农村老人的娱乐方式分析

一、农村老人的娱乐方式

One, the rural elderly form of entertainment

中国的农村与城市有很大的不同，体现在老人的娱乐方式上：城市的老年人在家可以看电视、听广播，出门则可以逛公园、去老年人活动中心下棋、打球、跳舞、放风筝等；而在农村，这些都几乎不被老年人所拥有，农村老人的主要娱乐方式有看电视、打牌（麻将）、聊天、参加宗教活动、赶集、睡觉等。

China's rural and urban has very big different, reflect on the old man's entertainment: urban elderly people can watch TV at home, listening to the radio, go out then you can park, to the elderly activity center to play chess, play, dance, fly a kite, etc; And in the countryside, these all were the elderly have little, rural elderly main entertainment to watch TV, play CARDS, mahjong), chat, and participate in religious activities, market, sleeping, etc.

（一）看电视

(a) watch TV

改革开放以后，随着农村经济的发展，拥有电视机的农村家庭越来越多，闲暇时间看电视就成了大多数农村老人的主要娱乐方式。通过收看各种电视节目，农村老人一方面开阔了视野，加深了对外面世界的认知，在汲取知识的同时消磨了时间，达到了娱乐的目的。电视在起到了娱乐功能的同时，也有一些局限，表现在：一是有些农村老人上学时间短，识字少，导致他们文化水平低，使他们不能理解和吸收一些电视节目的内容；二是有些农村老人，尤其是少数民族老人一辈子只说方言，不懂普通话，看电视有时也只是在看画面，电视能带给他们的娱乐就十分有限。另外，即便拥有电视，也有很多老人选择有时收看，有时不看，主要原因在于适合他们收看的节目太少。

After reform and opening up, with the development of rural economy, rural family has a television is becoming more and more leisure time watching television has become the main entertainment. Most of the rural elderly By watching all kinds of TV programs, rural elderly widened the field of vision on the one hand, to deepen the cognition to the outside world, spent my time in the acquisition of knowledge at the same time, achieve the purpose of the entertainment. While play the function of entertainment, TV also has some limitations, displays in: one is some rural elderly school time is short, the less literate, contributed to their cultural level is low, so that they can't understand and absorb some of the content of television programs; Second, some rural elderly, especially minority old man a lifetime only speak in tongues, don't understand mandarin, watch TV sometimes just looking at the screen, TV can bring their entertainment is limited. In addition, even with the TV, there are many old people choose to watch sometimes, sometimes, main reason is suitable for the program they watch.

（二）打牌（麻将）

(2) CARDS (mahjong)

改革开放之前，农民的生产方式以集体为主，公共生活也多；实行家庭联产承包责任制之后，农民开始单干，公共生活日渐稀少，闲暇时间不少人便感到孤独和寂寞。牌桌可以增进农村老人的人际交往，消除其孤单寂寞，刺激大脑活跃并预防老年痴呆症的发生。但是农村的牌桌容易被扭曲为兴盛的赌博事业，通过扑克、麻将、牌九、纸牌等工具，赌博的形式五花八门，农闲和节日时尤为猖獗。赌博使原本健康有益的娱乐方式发生质变，诱发许多不良因素，在农村赌博造成的悲剧屡见不鲜：或输光多年积蓄，债务累累，甚而倾家荡产，偷盗抢劫。另外，久坐打牌容易引发心肌梗死等疾病，不利于老人的健康，因而，老人打牌的时间最好不要超过两个小时。

Before the reform and open policy, give priority to with collective peasant mode of production, public life is great; After the household contract responsibility system, farmers began to go it alone, public life becomes scarce, spare time a lot of people feel lonely and lonely. Tables can improve rural elderly interpersonal communication, to eliminate the lonely, stimulate the brain activity and the prevention of alzheimer's disease. But rural tables are easy to be distorted to flourish of gambling business, through the poker, mahjong, PaiJiu, CARDS and other tools, gambling in the form of multifarious, in particularly rampant and holidays. Gambling qualitative change in the original healthy entertainment, cause many adverse factors, caused the tragedy of the common occurance in rural gambling: or the lost years of savings, debt, or even ruin, steal to rob. In addition, sedentary CARDS easy to cause the disease such as myocardial infarction, unfavorable to the old man's health, therefore, the old man play time had better not more than two hours.

（三）聊天

(3) chat

城市化进程不断加快，大量的农村青年人纷纷进城，农村逐渐出现了空巢化和老龄化。农村留守老人在默默操劳的同时，还要承受内心里对子女的思念、生活的压力以及孤独和寂寞的煎熬。聊天可以让老人增强自信、乐观开朗，适当消除农村老人孤独、紧张、害怕等不利情绪，因此，许多农村老人把聊天视为自己一大爱好。农村老人与子女面对面交流的时间减少，他们聊天的对象一般局限在街坊邻居中与自己情况类似的同伴，当遇到不顺心的事或感到寂寞难耐时，相互倾诉成为他们的一大娱乐方式。

With the accelerating of urbanization, a large number of rural young people rushed to the town, the countryside gradually appeared empty nest and aging. Rural rear old man in silent and work at the same time, also want to bear children miss in the heart, the pressure of the life and the loneliness and loneliness. Chat can let old man confidence, optimistic and cheerful, appropriate to eliminate the rural old man lonely, nervous, afraid of bad mood, so, many of the rural elderly chat as its a big hobby. Face-to-face time reduce rural elderly and children, they chat object is generally limited in the neighbourhood with their similar companion, when goes wrong things or feel so lonesome, talk to each other to become one of their big entertainment.

（四）参加宗教活动