2012考研英语翻译(基础必备)
川大2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题(英语翻译基础)
川大2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题（英语翻译基础）考试科目：351英语翻译基础适用专业：英语口译、英语笔译I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30)CPISMEWWFISOCIFFoxconnMOFCOMTPPIPCCChemical Oxygen Demandthe 100,000 Strong Initiative by President Obama carbon foot printdebt ceilingsolar photovoltaicsStandard Poors非关税壁垒平板电视廉租房经济二次触底海选剩男剩女地沟油潜规则中国载人航天计划紧缩性货币政策云计算民心工程智能城市《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》《中庸》II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120)Source Text 1:High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories: High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but canachieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars.High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft.If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies particularly MAGLEV could have a significant impact on congestion in the future.When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.Source Text 2:The fortunate people in the worldthe only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind, are those whose work is also their pleasure. Theclass is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose however necessaryis a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at ones table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer penthat is true happiness. The complete absorption of the mind upon an agreeable occupationwhat more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The heathen may rage furiously in every part of the globe. The bottom may be knocked clean out of the American market. Consols may fall and suffragettes may rise. Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will withdraw ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and disorderly world, and with the key of fancy unlock that cupboard where all the good things of the infinite are put away.Source Text 3:锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江和检江。
2012年考研英语(一)翻译参考译文
2012年研究生入学考试英语（一）翻译部分参考译文2012年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章出自美国杂志《Nature》，题目是Universal truths。
这篇文章的理论性比较强，对于大家来说应该会感觉很有难度，大家首先要理解文章大意，依据专业性来定词义。
文章原文如下，选入2012考研英语一翻译真题时有部分删改：Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.46. In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.46. 在物理学上，一种方法就是把这种寻求统一性的冲动发挥到了极端，并努力寻找一种万能的理论，即一条唯一的为我们都看到的一切所生成的公式。
2012年考研英语(一)翻译参考译文
2012年研究生入学考试英语（一）翻译部分参考译文2012年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章出自美国杂志《Nature》，题目是Universal truths。
这篇文章的理论性比较强，对于大家来说应该会感觉很有难度，大家首先要理解文章大意，依据专业性来定词义。
文章原文如下，选入2012考研英语一翻译真题时有部分删改：Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.46. In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.46. 在物理学上，一种方法就是把这种寻求统一性的冲动发挥到了极端，并努力寻找一种万能的理论，即一条唯一的为我们都看到的一切所生成的公式。
2012年英语二翻译加重点词
2012When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Vall ey or to hospitals and universities in the developed world .当发展中国家人们为移民问题焦虑的时候，他们通常是在担忧他们的民族里那些最优秀最聪明的人的前景，这些人去了硅谷或者发达国家的医院和高校重点词汇：migration [maɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n] n.移民迁移| concern at 对...关注| prospect 前景| brightest 最优秀的最聪明的| depart v.离开动身出发departure 离开动身出发These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain ,Canada and Australia try to attract b y using immigration rules that privilege college graduates 。
这些就是那种像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家通过使用赋予大学生特权的移民法规所试图吸引的人重点词汇：privilege n.特权v.赋予…特权Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particular ly likely to emigrate .许多研究也发现，发展中国家的受过良好教育的人尤其可能会移民重点词汇：emigrate[‘emɪgreɪt] 移居外国移民（到国外）immigrate['ɪmɪgreɪt]移民（到国内）使移居入境A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.在2004年的印度家庭的一个大规模调查中发现，接近40%的移民受过高中以上的教育，与之形成鲜明对比的是，所有超过25岁的印度人中只有大概3.3%的人受过高中以上的教育重点词汇：household n.家庭adj.家庭的|This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts th eir economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at thei r universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factor ies to make 。
2012年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part I (30 points)1. Translate the following English or Chinese terminologies into Chinese or English ones respectively. (20 points)①G20【答案】20国集团②经适房【答案】Residence houses for low-and-medium wage earners/Affordable Housing③和而不同【答案】Harmonious but Different④工业“三废”【答案】three wastes(waste gas, waste water and waste residues)⑤保障性住房【答案】indemnificatory housing2. What factors do you think need to be taken into consideration when you are commissioned to translate a source text? (10 points)【答案】We should follow two principles—faithfulness and expressiveness. Faithfulness means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content or thought. Expressiveness demands that the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense.Part II Put the following passage into Chinese (60 points)TRUE!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! And observe how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture—a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees—very gradually—I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded—with what caution—with what foresight—with what dissimulation I went to work! I was neverkinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night about midnight I turned the latch of his door and opened it—oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern all closed, closed so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly—very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man’s sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! —would a madman have been so wise as this? And then when my head was well in the room I undid the lantern cautiously —oh, so cautiously —cautiously (for the hinges creaked)—I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights—every night just at midnight—but I found the eye always closed, and so it was impossible to do the work, for it was not the old man who vexed me but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he had passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch’s minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers—of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was opening the door little by little, and henot even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea, and perhaps he heard me, for he moved on the bed suddenly as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back —but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness (for the shutters were close fastened through fear of robbers), and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in the bed, crying out—“Who’s there?”.【朱振武译】《泄密的心》真的——紧张——非常紧张，极度紧张，以前，现在，都是这样。
2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案
Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。
英语翻译基础2012年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题
into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1' X 15 =15')
1. 自动飞行系统
2. 微机
3. 欧共体4. 三农来自5. 私企6. 能耗
7. 第三产业
8. 中国石化
9. 全球定位系统
10. 工商管理硕士
Passage 2
Air France and British Airways have announced that later this year they will retire all of their Concordes from commercial service. For many Americans the Concorde has always been a bit of a joke, a prime example of what happens when bureaucrats pursue prestige through engineering. By the early 1960s US private firms were clearly ahead of European jet makers. The governments of France and the UK launched a joint project to outdo the Americans at their own game, by designing a supersonic jet that would restore European technological preeminence. After years of experimentation at vast public expense, the Anglo-French designers had made an engineering wonder with little hope of ever turning a profit.
2012年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
各自的推理以及各自的推理概念。 31. 根据第一段，发现过程的特点是它的： A 不确定性和复杂性 B 错误的概念和欺骗 C 逻辑性和客观性 D 系统性和常规性 32.从第二段可以推知认证的过程需要： A 严格的审查 B 共同的努力 C 个人的智慧 D 不断的创新 33.第三段表明，科学的发现在它( A 吸引到大众的注意之后 B 被科学的机构检查之后 C 获得了编辑和审稿者的认同之后 D 被科学家同行经常引用之后 34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi 可能会最赞同下面的那个观点： A 科学的发现将经受住质疑 B 今天的发现将引起未来的研究 C 做出发现的努力被证明是合理的 D 科学的工作需要批判的头脑 35.下面那个是最好的标题： A 新颖是科学进步的引擎 B 科学发现中的集体审查 C 科学中认证(信任)的发展 D 在通往科学的大门口对于信任的质疑 )之后变得可信：
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说好的是不能改变的! 除非 Entergy 进行的交易。这个公司是新英格兰地区 主要的能源提供商，该公司引起了佛蒙特州人们的义愤，因为上周它宣称它不想 遵守严格的核能规定。 相反，该公司一直履行了它早先的承诺过不做的事情：即它不会因为想保持 其 Vermont Yankee 核电站持续经营，而要在联邦法院挑战该州相关规定的合法 性（宪法） 。现在这个做法让人震惊。 这个冲突始于 2002，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一一家核电站，其实是 一个位于 Vernon 的破旧反应堆。该交易为了获得州政府的批准，该公司同意一 个前提条件：即同意在 2012 年后征求州政府官员的同意继续经营。2006 年，州 政府又提出，该核电站能否延期经营要听从佛蒙特州立法机关的批准。当时，该 公司也无异议。 Entergy 从来没有打算要遵守这些承诺，也根本没有想过将来会发生什么。 一系列的事件，包括 2007 年冷却塔的部分崩溃，以及地下管道系统泄露的发现， 这些事使得人们严重怀疑 Vermont Yankee 电站的安全问题和 Entergy 的管理---2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
2012考研英语20大必背范文及译文
Section A1.Dear Mr.Wang,I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor for your magazine Design Fashions.I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues.The experiences w be unforgettable throughout my life.However,as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing,I fi my present job doesn't fall in with my previous training and strength.I therefore decide to quit this job f something else that may conform to my former preparation.Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconvenience my leaving may cause.Yours truly,Li Ming译文：亲爱的王先生，非常荣幸两个月前能够称为贵杂志Design&Fashions.的一名员工，我非常珍惜与您以及其他同事公事的机会，这将是我终身难忘的经历。
但是，作为一个兴趣在计算机科学而不是时尚设计的年轻人，我发现我的工作与我之前的培训和自身长处不一致。
因此我决定放弃目前的工作，转作其他与我兴趣一致的工作。
如果我的工作带来了任何不便，请接受我真诚的歉意。
2012 12研究生英语考试 翻译
你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活卡勒普-撒弗兰[ 1 ] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们自细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然问都成了科学问题。
[ 2 ] 迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败，并与沮丧、孤独及令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
[ 3 ]“你的能力固然重要，”匹兹堡的卡内基一梅降大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功，”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
[ 4 ] 以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利棉曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调察。
他们发现，存工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考比消极思考者要多推销37％的保险额。
机新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20％。
[ 5 ] 公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化企业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。
这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出推销员的平均额10％。
[ 6 ] 他们是如何做的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。
出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。
他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。
”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气、抱怨电话线路、或者甚至怪罪别人。
他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。
当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。
2012年英语一真题翻译
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English最近对最高法院法官的道德判断成为一个重要的话题。
当法官像政治家一样行事时，法院就不能维护其作为法律原则守护者的合法性。
然而，在一些事例中，法官行事的方式损害了法院独立、公正的名誉。
例如，法官Antonin scalia出席了政治活动。
这种行为使得法院的审判更有可能被认为是不公正的。
部分问题在于法官没有受到道德规范的约束。
至少，法院应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。
这个以及其他类似的案例提出了这样的问题：在法院和政治之间是否仍然存在着界限？宪法的制定者们设想法律拥有独立于政治之外的权力。
他们给予法官永恒的地位，故法官不再会忌惮当权者，也没有必要寻求政治支持。
我们的法律体系被设定为使得法律完全不受政治的影响，是因为这二者是如此紧密相连的。
宪法具有政治性，这是因为它源于那些根植于诸如自由、财产之类的基本社会概念中的选择。
当法院处理社会决策问题时，它所适用的法律不可避免地会带有政治性。
这也就是为什么偏离思想路线的决策这么轻易地被视为是不公正的而不予考虑的原因。
法官必须通过他们对行为规范负责的方式来解决对于法院（审判的）合法合理性的质疑。
这可能会使得审判看上去更加与政治相独立，因此，像法律一样令人信服。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1“来吧，每个人都在这么做。
”这个半邀请半强迫的耳语似的信息，是大部分人在听到“同龄压力”这个词语时所想到的。
这个词语常常会导致不好的事情，如酗酒、嗑药和滥交。
但在她的新书——《加入俱乐部》中，Tina Rosenberg认为通过她所称之为的社会疗法，同龄压力也可以成为一种正面的力量。
在这种社会疗法中，机构和官员利用集体动态的力量来帮助个人改善他们的生活，并且可能改变这个世界。
普利策奖的获得者，Rosenberg提供了许多正在进行中的社会疗法的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“Rage Against the Haze”（愤怒面对烟雾）的由政府发起的禁烟行动，决心使得香烟不再受人欢迎。
【2012考研必备资料】考研英语翻译常考和必考词汇集锦
【2012考研必备资料】考研英语翻译常考和必考词汇集锦Abstractn.摘要, 概要, 抽象adj.抽象的, 深奥的, 理论的Acceleratevt. & vi. (使)加快, (使)增速，n.接受速成教育的学生Achievementn.成就; 成绩; 功绩，达到; 完成Acquirevt.得到, 养成，vt获得; 招致，学得(知识等), 求得, 养成(习惯等)，捕获,Actionn.作用, 动[操]作, 行动，机械装置[作用], (小说等中的)情节Activityn.活动, 活动的事物，活动性, 机能, 功能Actuallyadv.现实的, 实际的; 目前的; 明确的, 有效的Additionaladj.增加的, 额外的, 另外的Advancevt. & vi.(使)前进, (使)发展; 促进, vt.提出Advantagen.利益, 便利, 有利方面, 有利条件; 优点; 优势,(网球等)打成平手(deuce)而延长比赛后一方先得的一分(攻方所得称 advantage in, 守方所得则称advantage out)Agreevi.一致; 相合同意, 赞成约定, 允诺, 答应,相宜, 调和, 符合,和睦相处Almostadv.几乎, 差不多, 差一点; 将近Amountn.量, 数量, 数额, 总额, 总数. vi.合计, 共计Approachvt. & vi.接近, 走近, 靠近; vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理; n.靠近, 接近, 临近Appropriateadj.适当的, 恰当的; vt.挪用; 占用; 盗用Arguevt. & vi.争吵, 辩论; vt.坚决主张, 提出理由证明, 说服, 劝说Arisevi. & link v.呈现; 出现; 发生; vi.起身, 起来, 起立Aspectn.方面,方位, 朝向Assertvt.声称, 断言,维护, 坚持Assumevt.假设, 臆断, 猜想, 假装,担, 担任, 就职Attemptn. 尝试, 企图vt. 尝试, 企图Augmentvt.增加, 提高, 扩大；n.增加, 提高, 扩大Availabilityn.可用性,有效性,实用性Basen.基础, 底座，基地, 根据地vt.把…建立在, 以…为基础Behavioraladj.动作的，行为方面的Branchn.树枝, 枝条，支, 分科, 分系；vi.出枝，树叉Causen.原因, 起因，故, 理由vt.成为…的原因; 导致，促使, 使发生Centralizevt.使…处于中央的控制之下, 把…集中于中央，成为...的中心, 把..集中起来Challengen.挑战, 邀请比赛，怀疑, 质问，艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑Changevt.改变, 变革，交换, 替换以...兑换，把...变成... (into) ；n.改变, 变化, 变更Charactern.品质, 特性, 特色，特征, 好的品质，人物, 角色(书写或印刷)符号, (汉)字Chargevt.装(满), 使饱含; 控告, 指责(with); 把...归咎于(to, on, upon)要(价), 收(费); n. 电[载, 负]荷; 主管, 负责, 委托, 管理; 受照料者，费用, 价钱,Choicen.选择, 挑选，供选择的东西adj.上等的; 精选的Circumstancen.环境, 条件, 情况，境遇, 经济状况Closelyadv.接近地，亲密的adv.精密地，严密地Commentn.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评vt. & vi.评论; 谈论Comparativeadj.比较的, 相比的，相比之下的, 相比而言的, 相对的Compensatevt. & vi.补偿, 报酬Competentadj.适当的，称职的，胜任的，有能力的，有资格的，权限内的，充足的；耐久的Completeadj.完整的，整个的；完成的，圆满的，十足的，完美的； (设备等)齐全的vt.完成，结束Complexadj.由许多部分组成的, 复杂的, 难懂的n.综合体, 集合体Conceptn.【哲】概念，观念，思想， (基本)原理，定则，意想Conclusionn.结束, 结论, 结尾, 推论Concreten. 凝结物, 混凝土a. 具体的, 实在的, 混凝土的vt. (使)凝结, 用混凝土浇筑vi. (使)凝结, 用Conditionn.状况, 状态; 地位,健康状况, 可使用的状况条件, 先决条件环境, 情况疾病;vt.制约, 限制Conductvt. & vi.引导, 带领, 担任指挥n.举止, 行为Connectionn.连接, 联结, 联系; 关系Consequencen.结果，后果；【数】后承；【逻】结论,重要(性)；重大意义Considerationn.考虑，思考；顾虑(为别人)着想；体谅, 考虑的结果Contendvi.抗争，争论，争辩, 斗争，n.竞［斗］争者，争论者Continuevt.继续(做某事)，使延长［伸］,持续，接着说Controln.控制, 支配, 管理, 调节, 抑制, 控制器, 调节装置vt.控制, 支配, 管理(物价等), 操纵, 抑制Conveyvt.传导，运［传，输］送Convincevt.使相信［信服］，说服, 使承认；使悔悟；使认错［罪］CosmosCreatevt.创造, 建立, 造成, 引起, 产生Criticsn.评论. 评论家.Culturaladj.文化的, 与文化有关的Customn.风俗, 习惯, 惯例, 常规, 传统, [the Customs]海关; [pl. ]关税deal with惠顾; 与…交易, 和…做买卖, 应付, 处理; 对待Decaden.十年, 十年间Definevt.精确地解释; 界定, 给...下定义Delightfuladj.令人非常高兴的, 讨人喜欢的Demandvt.要求, 请求, 需要, 查问, 询问Demonstratevi.举行示威游行(或集会) vt.说明, 演示，论证, 证明Dependvi.[通常与 on, upon 连用]依靠, 依赖，相信, 信赖，取决于, 由...而定vt.设计; 作图案; 打图样, 绘制，盘算, 筹划, (在心中)计划, 设计，企图, 预谋Detailn.细节; 详细; 详情; 琐事; 枝节; 琐碎Determinevt.决心, 决意vi.决定;决心Difficultyn.困难; 艰难，难事; 困境Digitaladj.数字式的, 数码的Directlyadv.直接地, 径直地, conj.一…就…Disciplinevt.训练, 训导，处罚, 惩罚n.训练,纪律Distinctlyadv.独特的; 清晰的; 明显的; 确定无疑的Divertvt.使转向, 使转移, 使消遣, vi.转移, 转向, 转入Effectiveadj.有效的; 生效的, 事实上的,Efficiencyn.效率, 效能Either…orElectvt.(进行)选举, 推举, 决定(做某事)Electronicadj.电子的; 电子器件的Elegantadj.优美的, 文雅的; 讲究的,简洁的,Elementaryadj.基本的, 初级的, 小学的, 简单的, 容易的Elsewhereadv.在别处, 到别处Emphasisn.强调, 重点Enhancevt.提高, 增加, 加强Entitlevt.给...题名, 给…称号[尊称], 给予...权利[资格] (to); Environmentn.周围; 围绕, 环境(周围的状况); 自然外界Equalityn.同[平]等, 均一[等]; 一样Equipvt.装备, 配备, 装束, 使具备adj.重要的, 根本的,本质的, 实质的,不可少的; n.[pl. ] 本质, 实质, 精华Establishvt.成立,建立, 开设, 确立,Eventn.事件, 大事, [pl. ]时事, 时局 ; 偶然可能发生的事Evidencen.证词; 证据; 迹象vt. 表明, 显示Exaggerationn.夸大[张], (艺术等的)夸张手法Excludevt.排除; 不包括在内Existvi.存在, 有, 生存; 活着Expandvt. & vi.使…变大, 扩大, 扩张, 张开, 展开Expectvt.预料; 预期 vi. 期望, 期待, 希望Expensen.消耗, 花费, 费用Experiencen.经验, 体验, 经历; 阅历; vt.经历, 感受,Explanationn.解释, 说明; 注释, 辩解[明]Explorationn.探险旅行; 搜寻, 考察, 探索Explosionn.爆炸; 爆发, 激增, 扩大Exposevt.曝光, 暴露; 显露Extentn.长度, 面积, 范围, 程度, 限度Externaladj.外面的, 外部的, 外观的, 表面的Extremeadj.尽头的, 末端的, 极度的, 极端的; n.极端, 过分Fabricatevt.编造, 捏造, 虚构; 伪造far-reachingadj.深远的Fascinatingadj.迷人的, 有极大吸引力的Faultn.缺点, 缺陷; 过失, 过错Favorableadj.赞成的,有利的,赞许的, 讨人喜欢的, 起促进作用的FeelingForcen.力; 力量; 武力; 暴力 vt.强制, 迫使, 逼迫Formn.组成, 结构, 形式; 表格vt.塑造, 养成，成立Formulatevt.构想出, 规划，确切地阐述Functionn.功能; 作用; 职责vi.工作, 运行, 起作用Fundamentaladj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则Furthermoreadv.而且, 此外Generaladj.普遍的, 全面的; 总体的, 一般的，通常的Gloryn.光荣, 荣誉，壮丽，非常美的事物; 给人荣耀的事, 值得称赞的事Graspvt.抓住,理解, 领会 n.抓住; 理解Hostn.主人(对宾客而言)，(广播, 电视的)节目主持人vt.主办(宴会等); 款待, 作主人招待Humblyadv.谦恭地，卑贱地; 粗陋地n.身份，个性, 特性，同一性, 一致性Ignorevt.不顾, 不理, 忽视Immediateadj.立即的, 即刻的; 紧迫的，当前的Improvevt. & vi.改善, 改进, 提高Includevt.包住, 关住，包含, 包括，算[计]入Increasevt. & vi.增加, 增大, 增多n.增长;增进Individualadj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的，独特的 n.个人Industryn.工业, 制造业，工业界，[总称]企业; 产业Inflationn.(充气而引起的)膨胀，通货膨胀Injuriousadj.伤害的，中伤的，不公正的Innovationn.改革, 革新, 创新，新观念, 新方法, 新发明InquiryInsightn.洞察力, 洞悉, 深刻的见解，领悟, 顿悟Instinctn.本能; 天性; 直觉Institutionn.创立; 制度; 惯例; (社会或宗教等)公共机构; 协会, 事业机构Instrumentn.器具, 仪器, 乐器Integratevt.使结合成为整体 vt. & vi.(使)融入Intellectualadj.智力的; 理智的, 善于思维的 n.知识分子Interestn.兴趣; 爱好, 利益vt.使产生兴趣, 引起…的意愿Internaladj.内(部)的,内在的; 心灵的, 精神的,国内的;Interpretvt.解释; 说明 vt. & vi.口译; 翻译Inventionn.发明(才能), 创造(力), 发明物, 捏造, 虚构Involvevt. 使卷入; 使陷入; 使参与, 牵涉n.问题, 议题; 争论点, vt.出版, 发行, 发表, 发布 vi.冒出, 传出Judgen.法官,裁判员, vt. & vi.审判; 评判; 断定Largelyadv.在很大程度上, 大半地, 主要地Leadvt. & vi.带路, 领路, 指引, 领导; 指挥Lievi.躺, 卧, 位于 vi. & link v.平放 n.谎话Linkvt. & vi.连接, 联系 n.环, 联系, 纽带Maintainvt.保持; 继续,维护,Massn.团, 块, 堆, 大量, 众多vt. & vi.(使)集中; 聚集 adj.许多的, 大规模的, 群众的Mathematicsn.数学Meansn.方法, 手段Measurevt. & vi.量出; 记录,估计, 估量, 仔细考虑 n.尺寸, 尺度;MediaMethodn.方法, 办法，秩序, 条理Moraladj.道德上的, 有道德的 n.教育意义, 寓意，道德, 品行,Movevt. & vi.移动; 搬动vt.使感动, 激起n.动, 移动Nativeadj.出生地的, 故乡的, 当地(人)的; 原产于某地的 n.当地人, 本地人no less than不少于, 多达Notionn.概念, 观念，意愿, 打算, 意图Obligevt. & vi.迫使做; 使负义务，满足请求; 施惠 vt.感激Observevt. & vi.观察; 研究 vt.看到; 注意到，遵守; 遵循Obviousadj.明显的; 显而易见的Occurvi.(事件等)发生，想起，出现; 被发现Offendvt.触怒; 冒犯，使反感vi.犯规, 触犯n.操作, 运转(方式)，作用, 效力，【医】手术Ordinaryadj.普通的, 平常的; 平庸的, 平淡的Owing to由于, 因为Paralleladj.(指至少两条线)平行的，类似的; n.平行线[面]，极相似的人[事物]，类似(点), 相似(之处) Particularadj.特定的, 某一的，特殊的, 特有的 n.详情; 细目Partlyadv.在一定程度上，部分地, 不完全地Passionn.热情, 强烈感情(尤指爱、恨、怒)，爱情; 情欲，爱好;Pastadj.以前的, 过去的 n.过去,昔时; 往事prep.(表示时间)迟于,晚于，(表示关涉)从…旁边通过Patternn.型, 样式，花样, 图案 vt.模仿; 仿制Performvt.履行, 执行, 完成(事业), 演奏, 演出Personalityn.人, 人的存在; 个性; 【心理】性格; 人格, 品格PhenomenaPhilosophern.哲学家，思想家; 学者Pointn.要点, 论点, 观点 vt.削尖 vt. & vi.指; 指向Possibleadj.可能的, 可能存在[发生, 做到]的; 潜在的Practicen.练习, 实习，实践, 实际Predictvt. & vi.预言; 预测; 预示Predictionn.预言; 预言的事物Preservevt.保护; 维护，保藏, 蜜饯(水果); 腌制(蔬菜等); Primaryadj.首要的; 主要的; 最初的; 初级的Principlen.原理, 原则，主义; 本质,Privilegen.特权, 特别待遇或权益 vt. 给与...特权, 特免Processn.过程, 进程 vt.加工; 处理 vi.列队行进vt. & vi.生产, 产生, 出产，制作, 创作Provevt. 证明, 查验, 检验, 勘探, 显示 vi. 证明是，【经】证实Psychologicaladj.心理的; 精神的，心理学的; 关于心理学的Quarreln.争吵, 不和, 口角 vi.争吵, 争辩Ragevi.大发脾气, 动怒 n.狂怒, 盛怒rather than(要)…而不…, 与其…倒不如…，宁可, 宁愿Realizevt.实现，了解; 认识到 vt. & vi.变卖; 赚得Reasonn.理由; 原因，理性, 理智 vt. & vi.推理; 思考Recognizevt.认出, 识别出某人[某事物]Refervi. 谈[涉, 提]及, 提到, 指(的是)，关系到 vt.送交; 提交Refinevt.精炼; 精制; 使纯净，使文雅高尚; 使去掉粗俗言行; 使变得完善ReflectionRegardvt.把...视为, 看作 vi.注意; 注视 n.注重,考虑，Rejectvt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回 n.被拒货品, 不合格产品Relatevt. & vi.(把…)联系起来Relevantadj.有关的, 切题的rely on信赖, 依赖Requirevt.需要，要求; vi.命令, 要求Researchn.研究; 探讨 vi.做研究, 探究，探讨 vt.从事…的研究, 为…而做研究Resolvevt. & vi.决定; 决心，解决(问题、疑问等)rests upon有赖于，取决于Resultn.结果; 效果; 后果; 成效 vi.发生, 产生; 导致, 结果是Revealvt.显示; 露出，泄露; 透露n.革命，彻底改变, 重大变革Revolvevt.使旋[绕]转; 使周转，细想, 盘算Sciencen.科学, 科学研究，(一门)学科; 自然科学，理科Seemlink v.好像; 仿佛selectvt.选择; 挑选 adj.精选的, 挑选出来的Servevt. & vi.(为…)服务; 任(职)，提供, 端上Showvt. & vi.给…看, 显示，说明; 表明Significantadj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的，有意义的,Situationn.地点; 场合，局面, 情况, 境遇,Smartadj.整洁漂亮的; 思维敏捷的, 伶俐的; 聪明的 vi.感到刺痛 n.创伤Socialadj.社会(上)的，社交的, 喜爱交际的SoundSourcen.源头, 根[来]源，消息来源，出处,Specialadj.特别的, 特殊的，专门的, 专用的,Specificadj.明确的, 确切的, 具体的, 特定的Standardn.标[基, 水]准, 规格[范], 典范, adj.标准的,权威的, 模范的Staten.状态, 状况，国家, 政府，州; 邦 vt.陈述; 敘述Stressn.压力, 紧张，重力，重音 vt.重读，强调Strikinglyadv.醒目地,引人侧目地，突出的, 鲜明的,Structuren.结构, 构造 vt.组织; 制定Subjectn.主题; 题目; 科目; 课程 adj.常有[常患, 常遭受]…的; 倾向于…的 vt.使服从, 征服, Superioradj.(级别、地位)较高的; (品质、程度)优良的, 较好的 n.上级, 长官, 上司Supportvt.支撑; 撑扶; 托住; 支持 n.支撑, 赞助Survivevi.幸存, 活下来 vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在Systemn.系统; 体系,制度, 体制Techniquen.技巧, 手法, 技术Technologyn.科技(总称); 工艺; 应用科学,工业技术Thereforeadv.因此, 为此, 所以, 故…; 由此得出Thoughtn.思索, 思维能力; 思想, 思潮traitn.人的个性, 显著的特点, 特征, 一点点, 少许(of) Transfervt. & vi.转移; 迁移 n.转移; 转让; 转录Transportn. 运输, 运输工具,流放犯 vt. 传送, 运输, 流放Treatn.款待, 招待 vt.对待, 看待, 处理Trendn.(海岸、河流、山脉等)走向, 方向,趋势, 倾向, 流行, 时尚Undergovt.经历, 承受Understandingn.了解; 相互理解, 谅解; adj谅解的; 通情达理的Uniqueadj.独一无二的, 仅有的, 特有的, 少见的Untilprep.到…为止,在…以前conj.到…为止,在…以前,直到…才validatevt.证实; 确证,使生效; 使有法律效力Vanishvi.消失, 突然不见, 绝迹Variousadj.各种不同的, 各种各样的Viewn.展望, 视野, 眼界, 观点, 看法Whereasconj.但是, 而Whether…or是…还是。
2012年郑州大学翻译硕士真题 357英语翻译基础
2012年郑州大学翻译硕士真题（357英语翻译基础）1.Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terms into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese. (1 point for each,30 points)1.e-commerce2.bioengineering3.the Supreme Court4.trade deficit5.summit meeting6.air quality monitoring7.economic community8.third-party payment9.unconventional weapons10. The Caribbean11. Paralympic Games12. The wall Street Journal13. International Atomic nergy Agency14. MIT15. IMF16. 医保卡17. 法人代表18. 第三产业19. 市场调查20. 生态平衡21. 免税商品22. 可再生能源23. 社区卫生服务中心24. 国务卿25. 《新闻周刊》26. 世界银行27. 欧洲联盟28. 国际足联29. 世界卫生组织30. 全球定位系统II. Direction: Translate the following two source text into their target language respectively. (60 points for each.120 points)Source Text 1:Any science may be likened to a river, says a Johns Hopkins biologist, Professor Carl Swanson.”It has its obscure and unpretentious beginning; its quiet stretches as well as its rapids;its periods of drought as well as of fullness. It gathers momentum with the work of many investigators as it is fed by other streams of thought; it is deepened and broadened by the concepts and generalizations that are gradually evolved.”So it is with the science of biological control in its modern sense. In America it has its obscure beginnings a century ago with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects that were proving troublesome to farmers, an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all, but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success. It has its period of drought when workers in applied entomology dazzled by the spectacular new insecticides of the 1940s turned their backs on all biological methods and set foot on” the treadmill of chemical control”. But the goal of an insect-free world continued to recede. Now at last, as it has become apparent that the heedless and unrestrained use of chemicals is a greater menace to ourselves than to the heedless and unrestrained use of chemicals is a greater menace to ourselves than to the targets, the river which is the science of biotic control flows again, fed by new streams of thought.【Key words】Johns Hopkins 霍普金斯Carl Swanson 卡尔.斯旺森momentum 动力；势头impetus 推动力；促进entomology 昆虫学treadmill 枯燥无味的工作biotic 生物的Source Text 2:由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识，就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识，世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。
2012年考研英语翻译重点词汇整理
2012年考研英语翻译重点词汇整理这是一篇科普类文章，本文先指出科学界的普遍行为特征是探索万物的共性，然后从自然科学和社会科学的角度具体说明这种特征，接下来以语言学家研究的例子说明：各学科试图找到一个具有普遍指导意义的真理模式这种愿景自然好，但是寻求绝对的普遍性并不恰当，要正确对待事物的差异性。
以下是本文中出现的20个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 12universal [juːnɪ'vɜːs(ə)l]a. 普遍的;通用的;宇宙的;全世界的;全体的n. 一般概念;普通性【词根记忆】：uni-(前缀：一)+vers(词根：转)+al(形容词性后缀)→统一旋转的→宇宙的【短语搭配】：universal law 普遍规律;普遍法则【真题例句】：Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. 从亚里士多德时代开始，科学家探索的主要特点就是寻求普遍规律。
(2012年翻译)2. 7impulse ['ɪmpʌls]n. 冲动;[电子] 脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力vt. 推动【词根记忆】：im(=into)+pulse(=pull/push拉/推)→内心推动你前进的力量→冲动;推动力【真题例句】In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. 物理学中，有一种方法将这种追求万物归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个包括我们能看到的一切的生成性等式。
(2012年翻译,46)3.2justification [ˌdʒʌstɪfɪ'keɪʃn]n. 辩护;正当的理由【词根记忆】：just-(词根，调整、公平)+i(无实意，音节连接词)+fi(fy，动词，为了……)+cation(名词后缀)→为了公平而调整的行动→辩护→正当的理由【短语搭配】：in justification of 为…辩解as a defense for sth.【真题例句】Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. 达尔文学说似乎做出了合理的解释，因为如果人类有着共同的起源，那么文化多样性也能追溯到更有限的起源似乎就也是合理的了。
2012年英语考试翻译题
一．词组英译汉1.born in the purple出身豪门、出身显贵2．in the red 负债2.to be in the same boat 同舟共济3.polite society上流社会5．the latest developments掌握最新动态6．the mobile phone boom 手机的兴起7．the global nuclear conflict 全球核冲突8．the endless corrider 无尽的走廊9．In good shape 身体状况良好10．being exposed to the public 曝光二．词组汉译英11．浑水摸鱼Fish in troubled waters12．教练车Learner-driven vehicle13．不必要的浪费Unnecessary waste14．搞花架子do something superficial15．西部大开发 West development16．生产能力过剩 Excess production capacity17．扶贫开发Poverty alleviation through development18．全景 Whole scene19．网络安全 Internet security20．难忘的记忆 Unforgettable memory三．句子英译汉21.We must enhance our economic and cultural exchange with other countries.译：我们要加强与世界各国在经济、文化等领域的交往。
22.The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 译：财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
2012年中山大学英语翻译基础考研真题及其答案解析
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授
训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班
2012年中山大学英语翻译基础真题答案
育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:
历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.
有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。
第一部分
汉译英
1. 中小企业 small- and medium-sized enterprises
2. 洗钱 money laundering
3. 人民币升值 appreciation of the RMB
4. 次贷危机 sub-prime crisis
5. 水土流失 water loss and soil erosion
6. 贸易顺差 trade surplus
7. 企业社会责任 Corporate Social Responsibility
8. 主权信用评级 sovereign credit rating
9. 贩卖人口 traffic in persons
10. 美国驻华大使 American Ambassador to China
11. 温室效应 greenhouse effect。
2012考研英语翻译
2012年考研英语翻译词组汇总1990年1. be determined by 由…所决定2. have something to do with 与…有关3. be central to sth. 是…的核心4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反5. be due to 由于（常做表语）6. be deprived of 被剥夺7. respond to 对…作出反应8. as the basis of 依据/根据9. be born with 天生具有10. In contrast 相比之下1991年11. shut off 关上，停止，切断12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不13. or so 大概，大约14. at the rate of 以…的速率15. take time 花费时间16. be likely to 可能；倾向于17. result in 导致18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机）20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言21. make…possible 使…成为可能22. combine…wi th 把……和…结合起来；加上23. in the fashion of 以…方式24. such…as 像…一样1992年25. refer to…提到；谈到26. agreement on 一致意见27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看30. draw a conclusion 得出结论31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度32. only if 只要33. the same…as 与…一样34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏1993年35. nothing but 只不过是36. by means of 通过；借助于37. by the help of 通过…的帮助38. in a sort of sense 从某种意义上来说39. manage to do sth. 设法做到40. extract …from 从……提炼出41. out of…起源；来源；根据42. build up 建立；树立43. by no means 绝不44. be compared with 与……相比45. a sort of 某种46. set…… in motion开始；47. differ in…在…方面不同48. go through 经历；经受；仔细检查49. in the one case =on the one hand50. in the course of the day=during the day51. a train of=a series of=an array of=a variety of1994年 52. revolve around 围绕…转；以…为中心53. not so much…as 与其说…不如说…54. because of 由于55. move forward 向前发展56. in short 简而言之；总之57. as we call it 我们所谓的58. the reach of science 科学能够到达的范围59. a series of 一系列60. over the years 多年以来61. turn…on…转向，朝向62. rather than 而不是63. at the expense of=at the cost of 以…为代价64. vice versa反之亦然65. depend on 取决于66. driving force 驱动力1995年67. social inequality 社会不公68. in doing sth 在…过程中69. divert…from 把…从…转移70. lie with 取决于；在于71. be validated by 被…验证/证实72. whether…or 是……还是73. depend upon…and on 取决于…还取决于…74. depend upon…and upon 取决于…还取决于…75. such…as 例如，象这种的76. in general 通常；大体上；一般而言77. for example 比如78. compensate for 补偿；赔偿79. underprivileged youngster 贫困的/下层社会的年轻人80. grow up 长大81. under…circumstances 在…环境下1996年82. be results of 由于…83. social needs 社会需求84. to some extent 在一定程度上85. come to the conclusion 得出结论86. make demand of 对…提出要求87. scientific establishment 科研机构88. in detail 详细地 89. a certain amount of 一定数量的90. not related to… 与…没有关系91. immediate goals 当前目标92. be unable to do 不能够…93. in principle 原则上；基本上；一般而言94. deal with 应付；解决；处理95. new forms of thought 新的思维方式96. as well as 和97. new subjects for thought 新的思维对象/内容98. in the past 过去99. give rise to sth 导致；引起；使…产生1997年100. scoial contract 社会合同101. an agreed account of 共识102. human rights 人权103. leads ……to 导致104. at the outset 从一开始；开始的时候105. invite sb. to do sth. 使某人认为106. duties and entitlements 权利和义务107. extend to 给与108. no…at all. 根本不是109. arguing from the view that…以…的角度看110. different from……与…不同111. in every relevant respect 在所有相关的方面112. in action 起作用113. laugh at 嘲笑1998年114. even more important 更重要的是115. be able to 能够116. look into 洞察；观察117. put forward 放出；拿出；提出118. work with 与…共事/合作；起作用119. close in on 接近，差不多120. as expected 正如预期的121. a refinement of 一种更为完美的1999年122. as…as…和…一样123. conform to 符合；遵照124. see…as 把…看作 125. less…and more 与其说…不如说…126. intellectual discipline 知识学科127. whether…or 是…还是…128. refer to 指代…129. peculiar to …特有的130. appropriate to 适合的；恰当的131. apply to 适合于；存在于132. view…as 把…看成；把…当成133. equate…with 把…等同于…；认为…是2000年134. speclialized scientists 专家135. centralized control 中央控制136. under…conditions在…条件下137. such as 比如138. it is obvious that 很明显…139. be bound up with与…联系在一起；与…有关系140. be directly bound up with 与…直接相关141. in turn 依此；轮流；又142. rest upon…取决于143. of all kinds 所有种类的…144. owing to 由于145. be exposed to sth. 暴露于；接触到146. be forced to do sth. 被迫做…147. for the reasons given above 由于上述原因148. far-reaching 意义深远的；影响很大的149. spread over 遍布；覆盖150. arise from 由…产生的；由…带来的151. migration movement 人口流动152. modern means of transport 现代交通手段153. population explosion 人口爆炸2001年154. pollution monitor 污染监测器155. digital age 数字时代156. be regarded as…被当成是157. piece together 拼合；汇聚；综合158. hundreds of 数以百计的159. around the world 全世界160. key breakthroughs and discoveries 重大突破与发现161. take place 发生162. point out 指出163. lead to 导致164. home appliances 家用电器 165. result in 导致166. man-machine integration 人机一体化2002年167. behavior science 行为科学168. human nature 人性169. natural selction 自然选择170. a little more than a hundred yeras 一百多年171. what is called 所谓的172. trace…to…从…寻找根源；从…研究173. state of mind 心态174. and so on诸如此类175. partly because…and partly because…部分是因为…部分是因为…176. be held responsible for…被认为应该对…负责177. be given credit for…为…受到称赞178. with it 随之2003年179. cross-cultrual perspective 跨文化的角度180. concrete research 具体研究181. subject…to…使…服从于182. in… manner 以…方式；用…方法183. seek to 力图；试图；设法184. combined with 加上；连同185. bring to 加进；使用；采用186. define…as… 把…定义为187. makes…possible 使…成为可能2008年188. language and thought 语言和思维189. have some connections with…与…有联系；190. take root 生根；被牢固树立191. be obliged to sb. 感激某人192. die out 灭绝193. so…that… 如此…以至于194. accuse sb. of… 指责某人干某事195. be interested in doing sth. 对…感兴趣196. come to 开始；逐渐；进而197. believe in 相信198. a sort of某种的199. habitual thought 习惯思维200. grammatical pattern 语法结构2005年 201. publishing houses 出版社202. as elsewhere 像其他地方一样203. bring together 使联合；使团结204. in relation to 有关205. one another/each other 互相206. out of… 在…当中207. make up 组成208. no less than 多达；不少于209. take a loss 亏损210. deal with 对付；处理211. on such a scale 如此规模的212. it is no exaggerati on to say…毫不夸张地说213. the connecting fabric of the Old Continent 欧洲大陆的联系网络/把欧洲大陆连成一个整体2010年214. define…as… 把…定义为215. elect…as 把…当作216. be analogous to… 与…类似；与…相似216. contribute to… 有助于217. be charged with…承担…；负责…218. dedicate…to…把…献给…；把…用于…219. make reflections on…对…进行思考220. rules of conduct 行为准则221. moral code 道德标准223. moral judgments 道德判断224. not…any but=noting but225. more than 不只是2009年226. special preserve 特殊权利227. intellectual equipment 知识才能228. everyday realities 日常现实229. on a daily basis 每天230. established conventions and special responsibilities 已有传统和特殊责任231. a clear grasp/command of… 对…的清晰领会232. leagal learning 法律学习234. link…to 把…同…联系起来235. be parallel to 类似于236. on a daily basis 每天237. established conventions 既定惯例2008年238. enable…to… 使…。
2012考研英语阅读1翻译
2012考研英语阅读1翻译2012阅读：Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.赶紧加入吧，每个人都在这样做呢。
当听到“同侪压力”这个词时，我们大部分人想到的便是这句半是邀请半是强迫的耳语。
往往地，它带来的绝非好事——酗酒、吸毒和滥交。
但在蒂娜·罗森伯格的新书《加入俱乐部》中，她认为同侪压力通过她所倡导的“社会治疗”，也能够成为一种积极的力量。
在这种“社会治疗”中，组织和官员使用团体动态的力量来帮助个人改善生活，甚至改进整个世界。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.普立兹奖得主罗森伯格提供了很多“社会治疗”的实例：在南卡罗来纳州，一场由政府资助的称之为“怒对阴霾”的禁烟运动使得香烟变得很逊。
2012年国际关系学院MTI英语翻译基础考研真题
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
国际关系学院2012年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案一、词语翻译:英译汉（每题1分，总共15分)1、universal suf&age2、totalitarianism3、equity capital4、multi-polarization5、for-profit company6、initial public offering7、Keynesian economics8、bilateralism9、tabloidization10、fudge and mudge11、IP12、IMF13、ETS14、ASEAN15、UNEP二、词语翻译：汉译英（每题1分，总共15分）1、优惠政策2、全球贸易保护主义3、新兴繁荣的国豕4、防务嗟商5、最尚人们检察院6、基层行政机构7、俄罗斯国家杜马8、软硬兼施9、模拟太空舱10、男女平等11、贫困指数12、网规13、特权阶层14、强强联合15、不劳而获三、英汉互译：英译汉（每篇60分，总共60分）|At every turn,we see cutting edge ideas and technolo^,bom perhaps.in a| college laboratory or a library,through the spark of a professor,the curiosity of a.丨student,the dynamism of a classroom.The United Nations understands the enormous impact of scholarship,iimovation and ideas.We are trying to harness that great power to build a better world.A world where human ingenuity will make our homes,communities and consumption patterns socially and environmentally sustainable.A world where research receives the fimding and support it needs to defeat disease,deprivation and despair.A world where the“unlearning”of intolerance will bridge barriers that still divide nations and peoples.Promoting and advancing these goals is the essence of the United Nations Academic Impact We have been laying the groundwork for this initiative for some time now,with great support from the academic community.It will help serve as a clearing house to better match academic iimovation with particular areas of work ofthe United Nations—neglected areas of research,countries in need of specific help,research that will help deliver concrete change on the ground, and the best ideas to achieve the Nfillennium Development Goals by 2015.-We can do together in the fiiturc.The UN and the academic community already enjoy a strong partnership.Academic Impact will deepen it further for the twenty-first century.We know about corporatesocial responsibility in the business world.The Academic Impact aims togenerate a global movement of minds to promote a new culture of“intellectual social responsibility.”It is animated by a commitment to certainbedrock principles.Among them:freedom of inquiry,opinion and speech,educational opportunity for all,global citizenship,sustainability anddialogue.The United Nations stands ready to be an active partner with youin ensuring that your knowledge,skills and scholarship advance ouruniversal goals of peace,development and human rights.Thank you forcoming together in support of these noble goals.四、英汉互译:汉译英（每篇60分，总共60分）我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。
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翻译技巧：词法翻译法词义选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。
在考研翻译中，这中现象更是比比皆是：在1994年72）题a leader of the new school contends中，school是“学派”的意思，而不是“学校”的意思；在1996年74）题elegant system中，elegant是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“优雅”的意思；在2001年75）题And home appliances will become so smart that...中，smart是“智能化”的意思，而不是“聪明”的意思；在2003年75）题like the concept of set in mathematics中，set是“集，集合”而不是“一套，放置”等意思.......。
一、词义的选择如：I’ll see her home tonight今晚我送她回家。
India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。
He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学New homes are for sale.新房出售。
She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。
Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。
Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。
由此可见，一词多义的现象在英语中十分普遍。
在翻译时，词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手。
（一）根据词性确定词义如：forecast有“预报，预测”的意思，用作动词和用作名词时意思相同；increase作动词时，表示“增加，增长，增进”的意思，用作名词时主要还是表达这些意思。
如：book这个单词，在作名词时，意思是“书，书籍”；用作动词却常表示“预订，预约”的意思。
又如：while作连词时，有“当...的时候，而，虽然”等意思；作名词时，却指“片刻，一会儿”；作动词，又有“消磨”的意思。
遇到这种情况，如果不弄清楚词性，常常就会将词义搞错，进而影响原文的正确理解和准确翻译。
因此在翻译中，我们可以根据语法关系来辨别关键词的词性，以便能准确的判断词义。
如：light：This light is too poor to read by.这光线太暗不能看书。
（名词）Aluminum is a light metal.铝是一种轻金属。
（形容词）Will you light the fire for me?你替我点上火好吗？（动词）round：The Earth is not completely round.地球并不是完全圆的。
（形容词）Let's go into the hall and have a look round.让我们进大厅转一转。
（副词）They are dancing in a round他们围成一圈跳舞（名词）He worked round the day.他工作了一整天。
（介词）The boy's eyes rounded with excitement.男孩兴奋得眼睛睁得圆圆的。
（动词）（二）根据上下文确定词义我们以动词move为例，如果上下文不一样，move的意思显然也是不一样，必须依据上下文才能做到准确通顺的翻译。
That car was really moving.那汽车跑得可真快。
Share prices moved ahead today.股票价格今日上扬。
The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.他们的苦难经历深深打动了我们。
Work on the new building is moving quickly.新大楼的工程进展得很快。
The government's opinions on this matter haven't moved.政府对这件事的看法没有改变。
I move that we support the introduction of this new technological process.我提议我们支持采用这一新工艺方法。
She moves in the highest circles of society.她生活在高级社交圈里。
Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.雇主若不尽快采取措施，就要引起一场罢工。
（三）根据汉语习惯搭配确定词义如：a deep well是指深井；a deep voice低沉的嗓音；a deep red 鲜红色；deep in study 专心学习；a deep mystery 难以理解的奥妙；a deep thinker知识渊博的思想家；deep outrage强烈的愤怒。
又如动词work在翻译时如果上下文不同，汉语习惯搭配也不一样，翻译时应该选择不同的词义来表达。
I think your suggestion will work.我想你的建议行得通。
The new treatment works like magic.新疗法疗效神奇。
My watch doesn’t work.我的表不走了。
The sea works high.海浪汹涌起伏。
She worked her way to the front.她好不容易才挤到前面。
The root of the pine tree worked down between the stones.松树的树根在石缝间扎下去。
The new regulation is working well新规定执行得很顺利。
二、词义的引申（一）通过抽象化加以引申例如：They have their smiles and tears.他们有自己的欢乐与悲哀。
（原文中的smiles and tears本来是“微笑和眼泪”，但是可以引申为抽象的“欢乐与悲哀”。
）We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我们坚持主张国际贸易不应是有来无往。
（在原文中，one-way street本意为“单行道”，将“单行道”与国际贸易联系在一起，便不难引申为“有来无往”这一含义。
）I have no head for mathematics.我没有数学方面的天赋。
（原文中的head本来是“头脑”的意思，但是可以引申为“对数学没有天赋”。
）（二）通过具体化加以引申例如；The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.我前面的车停住了，我错过了绿灯。
（在原文中，green本来是“绿色”的意思，但是根据上下文，可以引申为具体的事物：“绿灯”。
）Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.就某些用途来说，铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够。
（原文的trouble本来是“麻烦”的意思，但是与“铜”联系在一起，就可以引申为“缺点”来翻译了。
）词性转换一、转译成动词例如：I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.译文：你决定战胜复习考试中的困难，这一点我很羡慕。
（一）名词转译成动词1．由动词派生的名词转译成动词。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。
2．含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
3．英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，He is a good singer.他唱歌唱得好。
Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.那些小工厂还在极大的消耗和浪费原材料。
4．有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往可转译成动词，如To have a rest 和To have a good look at 里的rest 和look.You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest?你一定很累了，为什么不休息一会呢？The car braked sharply, coming to rest on the edge of the cliff.汽车猛的刹住，停在悬崖边上。
（二）形容词转译成动词I am anxious about his health.我担心他的身体健康。
Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学家们都深信，所有的物质都是不灭的。
常见的有：与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等；与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等；与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。
（三）副词转译成动词She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。