中考名词+代持+冠词教学案

名词

☆ 名词分类

（人名、地名、抽象名）

名词

（个体名词、集体名词）

（物质名词、抽象名

★ 名词变复数

规则变化

（1）一般情况下加，如books, days, years…

（2）以结尾的单词加es, 如：classes, boxes, matches, brushes…

（3）+y 结尾，变y 为i+es, 如：city-cities, country-countries, party-parties…

（4）+y 结尾，直接加s, boy-boys, toy-toys…

（5）以f, fe 结尾的，一般情况需要变f, fe 为, 如：wife, knife, wolf, self, thief, shelf, leaf, life 口诀：

但是有些特殊词汇直接加s，如：

口诀：长颈鹿站在屋顶上，眺望海湾、挥舞手帕。

注意：scarf 可以加s 也可以变f 为v+es.

（6）以o 结尾，记住这些需要加es:

口诀：黑人和英雄在火山上用土豆西红柿和芒果砸死一只蚊子。注

意：mango 可以加s 也可以加es.

不规则变化

（1）中间结尾特殊变：ox- , foot- , tooth- , goose- ,

man- , woman- , child- , mouse- .

（2）单复同形：

（3）特殊肉类：

鱼：；；

鸡：；

（4）八国联军（请写出常见国人的复数）：

口诀：中日两瑞永不变，英法荷兰a 变e，其他s 加后边，尤其小心德国人。

☆ 名词短语变复数

规则变化

一般情况下把后面名词复数：girl student - ；boy student -

不规则变化

（1）男人女人：man teacher- ; woman teacher-

口诀：男人前后都变

（2）有主体：father-in-law-

（3）无主体：go-between- ; forget-me-not-

口诀：有主体变主体，没主体加后面

★ 不可数名词用法

（1）不可数名词特征：

常见量词搭配：

a of chocolate

a of rice

a of tea…

量词用法：

★ 名词所有格

有生命的：

（1）某人的: the girl’s mother

（2）规则复数名词: the two girls’ mother

（3）不规则复数名词: children’s book

（3）共同拥有，.

（4）分别拥有，.

无生命的：

无生命的

（1）=B 的A

（2）变态所有格：表国家或城市：（中国的首都）

（3）变态所有格：表时间或者距离:

（一月的时间；三个小时的车程）

特殊：

*表节日需注意：（母亲节；儿童节；教师节）*双重所有格：: 表示整体的一个或一部分

例：爸爸众多朋友当中的一人

*表住宅、店铺、诊所：在医务所在Tina 家里

代词

★ 人称代词

1. 分为。

2. 使用规则：动词前- ，动词或介词后-

3. 排序：最前，最后，男在前，女在后。注意：承认错误，担当责任时，最前。

★ 物主代词

1. 分为。

2. 使用规则：形容词性物主代词+名词= 物主代词

★ 反身代词

1. 常用短语：

玩得高兴

make oneself at home

照顾某人

有礼貌

express oneself

talk to oneself

请随便吃…

come to oneself

给自己穿衣服

迷路，迷失

独立，独自

★ 疑问代词&指示代词

疑问代词：

（可充当名词、名词短语和句子）指示代词：

同一类：this

these

同一个：It

that those

★ 不定代词

例句：I have some work to do today.

You can take any of the books here. They didn’t have any friends here.

Have you got any questions to ask? Would you like some money?

Do you want some coffee?

【注意】

①. 当前面有just, still, only, quite 时，后常用

②. quite a few 与only a few 的区别

quite a few 意为“”，only a few 意为“”

例句：He's been busy with this for quite a few days.

I have spent a few days, but walked only a few places.

注意：

①. 形容词修饰复合不定代词，形容词

②. else 与复合不定代词的摆放位置：

例句：He said nothing interesting.

Do you want anything else?

注意：

意为“不是...就是...; 要么...要么...”

意为“既不…也不…”

例句：She is either drunk or mad.

Neither she nor I knew.

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。D

After 21 years of marriage，my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a movie．She said．"I love you but I know the other woman loves you and would love to spend some time with you．"

The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my mother, who had been a widow(寡妇)for 19 years，but the needs of my work and my three children had made it impossible to visit her regularly．

That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie．"What's wrong? Are you well?" she asked at once．My mother is the type of woman who prefers to think that a late night call or a surprise invitation is a sign of bad news．"I think that it will be pleasant to be with you，"I replied．"Just two of us．"She thought about it for a moment，and then said，"I would like that very much．"

That Friday after work．I drove over directly to pick her up．When I arrived at her house，I noticed ▲． She had curled her hair and was wearing a nice dress．Her smile was as bright as an angel's．

We went to a restaurant that．although not elegant(高雅的)，was very nice and comfortable．My mother took my arm as if she were the First Lady．After we sat down，I had to read the menu．When I lifted my eyes and saw Morn sitting there looking at me．A nostalgic smile was on her face．She said．"It was I who used to read the menu when you were small．" "Then it's time that you should relax and let me return the favor(恩惠)．"I smiled back．

During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation—nothing special，but catching up on recent happenings

in each other's life．We talked so much that we missed the movie．As we arrived at her house later, she said．"I'll go out with you again, but only if you let me invite you．"I agreed．

A few days later, my mother died of a heart attack．It happened so suddenly that I did not have a chance to do anything for her．Some time later, I received a letter with a short note inside，which said，"You will never know what that night meant for me．I love you，son!"

（1）What is the writer's purpose(目的)in writing Paragraph One?

A.To introduce the topic．

B.To get the readers interested．

C.To make a comparison．

D.To tell the background information．

（2）The writer's mother felt at first when she was invited to dinner on the phone．

A.worried

B.sick

C.shameful

D.awful

（3）Which can best fill in the blank( ▲ )in the passage?

A.site was watching TV alone in her living room

B.site had just finished all the housework for today

C.she was busy choosing among her favorite dresses

D.she had already been waiting in the door with her coat on

（4）The underlined word "nostalgic" in Paragraph Five means in Chinese．

A.慈祥的

B.关爱的

C.怀旧的

D.神秘的

（5）What message is mainly passed on to the readers in the last two paragraphs?

A.The mother regretted missing the movie．

B.The mother was satisfied with the night out．

C.The son felt painful for his mother's sudden death．

D.The son had decided to spend more time with his mom．

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文主要讲作者的妻子建议作者带他自己的妈妈去吃饭，向我们讲述了一个看似平常却又饱含深情的故事。

（1）考核段落大意，从第一段I love you but I know the other woman loves you and would love to spend some time with you可知作者的妻子提议作者邀请”别的女人”去吃饭，目的是激发读者的兴趣。故选B。

（2）细节题，从第三段My mother is the type of woman who prefers to think that a late night call or a surprise invitation is a sign of bad news可知作者妈妈接到电话表示震惊，后文说到深夜给妈妈打电话，意味着不好的事情，所以妈妈表示担心，故选A。

（3）语境理解题，从When I arrived at her house，I noticed ▲． She had curled her hair and was wearing a nice dress．Her smile was as bright as an angel's可知，当作者到达时，妈妈已经等在那里了，表明妈妈当时迫不及待和高兴的心情，故选D。

（4）细节题，从第七段It was I who used to read the menu when you were small．" "Then it's time that you should relax and let me return the favor(恩惠)可知，妈妈说到“你小的时候我为你点菜，现在作为回报，你为我点菜”，所以是一种怀旧式的笑，故选C。

（5）综合理解题，从最后两段内容得知，妈妈对儿子的邀请很开心，最后一句You will never know what that night meant for me．I love you，son!表明那一晚对她意义非同一般，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，在阅读本文时首先应该顺着故事情节去理解某些细节。最后在理解问题的基础上，再针对每一个选项去还原文章所在之处，得到精准的答案。

2．阅读理解

I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I thought that the act of writing is the coolest thing in the world.

Years later, during her final illness, my mother kept different things for my sister and my brother.“ But the desk，” She said, “it's for Helen.”

Although I knew she loved me and she only showed it in action, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. But they never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional (易动感情的)”，but she lived “on the surface”．

I had my own family later. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she forgave me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. It didn't come.

My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happened. I wasn't even sure if the letter had got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I never heard from her!

Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.

Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.

（1）The writer began to love her mother's desk ________.

A.when mother gave it to her

B.before she was badly ill

C.when she was a child

D.after mother died

（2）From the passage, we can know that the writer's mother ________.

A.was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter

B.was too serious about everything her daughter had done

C.cared much about her daughter in words

D.wrote to her daughter in careful words

（3）The underlined word “gulf” means “________” in Chinese.

A.理解

B.鸿沟

C.沟通

D.港湾

（4）What did mother do with her daughter's letter asking forgiveness?

A.She had never received the letter.

B.For years, she often talked about the letter.

C.She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life.

D.She read the letter again and again till she died.

（5）What's the best title of the passage?

A.My Letter to Mother

B.Mother and Children

C.My Mother's Desk

D.Talks between Mother and Me

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文叙述了作者的妈妈是从事写作的，经常看见妈妈在课桌旁忙碌，所以作者在小的时候，就喜欢妈妈的桌子了，妈妈也了解女儿的心思，在去世前把课桌留给了她，作者给妈妈的信也在课桌里找到了。课桌寄托了作者对妈妈的思念之情。（1）细节理解题。根据I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. 可知，自从作者长到和桌子差不多高的时候，就喜欢上了妈妈的桌子，说明作者在小的时候，就喜欢妈妈的桌子了。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据短文第三段可知，作者的妈妈虽然爱作者，但是她只是付诸于行动，表面是冷漠的，但是内心是对作者很好的。故选A。（3）词义猜测题。根据Although I knew she loved me and she only showed it in action, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. But they never happened.因为妈妈没有和作者进行了交心的谈话，所以推测应该妈妈和女儿之间出现了鸿沟，故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.可知，作者给妈妈写的信被叠了很多次，说明妈妈看了许多次，故选D。（5）标题归纳题。根据短文的内容可知，文章围绕妈妈的课桌写的，作者从小就喜欢妈妈的课桌，妈妈在去世前把课桌留给了作者，作者对课桌也充满了感情，同时也寄托了对妈妈的感情寄托。故选C。

【点评】标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达，多为词组或短语，涵盖性强。做这类题目时，要在阅读全文的基础上，以文章话题为核心，通过比较选项的概括性或覆盖面，得出正确的标题。正确标题的归纳范围要恰如其分，避免过于具体或断章取义。错误的干扰往往是局部信息，以事实，细节替代，概括大意。5题干扰性最大的选项是A，作者给妈妈的信是短文后来提到的，并非贯穿短文内容的。

3．阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

A British man has learned the skills needed to perform Beijing Opera, making the audience (观众) enjoy his lively

performance of the Monkey King.

Ghaffar Pourazar, born in Iran, said he has been a big fan of Bruce Lee since he was a child and is full of interest about China. In 1993, he happened to watch Beijing Opera performed in London by professionals from Jingju Theatre Company of Beijing. Ghaffar said he fell in love with the beautiful voices, colorful costumes, excellent shows and so on. So after one year, he arrived in China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school.

At the age of 32, he had to learn with teenage students every day, starting from the most basic training of the legs and waist. At the time, he was mostly troubled by the dialogue in Beijing Opera. To him, it was the biggest obstacle. But he never gave up.

Four years later, he began to learn to perform the Monkey King, a traditional character from the Chinese classic story Journey to the West. He said he arrived in the workroom an hour earlier than other performers and also bought books and CDs to better understand the character.

Ghaffar today is not only good a speaking Beijing dialect (方言) but has also built a fame for Beijing Opera. He once got a top international prize for performing the Monkey King.

To help more people enjoy Beijing Opera, Ghaffar often teaches the traditional art form in schools in the United States, Britain and other countries. When he found that the language was difficult to understand, he started to translate Beijing Opera song lyrics. Ghaffar led a group of actors to perform 66 times in a month and a half in the United States. He also led a 48-member team to perform in Malaysia. In the past 10 years, he has performed in more than 400 shows.

（1）In the year of 1994, Ghaffar began to ________.

A.make friends with Bruce Lee

B.take an interest in China

C.learn Beijing Opera in Beijing

D.act the part of the Monkey King

（2）The underlined word "obstacle" in Paragraph 3 probably means "________".

A.chance

B.problem

C.topic

D.dream

（3）It can be inferred from the passage that Ghaffar ________.

A.is successful in performing Beijing Opera

B.has written some books about Beijing Opera

C.got a prize for translating Journey to the West

D.doesn't need any more members in his team

（4）The passage is most probably from the part of ________ in a newspaper.

A.sports

B.business

C.culture

https://www.360docs.net/doc/3213918493.html,cation

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要叙述出生在伊朗的英国人加法尔。他从小就是李小龙的忠实粉丝，对中国充满兴趣，他爱上了美丽的声音、多彩的服装、精彩的演出等等。开始学习京剧的过程。今天的加法尔不仅是一个讲北京话的好地方，而且还因京剧而出名。他曾因表演《猴王》获得国际最高奖项。为了帮助更多的人欣赏京剧，加法尔经常在美国、英国和其他国家的学校教授传统的艺术形式。当他发现这门语言很难理解时，他开始翻译京剧歌词。

（1）细节理解题。根据after one year, he arrived in China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school.一年后，他独自来到中国，在北京的一所学校学习京剧。可知1994年在北京学习京剧，故选C。

（2）词义猜测题。根据At the time, he was mostly troubled by the dialogue in Beijing Opera.当时，他主要为京剧的对白所困扰。可知对外国人来说对白是最大的问题。A：chance机会；B：problem问题；C：topic题目； D： dream梦想。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据Ghaffar today is not only good a speaking Beijing dialect but has also built a fame for Beijing Opera. He once got a top international prize for performing the Monkey King.今天的加法尔不仅是一个讲北京话的好地方，而且还因京剧而出名。他曾因表演《猴王》获得国际最高奖项。可以推知他在京剧方面是成功的，故选A。

（4）文章出处题。本文主要介绍加法尔他爱上了美丽的声音、多彩的服装、精彩的演出等等。开始学习京剧的过程并因京剧而出名。他曾因表演《猴王》获得国际最高奖项。可以推知文章来自于报纸上的中国文化的一部分，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4．阅读理解

A.The State of Qin.

B.The State of Zhao.

C.The State of Chu.

（2）Why did the people of Qin follow Shang Yangs new laws?

A.They believed in Shang Yang.

B.They were afraid of Shang Yang.

C.Shang Yang gave them gold pieces.

（3）What is "Ru Mu San Fen" often used to describe now?

A.A man of his word.

B.Sharp ideas or useful views.

C.A well—known hero of the state.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍三则成语故事。

（1）细节理解题。由表格一In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin had a fight with the State of Zhao, Zhao needed some talented people to ask for help from Chu. Then Mao Sui—the man who believed he was the right person for this task came and recommended (推荐) himself.可知毛遂是战国时代赵国人，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。由表格二After that, the people of Qin believed Shang was a man of his word. So they all followed Shang's new laws later.可知秦国人相信商鞅，才会服从商的新法。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。由Now "Ru Mu San Fen" is often used to describe sharp ideas or useful views.可知现在入木三分被用于说明尖锐的想法或有用的观点。故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

5．阅读理解

We all know that many women like to wear dresses. They enjoy many kinds of colourful and popular dresses. But have you ever heard of a 4D dress?

Jessica Rosenkrantz in the USA used 3D printing technology to make a very special and new dress. It will help with the problems of different styles of women's dresses.

The dress maker called the special dress a"4D dress" ". It is like the fabric(织物). It can turn into different kinds of shapes.

The company, in Massachusetts, the USA, also made a smartphone and an app(应用). They can help women to control their dresses. If women use the phone and the app, they can change the colour, the style and many other things of the dresses. Isn't it very interesting?

When she talked about her work, Jessica said, "There will be many more changeable dresses for women in the future. I am interested in making them too, I can't wait to make different kinds of new dresses for women."

（1）What will the 4D dress do for women?

A.It will make women relax themselves a lot.

B.It will turn into different styles for women.

C.It will help women keep thin and beautiful.

D.It will help women find good jobs easily.

（2）What does the underlined word "It" in the passage refer to?

A.The 4D dress.

B.3D printing technology.

C.A company.

D.The dress maker.

（3）What will Jessica do in the future?

A.She will have many companies around the world.

B.She will buy a very new smartphone and use the app.

C.She will make many more changeable dresses.

D.She will help women choose more beautiful dresses.

（4）From the passage, we can infer that _________________.

A.Jessica Rosenkrantz used a common thing to make the 4D dress

B.the 4D dress can only turn into ten kinds of shapes for women

C.the company in the UK made the smartphone to control the 4D dress

D.women may use the phone and the app to change the style of the dress

（5）What's the best title for this passage?

A.Women's hobbies

B.Women's styles

C.Jessica's drear

D.The 4D dress

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了4D连衣裙，未来会有更多适合女性的多变服装。

（1）推理题。根据 they can change the colour, the style and many other things of the dresses 可知， 4d服装对于女性来说，它会变成不同的风格，故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据The dress maker called the special dress a"4D dress" ". It is like the fabric(织物). It can turn into different kinds of shapes服装制造商称这种特殊服装为“4d服装”。它就像织物(织物)。它可以变成不同的形状可知it指代4D连衣裙，故选A。

（3）细节题。根据 I can't wait to make different kinds of new dresses for women 可知杰西卡将来会做很多更易变的衣服，故选C。

（4）推理题。根据If women use the phone and the app, they can change the colour, the style and many other things of the dresses 如果女性使用手机和应用程序，她们可以改变衣服的颜色、风格和其他许多东西可知，

女性可能会使用手机和应用程序来改变着装风格，故选D。

（5）主旨题。根据本文介绍了4D连衣裙，未来会有更多适合女性的多变服装可知The 4D dress是适合的标题，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。