新东方雅思作文写作最全讲义分析整理版-Topics
新东方雅思写作最全讲义分析整理版_Topics
精心整理一、教育（共25题，占%）1. In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job.不同意：中学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题vital ?stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problem/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。
Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail ）教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。
do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。
In a long run／term, if pupils could receive better education, they may have far more opportunities to find better jobs.教育的作用不仅仅应当局限在找工作，而是为了将来更好的发展。
新东方 雅思书信写作
雅思写作G类作文讲义主讲：张弛新欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材张驰新/zhangchixin随笔分类：雅思写作互动及欣赏区新闻“报”料雅友大联盟必下载文件：小新课堂笔记version 8.0雅思回家复习计划插入雅思写作答题纸Task 1 (G)Types of Letterplaint2.Enquiry3.Request4.Apology5.Acknowledgement6.Suggestion7.Job application8.Recommendation9.Self-introduction10.InvitationTactics for Task 1 (General Training)Dear (name), ——friend/relativeRe: (position)——only for application letterAs one of your (identity) s, I am writing this letter to express my (emotion) ——formalI am (name) , writing to you for (purpose)——informalQuestion 1&2——explanation of the whole event and expression of some emotionQuestion 3——offer your own solutionLooking forward to your early reply and thanks for your great effort to deal with it.Yours sincerely(English name)Emotion Words✧Complaint –说明意图+解释情况+解决方案例：You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friends visiting. They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you.Write a letter to the Accommodation Office at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons.1.I am writing to complain about…/that…2.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with somebody about something3.I am most reluctant to complain, but…4.I feel sorry to trouble you but I am afraid I have to make a complaint about…Examples:I am writing to complain about the service on the Beijing-Shanghai train which I took on August 16, 2001.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction about the Walkman I bought at the duty-free shop in your airport on February 14, 2005.✧End of a complaint letter1.I would be grateful / I shall appreciate it very much if you could take the matter intoconsideration and solve it at your earliest convenience.2.I would like to have this matter settled by the end of…/ within 14 days.Writing task 1You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friends visiting. They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation Office at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons.Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate be havior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely,Janice Kennedy考生样卷：Dear Sir, Dear Madam,I am writing you to express my dissatisfaction with my room mate and request to another accommodation next term.My main problem is that I cannot study in my room because my room-mate always has friends visiting. He also has parties, which usually ends early in the morning, several times a week. Further more he often borrows my things without asking me.I cannot accept this situation any longer. Especially because I have very important exams next term and I really must study hard. This is why I would be very grateful if I could have another room next term. It would be most convenient for me not having to share my room with someone else.I am looking forward to hear from you soon.Yours faithfullyDee White考官评分：6.5分修正版：Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing you to express my dissatisfaction with my room mate and request alternate accommodation starting next term.The main problem is that I find it extremely difficult to study in my room because my roommate constantly has friends visiting and throw loud parties which often last until early morning. This does not just happen once or twice a month. He has these parties several times a week, ever since the beginning of the term. In addition, my roommate often borrows my things without asking me. Even after numerous polite requests, there has been no change in my roommate’s behaviour. It has now gotten to the point that we don’t even talk to each other. This has added a lot of undue stress, which has started to take its toll on my studies.Because I have very important exams next term, I must request a new room, and I would like to have a single room, if that is at all possible. I would be very grateful if you would consider this request at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your help in this matter. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,Sam ZhangWriting task 1You have received your pay for your summer holiday part-time job, but your pay is less than you were promised. Please write a letter to the manager of the unit, clearly stating what work you have done and how long your work took. While explaining your case, put forward your demand and suggestion.Dear Manager,I have received the $800 cheque which you pay to me as a part-time software programmer in your company during my latest summer vacation. However, I am at a loss why the amount is $ 100 less than you promised to pay me.It was contracted that a part-time software programmer’s weekly wage is $ 300. I signed the contract with you and consequently worked in your company for a total of 3 weeks. In the period, I went to and from work on time and to your satisfaction, I completed each task that you assigned me without any errors.Also, no blame about me was ever heard in any aspect. So my total income should be $ 900, which is $ 100 more than that I gained from you. I firmly insist on your kind explanation of the difference and making it up as soon as possible.Your early reply would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerelyJanet Smith✧Enquiry –目的+具体问题+（急切心情+感激+联系方式）1.I am writing for information about…2.I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding…3.I would be most grateful if you could supply me with the following information.✧End of an Enquiry letter1.Thank you for your consideration2.I am expecting your early reply.3.I am looking forward to your immediate response.4.In addition, if you could let me have details of … I would be more than grateful.Writing task 1As part of a student social survey project, you are organizing a group to visit a historical exhibition in a small town. Write a letter asking for information regarding such things as the contents of the exhibition, and the dates of its opening and closing, and if there are anydiscounts available.Dear Sir,I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town. This visit will be part of our school’s act ivities to encourage the students to take part in social surveys. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information.First of all, what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held, and what are the daily opening hours? Secondly, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects are on display? Thirdly, are there any other activities being held in connection with the exhibition?I must point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition. So I would like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students. If so, how much is the discount and what is the minimum number of students necessary to qualify for it?I look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,George Moore✧Apology –目的+原因+再次表示歉意/ 补救措施1.I am writing to apologize for …2.I am terribly sorry, but…3.Thank you for …, but I am sorry to say that…✧End of an apology letter1.I hope you can accept my apologies. Please allow me to say sorry again.2.Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.3.I would be very grateful if you could tell me if there is any way that I can make up for it.I do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you.Writing task 1One of your pen pals will shortly be visiting your city. For some reasons, you cannot manage to meet her at the airport on time. Write a letter asking her to wait for you at the airport and tell her how to identify you.Dear Mary,I am very much looking forward to your visit to my city. Just think: after all these years of writing to each other, we will finally have the chance to meet! However, I regret to inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport as soon as you arrive.The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the quickest I can get to theairport will be about an hour after you land. Please wait for me in the arrival lounge. You should be able to have breakfast there while you wait.By the way, as we have never met I must tell you how to recognize me: I am medium height and have a small mustache. In addition, I will be carrying a copy of the morning newspaper tucked under my left arm.Looking forward to out first meeting.Yours sincerely,Harry✧Acknowledgement –目的+原因+再次感谢1.I am writing to extend/convey my heart-felt thanks/sincere appreciation/gratitude to youfor…✧End of a thank-you letter1.I must thank you again for your generous help / kind assistance.2.Please accept my gratitude, now and always.3.My true gratitude is beyond words. Thank you again.4.If you need any help to …, please let me know. I shall appreciate it very much if you cangive me a chance to return your kindness.Writing task 1After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by another person.Write a special letter to express your thanks.Dear John,I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid and taking me to a nearby hospital, I fear that the consequences might have been much more serious.The doctor says that my broken leg is healing well, and the bruises and cuts I suffered will soon be completely better. In addition, the taxi company has agreed to pay my hospital bills. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.Although nowadays many people talk about the need to be unselfish to help others, we see very few people practicing what they preach. But you showed by your selfless action that you are an exception. If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place.Yours sincerely,TedWriting task 1You have just arrived in the city where yo u are going to spend two years for your master’s degree. You have a lot preparation to do before the new term starts, but you do not know how to go round the city. A friend you have newly acquainted offered you guidance and helped you through difficulties. Write a letter to express your thanks.Dear Mary,I am writing this letter to thank you for the guidance you gave me. I was a perfect stranger when arriving at this city. Once I lost myself for not knowing the way in a downtown street, although I stopped to ask some people for direction. As you know this is the first time for me to come up to this big city.I bought a guidebook, but there were still difficulties in going round the city. The streets and shops puzzled me so much that I would rather stay indoors. It is your valuable guidance that has enabled me to go about the city without losing myself. I thank you very much for your kind help. Now I begin to know how to take the proper trolley buses. Yesterday I went downtown with some of my schoolmates to buy some stationery.Lesson will begin in a few days. I will come over to see you some day next week and tell you everything that has happened to me.Sincerely yoursJulia Noel✧Invitation –目的+具体情况（5W）+ 期待回复1.I am writing to invite you to …2.I would like to see your presence at …3.I am sending you this invitation to … and I sincerely hope you can be part of it.4.I am wondering if you could come to my birthday party in my new house this Saturdayevening.✧End of an invitation letter1.My family and I would feel honored if you could come.2.We would be looking forward to your participation in the party.3.Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come? I really hope you canmake it.•RSVP (before April 1)Writing task 1You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter to them individually, elaborating on the reason why such a party should be held and what activities will be arranged for them.Dear Susan,I will hold a dinner party at my house on June 23, 2000(Saturday) to celebrate my father’s being awarded the Pulitzer Prize for journalism this year. As you are a close friend of our family, my parents and I would very much like you to participate in the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will star at five o’clo ck in the afternoon, with the showing of the documentary film of the 1999 Kosovo war produced by my father, which secured the prize for him. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around eight o’clock, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on June 23, my family and I look forward to the pleasure of your company.Cordially yours,Jessica LouisRSVP before June 19✧Request –目的+解释原因+重申并表达感谢1.I am writing to request to do something2.I am writing in the hope that …✧End of a request letter1.By the way, if you think it is possible …, I would like to …. I am sorry for theinconvenience this may cause you.2.I am looking forward to your reply.Writing task 1You stayed with a local family when you attended a training program in New Zealand. You returned to your home country in a hurry and found that you had left your laptop computer in the family. Write a letter to the family, thanking them for their hospitality. Describe your computer and where it is and ask the host to send it back to you.You do NOT need to write your own address.Dear Mr. Scoot,I’m writing to express my gratitude for your entertainment during my stay in your house. I cannot forget your beautiful wife’s cooking.However, due to my rashness, I left my laptop computer in the guest room that you had arranged for me, which causes many inconveniences both in my work and my life.The above mentioned laptop computer is Model IBM 500 with gray appearance, half-new. Ivaguely remember that I put it on the desk by the fireplace of the guest room. The laptop computer contains all the important data related to my job. I cannot live without it.I really appreciate if you can find it out and send it to me by EMS as soon as possible. Enclosed with the letter is the return envelope with address, and a cheque of post.I am looking forward to your kind reply.Sincerely yours✧Suggestion–目的+建议（2~3点）1.I got to know from … that …. I am writing to give you some advice about it.2.I am writing in response to … to suggest ways in which …✧End of a suggestion letter1.I would appreciate … and will be more than happy to expand on any of the comments Ihave made here.2.I wish you a nice stay here.Writing task 1You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in --- history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects.Dear John,You have asked me for my advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful suggestions.You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career. Therefore, your first consideration should be to study a subject which will best equip you to earn a living. There is no doubt that the field of computer science offers far wider job opportunities than history.Besides, we are now in the age of the high-technology revolution. For the foreseeable future, not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer-literate, it will also be necessary for them to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living! History, I’m afraid, however fascinating it may be, offers few career prospects.Of course, you don’t have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else. On the contrary, I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time. That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computer science.Yours sincerelyJamesWriting task 1A friend who lives abroad will shortly be visiting your university and has asked you to make arrangements for his stay. Write a letter informing him of what you have done.Dear Mr. Smith,I have received your letter dated April 5, 1996 in which you have asked me to make arrangements for your stay here. I am glad to tell you that all relevant things have been arranged as follows:First of all, I will meet you at the airport when you arrive here. Then I will take you to our university reception where I have booked a room for you. On the second day of your arrival, you will be invited to attend our teaching activity in a small group. In the afternoon, I will take you to visit our students’ design work of architecture. On the third day, I have arranged a lecture at which I hope you could give us an introduction to the teaching features of architecture at Cambridge. In the evening, I will have a small party for you at which you will have more chance to communicate with our student as well as our staff. On the last day I will see you off at the airport.If there is anything inconvenient for you in this schedule, please let me know as soon as possible.I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a pleasant journey.Yours respectfullyRobert Kennedy✧Application –目的+个人陈述（2~3点）1.I am writing to apply for the position of … you advertised in … on …2.I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for …✧End of an application letter1.All these give me enough confidence to say that I am the right person for the position. Ishall appreciate it very much if you could give my application its due attention.2.I am looking forward to your favorable reply.Writing task 1You want to apply for the following job. Write a letter to Mr. Moore describing your previous experience and explaining why you would be suitable for the job.Waiter/waitress required for evening work. Some experience necessary.Dear Mr. Moore,Re: Waitress positionI am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. Enclosedwith this letter is my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications.Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job, my personality is well suited to working as a waitress. I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages. In my last waitressing job, I had over a dozen repeat customers each day. And, the fast-paced environment of waiting on tables suits me well, because I thrive on working under pressure. In fact, my former boss was surprised at both my stamina and efficiency in dealing with customers’ orders.I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience, to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. I can be reached at 463-9234 during the day and 924-6868 after 6 p.m.Thank you for your consideration of my application. I look forward to meeting you in the near future.Yours sincerelyMartha ScottWriting task 1From an advertisement you learn that a company has the position vacant in an engineering department. You are a postgraduate student with a master’s degree from Mechanical Training Program as Programmer Trainee. Y ou have just arrived in the United States and you want to have the j ob. You’ll enclose your resume with details of academic courses in your letter. You should ask to have an appointment.Dear Sir or Madam,From your advertisement on New York Times, March 24, I have learned that you need an engineer in your mechanic department. I have been seeking a position in the engineering department in which I may use my training in computer sciences to solve engineering problems and I would be interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining such a position within your firm.I received a master’s of science degree in mechanical engineering from Qinhua University in June 1995. Since September 1997 I have been participating, through my university, in Professional Training Program as Programmer Trainee and have gained a great deal of experience in computer applications. Details of the academic courses that I have taken are contained in the enclosed resume.May I have an appointment for an interview with you to discuss my qualifications in detail? Please write to me at my home or telephone me at (317) 668-5792 any weekday.Yours sincerelyMary Jones✧Recommendation–目的+解释原因+重申1.I have learned from your advertisement … that you are looking for …. I am writing toyou to recommend …2.As…, I earnestly recommend … for the position that you advertised …✧End of a recommendation letter1.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend … as an ideal candidate for the post. I amsure you will make a wise decision in hiring her.2.I would like to lend my support to…for his…3.Before concluding this letter, I would again apply myself to convincing you that…Writing task 1One of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers. Write a letter of recommendation for him/her.Dear Sir or Madam,I have learned form your newspaper advertisement that your center is organizing an international summer camp for overseas teenagers, and you are looking for a bilingual assistant tutor to work with the children. I am writing to you to recommend one of my best friends, Helen Wang, for this post.Helen used to be my classmate at Beijing Normal University, where she was already a very active organizer and participant in extracurricular activities. With her outstanding leadership skills and cheerful personality, she was elected chairperson of the Student Union several times.Busy as she was, she passed the college English Test Band Six and completed her major—teenager psychology—with an excellent school record. Upon graduation she was assigned to be a teacher in an international high school in Beijing, where she has been teaching bilingual lessons for five years. What’s more, she loves her job and enjoys working with children. This has won her great popularity among her students.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend her as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised. I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring her.Sincerely yoursVictor Li最新雅思写作题目集锦普通培训类小作文（书信类）1.You are going to London for a visit, and you would like to spend two days in visiting a libraryas you are doing a research project. Write a letter to the library assistant, asking him/her for help and specifying your requirements.(Request)2.When you were painting your rented apartment, you accidentally damaged something in oneof the rooms. Write to your landlord, explaining the reason for writing the letter and how the whole thing happened. Finally, you should suggest how you can compensate for the damages.(Apology)3.You are an international student who studies in a college without sports facilities. Write to themanager of a sports club nearby, inquiring about what procedures are needed before you can join the club.(Inquiry)4.During your travel overseas, you left a handbag on the passenger plane. Write a letter to theairline company, explaining the situation and describing the handbag. Also, indicate the way they can possibly solve the problem.(Request)5.You bought a CD player from a local store a few days ago, but now it doesn’t work. Write aletter to the manufacturer, asking them what the problems are and complaining about the attitude of the shop assistant. Also tell them how they can handle the situation.(Complaint)6.You are a local student who has moved to a new neighborhood where there is an extremelylarge tree just in front of your doorway. Write a letter to the local authority, complaining about the problems the big tree has brought to your life.(Complaint)7.Write a letter to invite one of your friends to attend a large celebration at your home. State thereasons why the celebration is held and all the details about the celebration. Also, ask your friend to do a favor for you.(Invitation)8.One of the pen friends overseas is going to visit you. However, for some reason, you cannotmeet him/her as previously arranged. Write about your reason, the place where you want him to wait for you, and how he/she can recognize you.(Apology)9.You are a college student taking part in a research project. Write a letter to a local museum,asking them to provide essential materials. Give the details of your project and specify the required materials.(Request)10.During your business trip to another city, you met an attendant on the train who treated youwith very impolite manners. Write a letter to the railway authority, complaining about the bad attitude and poor service of that attendant.(Complaint)11.You have just received good news related with your family. Write a letter to one of yourfriends, explain the reason for writing. Also, tell him/her the details of the good news and why you are so excited about it.(Explanation)12.You are an international student who has been arranged by your university to live with a localfamily. However, for some reason, you are not satisfied with the accommodation. Write a letter to your university, explaining about the situation and asking for a rearrangement.(Request)13.You are organizing a business meeting, and you should write to people from other companiesand tell them the changes of the meeting (time, location, etc.). You can (1) explain why you have to make changes, (2) tell them the changes, and (3) apologize for the changes. (Apology)14.Someone wrote an article in the newspaper criticizing a new movie. Write a letter to the authorto express your disapproval, explaining why you disagree with his or her opinion.(Explanation)15.You have a friend who will go on holiday to a town which you know very well. Please write aletter to him/her including these contents: (1) recommend a place to live (2) what things he/she can do there (3) the weather conditions there.(Recommendation)16.You want to ask a friend of yours to visit you for the first time and live at your home for ashort period. Write a letter of invitation, suggesting him to bring essential things and what he can do during his visit.(Invitation)17.You are an international student who has rented an apartment on campus. Recently youdamaged something in one of your rooms. Write to the school authorities, explaining how the damage was caused, offering some solution and apologizing for the inconvenience.(Apology)18.Your company is going to have a working weekend in a hotel. Write a letter to the hotel staffabout what you need. You need to introduce yourself, tell them your plan and requirements of。
雅思写作全解析(最全) PPT
2.8 小作文主体段顺序
2.9 小作文结尾段写法
Ending 轻松写
Ending 轻松写
• The line chart illustrates the data about people at a London subway station from 6 am to 10pm.
2.10 派图介绍
2. 小作文透析及派图解析
2.1 小作文总体审题特点
2.1.1 审题
2.1.2 构思
2.2 小作文写作必备能力
2.3 小作文考点热点
数据类图表为主导 派图：占有 线图：趋势，速度 柱图：比对 表格：数据分析
2.4 小作文综合预测
• 关注公共邮箱
2.5 小作文注意事项
2.6 小作文开头段写法
1.8 书写格式
1.9 评分标准说明
• Task Response • 是否涵盖要点；是否切题、合理 • Coherence and Cohesion • 句语句、段与段的衔接 • Lexical Resources • 用词的准确性和灵活性 • Grammatical Range and Accuracy • 语法多样性和准确性
1.4.1 非数据类图表题
• 9/48 19% • Map • Diagram • Flow
1.5 大作文基本情况
• 1.5.1 议论类 • 1.5.2 说明类
1.5.1 议论类
• Discuss both views and give your own opinion
• Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages • 怎样的观点“正确”？ • 怎样写顺手？
1.1.1 官方信息来源
雅思写作大作文话题词汇整理全文剖析
可编辑修改精选全文完整版雅思写作大作文话题词汇目录1.教育-教育体系-学校科目-学生能力-出国留学-课堂内外-教学方式-学习效果2.政府-政府措施-法律法规及犯罪-农业及生产-经济及商业-医疗3.科技4.社会生活-人际交流-服装-食品-社区-工作-建筑-交通-消费-旅游-娱乐-明星文化-传统文化5.城市化及全球化-全球问题-慈善6.环境-环境及能源-污染及环保7.媒体教育教育体系adopt measure 采取措施cultivate/foster/nurture talent 培养人才university entrance standard 大学入学标准educational status 教育水平liberal/ general education 通才教育specialized education 专科教育technical expertise 专业知识技能primary education 小学教育/初等教育secondary education 中学教育postsecondary education 高中后教育higher/ tertiary education 高等教育undergraduate 本科academic qualification/ credential 学历bachelor degree 学士学位postgraduate 研究生master degree 硕士学位educational institution 教育机构vocational and technical education职业教育技术教育further education 继续教育lifelong learning 终身学习“one size fits all" model 万能模式intellectual elite 文化精英学校科目apply theory 应用理论evaluate 评价curriculum 学校课程course-subject 课程compulsory subjects 必修课selective subjects 选修课a wide range of 广泛的divide evenly 平均分配give priority to 优先考虑comprehensive school 综合学校selective school 重点学校independent school 私立学校theory / principle 理论/原理concept 概念theoretical knowledge 理论知识practical/specialist/professional knowledge专业知识discipline 学科engineering 工科science 理科arts 文科学生能力be addicted to 沉迷于concentrate on / focus on 专注于distract-distraction 分散attract--attraction 吸引weakness and strength 优缺点、优劣势overall/rounded development 全面发展intellectual development 智力发展develop talents 发展天赋develop skills 培养技能exploit potential 开发潜能comprehensive skills 综合能力academic performance 成绩literacy 读写能力cognitive skills 认知能力academic skills 学术能力research skills 研究能力problem-solving skills 解决问题的能力analytical skills 分析能力critical thinking skills 思辨能力logic thinking 逻辑思维computer literacy 电脑能力leadership skills 领导能力practical skills 实操能力leadership qualities 领导的素质organisational skills 组织能力sharpen skills/add to the skill set 丰富技能uniqueness 独特性creativity 创造力appreciation of beauty 对美的欣赏reach their full potential 充分发挥潜力motivation 动力，积极性出国留学enrich experience 丰富阅历abundant experience 丰富的阅历go overseas 到国外study abroad 出国学习in a globalised world 在全球化的世界中from diverse backgrounds 来自不同背景master another language 精通另一门语言pick up a foreign language 学习一门外语fluent in the first language 母语流利immerse 浸泡language skills 语言能力multinational enterprises 跨国企业prestigious universities 著名大学expand horizons 开阔视野have a broader view of life 人生的视野更加开阔experience the world 感受世界课堂内外admission to university 入学start school 开始上学attendclasses/courses 上课acquire/obtain/gain knowledge 获得知识use imagination 运用想象力do some activities 做活动extra-curricular activities 课外活动develop positive habits 培养良好的习惯stimulate one's interest 激发兴趣from an early age 从幼年开始maintain discipline 维持纪律parenting styles 父母管教的方式behavioural problems 行为问题a clear code of conduct 明确的行为规范grounding and detention 罚站和留堂prepare for exams 准备考试revise for exams 复习备考exam factories 考试工厂(只关注考试的地方)exam grades/results 考试成绩do homework 做家庭作业pursue a hobby 追求爱好combine work with pleasure 劳逸结合peer pressure 同辈的压力praise/commend 赞美表扬blame/criticize 责备批评interaction互动，互相作用leisure activities 休闲活动campus life/facilities 校园生活/ 设施教学方式rote learning 死记硬背in-depth study 深入学习attend online courses 上网课adjust /modify method/approach 调正方法provide individual guidance/instruction提供个性化指导be tailored to students’ needs满足个性化的需要create learning environment 创造学习环境psychological interference/intervention心理干扰impair creativity 有损创造力interrupt learning 打断学习immediate feedback 及时反馈time arrangement 时间安排participate=get involved in= be engaged in 参与comprehensive education 全面教育cultivate/ foster/ nurture 培养challenging 有挑战性的,有难度的career-oriented 以职业为导向的政府政府措施government intervention 政府介入government action 政府行为government funding 政府投资launch a campaign 发起宣传活动introduce laws 颁布法律make laws 制定法律tighten regulations on 加强监管reinforce/strengthen 加强surveillance/supervision 监控impose a tax on (在某方面)征税taxation 征税/税收implement project/plan/program 实施计划anti-corruption 反腐败social obligation 社会义务,责任collect/survey public opinion 征集民意safety measures 安全措施maintain national stability 维护国家稳定abuse/strain privilege/power/authority 滥用权利government monopoly 国家垄断national security 国家安全法律法规及犯罪private property 私有财产issue legislation 颁布法规sound legal system 健全的法律体制criminal justice 司法公正make laws / legislate 立法formulate/ enact policy 制定/颁布政策enforce the law 执法take effect 奏效abide by the law/ comply with/ conform to 守法break the law / commit a crime 违法/犯罪curb crime 遏制犯罪prevent crime 阻止犯罪combat crime 打击犯罪a deterrent effect 威慑作用catch criminals 抓捕罪犯violate laws 触犯法律an escaping criminal 在逃罪犯escape punishment 逃避惩罚armed police 武装警察carry weapons 携带武器pay a fine 支付罚款serve a prison term 服刑vocational/job training 职业培训surveillance cameras 视频监控threaten social security 威胁社会安全satisfy selfish desire 满足私欲violate privacy 侵犯隐私practise deception on the public 欺骗大众violate dignity 侵犯尊严victim 受害者violence 暴力juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪detention center 管教中心correctional education 矫正教育criminal/offender/convict/prisoner/inmate 罪犯ex-prisoner/ released prisoners/ former inmate 出狱的犯人first-time offender 初犯repeatcriminal/ recidivist 惯犯criminalrecord 犯罪记录free man 自由人crime rate 犯罪率kidnap 绑架theft 偷盗revenge 报复criminal tendency 犯罪倾向be brought to justice 绳之以法be imprisoned/ be jailed 监禁be deprived of 被剥夺…release 释放punishment/ penalty/ sentence 惩罚surveillance 监视，看守organized crime 有组织犯罪corruption 腐败the authorities 权利机构农业及生产increase yields 增加产量cultivate/grow crops 种庄稼a good harvest 收成很好chemical fertiliser 化肥apply pesticides 使用杀虫药pest disease 病虫害genetic engineering 基因工程high-yield 高产量的productivity 生产力product 产品production 生产productive 多产的，有成效的livestock 家畜arable land 可耕地industrialized farming 工业化畜牧farm / agricultural product 农产品tariff 关税labour cost 劳动力成本mass production 规模生产stream line 流水线经济及商业competitive advantages 竞争优势intense competition 激烈的竞争supply 供给demand需求meet the demand 满足需求a niche market 小众市场stand out from the crowd 脱颖而出set up a company 创立一个公司run a successful business 经营一个成功的生意running cost 运营成本financial records 财务记录make profits 赚取利润go bankrupt 破产good value for money 性价比很高ROI = return of investment 投资回报costreduction measures 减少成本的措施business plans 商业计划economic value 经济价值outsourcing 外包capitalinflow 资金流入invest/investment 投资human /intellectual capital 人力/人才资本occupy market share 占有市场份额commercial / economic 商业的/ 经济的conduct operations 运营monopolize垄断monopoly 垄断医疗stay healthy 保持健康prevent from disease/illness 预防疾病sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式endanger health 危害健康harmful to health 对健康有危害improve physical health 促进身体健康heart diseases 心脏病respiratory disease 呼吸道疾病cancer 癌症side effect 副作用obesity 肥胖问题prone to health problem 容易有健康问题mental hygiene 心理健康balanced nutrition 均衡营养sanitation 卫生设备life expectancy 平均寿命therapy/treatment 治疗方法minor medical complaint 小毛病fatal 致命的heart attack 心脏病high blood pressure 高血压epidemic 传染病regular physical check-up 定期体检physical injury 受伤eating healthily 健康饮食nutrition--nutrient --nutritious 营养fat 脂肪fiber 纤维protein 蛋白质vitamins 维生素carbohydrate 碳水化合物calories 热量health cost 医疗费用see doctors 看医生animal tests 动物实验animal experiments 动物实验conduct experiments 做实验develop a new drug 研发一种新药medical tests 药物实验medical products 医用品medical advance/ breakthrough 医学进步/ 突破科技technological advances 科技的进步scientific institutions 科学机构technological innovations 技术的创新technological breakthroughs 技术突破new technology 新技术cutting-edge technology 高新技术hi-tech industry 高新技术产业mobile devices 移动设备computer games 电脑游戏computer skills 电脑技能connectto the Internet 联网downloadsoftware 下载软件online communication tools 在线交流工具store information 存储信息process documents 处理文件produce videos 制作视频watch videos online 在网上看视频social networking websites/social media 社交媒体网站video chat programme 视频聊天软件replacement/upgrade 更新换代popularisation of computers 电脑的普及digital television 数字电视information overload 信息超载telecommunication 远程通讯updated information 最新信息communicate and exchange information 交流信息transfer/deliver data 传递数据explore unknown realm/field 探索未知领域space exploration 太空探索space technology 太空技术space science 太空科学AI / artificial intelligence 人工智能robotic technology 机器人科技machine learning 机器学习autonomous learning 自主学习self-driving automobile 自动驾驶汽车database 数据库facial recognition 面部识别virus invade/harass 病毒侵扰社会生活人际交流social rules 社会规则social norms 社会规范social etiquette 社交礼仪public places/spaces 公共场所face-to-face communication 面对面交流communication skills 交流能力interpersonal relationship 人际关系facial expression 面部表情body language 肢体语言interpret messages 解释信息;翻译信息misunderstandings 误解listen to others 倾听别人a sign of respect 以示尊敬a good communicator 擅长沟通的人a good listener 一个好的听众form strong relationships 形成牢固的关系family life 家庭生活family activity 家庭活动social activity 社交活动quality time 宝贵时光family commitments 家庭责任family ties 家庭关系a sense of loneliness 孤独感emotional support 情感上的支持a sense of isolation 孤立感circle of friends 朋友圈build up a network of contacts 建立关系网cultural conflicts 文化冲突culture shock 文化冲击marginalization 边缘化fit-in / adapt to 适应national identity 民族特征cultural assimilation 文化趋同性cultural integration 文化融合服装follow a dress code 遵守着装要求wear uniforms 穿制服dress formally 穿着正式casual dress 休闲服装make a good impression 留下好印象食品cook a meal 做饭cooking skills 做饭技能life skills 生活技能prepare meals 准备饭菜fruit and vegetable 水果和蔬菜a healthy diet 健康的饮食a balanced diet 均衡的饮食fast food 快餐soft drink 碳酸饮料fresh ingredients 新鲜的食材food prices 食品价格GM food 转基因食品社区urban planning 城市规划densely populated cities 人口很多的城市low-density neighbourhoods 低建筑密度的社区provincial towns 乡镇state housing 福利房land-scarce cities 土地稀缺域市urbanization 城市化public gardens 公共花园工作present a professional image 展现专业形象job market 就业市场labourmarket 劳动力市场jobopportunities 就业机会handle complaints 处理投诉improve job skills 提高工作能力apply skills to work 将技能用于工作increase productivity 增加产出tackle problems creatively 有创造性地解决问题concentrate on work 专注于工作foster innovation 促进创新create/make profits 创造利润workload 工作量work-life balance 工作和生活的平衡managerial skills 管理技能business leaders 商业领袖earn a decent income 有体面的收入achieve career success 实现职场成功teleworking / telecommuting / work athome 远程办公attend meetings 开会lose job 失去工作outof work 失业a sense of belonging 归属感mental and physical work 脑力和体力劳动work load 工作量working environment 工作环境working conditions 工作条件job satisfaction 工作满意度jobsecurity 工作稳定性loyalty 忠诚personal ambition 个人野心flexible patterns of work 灵活的工作模式working relationship 工作关系a steady career 稳定的职业job prospect 工作前景competency 称职，能力working experience 工作经验career enthusiasm 事业热情建筑historic building 历史建筑historic site 历史遗址heritage building 古建筑cultural attraction 文化胜地cultural site 文化遗址architectural landmark 建筑地标architectural treasure 建筑瑰宝residential buildings 住宅楼accommodation 空间，住所capacity 容量high-rise buildings 高层建筑demolish old buildings 拆除老房子aesthetic value 美学价值交通vehicle 交通工具transport/ ship 运输flight 航班aviation航空业traffic jam/ congestion 交通拥堵commute 通勤rush hour 高峰期air transport 空运airline industry 航空业reduce traffic congestion 减少交通阻塞cope with traffic jams 处理交通阻塞congestion tax 交通阻塞税rush- hour traffic 高峰期的交通travel by car 开车旅行cycle to work 骑自行车去上班walking distance 步行距离driving test 驾照考试driving license 驾驶执照car use 小汽车的使用car ownership 拥有汽车fuel tax 汽油税broadenroads 扩宽道路buildnew roads 修路public transport 公共交通travel by air 坐飞机travelby tube 坐地铁private car use 私家车的使用means/ modes of travel 旅行方式daily commuters 上班族travel a long distance 走很长的路程消费consumer societies 消费型社会throw-away society 浪费型社会buy more than needed 买的东西多过自己需要的over-consumption 过度消费spend more than earned 入不敷出excess shopping 过度购物get into debt 负债pay off debts 还清债务financial problems 经济问题economic pressure 经济压力affordability 购买力stimulate consumption 刺激消费旅游tourism 旅游业tourist/ traveller 游客tourist destination 旅游胜地cultural attraction 文化胜地travel by air 坐飞机出行air fares 机票费用travel expenses 差旅费on holiday 度假tourist attractions 旅游景点make a trip 进行一次旅行worth a visit 值得去看看cultural site 文化遗址cultural heritage 文化遗产a memorable experience 一次难忘的经历visual experience 视觉体验娱乐musical shows 音乐表演the film industry 电影行业special effects 特技效果box office 票房filmmakers 电影人(制片人)produce high-quality films 制作高质量的电影domestically produced films 国产电影locally produced films 当地制作的电影明星文化self-made celebrities 依靠自己努力而出名的人achieve fame 成名start from scratch 白手起家become world famous 变得世界闻名lead a life of luxury 过奢侈的生活prestigious cars 豪车designer clothes 名牌衣服extravagant parties 奢华的派对set a good/bad example 树立好/坏的榜样role models 楷模positive role models 正面的榜样cultivate image 打造人设a good influence 积极的影响emulate idols 模仿偶像admire celebrities 美慕名人pursue material goods 追求物质famous entertainers 有名的娱乐圈人士movie stars 电影明星pop singers 流行歌手famous sportspeople 著名运动员devoted fans 忠实粉丝sports stars 体育明星scandal 丑闻传统文化protect/preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产cultural treasures 文化宝藏cultural exchange 文化交流dominant culture 主流文化advance of the humanities 人文科学的进步conservation of cultural relics 保护文物historical interest 古迹stereotype 陈规老套superstition 迷信cultural heritage 文化遗产traditional / conventional 传统的城市化及全球化社会问题food shortage 食物短缺discrimination 歧视gender discrimination 性别歧视violence 暴力、动武bias 偏见gender equality 性别平等housing shortage 住房短缺economic recession/an economic crisis 经济危机population ageing 老龄化concern about news/affair/business 关心时事give high priority to 高度重视official statistics 官方统计social division 社会分工agedpeople 老年人ageing population 老龄人口working population 劳动力人口immigration 移民retirement age 退休年龄civil society 文明社会energy crisis 能源危机drug issue 毒品问题overpopulation 人口过剩population explosion 人口爆炸political unrest 政治动荡famine 饥荒poverty 贫穷the gap between rich and poor 贫富差距global warming 全球暖化慈善charitable organisations 慈善组织charity work 慈善工作charity groups 慈善团体donate money 捐钱raise funds 筹钱fund-raising 筹资mobilise resources 调拨资源international aid 国际援助give a helping hand 给予帮助gain support 获得帮助medical aid 医疗救助people in need 有需要的人people who live in poverty 生活贫穷的人low income families 低收入家庭get rid of poverty 摆脱贫穷reduce poverty 减少贫穷impoverished countries 贫穷国家Third World countries 第三世界的国家humanism 人道主义环境环境及能源environmental issues 环境议题environmental impacts 环境的影响alternative energy sources 可替代能源clean energy 清洁能源renewable 可再生的renewable resources 可再生资源energy conservation 能源保护energy consumption 能源消耗generate electricity 发电natural light 自然光sustainable materials 可持续材料electric cars 电动汽车hybrid cars 混合能源汽车(traditional) fossil fuels 传统化石燃料environmentally friendly materials 环保材料energy-saving technology 节能科技energy conservation 节能natural rule/law 自然规律natural disaster 自然灾害environment deterioration 环境恶化degradation 退化ecosystem 生态系统ecological balance 生态平衡break down 打破wild animals and plants=wild life 野生动植物flora and fauna 动植物群natural resources 自然资源deforestation- reforestation 采伐森林-再造森林food chain 食物链biodiversity 生态多元化chain reaction 连锁反应habitat 栖息地preserve 禁猎区natural selection 自然选择carbon dioxide 二氧化碳the public awareness of environmental protection 大众环保意识conserve- conservation 保护classify 分类recycle 循环raw material 原材料energy saving 节能的purify 净化recycled water 循环水desalination 海水淡化clean energy resources 清洁能源solar energy 太阳能hydro energy 水力dispose 处理decompose/ break down 分解sewage treatment 污水处理waste water/ gas 废水废气discharge/ emit/ pump 排放污染及环保environmental problems 环境问题environmental destruction 环境的破坏cause damage to the environment 对环境造成破坏car emission/exhaust 汽车尾气create exhaust fumes 产生废气toxic/ poisonous 有毒的chemical substance 化学物质industrial waste 工业废物radiation 辐射greenhouse gases 温室气体air pollution 空气污染tackle pollution 解决污染问题air quality 空气质量global warming 全球变暖climate change 气候变化extreme weather conditions 极端天气条件environmentally friendly 环保的environmental protection 环境保护environmental benefits 环境效益live a sustainable life 过环保的生活environmental awareness 环境意识recycle waste 回收垃圾household waste/ rubbish 家庭垃圾animal welfare groups 动物权益团体endangered species 濒危物种become extinct / die out 灭绝extinction 灭绝animal abuse 虐待动物媒体celebrity effect 名人效应Internet censorship 网络审查制度censorship 审查制度automatic supervision 自动监督media coverage 媒体覆盖面copyright infringement 侵犯版权mass media 大众媒体the audience 受众（观众，听众，读者）journalist/reporter 记者correspondent 通讯员、记者vivid picture 生动的画面audio and video effect 视听效果report-coverage 报道insight 洞察comment 评论current affairs 时事informative 信息量大的live TV broadcast 电视直播live streaming 直播advertisement/ commercial 广告endorse 为某产品做广告propaganda 政治宣传campaign for 宣传marketing 市场营销publicize 公开exaggerate 夸大mislead 误导misleading 误导性的deceptive 欺骗性的distorted 歪曲的、受到曲解的violence and pornography 暴力和色情reliable/ trustworthy 可信的in detail 详尽的stereotype/bias 偏见objective 客观subjective 主观的neutral-unbiased-impartial 中立的、公正的media hype 炒作code of ethics 道德准则cable television channels 有线电视频道verification 核实verify 核实。
IELTS-A类&G类大作文写作-讲义
雅思写作A、G类大作文讲义主讲：何刚欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材学术类写作共两道题目，写作任务1和写作任务2。
你必须回答这两道题目。
任务2比任务1分值比重大。
近几年中国学生雅思总分5.4---5.5，写作5.1---5.2雅思议论文How are Task 2 answers assessed?Examiners assess the answers according to these criteria:Task Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position is clear and effective)∙Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organised and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) ∙Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)∙Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task)5分作文要求：对于任务的回应●只是部分回应题目要求，格式在有的地方不得体●有立场，但论证并不总是清晰，可能没写结论●提出了一些主要观点，但这些观点有限，论证不够充分；可能有无关细节连贯与衔接●信息的呈现有些组织，但缺少整体延续性●衔接手段的使用不充分，不准确或者过度●缺少指代和替换关系，导致重复●没有分段，或者分段不充分词汇资源●词汇有限，仅仅满足最低要求●在拼写和构词法方面有明显错误，以至于导致阅读的部分困难语法结构的范围和准确性●只能使用有限的句型●试图使用复杂句，但准确度不如简单句●语法和标点经常错误，这些错误导致阅读部分困难6分作文要求：对于任务的回应●回应题目要求，虽然有的部分涵盖不够完整●立场切题，虽然结论可能不清晰或重复●主要观点切题，但有的观点可能论证不够充分或不清晰连贯与衔接●信息和观点组织连贯；文章有延续性●衔接手段使用有效，但是句子内部和句子之间的衔接可能有误或过于机械●指代关系可能不能总是清晰、合理地使用●有分段，但不总是有逻辑性词汇资源●使用适当范围的词汇●试图使用较不常见词汇，但有一些不准确●在拼写和构词法上有错误，但这些错误不至于影响交际语法结构的范围和准确性●能使用简单和复杂句子结构●语法和标点出现一些错误，尽管这些错误很少导致交流障碍。
雅思新东方写作笔记整理
一、概括：1.写作考试介绍：Time: 60mins 20mins TASK1 150words40mins TASK2 250words2.考试题型：TASK1Process 和Introduction 题目罕见出现。
TASK2I. DiscussEg: 2005年7月9日Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but other people do not think it the government’s responsibility. Discuss both and give your opinion.II. Advantages and DisadvantagesEg: 2005年5月14日Some school leavers go to travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university. What are the advantages and disadvantages for their studies?III. Agree or DisagreeEg: 2005年6月25日People think that the news media has influenced people’s lives nowadays, and it is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?IV. Your OpinionEg: 2005年3月5日Some academic subjects are useful for children’s future career while others such as music and sports are not so useful. What is your opinion. Give your reasons.V. Problem, Reasons and SolutionsEg: 2005年1月22日Statistics suggest that nowadays an increasing number of crimes are committed by the young people. Explain the reasons for this and give solutions.二、小作文解析（T ASK 1）：1．通用格式：⑴OPENING—1SENTENCE--- A. Paraphrase 5W& B. Overall trendⅠ.Line phasesⅡ.Pie classificationⅢ.Bar the gap between A&Be.g. The graphs and charts tell us a clear overview of the characteristics and trends of……It can be seen from the table that…..详细见白书P6/下，“Referable IELTS Writing opening &writing”●RULE 1：A.不可以抄题目B.不可以写“According to ….”，只能写“In that figure….”C.不可以写“below/following”D.不可以写“that/this”E.第一段不出现数据⑵ENDING--- 1SENTENCE--- A. Repetition / FeatureB. Hidden characteristics(查找图表等中的隐性特质)e.g. What is worth mentioning is that since the overall percentages exceeded100%.It can be indicated that some adults chose several seasons forstudy.C. Exception (All rise, with the exception of A, a decline by…..) 拿高分的同位语D. No ending (多可爱的结尾啊，当然前提是字数够了)⑶BODY --- 6-8SENTENCES A. 整体趋势：分阶段描述（白书P7）e.g. The number of marriage in Scotland fell very sharply between 1960 and 1970, andcontinued to decline until around 1985 though at a slower rate. From 1985onwards there was a gradual increase in the number of marriage which leveled offin 1984.B．导入数据方式：整体趋势+数字（白书P8）●RULE 2：A.不可以有Objective (主观意见)B.不可以出现“cause\therefore\thus\hence”C.不可以用“I/We”等D.用TIME（时间）做主语会有高分e.g. The past decade saw/witnessed a dramatic/moderate/gentle increase of sth.白书P11/ Recite increase n / a.b.c●RULE 3: CAREFULB．用1分钟—看Rubric、X/Y轴、单位、图例、排列顺序。
雅思写作讲义汇总
雅思写作精编2011上半年讲义——张凯轩目录I. 写作评分标准II. 小作文类型介绍III. 小作文线状图及变化IV. 小作文表格图及变化V. 小作文多图结合VI. 小作文地图流程图VII. 大作文类型介绍VIII. 大作文常用学术词IX. 大作文单边论现象题句型，思路及范文X. 大作文单边论观点题句型，思路及范文XI. 大作文双边观点题句型，思路及范文XII. 大作文原因解决论句型，思路及范文XIII. 大作文杂论〔个性化议论文〕句型，思路及范文XIV. 张老师2011年下半年总预测24题，部分题思路分解XV. 对学员的期待和继续学习的方法XVI. 附件一：小作文图集XVII. 附件二：大作文真题集写作评分标准以及考试要求知己知彼我们首先了解雅思写作考试方需要什么IELTS Writing 首先分2个sectionSection I: Figure Writing or Diagram or Maps通常评分比例：40%考试理想时间安排10-15minutes 最多耗时不超过20minutes字数要求：150Section II：British Essay Writing通常评分比例：60%考试理想时间安排30-40minutes 最多耗时不超过45minutes字数要求：250雅思作文有4大评分标准Task Response就是答复下列问题，具体来讲，在最理想的状态下要做到以下3点1. 明确主题2. 全面论证3. 事实论证观点以下题为例2010-12-04: In the past, important knowledge about culture and history was stored in museums. Nowadays, information is freely available on the Internet. Therefore, there is no longer any need for museums.To what extent do you agree or disagree?明确主题：不太同意全面论证：有正方—确实有越来越多的‘虚拟博物馆’，他们还有好处…；另外也有反方—传统博物馆除了让人看，还保存文物，有些还是历史性或地标性建筑…。
雅思大作文方法-新东方老师整理推荐（全）.
雅思大作文方法-新东方老师整理推荐（全）.一.思大作文的15大考察内容考察频率最高专题：1. 教育：儿童，中学，大学教育体制和方法2. 科技发展对生活的影响3.文化的组成因素和保护4.生活方式的转变和社会观念5. 全球化及其影响6. 环境问题和环境保护7. 政府投资考察次重点专题：1. 艺术的价值2.媒体的作用3.广告的影响4.动物的保护和动物实验5.城乡差距和城市化6.犯罪7.弱势群体：妇女的权利，妇女参军8.体育雅思写作错误检查表（10条）1.使用了正确的语法结构：时态语态，主谓一致，从句，用词准确(名词，动词，形容词的形式)，介词，冠词2.句式有变化3.使用了一定量的词汇4. 拼写没有错误5. 观点明确，语意精准不模糊6. 每段主题句都表明了该段中心思想，所有拓展句支持句都紧扣主题7. 大量的过渡性词语(逻辑连接词)，使句子间和段落间都具有逻辑性和条理性8. 提供了足够的细节，例子或论据9. 每一段话都得到充分展开10. 每一段话都紧扣文章主题如何应用：a.1347当做检查项目，其他当做考前提醒b.时间紧，就改第一段和每段的前两句话三.大作文首段基本写作策略---三步走1.转述背景，扩展题目(setting/ background information )：把题目所提供的背景再用自己的话拓展转述同义替换一下题目：It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sports or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to be a good sports person or musician.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.考官写的开头段：The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sports, art or music.2. 说明意图(statement of purposes)：写作意图=你的立场或者观点，争取用一句话说明你的观点，位置可以是在首段的最后一句3. 提及下文，分支观点的罗列和总结(summary of main points):对主要观点用短语或者短句形式进行总结概括注意：一般情况下包括前两步就可以了，第三步视情况而定.句子个数不是绝对的开头段写作套路赏析It is inevitable that as technology develops, so traditionalculture must be lost. Technology and tradition are incompatible, you cannot have both together. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?开头段1：It is a fact of life that the advance of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. (背景转述) In my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper progress and should be abandoned. Moreover, it is natural that people should want to find new ways of doing things .(写作意图) It is a fact of life that…这是现实中的事实….It is natural that…很自然….It is quite common these days that…目前很普遍的是….开头段2：It is an undeniable fact that scientific and technological developments have brought considerable benefits to every walk of life. Especially since the Industrial Revolution took place, our lives have been made much more convenient by inventions such as trains, airplanes and computers. (背景转述) But I think that the loss of our traditional culture is too high a price to pay for it. (写作意图)1. It is an undeniable fact that…不可否认的是…2. A is too high a price to pay for BA对于B来说是一个巨大的代价The environmental deterioration and destruction are too high a price for our economic growth.四.议论文五大题型分类和写作套路(一)讨论型discuss题目表述：Discuss both views and give your own opinion.讨论正反两方面观点并给出你的观点例如:题目1Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.题目2：Some people believe that culture will be ruined if it is used to earn tourism revenue, but others consider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.讨论型discuss写作套路套路1.两方平衡式---两个观点公平讨论开头段：不表达个人观点立场主体段1:反方观点(你不倾向的观点)--2点理由主体段2:正方观点(你相对倾向的观点)-- 2点理由结尾段：方法1---你同意其中一个观点方法2---都同意套路2. 一方倾向式---两个观点不公平讨论开头段：表达个人观点或立场主体段1:详谈正方观点(你相对倾向的观点) ----2-3点理由主体段2:简谈反方观点(你不倾向的观点) ----1-2点理由结尾段：重申你的观点或立场文章布局及思路练习题目1---犯罪类Some people believe that there should be fixed punishmentsfor each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.正方观点—惩罚固定1.Fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society.(对…有威慑作用) , accomplishthe purpose of deterrence2.Guarantee / ensure social stability and security to a large extent3. A sign of the triumph of good over evil4.fixed punishment to each type of crime could raise individuals’awareness of obeying thelaw.反方观点—惩罚不固定1.Taking the circumstances and motivation of a crime into account is a prerequisite for establishing and ensuring justice and equity.绿色部分：同类信息大量携带（并列）前提,先决条件：precondition, premise, prerequisite在….的前提下: under the premise precondition / prerequisite of2.Some kinds of crimes should be taken differently, such as self-defense and manslaughter.自我防卫和过失杀人3. Criminal laws have to provide minimum and maximum penalties惩罚for the punishment and the law also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. 免除，豁免文章布局及思路练习题目2---旅游类Some people believe that culture will be ruined if it is usedto earn tourism revenue, but others consider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.正方观点---旅游业有益于文化保护1.Intergrating tourism and cultural heritage could provide economic incentives for protecting culture.economic incentives = financial support2. Museums, historical sites and ruins enable the visitors to get a deep insight into local customs and practices, experience local traditions , art and heritages, respect the host community and its environment , promote the dialogue over natural and cultural resources between different countries.反方观点---旅游业有害于文化保护1. Tourism creates pollution and waste. The rubbish discarded by travelers would have a negative impact on / do harm to / do great damage to the tourist spots and local cultural ruins.2. Excessive building (roads, hotels etc.) destroys natural habitats and spoils the landscape.3.Local traditions may be lost due to the exotic cultural conflicts.4.Traditional jobs and skills die out (e.g. farming, fishing).5. Local people are forced to work in the tourist industry, which would take their attention and vigor away from the cultural conservation.(二).同意与否型agree or disagree题目表述：Do you agree or disagree…?To what extent do you agree or disagree?考试重点例如:题目1It is often said that the subjects taught in schools are too academic in orientation and that it would be more useful for children to learn about practical matters such as home management, work and interpersonal skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?题目2：Some people think that stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the road. To what extent do you agree or disagree?同意与否型agree or disagree写作套路开头段：明确表达个人观点立场辩护段：用2-3个理由(分支论点)为自己立场辩护, 每个分支论点后紧跟2-3句支持句让步段：承认对方观点有好处(1句)并解释(1-2句)，然后指出其缺陷并进一步修正它或提出改进建议(1-2句)结尾段：重申立场并引申展望文章布局及思路练习题目1---教育类Education used to be a short period of training, but today, people treat it like a lifelong practice. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?接受终生教育的理由1.In order to survive in the fierce competition out of society, people need to receive reeducation to improve qualification and obtain specialized expertise or all-round ability.2. People’s education concept is in transition, students are not confined to a certain age group and everyone could choose the way of study suitable to himself .3. Value of life, self-value, self-worth,自我价值ambition, quest for knowledge求知欲and spiritual needs motivate / urge / stimulate / spur 促使people to pursue lifelong education.让步：教育可以是短期的1.Some kinds of schooling could be accomplished in a relatively short period, such aslanguage training, or computer skills training.2.For some relatively impoverished / poverty-stricken families, a short-term education ismuch more affordable and accessible.文章布局及思路练习题目2---政府职能类There is now an increasingly tolerant attitude towards homosexuality in society, especially in the west. Some governments should change the law to allow homosexual marriages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?同意特殊癖好者结婚1.Effectively slow down the birth rate and population growth.2.Is good for eliminating discrimination against homosexuals in general.3.Ensure the justice and equity of society and civic rights.4.Lighten the spiritual burden and kill the loneliness of the homosexuals不同意特殊癖好者结婚1.As gay or lesbian couples are unlikely to have children, there is no real necessity for theright to marry ---marriage is the grave of love.2.Most of the major religions in the world, such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism frownupon homosexuality.frown upon:不赞同，不批准(三).比较优缺点型advantages and disadvantages题目表述：Advantages and disadvantagesBenefits and dangersStrengths and weaknessMerits and drawbacksPositive and negative例如:题目1In order to improve the quality of education, students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers. Do you think the advantages of this practice outweigh its disadvantages?题目2：Nowadays, more and more students choose to pursue their advanced study in foreign countries. Discuss the merits and drawbacks of studying abroad.比较优缺点型写作套路开头段：先不用表达个人立场主体段1：论述advantages主体段2：论述disadvantages结尾段：表达个人立场文章布局及思路练习题目1—教育类In order to improve the quality of education, students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers. Do you think the advantages of this practice outweigh its disadvantages?学生参与评估老师的好处1.Contribute to the improvement of teaching methods, change the traditional learning by rote 死记硬背or spoon-feed schooling.填鸭式学习，boost students-centered / students-oriented education, and eventually realize the improvement of instruction.2.Strenghten teacher-and-student interaction and relationship, open up a heart-to-heart dialogue between the teachers and students, which could not only enhance theteaching quality of the teachers but also contribute to the psychological growth of the pupils.3. Evaluation from the students may be the most effective way, for students could judge whether the teaching is productive or not according to the increased knowledge, comprehension , motivation and result.学生参与评估老师的坏处1.The evaluation could contain prejudice and personal willingness, which could disrupt the normal teaching process.2. result in a loss of respect for the teachers and discipline in the classroom.3.cause the phenomenon that some teachers would cater to 迎合the students and distort the education content, which will make education lose prestige and original purposes.文章布局及思路练习题目2---留学类Nowadays, more and more students choose to pursue their advanced study in foreign countries. Discuss the merits and drawbacks of studying abroad.店铺的优点1.Immerse into 融入an environment that can aid languages learning2.Expand one’s outlook, experience diverse culture, local customs and practices, match theneed of this shrinking world.3. Make full use of the advanced teaching and experimental facilities to improve academic level4. Promote academic communication5.Cultivate the ability of living alone and confidence，lay a solid foundation for the future 店铺的缺点1.Cause cultural conflicts, difficult to assimilate接受a newculture2.overcome difficulty in daily life, feel lonely and depressed3.High financial expense, including cost of living and tuition fees/doc/3318368717.html,plicated groundwork before going abroad, including visa, passport and IELTS is highly time-consuming(四)个人观点型opinion题目表述：What is your opin ion about…?What do you think of …?How do you think about…?个人观点型写作套路此种题目写法较灵活，你的回答可以是正面也可以是反面，还可以从正反两方面论述最便捷的写作套路：转移成同意与否型agree or disagree写作套路文章布局及思路练习—动物类Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing that it causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it necessary because it can promote the scientific development. What is your opinion?同意用动物做实验1.Human could not find better replacements / alternatives of animals at the present time.2.Human interests should be placed abo ve animals’welfare 健康, 幸福, 繁荣, 福利3.Animal experimentation contributes to / is conducive to有助于scientific progress andbreakthrough不同意用动物做实验1.Over exploitation of animals to do experiment would disrupt the biological chain andeven the ecological balance2.Animals have the right of life生存权like human3.Some people use animals to pursue commercial benefits rather than experimentalpurposes(五).问题分析型problem+reasons+recommendations题目表述：What caused this problem, and what solutions can solve this problem?一般会出现reason, cause, problem, effect, suggestion, solution, recommend, recommendation, what等词(但what extent do you agree or disagree和what is your opinion 除外) 问题分析型写作套路开头段：背景拓展+改写题目主体段1：列出2-3个原因，每个原因后支持句1-2句主体段2：列出2-3个解决方案，每个方案支持句1-2句结尾段：总结原因和解决方案文章布局及思路练习---环境类We have developed into a “throw-away society”and are filling up our environment with plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. What are the causes of this phenomenon and recommend some measures to reduce this problem.原因1.population growth-----the increase of material needs----the increment增长,增量，增加of rubbish2.Disposable items---disposable chopsticks3. Low awareness of waste issues among the public4. Lack effective monitor and supervision from relevant departmentsLack 用法1.Vt：lack sthHe lacks sincerity.2. N: lack of sthLack of sincerity is his biggest problem.3. Adj.---Lacking : be lacking in sthHe is lacking in sincerity.解决方案1.Enforce / enact some related laws or rules, step up supervision 加大监管力度2. Raise people’s awareness of preserving environment, reduce the discharge of rubbish.3. Adopt some recycling schemes4. Reduce the use of raw materials原材料总结：分清题型，确定题材题型：五种题型----可以简单归为两大类：1).需要双边讨论:discuss, agree, advantage, opinion2).不需要讨论，需要分析：problem----suggestion换掉被人用烂的恶俗表达1.Pay attention to = lay / place emphasis on …= attach importance to …2.Make / let sb do = enable / allow sb to doMake sb adj.= render sb adj.3.Basis = cornerstone , foundation, groundwork4.Each coin has two sides.=…is a double-edged sword.5.Sth is wrong= sth is unwarranted / unjustified6.Sth is the first thing = give priority to sth7.Be likely to do = tend to do =be inclined to do8.There is no doubt that = It goes without saying that …= it is manifest that ….9.Most likely, = in all likelihood, = as is often the case, 很可能，通常是…10.This trend is common= this trend is not restricted to…..这个现象不仅限于…11. In this side / aspect = in this respect / regard 在这方面12. Most of the time= more often than not, constantly, frequently13.Difficult =painstaking, burdensome, troublesome, formidable, rough, stiff, knottydifficulty= hardship, adversity, obstacle14. Realize= be aware of, be conscious of15. Consider = take…into account , take …into consideration , take account of….16. Help = aid(n, v) / assist (v)/ assistance (n)17. Sb may do = it is standard practice for someone to do 某人通常会…18. Sb should do = sb would be well-advised to do 某人应该做19.A is important to B = A is to B what foundation is to a skyscraper./ water is to fish./ heart isto a man.20.高分合成词范例：time-consuming, time-saving, fast-paced, thought-provoking,attention-getting,environmentally-friendly, decision-maker,fast-changing, well-informed,在高分范文寻找积累，好的表达不是难词，而是巧词妙词，不要显摆专业术语五.雅思大作文审题要素1.找关键词：先确定主语和谓语2.找具有强烈意向的修饰语：adj, adv3.找句子主干:先主句，后从句；先主谓宾，再定状补4.根据题目表述确定文章题型，题材，文章布局5.每个题目至少读3遍例如：Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal of money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.题材：体育媒体类题型：discuss文章布局：四段式--- 开头段反方观点正方观点你的观点六. 雅思议论文开头段写法(一)agree, discuss, advantage, opinion开头段写法：(3句话左右)Sentence 1: background / general statement 背景介绍，引入话题Sentence 2:rephrase the topic / thesis statement 改写题目, 点明论题，两方观点Sentence 3: personal opinion or brief description of the main body 个人观点立场（主体部分的简要介绍）如何写Sentence 1 ---背景句：记住常用句式例:Some people who have been successfully in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree or disagree?背景句范例1：In contemporary society, the importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a topic which has aroused public attention and debate.……已经引起关注，讨论，争议…has aroused / sparked / given rise to / created / caused /provoked / triggered/ invited 引起hot / heated / fierce 热烈的，激烈的debate / discussion / controversy/ concern/ attention 讨论，争议，关注背景句范例2:In the present age, theoretical knowledge is playing a significant part in every walk of life, nevertheless, individuals have had a hard time reaching consensus on whether our success results from the theoretical knowledge learned from universities.reach consensus on…对…达成共识背景句范例3The importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a matter for debate / is a frequent topic of discussion.背景句范例4：Individuals have long been interested in identifying the factors that contribute to personal achievement.背景句常用表达1.In the fast-changing world, heated debate has been going on concerning whether…2.Nowadays, …is a topic of public int erest and concern.3.In the contemporary world, there has been much discussion revolving around the issue ofwhether…4.When it comes to…,people have mixed views on whether…5. Nowadays there is a growing awareness / tendency among the public that …6. It is high time that we explored the truth of…7. Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible that…8. Common sense / Common knowledge tells us that…9. In this fast-paced world, never is the issue concerning(whether)…failing to attract our eyes.10. …is a frequent topic of discussion.首句—背景句写作练习The advertising is discouraging people from being individual and makes people be or seem to be the same. Do you agree or disagree?Discourage: 1. 使气馁; 使沮丧；使泄气 2. 阻碍; 劝阻背景句范例1The influence of advertising on our buying behaviors is a subject matter.Subject matter: 主题，主旨背景句范例2In recent years, much more emphasis than ever before has been placed on the influence of advertising.如何写Sentence 2---改写题目,点明论题改变：句式，同义替换，先后顺序两个原则：1.转述而非照抄题目2.转述定要避免累赘例1:Do you think it is better to send criminals to jail or let them receive education or job training?先练习写首句----背景句第一句：The treatment of criminals has been open to debate in recent years.第二句：Some individuals claim that imprisonment is better than education or job training in treating criminals , while others believe the other way around.believe the other way around:从相反的角度来考虑点明论题常用表达1.When it comes to …some individuals assert / claim / argue that…, while others believe the other way around.2. People hold different / divergent / contrasting / conflicting / contradictory / opposing views / perspectives/ standpoints with reference to / concerning …3.There is a perception that…, while a counterargument is that…4.Currently people in ever-increasing numbers are coming to be aware of the importance of….Some individuals are against and some for it.5. There is no consensus of opinion among the public as to the standpoint of….Some suggest that…, while others argue that…6. …now plays such an essential part in our life tha t it is necessary for us to have a clear perspective of whether it is a blessing or a curse. With every respect taken into account, I believe that …has both merits and demerits.7.Perhaps nothing is more dominant / popular / indispensable / attention-getting than…in the modern world. Obviously, it does some good to us. When we applaud its benefits, nevertheless, it is necessary for us to acknowledge its enormous potential threat / danger / damage / harm to our life.Sentence 3 ---表达个人立场常用表达1.Personally , I am in favor of the former / the latter view.2. From my perspective ,I firmly subscribe to the opinion that…3. As for me, I vote for the standpoint that…4. I am inclined to the point that…5. As far as I am concerned, my favor goes to the point that…6. I am firmly convinced that…7. Personally, I tend to believe that…8. My personal view is that…9. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the two typical views regarding this issue.10. There are some points in both aspects.11. This essay will compare and contrast its benefits and downsides.开头段最后一句承上启下的过渡性句子1.My statement will be justified and exemplified in the following aspects.2. As far as I am concerned, the merits of …fail to justify the demerits. With regard to this issue, a detailed analysis will be provided in the following text from the perspective of my own.3.The reasons for my support of this view are outlined as follows. 牛掰~~~4. There are several points to be listed as follows to justify my perspective.牛掰~~~ Convincing and logical arguments can be made that…..( 可以提出有说服力的证据来证明…….的观点) , and my views are based on the following considerations.牛掰~~~ 开头段写作练习练习1.Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and uses up the world’s resources. Do you agree or disagree?练习1参考开头段答案：There is little room for doubt about the convenience brought by air travel to every walk of life. Nonetheless, with reference to its impact on the environment, no consensus has been arrived at.As far as I am concerned, its benefits fail to justify its harmful effects. A detailed analysis will be provided in the following text from the perspective of my own.练习2.Children in secondary school study international news as a subject, but some think that is a waste of time. Discuss both views.练习2参考开头段答案：International news represents one of the main sources of information from which we discover what is happening around the world. Nevertheless, when it comes to including it in the curriculum in secondary school, there is an ongoing debate. My personal view is that studying international news is of benefits to students.练习3.In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility.What are your opinion on this?练习3参考开头段答案：The issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one. It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is wrong or valuable. Opinions will also differ as to learning benefits: no doubt teachers and factory owners, for example, would have varying concerns.练习4.Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change.Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.练习4参考开头段答案：Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life, and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace with it.考官稀罕用词组~~~1. beyond our wildest expectations超过了我们最狂野的想象，让人吃惊=at a staggering rate2. on an daily basis 以日常的基础，每天3. adapt to: 适应…4. keep pace with…与保持同步，并驾齐驱开头段“四不要”1.不要照搬照抄题目2.不要太累赘冗长，一般3句左右3.不要模板化痕迹太重4.不要出现任何语法和拼写错误，要不考官会吐血的……问题解决型开头段写法：3句话左右Sentence 1: 文章的背景介绍，引入话题（同其他四类开头段写法）Sentence 2:概述造成这一问题的原因Sentence 3:说明文章要讨论的内容例: What are the causes and solutions of problem of the scarcity of water resources? Sentence 1:背景句：Water shortage is one of the most challenging issues to address in many countries on a worldwide scale.on a worldwide scale:在世界范围内Sentence 2:概括原因There are some factors contributing to this problem.Sentence 3:暗示下文In this essay, the most common factors will be discussed and analyzed, followed by some responsible solutions.问题类开头段常用句总结In this age of change, the human society is processing rapidly in various fields. Yet meanwhile, many problems have arisen, an attention-getting / thought-provoking one of which is…. In this essay, some possible causes of this phenomenon will be analyzed and some advisable solutions will be proposed as well from the perspective of my own. Advisable =feasible=available 可取的，可行的，明智的问题类开头段练习1练习：In terms of living standards, there is a gap between living in the city and living in the countryside. What are the reasons in your country and how can the difference be reduced?问题类开头段1练习参考答案In terms of standard of living, the gap between the urban areas and rural areas is wideningat a staggering rate in many nations. There are some factors contributing to this issue. The focus of this essay is to illustrate the causes and explore some relevant and feasible measures to combat this situation.问题类开头段练习2Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?问题类开头段2练习参考答案Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies inemotions and loving personal relationship. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or the relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness. 问题类开头段练习3In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?问题类开头段3练习参考答案Poor students behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think modern lifestyles are responsible for this.七.雅思议论文主体段写法1.主体段总体要求：1）correctness(正确性)：用词句法正确2）coherence & consistency(一致性):前后论证一致，逻辑性好3）cogency(说服力):观点要有力度,紧扣题目2.主体段结构：Topic sentence + Supporting sentences(1)Topic sentence: highlight your central point with one sentence (1 sentence)(2)Supporting sentences：sentences for the extension, explanation and justification of the topic sentences (2—3 sentence)例: Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?例题三个分支观点1.To begin with, one of the major functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find andbuy suitable products.（正面观点1）2.What is also worth noticing here is that advertising servesto stimulate consumption andcontributes to economic development. （正面观点2）3.In spite of its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leadscustomers into an impulsive purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending. （反面观点）3.写分支观点的注意事项1.分支观点要清晰明显: 放在段首2.分支观点之间使用信号词：分支观点之间要有明显的逻辑连接词来彰显清晰的结构和思路3.先重后轻原则: 2-3个论点按照说服力合理排序4.分支观点之间不要语意重复或重叠5.分支观点追求reasonable,不要标新立异4.如何构思分支观点？----万能理由(一)与物相关的话题：1.便利和方便：节省时间，提高效率，加快节奏Convenience : be time-saving, enhance efficiency, quicken the tempo of…2. 经济和发展：带来就业机会，提高就业率，增加税收收入，促进当地经济发展，促进相关产业发展Economy and development: bring job opportunities, raise employment rate, increase tax revenue, promote the progress of local economy and relevant / associated industries3. 安全：食品安全，人身安全，财产安全，社会安全security: food , personal, property, social security4. 空间：过度建设, 占用土地，生活空间减少，人口密集，对当地造成就业，资源，交通各方面压力Space: over construction, occupy land illegally, the decrease of living space, be thickly populated, pose great pressure on employment, resources and traffic。
新东方网络课堂雅思写作task2完整笔记(万能议论写作,基本上包括了老师说的绝大部分内容,听写极其不易)
雅思写作(留学类)——Task 2新东方网络课堂主讲人：张驰新第一节：文章题型判断Task2是考试的重头戏，首先来看审题的过程：浏览文章出题的最后一句话（写作指令句），一个有经验的考生就会这样做，现在现行的考题一共有四种题型：一，discursive （50%）讨论性题型凡是以下五种，都被认为是discursive，前三种回答没有任何限制1, T o what extent do you agree (or disagree)2, How far do you agree (or disagree)3, What`s your opinion towards the statement?4, Discuss both opinions/statements (and give your own one)5, Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?discursive的四种写法：,1，单边同意一个观点2，单边反驳一个观点3，两个观点一起论述，支持观点可以多写一点（有倾向性）4，同时论证两个观点，表示中立（无倾向性）总体来说是两种大的写法，单边写和双边写，单边写就是同意不同意，双边写就是七三开和五五开。
五种类型的后两种就必须使用双边写。
二，agree or disagree（只能单边写）三，PRR（Problem + Reason + Recommendation）why + what 25%给你一个问题，你提出原因和解决方案，这种文法类似why+what，考生在写作过程中一定要注意比例，原因和建议的比例控制在6:4。
Reason : Recorn = 6:4，如果原因很多，建议很少甚至没有那是不可能高于5分的。
这个题型在近几年开始重要记起来，占据25%。
四，A&D（双边写，五五开，保持中立的写法）A: advantageB: disadvantage这样的文法是直接问好坏处，只要把好坏处加在一起，各写50%就到位了，是保持中立的一种写法，本身比较极限，没有自由，最近已经没落了下来，07年也只考了两次。
新东方雅思写作讲义汇总
新东方雅思写作讲义汇总别人的指导是我们成功路上的指路灯，为了帮助大家备考雅思写作，下面小编给大家带来新东方雅思写作讲义汇总，希望喜欢。
新东方雅思写作讲义1雅思写作的12个万能理由及写作思路分享十二大万能理由1 方便 convenience2 情感 feeling(or sensibility)3 经验 experience4 成就 achievement5 效率 efficiency6 健康 health7 节俭 thrift(or save money)8 安全 safety9 性格培养 character cultivation10 乐趣 fun11 耐久endurance12 环保 environment protection部分雅思命题写作思路1. SmokingFor：(means agree or advantages)1. it is pleasurable and relaxing2. it is one's right3. it is difficult to stop smoking6. it makes socializing easier7. it is an important source of tax revenueAgainst: (means disagree or disadvantages)1. it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchialtrouble, lung cancer )2. it is harmful to those nearby4. it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)2. School UniformsFor：1. they eliminate class differences2. they allow students to better concentrate on their studies3. they are popular with parents and administrators4. they are inexpensive5. they are attractive and neat6. they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day7. many countries have themAgainst：1. they are disliked by students (students like to primp)2. they create a military mentality3. they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks)4. they are ugly and childish3. Legalized GamblingFor：1. it is a source of government revenue2. it is an old practice dating back thousands of years3. it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)4. many people play poker and mahjongAgainst：1. it can become addictive2. it can destroy happy families3. it can lead to suicide4. it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )4. City LifeFor：1. it is exciting2. it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores3. it offers many entertainments (e.g., swimming pools, bowlingalleys, and sports stadiums )4. it offers many chances of employment5. cities have an efficient public transportation systemAgainst ：1. it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution in industry )2. it is not a good environment for children3. it is noisy and dangerous4. it makes people nervous5. cities are overcrowded and expensive5. Informing Patients Of CancerFor：1. patient’s right to know2. it is wrong to hide the truth3. it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days4. doctors must do it (in some country like the U. S.)Against：1. it is heartless and cruel2. it may make the patient give up3. it causes depression4. it can lead to suicide新东方雅思写作讲义240个雅思写作常用插入语整理1. indeed 的确2. surely 无疑，3. however 然而，4. obviously 显然，5. frankly 坦率地说，6. naturally 自然，7. luckily (或happily)for sb. 算某人幸运，8. fortunately / luckily 幸好，9. honestly 真的，10. briefly 简单地说，11. strange to say 说也奇怪，12. needless to say 不用说，13. most important of all 最为重要是，14. in a few words(或 in sum, in short)简而言之，15. in other words 换句话说，16. in a sense 在某种意义上，17. in general 一般说来，18. in my view 在我看来，19. in conclusion 总之，20. in summary 概括地说，21. in fact 事实上，22. in the first place 首先，23. in addition 此外，24. of course 当然，25. to my knowledge 据我所知，26. for instance (或example)例如，27. as a matter of fact 事实上，28. strictly speaking 严格地说，29. generally speaking 一般地说，30. judging from... 根据...判断31. to be sure 无疑，32. to sum up 概括地说，33. to tell the truth 老实说，34. I am sure 我可以肯定地说，35. I believe 我相信，36. I wonder 我不知道，37. that is 也就是说38. it seems 看来是，39. as I see it 照我看来，40. what is important (serious) 重要(严重)的是，新东方雅思写作讲义31-The discrepancy between...and...remains.差异依然存在。
雅思写作大作文常见话题及分论点总结
常见话题分类及分论点词汇短语总结⼀一.教育1. 学习⾳音乐、体育的重要性培养团队精神和思考能⼒力Foster team spirit critical thinking提升⽂文化修养和对⽂文学艺术的欣赏⽔水平self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature.提⾼高⾝身体素质，养成良好的⽣生活习惯Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle2. 学习数学的重要性培养独⽴立思考、创造性思考、分析和解决问题能⼒力independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability数学是很多学科的基础Fundamental subject3.孩⼦子是否应该obey the rules由于年轻和缺乏经验，孩⼦子容易误⼊入歧途，所以很多时候他们需要⽼老师和⽗父母的建议和指导。
go astrayInexperienced be more likely to do孩⼦子迟早都要⾃自⼰己做决定，如果他们从⼩小只会服从命令，那么会慢慢失去主见。
the ability and desire to form their own opinion4.孩⼦子成长谁负责？parents家长以⾃自⼰己为榜样，帮助孩⼦子形成正确的⼈人⽣生观和价值观role modelhelp foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life孩⼦子早年⼤大部分时间与家长在⼀一起，家长塑造孩⼦子们的性格Shape personalityteacher/ school传授理论知识impart knowledge platform提⾼高⼈人际交往能⼒力interpersonal skills媒体对孩⼦子的影响Questionable contents教育类核⼼心词汇：theoretical 理论的practical 实际的scope of knowledge 知识⾯面lighten the burden of 减轻...的负担nurture 培养，教育 motivation 动⼒力physical ⾝身体上的psychological ⼼心理上的intelligence 智⼒力，智能intellectual 智⼒力的，有智⼒力的，n. 知识分⼦子motivate 激发potential 潜在的，潜⼒力talent 天才，才能qualify （使）具有资格discipline 纪律，学科subject 科⽬目，学科adolescent 青少年，青春期的mature 成熟的interactive 互动的，交互式的learn by rote 死记硬背feedback 反馈learner-oriented 以学⽣生为导向的exam-oriented education 应试教育force-feed the students 填鸭式教法教学⽣生raise family 养家achieve life value 实现⼈人⽣生价值degree factory 学历⼯工⼚厂all-rounded 全⾯面的impart knowledge 传授知识obtain/ acquire/gain knowledge and skills获得知识和技能quality education素质教育team spirit 团队精神become qualified employees 成为合格雇员adapt to 适应某事dampen the students’ enthusiasm 打击学⽣生的积极性enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富了社会和⽣生活阅历practical and professional skills 实⽤用的职业技能become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争⼒力make contributions to social progress 对社会进步做出贡献encourage students to think critically and independently ⿎鼓励学⽣生批判地和独⽴立地思考promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development促进学⽣生的⾝身体、智⼒力和情感发展help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 帮助年轻⼈人树⽴立正确的价值观、世界观、⼈人⽣生观A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的⼀一个缩影。
雅思精讲写作班精讲班第2讲讲义
雅思精讲写作班精讲班第2讲讲义第四章第四章argumentation辩论型题目结构二对称式结构 4段一、开头段2-4句（背景）+双方观点（+引起下文）二、二、三段14句左右1句概述+3*2四、结尾段3-5句提出观点+重申理由(+写点别的)例3Topic: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?In recent years, the Internet has been gaining its popularity at an amazing rate. It seems that anyone who knows little about the Internet is out of date and lags far behind the times. The Internet plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the world.Those who welcome the Internet hold that it brings us great convenience and efficiency. Firstly, we can send E-mails to our friends in other countries in a few minutes while sending a traditional letter takes us at least a week and costs much. Secondly, we can make friends with people from all parts of the world. It overcomes the geographical barriers and makes the world smaller. Moreover, the Internet accelerates the flow of information and spreads education to all corners of the globe. We can have easy and quick access to the latest information worldwide.While people speak highly of Internet, its drawbacks shouldn’t be neglected.For one thing, it leads to psychological problems. An Internet-addicted person tends to be isolated, self-centered and unsociable. For another, there is a sharp rise in the number of cyber crime. More and more financial crimes are committed via the Internet. In addition, it also has negative impacts on young people because there are a lot of obscene and violent contents on line.In my opinion, the Internet has more disadvantages. It gives rise to people’s mental problems. It results in various computer crimes. It is harmful to the growth of the youth.Something should be done as soon as possible to protect people from the negative effects of the Internet.例4Topic: Should criminals be sent to prison or should they do something else as a punishment? Explain your opinion and give your reasons.In recent years, a growing number of people have begun to challenge against the existing practice of sending criminals to prison. They argue that the law offenders should be punished to do something for the public. It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total agreement on such a controversial issue.Some people advocate that we should let criminals do something else as punishment. In the first place, they can get better reclamation in this way. Doing something for society is a good measure, which not only punishes the criminals but also encourages them to begin a new life as well. Another reason is due to the limited jail space. Letting criminals do something outside jails decreases the cost of the government. Finally, the imprisonment of criminals cannot scare off the criminals. Up to now, there is no evidence showing the direct link between the implementation of imprisoning criminals and the decline of crime rate.Some others approve of the imprisonment of criminals. First of all, it can ensure a safe living environment to the law-abiding citizens. For criminals like thieves, robbers, rapists or even murderers, it is improper or even dangerous to let them out of jails, because they still pose threat to our society. Second, it is the best deterrent to those potential criminals. It will make would-be criminals think twice before they commit a crime. Last but not least, it is a great spiritual consolation to the victims. Those who suggest setting criminals free lay too much emphasis on the rights of criminals. They ignore the rights of victims.All the above opinions make sense. After a careful consideration, I am in favor of the latter view that we should retain the practice of sending criminals to prison. It can guarantee the safety of citizens. It can reduce the crime rate. Furthermore, it serves a punishment for the merciless offenders while a comfort to the innocent victims.第五章第五章Explanation解释型题目写法原因 and 办法结构一基本同一边倒结构开头r1r2（r3）solutions结构二基本同对称式结构开头reasonssolutions（结尾）例5Topic: It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.Sample Answer 1In the past, family was a very important concept in people’s minds, and it was the center of many people’s lives. Nowadays, however, the relationship between family members is not as close as before. As far as I am concerned, it results from the following reasons.The first reason is that people spend more time on their study and work. Compared with the past, people face fierce competition and suffer from great pressure. Therefore, they have to devote more time and energy to their careers. Some people are too occupied to spare time for their family. What is more, many jobs require people to work in other cities and many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As time passes, these people become emotionally estranged from their parents.Another reason is that there are more entertainment forms available. Nowadays high technology b rings us more interesting things which can easily attract people’s attention, such as watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing video games. As a result, people are indulged in these activities, totally neglecting the feelings of other family members.To bring families closer, people put forward various suggestions. Firstly, never bring your work home and leave it in your office. We should spare more time with family members no matter how occupied we are. Secondly, try to squeeze some time for a regular family dinner because dinner time is a perfect time and opportunity for people to exchange their feelings and ideas. Last but not least, we should teach the children the sense of family when they are still young.Sample Answer 2In the past, family was a v ery important concept in people’s minds, and it was the center of many people’s lives. Nowadays, however, the relationship between family members isnot as close as before.There are several reasons for this phenomenon. The first reason is that people spend more time on their study and work. Compared with the past, people face fierce competition and suffer from great pressure. Therefore, they have to devote more time and energy to their careers. Some people are too occupied to spare time for their family. Another reason is that there are more entertainment forms available. Nowadays high technology brings us more interesting things which can easily attract people’s attention, such as watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing video games. As a result, people are indulged in these activities, totally neglecting the feelings of other family members.To bring families closer, people put forward various suggestions. Firstly, never bring your work home and leave it in your office. We should spare more time with family members no matter how occupied we are. Secondly, try to squeeze some time for a regular family dinner because dinner time is a perfect time and opportunity for people to exchange their feelings and ideas. Last but not least, we should teach the children the sense of family when they are still young to form some good habits like writing letters and making telephone calls to each other.Family is the basic unit of a society. It plays a significant role in our lives. In order to enjoy a harmonious family life and maintain a stable society, we should take efforts to crate a close family relationship.。
新东方雅思写作讲义
新东方雅思写作讲义新东方雅思写作讲义第一部分：写作基础知识介绍（500字）1. 什么是雅思写作？雅思写作是雅思考试的一项重要组成部分，涵盖了一系列的写作任务，包括图表描述、图表解释、观点阐述等。
写作考试的目的是测试考生的语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力和写作组织能力。
2. 准备雅思写作需要注意的事项- 掌握基本写作技巧：如如何概括图表信息、如何展开论述、如何论证观点等。
- 增强写作词汇量：扩展词汇储备，提升表达准确性和多样性。
- 阅读大量范文：学习优秀范文的写作结构、句式使用和观点论证方式。
- 练习写作：进行频繁的写作练习，提高写作速度和思维流畅度。
3. 雅思写作评分标准雅思写作总分为9分，分为四个维度对写作进行评分：任务响应（Task Response）、语言表达（Coherence and Cohesion）、词汇使用（Lexical Resource）和语法准确性（Grammar Range and Accuracy）。
考生需在这四个方面都达到一定的水平才能取得高分。
第二部分：写作技巧及范文分析（1000字）1. 图表描述类写作图表描述类写作是雅思写作的常见形式，考察考生对图表信息的表达能力。
常见的图表形式有柱状图、饼状图、折线图和表格等。
在写作时，考生需要概括图表信息并进行详细描述，同时还要注意使用适当的语言连接词来连接句子和段落。
范文分析：柱状图描述了1990年至2000年间英国人口变化趋势。
从图中可以看出，英国人口总数在这十年间一直在增加，但增长速度有所波动。
具体来说，1990年英国人口为52.4百万，而2000年则达到了58.6百万，增长了大约11.8%。
在这十年间最大的增长出现在1997年，而最小的增长出现在1991年。
因此，可以看出英国人口的变化是不稳定的。
2. 图表解释类写作图表解释类写作是考察考生对图表信息的解读能力。
此类题型通常以饼状图、表格或流程图为主要形式，考生需要从中找出关键信息，并进行准确解释。
新东方雅思写作讲义
雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing俞伟国－2009－雅思考试作文部分题型课时安排：Marking SystemEssay WritingIntroductionBodyConclusionStructureReport Writing近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况(From Mat Clark)Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: RareKey Language Features in Marking SystemTask Response:1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content2. Adequate Words3. Position + Supporting Ideas + DevelopmentCoherence and Cohesion1.Logical overall structure2.Topic Sentence3.Cohesive devicesLexical Resource1.Accurateness2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)3.VarietyGrammatical Range and Accuracy1.Accuratenessplex Sentence3.Variety欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG: /yuweiguo/Chapter One－Essay Writing第一章. 议论文完全攻略___________________________________________________________________________________________________Part One－Introduction－闪亮开篇－－Version 5.7－Structure of Introduction1. Background Information(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)(2). Public Opinion2. Statement(State your position)1．主体背景（Background Information）(1) In the last century, the firs t man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it made little difference to people’s lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.4.8)______________________________, when ________________________________________________________________ for the first time, he _____________________________________________________ that it was a great step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually _____________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化(笼统概念－缩小范围)(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.2.5)Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________ _________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery. Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换（优先考虑三大词类：）Paraphrase方法之三－句型转换（方法1 ）(方法2 )(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2006.3.18)Some people hold the opinion that _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ While some argue that _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: 句型转换(方法3 ) (4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? You should use your own experience to support your argument. (2006.2.18) According to some __________, air travel should be _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序：单词转换>句型转换>具体化(5) Some people believe that scientific research should be conducted by the government rather by private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.12.10)Some people propose that______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法4 )(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? (2006.2.12)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]2. 总论点(Statement)Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?Average Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished.Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except that (unless) they are those who purposefullyteach the child to behave badly.Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your opinion. (2006.6.24)From my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private middle schools ______________________________Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married?____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法5 )Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs?____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法6 )3. Report－Introduction写作对策Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out while people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why people do little action about it? Give your suggestions on how to solve this situation. (2005.12.3) Today, the phenomenon that ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern. In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article, I would like to ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.Structure of Report Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)2. Plan A: Essay StatementPlan B: Linking SentenceExercise1: The development of technologies is causing environmental problems. Some people believe that the solution is for everyone to adopt a simpler way of life while others say that technologies can solve these problems. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2009.2.12)Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to study hard when they are young. Do you regard the phenomenon as positive or negative? (2005.4.2)Exercise3: Topic－Today, in many countries, there is insufficient respect to old people. What are the reasons? What problems it might cause? (2006.7.8)欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG: /yuweiguo/Part Two－Body－中流砥柱－－Version 6.5－分论点的要求：1.字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.2. 分论点四项基本原则：(1). 内容原则：分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为_________________关系。
【最新2018】新东方俞伟国老师谈雅思作文分析-word范文模板 (1页)
【最新2018】新东方俞伟国老师谈雅思作文分析-word范文模板本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==新东方俞伟国老师谈雅思作文分析Topic: Some people believe that in order to reduce crime, prisoners should be given longer prison sentence while some people think there are other alternative ways. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your opinion.话题类型：政府决策类是否新题：是难度指数：中等参考结构：四段式第一段（开头）: 用改写的方式引出双方观点＋表明自己的倾向性第二段：分析甲方观点，承认其有一定的合理性：通过延长罪犯服刑时间确实可能通过限制其自由而不给其重新回到社会上犯罪的机会从而在一定程度上减少了罪犯再次犯罪的可能性。
但同时也应该指出甲方观点同样存在问题：单纯地延长关押时间而不是改造犯人的思想是治标不治本的。
无论把犯人关多长，终归有一天要释放他。
如果那时他的思想观念仍然是错误的，那么他还是很有可能再次犯罪。
甚至因为长期的关押可能进一步引起罪犯对社会的仇恨(“老子只不过劫个色就关老子这么多年，这社会真是不公道，我要报复！……”)，反而使得犯罪的可能性加大。
此外长期关押犯人对于政府的经济负担也会增大。
第三段 : 分析乙方观点。
一些其他的惩罚方式，比如西方社会特有的community service（针对罪行较轻的罪犯），相比单纯的延长犯人的服刑时间更为有效和合理。
因为像社区服务通过让犯人为社会做事，能够培养其社会责任感，有利于树立其正确的思想观念，真正地改造一个人。
这样犯人出狱之后再次犯罪的可能性由于其思想本质上得到了净化也就相对非常之低了。
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Topics of Task 2 （2008～2009.11.21)一、教育（共25题，占%）1. In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.01.26)不同意：中学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题vital stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problem/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。
Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail ）教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。
do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。
In a long run／term, if pupils could receive better education, they may have far more opportunities to find better jobs.教育的作用不仅仅应当局限在找工作，而是为了将来更好的发展。
The function of education should be not only focused on \limited in job hunting, but also for a better development.＊＊失业的原因是综合的comprehensive/complicated，例如经济原因：经济衰退或者不景气economy recession/depression，就业岗位剧减，导致市场对于劳动力的需求整体下降 a fall in the overall demand for labor;社会原因，个人原因等2. Most countries spend much money on education, as they start to realize the importance of education. In your opinion which subject is the most important for young people and which one is the least important?Subjects: Literature Sports Mathematics Economy Physics History Music Geography (08.03.01)整个题目可以分为理论科目和实践科目两种：理论科目的好处：智的角度实践科目（音乐、体育）的好处：美、体、劳的角度E.g.: What does sports benefits your academic? Any sport will have a positive effect on academic performance simply because exercise is good for the brain, and teamwork and strategy that are focal to most sports are applicable as well to many academic areas.理论科目的坏处：枯燥、单调、需要长时间的学习、结合实践时较为困难体育、音乐的坏处：需要天赋；需要大量时间和金钱的投入；就业范围小，职业生涯短3. Schoolteachers used to be the source of information, however, some people argue that teachers are not as important as before as the increasing variety of information resources. What is your opinion? (08.04.24)和以前一样重要：（也就是说老师的重要性）学校教育更加有利于学生的道德培养，尤其对于年龄较小的学生。
老师可以帮助学生建立自信心，培养能力，塑造良好的性格最终成为一个有利于社会的人。
Teachers could help the students to build up confidence, shape upright character and ultimately grow a full man beneficial to the society.通过老师的讲解，能够更加容易接受知识。
By lectures, students are more easily to receive knowledge.可以根据学生的需要而改变teach students in accordance with their own characteristics and differences学生在学校里能够参加体育锻炼，有利于身体的健康和成长学校教育给了学生一个交流、沟通、合作的机会，有利于团队精神team spirit、合作精神cooperation、创新能力innovation的培养foster/cultivation。
其他信息途径的好处（远程教育的好处）提供了一种更为新颖有效的教育形式an original and effective educational model；增加人们接受教育的机会increase the opportunities of being educated;提高参与者的科技能力develop technology competencies、拓展技术面broaden skill set,从而提高就业机会job opportunity。
为地处偏远和行动不便的人、工作时间不稳定的人提供了受教育的机会those with restricted mobility, such as elderly, disabled, injured, irregular work schedule.可以同时和全国各地甚至全世界各地的人进行交流和学communicate and interact with students all over the country or even the world文档和资料容易储存、易提取、打印和阅读documents and materials are easily recorded, retrieved, printed and read远程教育的缺点：缺乏和老师面对面的交流lack of in-person contact with faculty members很难及时接受到老师的反馈wait for a long time before receiving feedback about assignments不能像传统教育那样和同学之间更多地接触，没有机会提高口头交流能力和合作能力等have no chance to enhance oral communication skills and cooperation skills精力和注意力会被很多东西分散many distractions at home并不是所有的行业都承认网络教育的学历，缺乏就业认可。
not all work industries acknowledge online degrees4.Schools should teach children some academic subjects, which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore, other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (08.05.22)同第2题5.University students always focus on one specialist subject, but some people think universities should encourage their students to study a range of subjects in addition to their own subject. To whatextent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.06.05)学习多个科目的好处：目前很多大学都倾向于专业学习（specialized or vocational education），很多专业都是以就业为本（career-oriented or vocation-oriented）而最近的潮流是重新注重全面教育（general education），注重学生的技能，在不同学科上的应用。
很多学科是交叉的interrelated，学习多种科目有利于了解更多的知识widen scope of knowledge，加深对于专业科目的理解be beneficial/advantageous/preferable to the understanding/comprehension of specialist subjects毕业之后有更多的工作选择increase employment opportunity,增加竞争力competiveness当求职市场竞争日趋激烈的时候，在不同专业领域涉猎、对于跨学科学习具备经验的学生有望占据一个主导地位。