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中国物流发展报告

中国物流发展报告

中国物流发展报告中国物流发展报告近年来,中国物流业取得了快速发展,成为推动经济稳定增长和提升竞争力的重要力量。

根据相关数据,中国物流业发展总体保持平稳增长,整体规模居于世界前列。

以下将从物流业规模、技术创新和绿色发展三个方面进行分析和总结,以探讨中国物流业的发展状况。

首先,中国物流业规模不断扩大,成为全球物流业的重要组成部分。

根据统计数据显示,中国物流总费用呈逐年增长趋势,2019年达到14.24万亿元,较2010年增长了近两倍。

物流业占国内生产总值的比重也逐年提升,预计未来还将继续增长。

物流规模的不断扩大,不仅推动了国内货物流通的顺畅,也为中国企业的全球化发展提供了强有力的支持。

其次,中国物流业在技术创新方面取得了长足进步。

随着信息化技术的普及和应用,物流企业通过构建智能物流平台、引入大数据等手段,提升了物流效率和服务质量。

例如,物流企业使用物流大数据进行预测和规划,实现快速分拣和准确配送,提高了物流效率。

同时,智能仓储系统的广泛应用,使得仓储管理更加高效和精确。

技术创新不仅进一步推动了物流业的发展,也大大提升了企业竞争力。

另外,中国物流业正在朝着绿色发展的方向迈进。

随着环保意识的提高,物流企业开始重视环境保护和资源利用的可持续性。

在交通运输方面,推广使用清洁能源和低碳交通工具,减少对环境的影响。

并且,推行绿色物流标准和措施,减少物流包装和能源消耗,提高物流效率和资源利用率。

这些绿色发展的举措,有助于减少对环境的污染,同时也为物流企业和社会带来了经济效益。

综上所述,中国物流发展保持了稳定的增长态势,其规模不断扩大,技术创新不断提升,绿色发展也得到了重视。

然而,中国物流业也面临一些挑战,例如运输成本高、配送效率低等问题。

因此,为进一步推动中国物流业的发展,需要加大对物流基础设施建设的投资和支持,加强物流企业之间的合作与协同,提高物流服务质量和效率,推动物流业向高质量发展的方向迈进。

物流总结报告范文(3篇)

物流总结报告范文(3篇)

第1篇物流总结报告一、前言随着我国经济的快速发展,物流行业在国民经济中的地位日益凸显。

物流企业作为连接生产与消费的重要纽带,承担着商品流通的重要任务。

在过去的一年里,我司在物流领域取得了一定的成绩,现将本年度物流工作总结如下:一、工作概述1. 优化物流网络布局本年度,我司针对国内物流网络布局进行了全面梳理,通过优化运输路线、提高运输效率,降低了物流成本。

同时,加强与合作伙伴的沟通与协作,提升了整体物流服务水平。

2. 提升物流信息化水平为提高物流效率,我司加大了对物流信息化的投入,实现了物流信息系统的全面升级。

通过物流信息系统,实现了订单管理、仓储管理、运输管理、客户服务等各个环节的实时跟踪与监控,提高了物流管理效率。

3. 强化物流服务质量我司始终将客户满意度作为衡量工作成效的重要指标,通过以下措施提升物流服务质量:(1)加强员工培训,提高员工业务素质和服务意识;(2)完善客户服务体系,提高客户服务响应速度;(3)加强设备维护,确保物流设备正常运行;(4)优化配送流程,缩短配送时间。

4. 严格控制物流成本在确保物流服务质量的前提下,我司严格控制物流成本,通过以下措施降低物流成本:(1)优化运输路线,降低运输费用;(2)加强库存管理,减少库存积压;(3)提高物流设备使用效率,降低设备维护成本;(4)加强供应商管理,降低采购成本。

二、主要工作完成情况1. 物流网络布局优化(1)优化运输路线:通过对运输数据的分析,调整了部分运输路线,降低了运输成本,提高了运输效率。

(2)拓展运输渠道:与多家物流企业建立了合作关系,拓展了运输渠道,提高了运输能力。

2. 物流信息化建设(1)物流信息系统升级:实现了订单管理、仓储管理、运输管理、客户服务等各个环节的实时跟踪与监控。

(2)移动端应用开发:开发了移动端物流信息查询系统,方便客户随时随地了解物流信息。

3. 物流服务质量提升(1)员工培训:组织开展了多次员工培训,提高了员工业务素质和服务意识。

中国物流发展报告

中国物流发展报告

中国物流发展报告一中国物流40年发展概况我国的物流活动源远流长,从横跨东西的物流通道“丝绸之路”,到融通南北的物流基础工程“京杭大运河”,中国古代的物流活动始终闪烁着智慧的光芒,对古代经济的发展影响深远。

尽管中国早期的物流实践成绩显著,但是现代物流的概念是从国外引入的。

20世纪初,物流业在美国悄然兴起,成为物流发展史上的新起点。

20世纪70年代,两次石油危机相继爆发所引起的通货膨胀,给企业经营带来了许多难题,为了寻找新的利润增长点,政府和企业开始将目光投向物流系统。

此时的物流业虽然在国外已经发展得比较充分,但在当时还没有引起国内相关部门和学者的重视,导致对该领域的研究并不多。

1978年,出于对我国生产资料流通体制进行改革的需要,在当时的国家物资总局带领下,财政部、国家计委、部分省份的物资工作负责人和一些高校教授等一行十七人飞往日本考察物流管理模式和体制。

随后,1979年中国正式引进物流这一概念。

[1]1981年,得益于王之泰教授撰写的《物流浅谈》一文,文中首次较为系统地论述了物流的概念、物流管理、物流的结构等,使物流被广大学者理解和重视,自此之后,物流这一新鲜词语开始频繁地出现在我国的各种论著及出版物中。

20世纪90年代初,邓小平同志的南方讲话和十四大召开成为我国进入市场经济体制构建阶段的里程碑。

经济体制的转变极大地活跃了市场并激发了产业发展动力,国家为了加强对流通的管理,于1993年组建了国内贸易部,将原本独立管控的生产资料与生活资料流通问题进行合并管理[2],并根据我国经济体制转变的目标原则,进一步深化了对流通领域的改革力度,使我国的流通体制既能与国际现代化物流接轨,又能与中国特色社会主义相融合。

然而经济体制转型的过程中不可避免地引起了生产热潮的大规模爆发,生产规模骤增难以被有限的市场所容纳,由此导致生产与消费结构失衡,商品的库存压力达到峰值,我国物流发展落后不能与市场规模相匹配的矛盾日益凸显,加快发展我国物流业的需求迫在眉睫。

中国物流演讲稿范文模板

中国物流演讲稿范文模板

大家好!今天,我很荣幸站在这里,与大家共同探讨中国物流行业的发展现状与未来趋势。

物流,作为国民经济的重要支柱产业,在我国经济社会发展中扮演着举足轻重的角色。

下面,我将从以下几个方面展开演讲。

一、中国物流行业的发展现状1. 规模不断扩大近年来,我国物流行业规模不断扩大,已成为全球最大的物流市场之一。

据统计,2019年,我国社会物流总额达到298.8万亿元,同比增长6.1%。

2. 产业结构不断优化随着我国经济结构的调整,物流行业产业结构也在不断优化。

快递、冷链、电商物流等新兴领域发展迅速,成为推动行业增长的新动力。

3. 技术创新日益突出在“互联网+”的背景下,我国物流行业积极推进技术创新,物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术在物流领域的应用日益广泛,提升了物流效率和服务水平。

二、中国物流行业面临的挑战1. 行业竞争加剧随着物流行业的快速发展,市场竞争日益激烈。

如何在激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出,成为企业面临的一大挑战。

2. 人才短缺物流行业对人才的需求日益旺盛,但当前人才短缺问题依然突出。

企业应加大人才培养力度,提升员工素质。

3. 环境保护压力增大物流行业在发展过程中,对环境的影响逐渐凸显。

如何实现绿色发展,成为行业面临的重要课题。

三、中国物流行业的未来趋势1. 产业链整合加速未来,物流行业将朝着产业链整合的方向发展,实现资源优化配置,提高行业整体竞争力。

2. 智能化、自动化水平提升随着技术的进步,物流行业将朝着智能化、自动化方向发展,提高物流效率,降低运营成本。

3. 绿色物流成为发展重点在环境保护的大背景下,绿色物流将成为物流行业发展的重点,推动行业实现可持续发展。

四、结语总之,中国物流行业正处于快速发展的阶段,机遇与挑战并存。

我们要抓住机遇,迎接挑战,努力推动我国物流行业迈向更高水平。

在此,我呼吁各位同仁携手共进,为我国物流事业的繁荣发展贡献力量!谢谢大家!。

中国物流报告

中国物流报告

中国物流报告一、引言物流是现代社会经济发展的重要组成部分,对于国家经济增长和贸易流通起着关键的支撑作用。

近年来,中国物流行业经历了快速的发展和变革,成为全球物流大国之一。

本文将对中国物流行业的发展现状及未来趋势进行分析和展望。

二、中国物流行业的发展现状1.快速增长的产值根据中国物流与采购联合会发布的数据,2019年中国物流行业总产值达到24.8万亿元,占国内生产总值的14%左右。

物流行业成为了支撑国家经济增长的重要支柱产业之一。

2.物流网络的建设与智能化中国政府高度重视物流行业的发展,大力推动物流网络的建设和智能化改造。

高速铁路、高速公路和航空运输的发展为物流网络提供了更好的基础设施条件。

同时,物流科技的应用也在不断提升,物流企业正在加快推进物流信息化、自动化和智能化改造。

3.跨境电商的崛起随着互联网的普及和电商的兴起,跨境电商成为了中国物流行业的新兴业态。

中国的电商巨头们纷纷将目光瞄准了国外市场,物流企业也积极响应,加速布局跨境物流业务,为消费者提供更便捷、高效的跨境购物体验。

三、中国物流行业的挑战与机遇1.城市配送压力加大城市化进程的加快导致城市人口增长和物流需求的快速膨胀,城市配送成为物流行业面临的重要挑战之一。

如何在城市狭小的街道和拥堵的交通条件下,实现高效的配送服务,是物流企业亟待解决的问题。

2.环境保护压力增加随着社会对环境保护的关注度不断提升,物流行业也面临着环境保护的压力。

物流运输所产生的排放和垃圾处理问题成为了行业发展的障碍。

物流企业需要加大绿色运输技术的研发力度,推动物流行业向低碳、环保的方向发展。

3.供应链管理技术的突破随着全球供应链的复杂性不断增加,供应链管理成为了物流行业的核心竞争力。

物流企业需要加强资源整合和协同创新,构建起完整的供应链网络,提高物流效率和服务质量。

四、中国物流行业的未来发展趋势1.高效低碳的物流体系未来,随着新能源技术和智能运输技术的不断发展,中国物流行业将朝着高效低碳的方向发展。

物流专题报告范文(精选5篇)

物流专题报告范文(精选5篇)

物流专题报告物流专题报告范文(精选5篇)在生活中,大家逐渐认识到报告的重要性,报告中涉及到专业性术语要解释清楚。

那么什么样的报告才是有效的呢?以下是小编为大家整理的物流专题报告范文(精选5篇),供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

物流专题报告1进入物流公司里面实习,在这次实习里面,我也是对于这个物流行业有了更多了解,清楚自己能做什么,也是通过实习,积累了一些经验,对于未来,也是更有信心去工作的岗位上立足了。

一、实习目的利用实习的一个机会,也是能让我们认识社会,了解工作是怎么一回事,又是自己哪些方面还要去提升,一些之前没有发觉到的问题出现了,更是要去解决,来让自己能更从容的去到社会做好工作。

二、实习内容这次实习,我主要是做客服的工作,接客户的电话,去帮他们查件,处理问题,在做这份工作之前,其实我并不是很了解这个工作是要做什么,虽然自己也是买过东西,收过快递,但是其实也和快递公司没有太多的一个联系,平时的时候也是没有联系过物流的公司,所以可以说没有任何的基础,不过开始进来,领导也是不会让我们开始就做事情,而是给我们做了几天的培训,熟悉工作的流程,了解要做的事情,又是要怎么要和客户去沟通,要注意的方面有哪些。

经过培训后,再入到岗位上,我开始和客户的沟通也只会按照话术来做,甚至一些没遇到的问题,也是没有解决的方法,但是随着工作的进行下去,渐渐的我也是掌握了一些方法,对于这份工作有了自己的看法和清楚该怎么样做,才能是做好的,在工作里头,我也是体会到自己以前没发觉到原来自己其实沟通上其实也是有自己的想法的,和别的同事相比,其实也是有自己的优势,我也是去利用好了,得到肯定,自己帮客户解决了问题,同时也是积累了更多的经验。

三、实习体会结束了客服的实习工作,我也是感触挺深的,别看这个是基础的岗位,但是也是接触到物流行业的方方面面,不但是要和客户去沟通,也是要和快递员,和物流途中的各个工作人员有交流,去帮客户处理问题,了解清楚情况,并且这份工作要去做得出色,自己的能力也是需要有很多,可能做的确容易,但是做到让客户满意,不被投诉,甚至把一些不好的影响消除掉,这些都是需要有一定的方法和技巧的,也是需要不断的去积累经验,才能遇到任何的问题情况都是能从容的来面对,去处理好的。

(完整word版)物流外文文献翻译

(完整word版)物流外文文献翻译

外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their coreenergy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”,军事后勤保障的原意,在二战结束后的第二面。

物流管理专业英文文献及翻译

物流管理专业英文文献及翻译

2011年中国快递行业研究报告——China Express Delivery Industry Report, 2011 Enterprise wide USD $ 3300 Release Date Dec.2011AbstractIn July, 2011, in the “Twelfth Five-Year (2011-2015)” plan on the development of postal industry issued by State Post Bureau of the Peo ple’s Republic of China, the following “twelfth five-year” development indicators were put forward for the express delivery industry: the network coverage of key express delivery enterprises came up to 98% in municipalities and provincial capitals, and over 90% in provincially administered municipalities; and the key express delivery enterprises realized the 72-hour inter-provincial capital and inter-key city express delivery rate of more than 90%, express delay rate of lower than 0.8%, damage rate of lower than 0.01%, and loss rate of lower than 0.005%.The express delivery business of China has witnessed rapid growth in 2011. Up to the end of September of 2011, Chinese express delivery companies (with annual sales of over RMB5 million) had made 2.52 billion deliveries, up 53.3% year-on-year, and harvested RMB53.14 billion, a 28.9% YoY rise, of which Chinese inner-city express business revenue was RMB4.67 billion, with the year-on-year increase of 58.1%; the cross regional express business revenue rose 37% year-on-year to RMB30.73 billion; and the international and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan business revenue was RMB13.57 billion, a slight rise of 4.9% from the same period of last year.From January to September of 2011, 1.125 billion deliveries were made in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanghai, accounting for 44.64% of the national business volume, and achieved RMB25.697 billion with a 48.36% share of the total business revenue in China.‘Research report on the express delivery industry in China’ mainly covers the followings:The twelfth five-year plan of national express delivery industry and the twelfth five-year plan of express delivery industry in key provinces and cities;Development status, business classification,λ market structure, price and competition structure of the express delivery industry in China;Analysis on the express delivery industry in importantλprovinces and cities in Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing and Jiangsu etc.Performance of UPS, FedEx, DHL and TNT in Chinese express deliveryλ market.Development history, corporate operation, SWOT analysis and marketλstrategy of 15 local express delivery enterprises (including EMS, China Sinotrans Group, China Railway Express, Air Express, SF Express, STO Express, ZJS Express, YTO Express, Yunda Express, ZTO Express, etc.)EMS:The revenue of China Post Group footed up to RMB189.9 billion in 2010, presenting an AAGR of 18.5% during the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010); wherein, the proceeds of express business saw an average growth rate of 19.2%. Currently, EMS possesses 16 cargo aircrafts, 40 national airlines, 2 international airlines, more than 20 thousand transportation vehicles, 8 collecting and distributing centers and 31 provincial distribution centers.SF Express: its operating revenue has maintained high-speed growth since 2003, with an AAGR of over 40%; and the figure in 2010 registered RMB12 billion. In August, 2011, SF Express increased RMB400 million to reshuffle stock rights of SF Airlines whose air fleet covers two Boeing 757-200 All-Cargo Aircrafts and three Boeing 737-300 Aircrafts at present.ZJS Express: its operating performance has saw a comparatively slow rise since 2004, and it made negative growth affected by economic crisis during 2008-2009. However, the operating revenue of the company hit around RMB2 billion in 2010, soaring 66.7% from a year earlier and setting a new high record.In next a few years, e-commerce will further drive the steady and rapid growth of the express delivery industry, and the operating costs will rise ever and spur the price hike of express delivery. As the market expands, for considerable benefit, a growing number of companies in the express delivery sector will be merged and reorganized, and the businesses of express delivery firms will be increasingly differentiated.2011年中国快递行业研究报告——中国快递行业研究报告,2011企业广泛$ 3300美元的发行日期dec.2011摘要在七月,2011,在“第十二个五年(年)”计划对邮政产业发展的国家邮政局发行的中国人民共和国,以下“第十二五”发展指标提出了快递行业:网络覆盖的关键快递企业走到98%直辖市、省会城市,和90%多个省直管市;和关键快递企业实现72小时省际资本和inter-key快递率超过90%,表示延迟率低于0.8%,破损率低于0.01%,损失率低于0.005%。

物流管理报告

物流管理报告

物流管理报告物流管理报告是指企业根据自身的物流管理情况,针对各项指标进行详细的分析、对比和总结,以便于寻找问题和提升物流效率。

物流管理报告在企业经营中具有重要的作用,它可以帮助企业精准掌握物流运作情况,以实现运转的效果,提高企业物流业务管理水平,进一步优化物流体系。

下面列举三个物流管理报告的案例。

第一个案例:顺丰物流管理报告顺丰物流以“快递全球化”为目标,始终坚持实施“集约、自动化、信息化”的物流管理模式。

他们制定了一系列的物流管理指标,以衡量物流运营效率、管理水平、质量满意度、时间效率、成本管理等方面的表现。

在这些指标的基础上,顺丰物流制定了相应的改进措施,不断优化自己的物流管理流程,以满足客户的需求。

第二个案例:京东物流管理报告京东物流管理报告以“做全球最快的物流企业”为目标,始终秉承“用户至上,物流第一”的理念。

他们通过建立覆盖全国的物流网络,打造全面数字化的物流技术支持平台,时刻关注物流业务的各项指标,并精细化地管理物流的全过程。

京东物流通过不断优化自己的物流管理,提升了自己的物流效率,为客户提供了更加便捷、优质的物流服务。

第三个案例:圆通物流管理报告圆通物流以“为客户创造价值,为员工创造机会”为发展目标,始终坚持“人性化、智能化、协作化”的物流管理模式。

他们通过建立全路径物流网络,完善物流技术支持体系,严密监控物流的各项指标,及时发现问题并提供相应改进方案,不断提升自己的物流业务水平。

圆通物流始终以客户为中心,为客户提供全面、高效、优质的物流服务,并不断满足客户的不同需求。

综上所述,物流管理报告是企业进行物流管理时不可或缺的工具,它可以通过量化、分析、对比等手段,为企业提供评估自身物流运作效率、优化物流运作方案的依据,帮助企业提高运营效率和服务水平。

另外,物流管理报告也可以帮助企业发现物流中的问题和瓶颈,及时采取相应措施加以解决,从而提高物流供应链的整体效率,减少成本支出。

因此,制定一份真正有价值、可操作性强的物流管理报告对企业至关重要,下面就是有关物流管理报告的一些重要内容。

物流管理中英文对照外文翻译文献

物流管理中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regionaleconomic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoreticalanalysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of siteselection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point ofconnection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (generaladministrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logisticscompetition.4.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文:区域物流竞争力研究摘要当前,物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势,整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。

物流管理毕业论文(含外文翻译)

物流管理毕业论文(含外文翻译)

摘要随着中国加入WT0,经济全球化和竞争国际化的趋势日益加快,国内外市场的界限逐渐消失,为了适应客户参与国际市场竞争的需要,第三方物流企业所提供的物流服务必须要适应客户的需求。

作为第三方物流企业,三台子物流中心更要加强自身的物流管理,凭借自身优秀的物流管理和物流服务来吸引客户,不断壮大和发展。

本文以三台子物流中心为研究对象,结合物流管理和第三方物流的相关理论,对该物流中心物流管理中包含的运输管理、仓储管理、配送管理、装卸搬运管理、信息处理、客户管理进行全面综合的分析,找出该公司在物流管理方面存在的问题,针对问题进行原因分析,并且提出解决对策,以改善公司物流管理发展滞后的现状。

关键词:物流管理;第三方物流;运输管理AbstractAfter China entering WTO,the trend of economy globalization &competition internationalization speeds up,the boundary between international & domestic market getting faded steadily.It is necessary to provide standard logistics service by the 3rd party logistics company in order to meet the need that the customer will participate the competition in the international market.The third party logistics company is required with higher level and more service by the customer;they shall provide not only tailor-made service but also relevant in tim e service to meet the customer’s JIT production.As a third party logistics company, San Tai ZI logistics center attract customers by its good logistics management and service, getting stronger and developing.Researching on San Tai ZI logistics center ,with the combination of logistics management relevant theory, first of all, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the transport management, warehousing management, dispatching management, handing ,information processing and customer management . Secondly it finds out the problems in logistics management, and discusses the reasons. At last, it comes up with the solution to improve the current situation of inadequate development in enterprise logistics management.Keywords: Logistics management; Third-party logistics; Transport management目录引言 (1)1 物流管理相关理论 (2)1.1 物流管理概述 (2)1.1.1 物流的概念及其构成要素 (2)1.1.2 物流管理的涵义和内容 (2)1.1.3 物流管理的目标和原则 (4)1.2 第三方物流概述 (5)1.2.1 第三方物流的概念 (5)1.2. 2 采用第三方物流的好处 (5)2 沈阳一运三台子物流中心物流管理现状 (6)2.1 沈阳一运概况 (6)2.2 沈阳一运三台子物流中心概况 (7)2.3 沈阳一运三台子物流中心物流管理现状 (8)3 沈阳一运三台子物流中心物流管理中存在的问题及原因分析 (11)3.1 运输管理方面 (11)3.1.1 运输中存在不合理形式 (11)3.1.2 运输外包风险控制不严 (11)3.2 仓储管理方面 (12)3.2.1 仓库出现闲置现象 (12)3.2.2 仓储货物未进行储位管理 (12)3.2.3 没有对商品进行分类管理 (12)3.2.4 仓库管理人员素质较低 (12)3.3 装卸搬运方面 (13)3.3.1 装卸搬运工具保管使用不当 (13)3.3.2 对装卸搬运工人管理不善 (13)3.4 配送管理方面 (13)3.4.1 配送订单处理不及时 (13)3.4.2 配送路线未进行规划 (14)3.5 信息管理方面 (14)3.5.1 物流技术应用不够 (14)3.5.2 信息处理系统的建设不完善 (14)3.6客户管理方面 (15)4 沈阳一运三台子物流中心物流管理问题的解决对策 (16)4.1 运输管理方面 (16)4.1.1 合理规划运输方式和路线 (16)4.1.2 加强预防机制降低风险 (16)4.2 仓储管理方面 (17)4.2.1 合理安排闲置仓库 (17)4.2.2 仓储布局与作业合理化 (18)4.2.3 存储货物采取科学管理方法 (19)4.2.4 引进和培养仓储管理人员 (20)4.3 装卸搬运方面 (21)4.3.1 妥善保管和维护装卸搬运工具 (21)4.3.2 加强装卸工人管理 (21)4.4 配送管理方面 (22)4.4.1 建立专业的配送部门 (22)4.4.2 运用科学的方法规划配送路线 (22)4.5 信息管理方面 (22)4.5.1 应用先进的物流技术 (23)4.5.2 优化信息管理系统 (23)4.6 加强客户关系管理 (25)结论 (27)致谢 (28)参考文献 (29)附录A (30)附录B (35)沈阳一运三台子物流中心物流管理问题研究引言由于技术的不断进步和管理的日益改善,制造成本降低的空间不大,现代物流被称为继劳动力、自然资源之后的“第三利润源泉”。

中国物流演讲稿范文英语

中国物流演讲稿范文英语

Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand here today and deliver a speech on the topic of "The Development of China'sLogistics Industry". As we all know, logistics plays a crucial role in the global economy, and China's logistics industry has been developing rapidly in recent years. In this speech, I will focus on the current situation, challenges, and future prospects of China's logistics industry.Firstly, let's take a look at the current situation of China's logistics industry. According to the China Association of Logistics and Purchasing, the total value of China's logistics industry reached 30.7 trillion yuan in 2020, accounting for 16.1% of the country's GDP. This indicates that the logistics industry has become an important pillar of China's economy.There are several factors contributing to the rapid development ofChina's logistics industry. Firstly, the continuous growth of the Chinese economy has provided a strong driving force for the industry. Secondly, the country's vast territory and diverse climate have led to the need for efficient logistics systems to ensure the smoothdistribution of goods. Lastly, the advancement of information technology has greatly improved the efficiency and competitiveness of the logistics industry.However, China's logistics industry also faces some challenges. Firstly, the industry is still in the process of transformation and upgrading, with a relatively low level of automation and informatization. Secondly, the uneven distribution of resources and infrastructure across the country hinders the development of the industry. Lastly, the high costof logistics services remains a concern for businesses.To address these challenges, China has taken a series of measures to promote the development of its logistics industry. Firstly, the government has been investing in the construction of logistics infrastructure, such as ports, airports, and transportation networks. Secondly, policies have been implemented to encourage the application of information technology in the industry. Lastly, efforts have been madeto reduce the cost of logistics services by optimizing the supply chain and improving the efficiency of transportation.Looking ahead, the future prospects of China's logistics industry are promising. The following aspects are worth mentioning:1. Green logistics: With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, green logistics will become a major trend in the industry. China will continue to promote the use of clean energy and reduce carbon emissions in logistics operations.2. Smart logistics: The integration of big data, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence will enable the realization of smart logistics, which will further improve the efficiency and quality of logistics services.3. Cross-border e-commerce: As China's e-commerce market continues to expand, cross-border e-commerce will play an increasingly important role in the logistics industry. The government will provide more support for cross-border logistics to facilitate the development of e-commerce.4. Globalization: China's logistics industry will continue to integrate into the global market, with more foreign companies entering the Chinese market and Chinese logistics companies expanding overseas.In conclusion, the development of China's logistics industry is not only a reflection of the country's economic strength but also a driving force for its further growth. By addressing the challenges and embracing the future trends, China's logistics industry will surely achieve greater success in the coming years.Thank you for your attention.。

中国物流工作总结报告

中国物流工作总结报告

中国物流工作总结报告近年来,中国物流行业迅速发展,成为国民经济的重要支柱产业之一。

在全球化的背景下,物流工作的重要性愈发凸显。

为了更好地总结中国物流工作的现状和发展趋势,本报告对中国物流工作进行了全面的总结和分析。

首先,中国物流工作在技术和设施方面取得了长足的进步。

随着信息技术的不断发展,物流管理系统得到了大幅度的提升,实现了从传统的人工操作到智能化管理的转变。

同时,物流设施的建设也在不断完善,各类现代化的物流园区和仓储中心如雨后春笋般涌现,为物流运作提供了更加便捷和高效的条件。

其次,中国物流工作在运输网络的建设方面取得了显著成就。

高速公路、铁路、水路和航空运输网络不断完善,大大提高了货物的运输速度和效率。

特别是“一带一路”倡议的提出,为中国与世界各国的物流合作带来了新的机遇和挑战,推动了中国物流工作的国际化发展。

再次,中国物流工作在服务水平和质量管理方面取得了显著进步。

物流企业不断提升服务水平,不断创新服务模式,为客户提供更加个性化和专业化的物流解决方案。

同时,质量管理体系不断完善,提高了物流运作的安全性和可靠性,为国民经济的发展提供了有力的保障。

最后,中国物流工作在人才培养和创新发展方面取得了显著成就。

各类物流专业人才的培养体系不断完善,为行业的可持续发展提供了人才保障。

同时,物流企业不断加大科技创新力度,推动物流工作向智能化、绿色化、可持续化方向迈进。

综上所述,中国物流工作在技术设施、运输网络、服务质量和人才培养等方面取得了显著成就,为国民经济的发展和社会的进步作出了重要贡献。

然而,我们也要清醒地认识到,中国物流工作面临着诸多挑战和问题,需要进一步加强政策引导、加大投入力度,推动物流工作朝着更加高效、智能、绿色、可持续的方向发展。

希望通过本报告的总结和分析,能够为中国物流工作的未来发展提供有益的参考和借鉴。

物流管理报告

物流管理报告

物流管理与云计算物流行业随着我国工业的增长快速发展,最近几年以20%以上的速度增长。

物流行业的到户服务击垮了我国邮政包裹行业,催生了大量的民营快递公司。

而电子商务的发展,又给物流行业提供了前所未有的发展机遇,以淘宝和京东商城为主的电子商务,每天给韵达,申通和圆通等快递公司下达无数的订单,2011年11月11日,淘宝、天猫的订单包裹量达到2200余万件。

大量的商机也引起了激烈的竞争,如2009,京东商场开始组建自己的物流体系,阿里巴巴为了反击,在2010年计划与“星辰急便”联手进入物流行业,但接着又在2011年宣布将集资超过1000亿元发展自己的物流系统。

这导致以“云计算”概念起家的“星辰急”便迅速破产。

物流行业的激烈竞争决定了各个企业必须采用更低的成本和更好的服务来赢得市场,而“云计算”在物流管理中的应用是否只是华而不实的幌子,这都是物流行业者值得深思的。

一国内物流行业中存在的问题我国现代物流业的起步比较晚,但企业管理在引入新技术上,比其他行业积极。

目前快递公司在运用计算机网路技术对快递件进行录入,跟踪,以及公司内部运行上比较普遍。

计算机技术在快递公司的普及对我国物流业的现代化帮助很大。

我国大部分快递公司在快件从卖家到买家的转移时间上与发达公司相比相差不大,在快递包裹的遗失率上,由于计算机技术的应用,也大大降低。

我国物流行业的症结主要是物流行业总成本比较高,占GDP的比重一直处于高位,2002年以前,我国物流总成本占GDP比例为21.5%,近几年下降到百分之十几,但比起发达国家10%以下还有差距。

(一)我国物流行业资源配置不合理我国各大公司都有自己的物流部门,拥有仓库、车队等。

第三方物流发展滞后,采用第三方物流的公司比例在我国不足2%,在美国这一比例约10%。

专业物流公司中,主要以快递公司投资增长快,而专业运输农产品和食品类的物流公司发展滞后。

我国各快递公司的都建设有或租用物流仓库,分发中心等,但这些场地要么太小不足以周转单个公司的快件,要么太大,存在闲置现象。

物流管理文献翻译 原文及译文

物流管理文献翻译 原文及译文

【最新资料,Word版,可自由编辑!】An internet-based logistics management system forenterprise chainsN. Prindezis, C.T. KiranoudisSchool of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University, 15780Athens, GreeceReceived 13 September 2003; received in revised form 20 December 2003;accepted 27 January 2004Available online 10 December 2004AbstractThis paper presents an Internet-Based Logistics Management System to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for solving the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem using appropriate metaheuristic techniques, for use in enterprise chain net works. Its architecture involves a JAVA Web applet equipped with interactive communication capabilities between peripheral software tools. The system was developed in distributed software fashion technology for all computer platforms utilizing a Webbrowser, focusing on the detailed road network of Athens and the needs of the Athens Central Food Market enterprises. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Decision support system; e-Logistics; Transportation; Vehicle routing problem1.IntroductionEnterprise chains are the business model of the present and future regarding markets that involve small and medium company sizes. Clearly, grouping activities towards a focused target facilitates an understandably improved market penetration guaranteed by a successful trade mark of a leading company in the field. Several collaboration models that basically include franchising are introduced as a part of this integrated process. When such a network is introduced in order to exploit a commercial idea or business initiative and subsequently expanded as market penetration grows, several management issues arise regarding the operations of the entire network. Such a network is the ideal place for organizing and evaluating in a more centralized way several ordinary operations regarding supply chain and logistics Infact, tools developed for organizing management processes and operational needs of each individual company, can be developed in a more centralized fashion and the services provided by the tool can be offered to each network member to facilitate transactions and tackle operations similarly. Web-based applications are an ideal starting place for developing such applications. Typically suchsystems serve as a central depot for distributing common services in the field of logistics. The commercial application is stored in a central server and services are provided for each member of the group. A prototype of such a server is described in a previous work (Prindezis, Kiranoudis, & Marinos-Kouris,2003). This paper presents the completed inter net system that is installed in the central web server of the Athens Central Food Market that deals with the integrated problem of distribution for 690 companies that comprise a unique logistics and retail chain of enterprises. The needs of each company are underlined and the algorithms developed are described within the unified internet environment. The problem solved and services provided for each company is the one involving distribution of goods through a heterogeneous fleet of trucks. New insights of the metaheuristics employed are provided. A characteristic case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for a real-world problem of distribution through the detailed road network of Athens.2. Distribution through heterogeneous vehicle fleetsThe fleet management problem presented in this paper requires the use of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles that distribute goods through a network of clients(Tarantilis, Kiranoudis, & Vassiliadis, 2003, 2004).Therefore, the system was designed in order to automatically generate vehicle routes (which vehicles should de-liver to which customers and in which order), using rational, quantitative, spatial and non-spatial information and minimizing simultaneously the vehicle cost and the total distance travelled by the vehicles, subject to the following constraints:●each vehicle has a predetermined load capacity, typically differentfrom all other vehicles comprising the fleet (heterogeneous nature), ●the capacity of a vehicle cannot be exceeded,● a single vehicle supplies each customers demand,●the number of vehicles used is predetermined.The problem has an obvious commercial value and has drawn the attention of OR community. Its great success can be attributed to the fact that it is a very interesting problem both from the practical and theoretical points of view. Regarding the practical point of view, the distribution problem involved definitely plays a central role in the efficiency of the operational planning level of distribution management, producing economical routes that contribute to the reduction of distribution costs, offering simultaneously significant savings in all related expenses (capital,fuel costs, driver salaries). Its Importance in the practical level, motivated in tense theoretical work and the development of efficient algorithms.For the problem by academic researchers and professional societies in OR/MS, resulting in a number of papers concerning the development of a number of Vehicle Routing Information Systems (VRIS) for solving the problem. The problem discussed is an NP-hard optimization problem, that is to say the global optimum of the problem can only be revealed through an algorithm of exponential time or space complexity with respect to problem size. Problems of this type are dealt with heuristic or metaheuristic techniques. Research on the development of heuristic algorithms (Tarantilis & Kiranoudis, 2001,2002a, 2002b) for the fleet management problem has made considerable progress since the first algorithms that were proposed in the early 60s. Among them, tabu search is the champion (Laporte, Gendreau, Potvin, & Semet,2000). The most powerful tabu search algorithmsare now capable of solving medium size and even largesize instances within extremely small computational environments regarding load and time. On the algorithmic side, time has probably come to concentrate on the development of faster, simpler (with few parameters) and more robust algorithms, even if this causes a small loss in quality solution. These attributes are essential if an algorithm is to be implemented in a commercial package.The algorithm beyond the system developed is of tabu search nature. As mentioned before, since the algorithms cannot reveal the guaranteed global optimum, the time that an algorithm is left to propose a solution to the problem is of utmost importance to the problem. Certainly, there is a trade-off between time expected for the induction of the solution and its quality. This part was implemented in a straightforward way. If the system is asked by the user to produce a solution of very high quality instantly, then an aggressive strategy is to be implemented. If the user relaxes the time of solution to be obtained, that is to say if the algorithm is left to search the solution space more effciently, then there is room for more elaborate algorithms.The algorithm employed has two distinct parts. The first one is a generalized route construction algorithm that creates routes of very good quality to be improved by the subsequent tabu phase. The construction algorithm takes into account the peculiarities of the heterogeneous nature of fleet and the desire of the user to use vehicles of his own desire, owned or hired, according to his daily needs.The Generalized Route Construction Algorithm employed, is a two-phase algorithm where unrouted customers are inserted into already constructed partial solutions. The set of partial solutions is initially empty, and in thiscase a seed route is inserted that contains only the depot. Rival nodes to be inserted are then examined.All routes employed involve single unrouted customers. The insertion procedure utilizes two criteria c1(i,u,j) and c2(i,u,j) to insert a new customer u between two adjacent customers i and j of a current partial route. The first criterion finds the best feasible insertion point (i *,j *) that minimizes the Clark and Wright saving calculation for inserting a node within this specific insertion point,C1(i,u,j)=d(I,u)+d(u,j)-d(I,j) (1) In this formula, the expression d(k,l) stands for the actual cost involved in covering the distance between nodes k and l. The Clark and Wright saving calculation introduced in this phase serves as an appropriate strong intensification technique for producing initial constructions of extremely good quality, a component of utmostnecessity in tabu improvement procedure.The second phase involves the identification of the actual best node to be inserted between the adjacent nodepair (i* ,j *) found in the first phase (Solomon, 1987). From all rival nodes, the one selected is the one that maximizes the expressionC2 (i*, u, j *)=[d(0,u)+d(u,0)]- C1(i*, u, j *) (2)where 0 denotes the depot node. The expression selected is the travelling distance directly from/to the depot to/ from the customer and the additional distance expressedby the first criterion. In all, the first phase of the construction algorithm seeks for the best insertion point in all possible route seeds and when this is detected, the appropriate node is inserted. If no feasible node is found, a new seed route, containing a single depot, is inserted.The algorithm iterates until there are no unrouted nodes. It must be stretched that the way routes are filled up with customers is guided by the desire of the user regardingthe utilization of his fleet vehicles. That is to say, vehicles are sorted according to the distribution and utilization needs of the dispatcher. Vehicles to be used first (regarding to user cost aspects and vehicle availability) will be loaded before others that are of lower importance to the user. Typically, all users interviewed expressed the desire for the utilization of greater tonnage vehicles instead of lower tonnage, so vehicles for loading were sorted in descending order of capacity.For the subsequent aggressive part of the algorithm a tabu search metaheuristic was implemented. The basic components of this algorithm employed in this application are the neighbourhood definition, theshort-term memory and the aspiration criterion.2.1. NeighbourhoodThe neighbourhood is defined as a blend of the most favorable local search moves that transforms one solution to another. In particular, in its tabu search iteration the type of move adopted is decided stochastically. A predefined probability level is assigned to each move type. After that, it is decided whether the move operation is performed within a single route or between different routes, once more stochastically. This time, for both operations, the probability level is assigned a value of 50%. Subsequently, the best neighbour that the selected move implies is computed. The move types employed are the 2-Opt move (Bell et al., 1983), the 1–1 Exchange move (Evans& Norback , 1985), the1–0 Exchangemove (Evans & Norback, 1985), on both single route and different routes.2.2. Short-term memoryShort-term memory, known as tabu list, is the most often used component of tabu search. Tabu list is imposed to restrict the search from revisiting solutions that were considered previously and to discourage the search process from cycling between subsets of solutions. For achieving this goal, attributes of moves, more precisely the reversals of the original ones, are stored in a tabu list. The reversal moves that contain attributes stored in tabu list are designated tabu and they are excluded from the search process. Regarding the tabu search variant implemented, these attributesare the nodes involved in the move (all the moves used in the this method can be characterized by indicating only two nodes) and the corresponding routes where these nodes belong to. The number ofiterations that arcs’mobil ity is restricted is known as tabu list size or tabu tenure. The management of the tabu list is achieved by removing the move which has been on the tabu list longest.2.3. Aspiration criterionThe aspiration criterion is a strategy for overriding the short-term memory functions. The tabu search method implemented, uses the standard aspiration criterion: if a move gives a higher quality solution than the best found so far, then the move is selected regardless its tabu status.Tabu Search algorithm terminates when the number of iterations conducted is larger than the maximum number of iterations allowed. 3. Developing the internet-based application toolWeb services offer new opportunities in business landscape, facilitating a global marketplace where business rapidly create innovative products and serve customers better. Whatever that business needs is, Web services have the flexibility to meet the demand and allow to accelerate outsourcing. In turn, the developer can focus on building core competencies to create customer and shareholder value. Applicationdevelopment is also more efficient because existing Web services, regardless of where they were developed, can easily be reused.Many of the technology requirements for Web services exist today, such as open standards for business to-business applications, mission-critical transaction platforms and secure integration and messaging products. However, to enable robust and dynamic integration of applications, the industry standards and tools that extend the capabilities of to days business-to-business interoperability are required. The key to taking full advantage of Web services is to understand what Web services are and how the market is likely to evolve. One needs to be able to invest in platforms and applications today that will enable the developer to quickly and effectively realize these benefits as well as to be able to meet the specific needs and increase business productivity.Typically, there are two basic technologies to be implemented when dealing with internet-based applications; namely server-based and client-based. Both technologieshave their strong points regarding development of the code and the facilities they provide. Server-based applications involve the development of dynamically created web pages. These pages are transmitted to the web browser of the client and contain code in the form of HTML and JAVASCRIPT language. The HTML part is the static part of the page thatcontains forms and controls for user needs and the JAVASCRIPT part is the dynamic part of the page. Typically, the structure of the code can be completely changed through the intervention of web server mechanisms added on thetransmission part and implemented by server-based languages such as ASP, JSP, PHP, etc. This comes to the development of an integrated dynamic page application where user desire regarding problem peculiarities (calculating shortest paths, execute routing algorithms, transact with the database, etc.) is implemented by appropriately invoking different parts of the dynamic content of such pages. In server-based applications allcalculations are executed on the server. In client-based applications, JAVA applets prevail. Communication of the user is guaranteed by thewell-known JAVA mechanism that acts as the medium between the user and code.Everything is executed on the client side. Data in this case have to be retrieved, once and this might be the time-consuming part of the transaction.In server-based applications, server resources are used for all calculations and this requires powerful server facilities with respect to hardware and software. Client-based applications are burdened with data transmission(chiefly related to road network data). There is a remedy to that; namely caching. Once loaded, they are left in the cache archives of the web browser to be instantly recalled when needed.In our case, a client-based application was developed. The main reason was the demand from the users point of view for personal data discretion regarding their clients. In fact, this information was kept secret in our system even from the server side involved.Data management plays major role in the good function of our system. This role becomes more substantial when the distribution takes place within a large and detailed road network like this of a major complex city. More specifically, in order to produce the proposed the routing plan, the system uses information about:●the locations of the depot and the customers within the road networkof the city (their co-ordinates attached in the map of the city),●the demand of the customers serviced,●the capacity of the vehicles used,●the spatial characteristics of road segments of the net work examined, ●the topography of the road network,●the speed of the vehicle, considering the spatial characteristics of theroad and the area within of which is moved,●the synthesis of the company fleet of vehicles.Consequently, the system combines, in real time, the available spatial characteristics with all other information mentioned above, and tools for modelling, spatial, non-spatial, and statistical analysis, image processing forming a scalable, extensible and interoperable application environment. The validation and verification of addresses of customers ensure the accurate estimation of travel times and distances travelled. In the case of boundary in the total route duration, underestimates of travel time may lead to failure of the programmed routing plan whereas overestimates can lower the utilization of drivers andvehicles, and create unproductive wait times as well (Assad, 1991). The data corresponding to the area of interest involved two different details. A more detailed network, appropriately for geocoding (approximately 250,000 links) and a less detailed for routing (about 10,000 links). The two networks overlapped exactly. The tool that provides solutions to problems of effectively determining the shortest path, expressed in terms of travel time or distance travelled, within a specific road network, using the Dijkstra’s algorithm(Winston,1993). In particular, the Dijkstra’s algorithm is used in two cases during the process of developing the routing plan. In the first case, it calculates the travel times between all possible pairs of depot and customers so that the optimizer would generate the vehicle routes connecting them and in the second case itdetermines the shortest path between two involved nodes (depot or customer) in the routing plan, as this was determined by the algorithm previously. Due to the fact, that U-turn and left-,right-turn restrictions were taken into consideration for network junctions, an arc-based variant of the algorithm was taken into consideration (Jiang, Han, & Chen, 2002). The system uses the optimization algorithms mentioned in the following part in order to automatically generate the set of vehicle routes (which vehicles should deliver to which customers and in which order) minimizing simultaneously the vehicle costs and the total distance travelled by the vehicles This process involves activities that tend to be more strategic and less structured than operational procedures. The system helpsplanners and managers to view information in new way and examine issues such as:●the average cost per vehicle, and route,●the vehicle and capacity utilization,●the service level and cost,●the modification of the existing routing scenario by adding orsubtracting customers.In order to support the above activities, the interface of the proposed system provides a variety of analyzed geographic and tabulated data capabilities. Moreover, the system can graphically represent each vehicleroute separately, cutting it o? from the final routing plan and offering the user the capability for perceiving the road network and the locations of depot and customers with all details.4. Case studyThe system developed was used in the Central Food Market of Athens, Greece. The specific Market involves 2 an area of 320,000m in thesouth-west region of Athens greater area (Agios Ioannis Rentis, Athens, Greece) at the boundary of port of Pireaus, Greece. This Market is basically a hybrid of two submarkets; the first one involves fresh vegetables and fruits and the second one fresh meat. A Central Food Market is an organization that involves numerous small enterprises that sell and distribute fresh food products, chiefly fresh vegetables, fruits fish and meat. It is considered to be the place where supply and demand come together and where prices are determined in conditions of transparency and open exchange. Every day, the market is visited by thousands of operators and traders who consider it the best place in which to carry out their transactions. The market is used by companies specializing in the food sector, traditional retailers, the city markets, supermarkets, hypermarkets, hotel and catering establishments.The fresh vegetables and fruits market involves 690 small and medium enterprises that cover an area of 2 7,100m , while the Meat market involves105 small 2 and medium enterprises that cover an area of 6050m . As a complementary area to the Markets, Athens Central Food Market has a Services and Warehouses Area, to serve the growing economic activity generated by the Food Unit. Cash& Carry, purchase centers, distribution and logistics, storage, handling and packaging, cold stores available for rent, motor vehicle services .Inshort, all the services operators required. The market need for effcient logistics requires specialization and investment(trucks, cold stores, etc.), in order to be competitive and provide the growing level of service demanded. Every day, this market complex offers a selection of fruits and vegetables, both in the range of products and varieties and in the sheer volume on offer, which makes it the largest fruit and vegetable market in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. Athens Central Market responds to the challenge of effciently and reliably serving the most important food sector in Greece, offering a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, meats, meat products in unrivalled conditions of hygiene and safety. The Meat Market is concerned not only with distribution but also with production. Many farmers participate directly in the Athens Central Market, as it actively promotes products with denomination of origin and quality certificates. Athens Central Market installations involve roughly 500 parking places.The application can be found at the internet address cookie entrance. The system was appropriately coded in the form of a java applet encapsulated in a Web page accessible by the users through the Web Server of the organization. There were several restrictions that were taken into consideration as user requirements. The application had to be compact, user-friendly, the data entered that would concern a specific enterprise could not be transparent to others, including the organization and full reports ready to use by truck drivers had to be generated.5. ConclusionsThis paper presented an system to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related spatial and non-spatial information for solving the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem using metaheuristic algorithms. This system used to automatically generate vehicle routing plans such that all customers demands were met, no constraints were violated and a combination of vehicle costs and distance travelled was minimized. The architecture of the system was based on an integrated JAVA Web Applet equipped with interactive communication capabilities between peripheral software tools. The system that was developed in distributed software fashion technology for all Web browsers running on any platform, and it was successfully applied to the area of Greater Athens for the benefits of Athens Central Food Market enterprises.基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统N. Prindezis,C.T. Kiranoudis化工学院,国立技术大学,15780雅典,希腊收到2003年9月13日,在经修订的形式收到的2003年12月20号,接受2004年1月27日可在线二〇〇四年十二月十日摘要本文介绍了一种基于Internet的物流管理系统,以协调和传播解决异构车辆路径问题采用适当的启发式技术,任务和相关信息,为企业的连锁网络作品的使用。

物流管理报告

物流管理报告

物流管理报告一、引言物流管理是一项重要的经营活动,它涉及到货物的运输、仓储、包装、信息传递等多个环节。

本报告旨在对物流管理进行深入研究和分析,并提供一些建议和解决方案。

二、物流管理的重要性1. 提高效率:物流管理可以优化物流流程,减少运输时间和成本,提高整体运营效率。

2. 提供良好的客户服务:物流管理能确保产品准时送达,提高客户满意度,并为客户提供快捷、高质量的服务。

3. 降低库存成本:通过合理的物流管理,可以减少库存积压和资金占用,降低库存成本。

三、物流管理中的挑战和问题1. 运输管理:包括选择最佳的运输方式、运输路线的规划以及物流仓储的管理等。

2. 供应链协调:要实现高效的物流管理,必须保持供应链上各环节的协调与合作。

3. 信息系统的改进:物流管理需要支持高效的信息传递和数据分析,因此信息系统的改进是一个关键问题。

四、物流管理的解决方案1. 运输管理的解决方案:实施合理的运输规划和路线优化,采用现代化的运输工具和设备,提高运输效率和减少成本。

2. 供应链协调的解决方案:建立供应链管理系统,通过信息共享、协作和协调,保持整个供应链的流畅运作。

3. 信息系统的改进方案:引入先进的物流管理软件和技术,实现数据的自动化采集和分析,提高信息系统的管理能力。

五、案例分析以某电子产品制造公司为例,介绍他们在物流管理方面的改进与创新,包括采用先进的仓储管理系统,实施供应链协同,以及优化运输路线等措施,从而提高了物流效率,降低了成本,提升了客户满意度。

六、物流管理的发展趋势1. 绿色物流:注重环保、节能和减排,提倡可持续发展的物流管理方式。

2. 信息化物流:应用新技术,如物联网、大数据分析等,实现物流信息的实时监控和管理。

3. 灵活供应链:建立灵活的供应链网络,能够适应市场快速变化和多样化的需求。

七、结论物流管理对企业的运营和发展至关重要,它的优化和改进将为企业带来更高的效率和竞争力。

通过合理的运输管理、供应链协调以及信息系统的改进,可以解决物流管理中的挑战和问题,并为企业带来更多的机遇和发展空间。

物流管理报告

物流管理报告

物流管理报告物流管理报告1. 概述物流管理报告旨在提供有关物流活动的详细信息和绩效评估。

它包括物流流程、资源利用、效率和成本等关键指标的分析,以及对改进和优化措施的建议。

2. 物流流程分析报告首先对物流流程进行分析,包括从供应商到客户之间的流程。

分析物流流程有助于识别瓶颈和优化机会,以提高物流效率和减少成本。

流程分析应包括以下方面:- 供应链的多个环节,包括采购、进货、仓储和配送等。

- 物流活动的时间和资源消耗。

- 相关的技术和系统的使用情况。

3. 资源利用分析报告还应对物流资源的利用情况进行评估。

这包括人力资源、设备、仓储空间和运输工具等。

分析资源利用的目的是确保资源的充分利用并提高物流效率。

4. 效率评估物流管理报告应对物流活动的效率进行评估。

这可以通过以下指标来实现:- 物流流程的速度,如货物处理时间和交货时间。

- 订单准确率和退货率。

- 物流成本占销售额的比例。

- 顾客满意度和投诉率等。

5. 成本分析报告还应对物流活动的成本进行分析。

这包括直接成本和间接成本。

直接成本包括运输成本、仓储成本和库存成本等。

间接成本包括管理和支持活动的成本。

成本分析的目的是发现潜在的成本节约机会并制定成本控制措施。

6. 改进建议最后,物流管理报告应提供改进和优化措施的建议。

这些建议可能涉及以下方面:- 流程优化,如消除瓶颈和减少冗余步骤。

- 技术和系统的改进,如实施物流管理软件和自动化设备。

- 资源的重新分配和利用。

- 成本控制措施,如采购合理化和优化运输路线。

总之,物流管理报告为企业提供了关于物流活动的详细信息和绩效评估,以及改进和优化措施的建议。

它有助于提高物流效率、降低成本,并提高顾客满意度。

中国企业的物流服务管理 英译中

中国企业的物流服务管理 英译中

中国企业的物流服务管理英译中外文参考文献译文中国企业的物流服务管理萧红、许茂增等:重庆交通大学管理学院摘要在今天的商业环境下,服务竞争是绝对必要,不可避免的。

全球化的业务和竞争压力的增加,促使许多公司发展物流,并将物流作为公司成本和服务优势的企业战略中的一部分。

为了充分满足客户日益增长的需求,物流企业提供了一站式服务。

物流服务提供商也已经积极主动的采取措施来扩大他们在中国市场的服务范围。

根据调查,我们发现行业公司希望第三方物流企业能够降低物流成本和提供综合的物流服务。

第三方物流是可以满足顾客要求的物流战略。

关键词:物流,服务,公司1 引言全球经济的出现和竞争的加剧,让许多公司认识到,管理他们供应链和服务创新对市场的重要性。

第三方物流行业正在迅速增长,北美第三方物流产业每年增长的比例大[1]致为15%-25%,与目前的财政收入来估计大概为760亿美元。

2001年中国的第三方物流的产值约为400亿人民币。

从2000年到2005年,中国第三方物流每年的增长速度超[2]过了25%。

全球化的业务和竞争压力的增加,促使许多企业将发展物流作为其成本和服务优势[3]的一部分(麦金尼斯和科恩,2002年)。

如今,许多制造商和零售商正在寻求提供外包的物流服务供应商,为他们的市场迅速介绍产品和创新服务。

他们的行动似乎反映了商业企业使用物流服务提供商来满足他们不断增加的物流服务需求的发展趋势(利布和[4]米勒,2002年)。

一般情况下,物流服务提供商大致可以定义为:执行客户端公司的[5]全部或部分物流功能的提供商。

这里的物流功能至少包括管理和经营的运输和仓储两个功能。

一个物流服务提供商还可以提供其他的服务,例如物料管理服务 (例如库存[6]管理)、相关的信息服务 (例如跟踪和追踪) 和增值服务 (例如商品的再次组装)。

为了充分满足客户日益增长的需求,提供了一站式服务,很多物流服务提供商已经采取[7]措施,以扩大自己的服务范围(墨菲和戴利,2001年)。

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最新卓越管理方案您可自由编辑目录摘要:发现先行者为什么要关注物流?物流的演变—从 1PL到5PL中国物流业的发展在途运营和在仓储中的货物与信息流第三方物流市场在中国崭露头角市场有多大?未来何在?现有的参与者上市公司及其兼并和收购的潜在可能性公司档案--中国东方航空公司中国国家航空公司中国邮政中国南方航空公司EAS国际运输有限公司和记港口公司胜科物流中外运附录--案例研究1:自营或业务外包?--中国公司的矛盾案例研究2:在华的外国第三方物流公司案例研究3:美国与欧洲物流业的经验发现先行者摘要供应链管理包含了为满足消费者的需求,对从产地到消费地的货物、服务及信息的流动和储存所进行的计划、运行和控制。

它是所有商业活动的一个重要部分。

只要想想就知道,早晨从自家门口拿到的报纸,从原材料,如印刷油墨和新闻纸,到记者写的文章和广告,以及编辑和印刷过程,然后是传递到顾客,将报纸送到家门口,是一个复杂的协调的流程。

随着中国有望成为规模巨大的世界制造业基地,物流虽已是一个大产业,但仍有扩展的空间。

我们估计2000年中国的物流费用超过2000亿美元。

未充分发展的、不连贯的产业许多企业的物流过程—从原材料的获得到最终产品的完成—愿意自营方式,拥有自己的运输队、仓库和劳动力,外包业务的方式发展不起来。

由于地理的和管理上的限制,中国物流业局限于整个流程的某一段,例如仓储和点到点运输,几乎没有一体化的服务提供商。

物流管理的本质是采用系统的方法来降低物流总成本,以满足顾客的需求。

目前这种单一物流功能的运作即使达到最低成本,也不是最佳的模式。

分散的但充满机会的产业这一产业有许多参与者。

其中大多数企业都从各自原来的专业领域(诸如公路运输、船运、仓储、港口与空中货运)发展而来。

小公司居多,例如,中国有270万家公路运输企业,但是平均每家只拥有1.43辆运营车辆。

由于资源、技能有限,大多数公司不可能与中国的国家品牌相称,也难以适应中国入世后的发展步伐。

货物运输的低效率经常是最让公司头痛的事。

客户愿意为物流服务支付酬金,那些能够因应市场变化的物流公司将有机会赢得更高的市场份额与回报。

对大多数公司而言是低回报产业,但对少数公司而言是高回报产业服务的一体化程度越高,用户的信任度和忠诚度就越高。

中国单一功能的物流运营商基本上是资产所有者和提供商,由于不断有许多新公司进入这一产业,他们正面临严重的供应过剩问题。

合同物流公司与第三方的物流(3PL)能够提供一站式全包服务,他们拥有先进的管理技术,并且可以作为物流资源或能力的购买者从供应过剩中获益。

典型的3PL提供商倾向于低资产投入、快周转、高回报。

我们估计,在未来10年内,中国第三方物流市场将以每年20%的速度增长。

日益增长的外包业务,服务提供商的联合随着中国经济融入全球经济、国有企业的股份制改造,以及效率优先和成本控制,将驱使企业去寻求外包物流服务。

中国物流业必须建立在发达国家的经验和较低成本的基础上。

政府已经意识到必须尽快发展物流业,在第十个五年计划中提出要建设有效的物流基础设施,例如地区性的配送中心。

外国物流公司缺乏经验、本土网络、配送中心、本土知识以及能获取业务的国内客户关系。

我们相信,本土公司与国外物流公司之间的兼并和联合将不断涌现。

对于资产密集型的运输公司,我们认为通过联合来获得规模经济是竞争取胜的关键。

现有的中国上市公司不是一体化第三方物流服务的提供者中国物流上市公司的大部分收入基本来源于能力提供(capacity privision)(或是第二方物流服务),尽管他们中的大多数渴望成为第三方物流公司。

在这些运输企业中,我们发现港口经营者由于其在资源上的垄断性而更具吸引力,例如,和记港口控股公司(和记黄埔未上市的子公司)和中商控股公司,对于第三方物流领域,我们将重点介绍新加坡上市的胜科物流公司在华的第三方物流子公司。

我们期望一些未上市的公司,在未来两年内,当他们的第三方物流业务更发达时将进入这一市场。

本土的网络与国外专业物流公司的合作将成为一种成功的模式。

为什么关注物流?据载,物流的概念是美国陆军少校(詹母斯·C·约翰逊和唐纳德·F·伍德)在1905年首次提出的,用于军队运筹,包括部队本身的调遣,还包括在规定时间内高精确度地提供后勤保障,只有这样才能赢得胜利,此话一点不假。

第二次世界大战也为实战运筹研究作出了贡献,研究成果在物流方面得到广泛运用。

在过去的几十年里,物流也成为企业在商界竞争中立于不败之地的关键因素。

诸如全面质量管理等管理技术,已经将质量管理要求从产品生产环节扩展到运送产品到最终客户,以及从减少分项成本扩展到总成本的最大效用。

在中国,物流业的变革才刚刚开始。

开放一个不发达的产业物流是一个能从业务外包、中国市场的开放─更重要的是─从投资者潜在的高投资回报率中受益的产业。

在大多数产业拥有大量的国有企业并且存在能力过剩问题时,第三方物流仍是一块未开发的领域。

本土物流企业在过去的几年中才刚刚开始进入第三方物流领域,目前规模都很小,而外国物流企业还未成为实质性的参与者。

物流不是“风行一时”产业自去年以来,物流在中国受到前所未有的关注,政府已将其列为第十个五年计划的发展重点。

这只会是风行一时吗?我们认为不是。

随着外国公司大举进入中国的各个领域,国有企业力求自我生存,越来越多的本土公司成为全国性的知名品牌(图1),供应链成本以及有效运输的能力都是需要仔细研究的。

企业生存的关键,就是要变得高效和富有竞争力。

企业需要比传统运输和仓储更可靠的一体化物流服务。

图1 国家品牌的发展品牌类别估算商标价值(10亿元)红塔山香烟 43.90海尔电子设备 33.00长虹电视 26.00五粮液酒 12.06TCL 电视 10.59联想计算机 10.32一汽汽车 9.66科隆空调 9.62康佳电视 9.54三九制药 7.39美的空调 6.38青岛啤酒啤酒 5.95小天鹅洗衣机 5.68容声冰箱 5.22燕京啤酒 4.57来源:北京著名商标估算报告,2000,摩根·斯坦利中国市场的特点国有企业的自营物流是计划经济的产物。

根据《国际集装箱》(2001年9月)提供的资料,在中国,工业企业的原材料物流配送只有18%是通过第三方来进行的,而制成品的物流配送由第三方来进行的就更少,只有16%。

甚至一些销售额达到1000万元人民币的企业,仍拥有自己的运输车队和仓储设施。

后邓经济时代的巨大变化导致在物流需求方面也发生了巨大变化,但是传统的运输公司对这些变化的反应却很迟钝,以至于他们的服务远远跟不上客户的需求。

这也就意味着物流市场有一大片需求空白需要填补。

另外,地域的限制和复杂烦琐的法规,使得物流操作对大多数企业来说是一件头痛的事情。

因此,企业宁愿花钱请专门的物流公司来满足他们的需要。

地域考虑不能孤立地看待物流,地理因素是很重要的。

中国370万平方英里,比美国面积稍大。

本文所附的地图显示了两个国家一些有趣的共同点:北京和纽约,上海和新奥尔良,差不多在同一纬度。

然而,地形图却显示了巨大的差别。

美国有东、西海岸,而中国的西部却是连绵的群山,起伏的高原和广袤的沙漠。

在中国的东西部之间运输就象是打壁球,而在美国则象在玩高尔夫。

(图2和图3)图2 中美地理比较(略)图3 地形图和人口分布图(略)在美国,太平洋气流给西部带来湿润的气候,而中国的西部在冬天则只有来自西伯利亚的干季风。

沿蒙古高原一线的年平均降雨量不足5英寸,然而在东南沿海的一些地方象广东和浙江,年平均降雨量超过75英寸。

东部地区已经提前进入小康,属相对富裕地区,拥有雄厚发达的农业基础和支持国际贸易的港口设施。

因此,在中国繁荣的东部和贫穷的西部所运输的货物有很大差别。

另外,美国大约有1/3的陆地面积是山地和沙漠,其余都很平坦。

在中国,比例正好相反,导致东部平坦地区人口密集度高。

一道艰难的运营风景由于上述地理特征,物流成了巨大的运营挑战。

搭配货物运输订单是很困难的,以至于运输车辆是满载而去放空而归。

大多数集装箱货物由东部运往西部,木料由东北运往东南,煤炭、原油和金属矿由西部运往东部。

例如,一家深入研究了市场行情的跨国食品公司,决定夏季在新疆销售其优质品牌的冰淇淋,由于一辆普通卡车运输的成本大概是69元人民币/吨公里,甚至还要收取12元保险费,很少有卡车愿意跑这种长途运输业务。

而且这种冷藏货柜卡车从新疆返回时经常是放空。

运营规模大的一体化物流服务提供商,应该能在处理这种不平衡业务中找到合适的机会,从而降低服务成本。

客户的困难变成了物流企业的机会,这就是运营规模的优势。

法规限制在中国,人口超过1000万以上的特大城市,如北京、上海和重庆,交通管制是必要的。

例如,一辆北京牌照的卡车可能能在别的城市运营,但在上海,却规定外地牌照车辆自早晨到深夜禁止运营,只有上海本地的卡车可以在白天运营。

更有甚者,交通部、外经贸部、国家民航总局、中国邮政总局和地方政府权利机关纷纷卷入制定法规和办理相关营运执照,最终导致缺乏合作,低灵活性,对市场需求反应迟钝和地方保护主义。

这种复杂情况使得一体化的物流服务更有价值。

一体化物流公司将如何应对这些限制呢?要与政府权力部门很好地沟通,尽快获得运营许可和超前的网络建设,也就是发挥先行者的优势。

图4 外方投资目录法规框架细目外方的参与相关许可批准部门国际货运限制外经贸部航空货运限制国家民航总局、外经贸部物流中心鼓励交通部、外经贸部国内卡车货运限制交通部、外经贸部并购(consolidation)限制交通部、外经贸部仓储鼓励交通部、外经贸部海关经济业高度限制海关总署、外经贸部海运公司限制交通部、外经贸部航空公司高度限制国家民航总局、外经贸部来源:香港贸易发展委员会,摩根·斯坦利研究为什么投资者关注这一领域?1)巨大的市场:根据国务院的一份研究报告,2000年中国物流总成本占GDP的20%,是美国的2倍。

《国际集装箱》(2001年9月)估计,物流成本约占GDP的16.7%。

平均起来,制造商90%的时间是花在物流上,只有10%的时间花在生产上。

很明显,事实上的低效率在中国是存在的,由此导致高库存以及货物运转慢的弊病。

大多数企业仍采用过时的模式,即通过降低各个运输环节的成本来缩减总的运输成本。

然而,物流管理采用的是系统的方法。

例如,尽管铁路运输比较便宜,发送内存芯片时却采用付更高费用的空运来解决,以使总成本发挥最大效用。

缩短运送时间带来的利益,低库存以及原材料价格的低风险都有助于降低总成本。

图5就显示了一些改进后的物流可能带来成本的节约。

图5 寻求高效率的巨大市场中国若减少可节约资金其他国家物流成本占GDP(2000) 20% 10% 1080亿美元美国 10%物流成本占工业总产值 40% 20% 953亿美元世界:15-20%跨国公司:5-8%积压库存占GDP(2000) 50% 4% 4950亿美元美国:3.8%来源:中国物流的潜力与发展陈文玲2)级数型增长的第三方物流:第三方物流的比例在中国大概为2%,远远低于美国的8%和欧洲的10%。

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