2000年考研英语二真题与答案_毙考题
2000考研英语二试卷及答案
2000考研英语二试卷及解答Section I Use of English (10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 1 ofreason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America 2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but 3 communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN DrearrWhile I can strive for 4 into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that —— 5 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something 6 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately, by coming to America my parent, 7 the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited 8 last summer, found that I was 9 and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi drivers would 11 to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our 12 where we had come from.And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With 17 numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated 20 Japan's export success in America.01. [A] one [B] part [C] much [D] some02. [A] country [B] city [C] land [D] society03. [A] hardly [B] frequently [C] approximately [D] always04. [A] scholarship [B] citizenship [C] admittance [D] integration05. [A] toward [B] near [C] between [D] among06. [A] more [B] better [C] larger [D] longer07. [A] sold [B] maintained [C] memorized [D] sacrificed08. [A] Japan [B] China [C] Korea [D] Thailand09. [A] scorned [B] respected [C]surprised [D] ignored10. [A] side [B] head [C] eyes [D] back11. [A] like [B] refuse [C] straggle [D] want12. [A] skin [B] clothes [C] faces [D] politeness13. [A] also [B] so [C] yet [D] then14. [A] hated [B] ignored [C] treated [D] welcome15. IAI homeless [B] careless [C] selfless [D] shameless16. [A] fear [B] need [C] interest [D] hate17. [A] growing [B] expanding [C] developing [D] enlarging18. [A] people [B] residents [C] students [D] foreigners19. ,[Al diligence [B] laziness [C] hardship [D] stubbornness20. [A] for [B] to [C] with [D] atgection II Reading Comprehension (60%)Part A (40 %)Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).Text 1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directorsthat includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A "sanitized"description of a hac attempt or other incident - one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim- can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hac that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon , CNN and Yahoo! this year identified several North Carolina victims. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cybercrime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said. "The Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."21. From the first paragraph, we know[A] InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B] public agencies.[C] FBI.[D] private industry.23. By saying "too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility" the author means[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D] many companies suffer from computer hac because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24. All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B] vi victims have no fkewalls.[C] the use of modem is increasing.[D] companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25. It can be concluded from the passage that[A] not all hac attempts are worthy of investigation.[B] information of the victims is inaccessible.[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] Amazon was once disrupted by hac .Text 2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put "a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession andstay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.The data are stri : when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a poor job of. recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching at mid-career.26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C] Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because .[A] it offers low pay.[B] they have interest in other professions.[C] it does not value productivity.[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.29. "The data are stri : when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture" means .[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30. All can be concluded BUT .[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text 3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth. It was created in 1969 to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for 68 years, andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer. Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific, and its prize as not a proper Nobel. Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics. Gunnar Myrdal, who shared the award in 1974,said the prize ought to be abolished (but he did not return the money). Milton Friedman, winnerin 1976, doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the 1990s, the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence. Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act. The father of game theory won only after Mr. Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work, the best of which was done beforehe became ill. Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier. In 1998, the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes, the 1997 Nobel laureates. The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths. Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised, died a year too soon to join his collaborators on thepodium. Last year, many economists hoped that Zvi Griliches, a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize, and was suffering from a long illness, would win. He didnot, and died soon afterwards. Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson, one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker, who was a friend of Griliches, want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession. Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians; advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect, a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker. Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head, and you saw it, then you got the prize. But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics, you didn't get it."31. From the first paragraph, we learned that .[A] the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B] Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C] Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32. We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during 1990s, .[A] Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D] Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33. According to the text, the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is .[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C] hostile.[DJ indifferent.34. From the third paragraph, we learn that .[A] Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B] the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C] younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D] Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35. In the last paragraph of the text, Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is .[A] critical.[B] approving.[C] angry.[D] ironic.Text 4In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry - all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service, Tips, which are voluntary, above and beyond a service's contracted cost, and delivered afterwards, should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom hasbecome institutionalised: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is lesscommon; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are moreextrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers: And, says' Mr Lynn, "in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tippingis about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip - a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses, no doubt.While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should "just be paid a decent wage" may actually makeeconomic sense.36. From the text we learn that Americans .[A] are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B] like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C] are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so.[D] are giving less and less tips.37. According to Paragraph 3, we learn that .[A] tips are voluntary in America.[B] people don't tip in Europe.[C] tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D] tipping is now popular in Iceland.38. According to Michael Lynn, .[A] nervous people do not usually tip.[B] A merican people are anxious.[C] Icelanders don't like to show off.[D] people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39. The text indicates that in America .[A] customers tip 8% to 37% of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B] a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip 15%.[C] the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D] the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get 15-20%.40. According to the text, the author believes that in America .[A] the better the service, the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C] tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D] tips cannot prompt better service.Part B (20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).(41) There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World. showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty - of the spirit. For instance, one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides every year by children under 15, and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World. Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children. (42) But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each dayto do abstract work in offices, shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appearin banks. Instead. the child sees mother an(t father, relations and neighbours wor nearby, and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work: helping to dig or build, plant or water, tend to animals or look after babies - rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, building with construction toys, keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43) These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts. Set days and times are few and self-explanatory, determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring. (44) A child in the rich world, on the other hand. is provided with a wrist-watchas one of the earliest symbols of ~owing up. so that he or she can worry, along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times clinic times, bed times, the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors, still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas, dangerous roads, 'keep off the grass' signs and 'don't speak tostrangers', there is often a sense of freedom to play. (45)Parents can see their children outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up. And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease. But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing (30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students. What do you think good studentsare like? Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion. Provideone or two examples where necessary. You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument. You shouM write 240-280 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).参照解答[A卷]解答：e of English （10%）01.B 02.D 03.A 04.C 05.A 06.C 07.D 08.C 09.A 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。
2000年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］ other than ［B］ as well as［C］ instead of ［D］ more than2.［A］ only if ［B］ much as［C］ long before ［D］ ever since3.［A］ for ［B］ against［C］ of ［D］ towards4.［A］ replace ［B］ purchase［C］ supplement ［D］ dispose5.［A］ enhance ［B］ mix［C］ feed ［D］ raise6.［A］ vessels ［B］ routes［C］ paths ［D］ channels7.［A］ self-confident ［B］ self-sufficient［C］ self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］ search ［B］ save［C］ offer ［D］ seek9.［A］ proportion ［B］ percentage［C］ rate ［D］ ratio10.［A］ genuinely ［B］ obviously［C］ presumably ［D］ frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded toblind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions ［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］ The revival of the economy depends on international cooperate ［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle［B］ restructuring of industry［C］ improved business management［D］ success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children.④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average.⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years —even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］ Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］ Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］ The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］ India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］ life has been improved by technological advance［B］ the number of female babies has been declining［C］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］ Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］ Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］ The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］ Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it isa little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］ about merits of the Futurist movement［D］ about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］ determine its purposes ［B］ ignore its flaws［C］ follow the new fashions ［D］ accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］ increase the production of literature［B］ use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］ develop new modes of expression［D］ avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］ based on reasonable principles［B］ new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］ indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］ more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese moralit y of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］ under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］ a rival to the West ［D］ on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］ Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］ More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］ Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］ The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］ Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］ Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］ More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］ Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］ the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］ the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］ the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］ the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd isthat they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］ its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］ it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］ its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］ it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］ customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］ too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］ dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal ［D］ impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］ they think of it as immoral［B］ their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］ they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］ secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］ easily and momentarily ［D］ verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization —with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect ofbuilding up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart Ⅲ English-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
2000年考研英语真题及解析 (2)
2000年全真试题①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever sinceAmericasemiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence.mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children.happening. Thegrand mediocrity of todaylost 80% of its power in upperFor us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. ［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because. ［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles 21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocriticalhome; thedemocracy many more①fixed in mean thatopenly or made sly.［A［B］［C］［D［A［B］［C］［D［A［B］［C］［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyGovernments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. Forexample, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building upon the ropes 岌岌可危，即将灭亡，处于困境predominance n.优势，主导地位；predominant a.占优势的；主要的；突出的（~over）quick-witted a.机敏的，富于机智的；wit n. 智力，才智，智慧retreat n./vi. 1. ［U］（承诺的）撤回，（立场的）改变，放弃例：a retreat from hard-line policies放弃强硬政策*2. ［C，U］ a movement away from a place or an enemy because of danger or defeat撤退，退却，撤离例：Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow 拿破仑从莫斯科的撤退3. ［C］（对某个环境的）逃避，躲避，隐退shrink vt.&vi.1.（使）（衣物）缩水*2.（使）（数量、体积或价值）变小，减少，缩小例：The number of students has shrunk from 120 to 70.学生人数已从120减至70人。
2000年考研英语真题答案及精析
【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）２０００年考研英语真题ＰａｒｔⅠＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＶｏｃａｂｕｌａｒｙ（１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）ＰａｒｔⅡＣｌｏｚｅＴｅｓｔＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒｅａｃｈｎｕｍｂｅｒｅｄｂｌａｎｋｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅ，ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｕｒｃｈｏｉｃｅｓｍａｒｋｅｄＡ，Ｂ，ＣａｎｄＤ．ＣｈｏｏｓｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｏｎｅａｎｄｍａｒｋｙｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ１ｂｙｂｌａｃｋｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｂｒａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｈａｐｅｎｃｉｌ．（１０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｉｆａｆａｒｍｅｒｗｉｓｈｅｓｔｏｓｕｃｃｅｅｄ，ｈｅｍｕｓｔｔｒｙｔｏｋｅｅｐａｗｉｄｅｇａｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄｈｉｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｓｔｏｒｅａｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆｇｒａｉｎ ４１ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇａｌｌｈｉｓｇｒａｉｎｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ．Ｈｅｃａｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｏｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｈｉｍｓｅｌｆａｎｄｈｉｓｆａｍｉｌｙ ４２ ｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓａｓｕｒｐｌｕｓ．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｕｓｅｔｈｉｓｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｉｎｔｈｒｅｅｗａｙｓ：ａｓｓｅｅｄｆｏｒｓｏ ｗｉｎｇ，ａｓａｎｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ４３ ｔｈｅｕｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｂａｄｗｅａｔｈｅｒａｎｄａｓａｃｏｍｍｏｄｉｔｙｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｍｕｓｔｓｅｌｌｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏ ４４ ｏｌｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｏｂｔａｉｎｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｔｏ ４５ ｔｈｅｓｏｉｌ．Ｈｅｍａｙａｌｓｏｎｅｅｄｍｏｎｅｙｔｏｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｒｒｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ４６ ａｎｄｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｈｉｓｆａｒｍｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｗａｙｓ．Ｉｆｎｏｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｉｓａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ，ａｆａｒｍ ｅｒｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅ ４７ ．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｅｉｔｈｅｒｓｅｌｌｓｏｍｅｏｆｈｉｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｒ ４８ ｅｘｔｒａｆｕｎｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｏｆｌｏａｎｓ．Ｎａｔｕ ｒａｌｌｙｈｅｗｉｌｌｔｒｙｔｏｂｏｒｒｏｗｍｏｎｅｙａｔａｌｏｗ ４９ ｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ，ｂｕｔｌｏａｎｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｋｉｎｄａｒｅｎｏｔ ５０ ｏｂｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ．４１．Ａ．ｏｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎ Ｂ．ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓ Ｃ．ｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆ Ｄ．ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ４２．Ａ．ｏｎｌｙｉｆＢ．ｍｕｃｈａｓＣ．ｌｏｎｇｂｅｆｏｒｅＤ．ｅｖｅｒｓｉｎｃｅ４３．Ａ．ｆｏｒＢ．ａｇａｉｎｓｔＣ．ｏｆＤ．ｔｏｗａｒｄｓ４４．Ａ．ｒｅｐｌａｃｅＢ．ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅＣ．ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔＤ．ｄｉｓｐｏｓｅ４５．Ａ．ｅｎｈａｎｃｅＢ．ｍｉｘＣ．ｆｅｅｄＤ．ｒａｉｓｅ４６．Ａ．ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓＢ．ｒｏｕｔｅｓＣ．ｐａｔｈｓＤ．ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ４７．Ａ．ｓｅｌｆ ｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｔＢ．ｓｅｌｆ ｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＣ．ｓｅｌｆ ｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄＤ．ｓｅｌｆ ｒｅｓｔｒａｉｎｅｄ４８．Ａ．ｓｅａｒｃｈＢ．ｓａｖｅＣ．ｏｆｆｅｒＤ．ｓｅｅｋ４９．Ａ．ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎＢ．ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅＣ．ｒａｔｅＤ．ｒａｔｉｏ５０．Ａ．ｇｅｎｕｉｎｅｌｙＢ．ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙＣ．ｐｒｅｓｕｍａｂｌｙＤ．ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙＰａｒｔⅢＲｅａｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｂｅｌｏｗｉｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｓｏｍｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．ＦｏｒｅａｃｈｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｓｍａｒｋｅｄＡ，Ｂ，ＣａｎｄＤ．Ｒｅａｄｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｓｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｃｈｏｏｓｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔａｎｓｗｅｒｔｏｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｔｈｅｎｍａｒｋｙｏｕｒａｎ ｓｗｅｒｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ１ｂｙｂｌａｃｋｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｂｒａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｈａｐｅｎｃｉｌ．（４０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ１Ａｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｌｏｎｇａｎｄｅｆｆｏｒｔｌｅｓｓｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｃａｎｂｅａｄｒｅａｄｆｕｌｈａｎｄｉｃａｐ，ｂｕｔ，ｉｆｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙｈａｎｄｌｅｄ，ｉｔｍａｙｂｅ ｃｏｍｅａｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｆｏｒｃｅ．ＷｈｅｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｅｎｔｅｒｅｄｊｕｓｔｓｕｃｈａｇｌｏｗｉｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄＷｏｒｌｄＷａｒ，ｉｔｈａｄａｍａｒｋｅｔｅｉｇｈｔｔｉｍｅｓｌａｒｇｅｒｔｈａｎａｎｙｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｏｒ，ｇｉｖｉｎｇｉｔｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｕｎｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｅｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｏｆｓｃａｌｅ．Ｉｔｓｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ｓｂｅｓｔ，ｉｔｓｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｓｋｉｌｌｅｄ．ＡｍｅｒｉｃａａｎｄＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｒ１【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题 系统精析ｏｕｓｂｅｙｏｎｄｔｈｅｄｒｅａｍｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｓａｎｄＡｓｉａｎｓｗｈｏｓｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｔｈｅｗａｒｈａｄｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｅｄ．Ｉｔｗａｓｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｅｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｐｒｉｍａｃｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｎａｒｒｏｗｅｄａｓｏｔｈｅｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｇｒｅｗｒｉｃｈｅｒ．Ｊｕｓｔａｓｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｙ，ｔｈｅｒｅｔｒｅａｔｆｒｏｍｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅｐｒｏｖｅｄｐａｉｎｆｕｌ．Ｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｄ １９８０ｓ，Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｈａｄｆｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓａｔａｌｏｓｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｉｒｆａｄｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ．ＳｏｍｅｈｕｇｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ，ｈａｄｓｈｒｕｎｋｏｒｖａｎｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｅｏｆｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ．Ｂｙ１９８７ｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｏｎｌｙｏｎｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｔｅｌｅｖｉｓｉｏｎｍａｋｅｒｌｅｆｔ，Ｚｅｎｉｔｈ．（Ｎｏｗｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｎｅ：ＺｅｎｉｔｈｗａｓｂｏｕｇｈｔｂｙＳｏｕｔｈＫｏｒｅａ ｓＬＧＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｉｎＪｕｌｙ．）Ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｍａｄｅｃａｒｓａｎｄｔｅｘｔｉｌｅｓｗｅｒｅｓｗｅｅｐｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔ．Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ ｓｍａｃｈｉｎｅ ｔｏｏｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｗａｓｏｎｔｈｅｒｏｐｅｓ．Ｆｏｒａｗｈｉｌｅｉｔｌｏｏｋｅｄａｓｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｍａｋｉｎｇｏｆｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｓ，ｗｈｉｃｈＡｍｅｒｉｃａｈａｄｉｎｖｅｎｔｅｄａｎｄｗｈｉｃｈｓａｔａｔｔｈｅｈｅａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｗｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒａｇｅ，ｗａｓｇｏｉｎｇｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｃａｓｕａｌｔｙ．Ａｌｌｏｆｔｈｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄａｃｒｉｓｉｓｏｆｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅ．Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｓｔｏｐｐｅｄｔａｋｉｎｇｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙｆｏｒｇｒａｎｔｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｙｂｅｇａｎｔｏｂｅ ｌｉｅｖｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｒｗａｙｏｆｄｏｉｎｇｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｗａｓｆａｉｌｉｎｇ，ａｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｃｏｍｅｓｗｏｕｌｄｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｓｈｏｒｔｌｙｂｅｇｉｎｔｏｆａｌｌａｓｗｅｌｌ．Ｔｈｅｍｉｄ １９８０ｓｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｏｎｅｉｎｑｕｉｒｙａｆｔｅｒａｎｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆＡｍｅｒｉｃａ ｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ．Ｔｈｅｉｒｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓｓｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎａｌｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｗｅｒｅｆｉｌｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｗａｒｎｉｎｇｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓ．Ｈｏｗｔｈｉｎｇｓｈａｖｅｃｈａｎｇｅｄ！Ｉｎ１９９５ｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｃａｎｌｏｏｋｂａｃｋｏｎｆｉｖｅｙｅａｒｓｏｆｓｏｌｉｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｗｈｉｌｅＪａ ｐａｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇ．ＦｅｗＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｈｉｓｓｏｌｅｌｙｔｏｓｕｃｈｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｃａｕｓｅｓａｓｄｅｖａｌｕｅｄｄｏｌｌａｒｏｒｔｈｅｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｃｙｃｌｅ．Ｓｅｌｆ ｄｏｕｂｔｈａｓｙｉｅｌｄｅｄｔｏｂｌｉｎｄｐｒｉｄｅ．“Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｓｃｈａｎｇｅｄｉｔｓｓｔｒｕｃ ｔｕｒｅ，ｈａｓｇｏｎｅｏｎａｄｉｅｔ，ｈａｓｌｅａｒｎｔｔｏｂｅｍｏｒｅｑｕｉｃｋ ｗｉｔｔｅｄ，”ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＲｉｃｈａｒｄＣａｖａｎａｇｈ，ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅｄｅａｎｏｆＨａｒｖａｒｄ ｓＫｅｎｎｅｄｙＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＧｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ．“ＩｔｍａｋｅｓｍｅｐｒｏｕｄｔｏｂｅａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｊｕｓｔｔｏｓｅｅｈｏｗｏｕｒｂｕｓｉｎｅｓ 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ｓｃｒｉｂｉｎｇｓｏｕｎｄｓｗｅｍｕｓｔｍａｋｅｕｐｗｏｒｄｓｔｈａｔｉｍｉｔａｔｅｔｈｅｍ；ｗｅｍｕｓｔｕｓｅｍａｎｙｓｉｚｅｓｏｆｔｙｐｅａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｃｏｌｏｒｅｄｉｎｋｓｏｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐａｇｅ，ａｎｄｓｈｏｒｔｅｎｏｒｌｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｗｏｒｄｓａｔｗｉｌｌ．Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙｔｈｅｉｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｂａｔｔｌｅｓａｒｅｃｏｎｆｕｓｅｄ．ＢｕｔｉｔｉｓａｌｉｔｔｌｅｕｐｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｔｏｒｅａｄｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｏｒｙｎｏｔｅｓｔｈａｔａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｉｎｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓａｆｉｇｈｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎａＴｕｒｋｉｓｈａｎｄａＢｕｌｇａｒｉａｎｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｏｎａｂｒｉｄｇｅｏｆｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｙｂｏｔｈｆａｌｌｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒ—ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｏｆｉｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｉｎｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｉｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｆａｌｌｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｗｅｉｇｈｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ：“Ｐｌｕｆｆ！Ｐｌｕｆｆ！Ａｈｕｎｄｒｅｄａｎｄｅｉｇｈｔｙ ｆｉｖｅｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｓ．”Ｔｈｉｓ，ｔｈｏｕｇｈｉｔｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｓｔｈｅｌａｗｓａｎｄｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ，ｃａｎｈａｒｄｌｙｂｅｃｌａｓｓｅｄａｓＬｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．Ａｌｌｔｈｅｓａｍｅ，ｎｏｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇｍａｎｃａｎｒｅｆｕｓｅｔｏａｃｃｅｐｔｔｈｅｉｒｆｉｒｓｔｐｒｏｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ：ｔｈａｔａｇｒｅａｔｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｏｕｒｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｌｉｆｅｃａｌｌｓｆｏｒａｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｉｓｒｅａｌｌｙｔｈｉｓ：ｈａｖｅｗｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙｃｈａｎｇｅｄ？５９．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙ ．［Ａ］ａｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆｎｅｗａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｔｏａｒｔ［Ｂ］ａｒｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ［Ｃ］ａｂｏｕｔｍｅｒｉｔｓｏｆｔｈｅＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ［Ｄ］ａｂｏｕｔｌａｗｓａｎｄｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ６０．Ｗｈｅｎａｎｏｖｅｌｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｉｄｅａａｐｐｅａｒｓ，ｐｅｏｐｌｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｔｒｙｔｏ 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ｍｉｒｅｄ，ｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｎｏｔｌｅａｓｔａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ．Ｉｎａｎｏｄｄｗａｙ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｉｔｉｓｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｗｈｏｈａｖｅｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｏｈａｖｅｇｉｖｅｎｕｐａｎａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｓａｎｉｄｅａｌ．Ｗｈａｔｉｓｏｄｄｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｈａｖｅｐｅｒｈａｐｓｍｏｓｔｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｅｄｆｒｏｍａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ—ｉｆｎｏｔａｌ ｗａｙｓｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｔｈｅｎｔｈａｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐａｒｅｎｔｓａｎｄｇｒａｎｄｐａｒｅｎｔｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｈｅａｖｙｎｏｔｅｏｆｈｙｐｏｃｒｉｓｙｉｎｔｈｉｓ，ａｃａｓｅｏｆｃｌｏｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｂａｒｎｄｏｏｒａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｈｏｒｓｅｓｈａｖｅｅｓｃａｐｅｄ—ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓｒｉｄｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅｍ．Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｏｎｏｔｓｅｅｍｌｅｓｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｅｄｉｎｓｕｃｃｅｓｓａｎｄｉｔｓｓｉｇｎｓｎｏｗｔｈａｎｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙ．Ｓｕｍｍｅｒｈｏｍｅｓ，Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎｔｒａｖｅｌ，ＢＭＷｓ—ｔｈｅｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｐｌａｃｅｎａｍｅｓａｎｄｎａｍｅｂｒａｎｄｓｍａｙｃｈａｎｇｅ，ｂｕｔｓｕｃｈｉｔｅｍｓｄｏｎｏｔｓｅｅｍｌｅｓｓｉｎｄｅｍａｎｄｔｏｄａｙｔｈａｎａｄｅｃａｄｅｏｒｔｗｏｙｅａｒｓａｇｏ．Ｗｈａｔｈａｓｈａｐｐｅｎｅｄｉｓｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｃａｎｎｏｔｃｏｎｆｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｄｒｅａｍｓ，ａｓｅａｓｉｌｙａｎｄｏｐｅｎｌｙａｓｏｎｃｅｔｈｅｙｃｏｕｌｄ，ｌｅｓｔｔｈｅｙｂｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｐｕｓｈｉｎｇ，ａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｖｅａｎｄｖｕｌｇａｒ．Ｉｎ ｓｔｅａｄ，ｗｅａｒｅｔｒｅａｔｅｄｔｏｆｉｎｅｈｙｐｏｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｓｐｅｃｔａｃｌｅｓ，ｗｈｉｃｈｎｏｗｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｅｖｅｒｓｅｅｍｉｎａｍｐｌｅｓｕｐｐｌｙ：ｔｈｅｃｒｉｔｉｃｏｆＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｓｍｗｉｔｈａＳｏｕｔｈａｍｐｔｏｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｈｏｍｅ；ｔｈｅｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｒｏｆｒａｄｉｃａｌｂｏｏｋｓｗｈｏｔａｋｅｓｈｉｓｍｅａｌｓｉｎｔｈｒｅｅ ｓｔａｒｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔｓ；ｔｈｅｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｔａｄｖｏｃａｔｉｎｇｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｏｒｙｄｅｍｏｃｒａｃｙｉｎａｌｌｐｈａｓｅｓｏｆｌｉｆｅ，ｗｈｏｓｅｏｗｎｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎａｒｅｅｎｒｏｌｌｅｄｉｎｐｒｉｖａｔｅｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ．Ｆｏｒｓｕｃｈｐｅｏｐｌｅａｎｄｍａｎｙｍｏｒｅｐｅｒｈａｐｓｎｏｔｓｏｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｏｎａｌ，ｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｕｌａ ｔｉｏｎｉｓ，“Ｓｕｃｃｅｅｄａｔａｌｌｃｏｓｔｓｂｕｔａｖｏｉｄａｐｐｅａｒｉｎｇａｍｂｉｔｉｏｕｓ”．Ｔｈｅａｔｔａｃｋｓｏｎａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｒｅｍａｎｙａｎｄｃｏｍｅｆｒｏｍｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｎｇｌｅｓ；ｉｔｓｐｕｂｌｉｃｄｅｆｅｎｄｅｒｓａｒｅｆｅｗａｎｄｕｎｉｍｐｒｅｓ ｓｉｖｅ，ｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｙａｒｅｎｏｔｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｕｎａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅ．Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔ，ｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｓａｈｅａｌｔｈｙｉｍｐｕｌｓｅ，ａｑｕａｌｉｔｙｔｏｂｅａｄｍｉｒｅｄａｎｄｆｉｘｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｎｄｏｆｔｈｅｙｏｕｎｇ，ｉｓｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎｉｔｈａｓｅｖｅｒｂｅｅｎｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ．Ｔｈｉｓｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｍｅａｎｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓａｔａｎｅｎｄ，ｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｆｅｅｌｉｔｓｓｔｉｒｒｉｎｇｓａｎｄｐｒｏｍｐｔｉｎｇｓ，ｂｕｔｏｎｌｙｔｈａｔ，ｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｏｐｅｎｌｙｈｏｎｏｒｅｄ，ｉｔｉｓｌｅｓｓｏｐｅｎｌｙｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｅｄ．Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓ，ｏｆｃｏｕｒｓｅ，ｓｏｍｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｒｉｖｅｎｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄ，ｏｒｍａｄｅｓｌｙ．Ｓｕｃｈ，ｔｈｅｎ，ｉｓｔｈｅｗａｙｔｈｉｎｇｓｓｔａｎｄ：ｏｎｔｈｅｌｅｆｔａｎｇｒｙｃｒｉｔｉｃｓ，ｏｎｔｈｅｒｉｇｈｔｓｔｕｐｉｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ，ａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅ，ａｓｕｓｕａｌ，ｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｅａｒｎｅｓｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｒｙｉｎｇｔｏｇｅｔｏｎｉｎｌｉｆｅ．６７．Ｉｔｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｍａｙｂｅｗｅｌｌｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄｉｆ ．［Ａ］ｉｔｓｒｅｔｕｒｎｓｗｅｌｌｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｅｓ［Ｂ］ｉｔｉｓｒｅｗａｒｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｍｏｎｅｙ，ｆａｍｅａｎｄｐｏｗｅｒ［Ｃ］ｉｔｓｇｏａｌｓａｒｅｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ［Ｄ］ｉｔｉｓｓｈａｒｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｒｉｃｈａｎｄｔｈｅｆａｍｏｕｓ６８．Ｔｈｅｌａｓｔｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｉｍｐｌｉｅｓｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓ ．［Ａ］ｃｕｓｔｏｍａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｏｄｉｓｃａｒｄａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｗｏｒｄｓ［Ｂ］ｔｏｏｌａｔｅｔｏｃｈｅｃｋａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｏｎｃｅｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｌｅｔｏｕｔ［Ｃ］ｄｉｓｈｏｎｅｓｔｔｏｄｅｎｙａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｇｏａｌ［Ｄ］ｉｍｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｏｅｎｊｏｙｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｆｒｏｍａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ６【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）６９．Ｓｏｍｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｏｎｏｔｏｐｅｎｌｙａｄｍｉｔｔｈｅｙｈａｖｅａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ．［Ａ］ｔｈｅｙｔｈｉｎｋｏｆｉｔａｓｉｍｍｏｒａｌ［Ｂ］ｔｈｅｉｒｐｕｒｓｕｉｔｓａｒｅｎｏｔｆａｍｅｏｒｗｅａｌｔｈ［Ｃ］ａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｎｏｔｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅｙｄｏｎｏｔｗａｎｔｔｏａｐｐｅａｒｇｒｅｅｄｙａｎｄｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｔｉｂｌｅ７０．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｌａｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｄｒａｗｎｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ ．［Ａ］ｓｅｃｒｅｔｌｙａｎｄｖｉｇｏｒｏｕｓｌｙ［Ｂ］ｏｐｅｎｌｙａｎｄｅｎｔｈｕｓｉａｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙ［Ｃ］ｅａｓｉｌｙａｎｄｍｏｍｅｎｔａｒｉｌｙ［Ｄ］ｖｅｒｂａｌｌｙａｎｄｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌｌｙＰａｒｔⅣＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ＲｅａｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｏＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ．ＹｏｕｒｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｎｅａｔｌｙｏｎｔｈｅＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．（１５ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄａｃｔｏｎｔｈｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｗｅｌｆａｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｌａｒｇｅｌｙｏｎｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｗｅａｌｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ．（７１）Ｕｎｄｅｒｍｏｄｅｒｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｔｈｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓｖａｒｙｉｎｇｍｅａｓ ｕｒｅｓｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌａｎｄｈｅｎｃｅｔｈｅｈｅｌｐｏｆｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｓｔｓａｎｄｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅ ｓｅａｒｃｈｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ．（７２）Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ，ｉｔｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｏｆａｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｓｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｂｏｕｎｄｕｐｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｉｔｓａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ａｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｉｎｔｕｒｎｒｅｓｔｓｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌ ｏｇｉｓｔｓｏｆａｌｌｋｉｎｄｓ．Ｉｔａｌｓｏｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｃｏｍｐｅｌｌｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｓｅｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｓｔｅｐｕｐｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｎｓｕｒｅｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓｕｔｉｌｉｚｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｂｅｓｔａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ．Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ｔｈｅｙｍａｙｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｗａｙｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｕｐｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ；ｔｈｅｙｍａｙａｌｔｅｒｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｏｒｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｗａｓｔａｇｅｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｒｔａｐｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｈｉｔｈｅｒｔｏｕｎｅｘｐｌｏｉｔｅｄ；ｏｒｔｈｅｙｍａｙｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．Ｉｎａｎｙｃａｓｅ，ａｌｌｓｕｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｈｅａｖｉｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｏｎｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｄｖｉｃｅａｎｄａｌｓｏｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍａｎｐｏｗｅｒｏｆａｌｌｋｉｎｄｓ．（７３）Ｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｍａｓｓ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｐｅｏｐｌｅｅｖｅｒｙｗｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｎｅｗｗａｎｔｓａｎｄａｒｅｂｅｉｎｇｅｘｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｎｅｗｃｕｓｔｏｍｓａｎｄｉｄｅａｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｔｉｌｌｆｕｒ ｔｈｅｒｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｓｇｉｖｅｎａｂｏｖｅ．Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｅｎｏｒｍａｌｒａｔｅｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｔａｋｉｎｇｐｌａｃｅａｔａｖａｓｔｌｙａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｓｐｅｅｄｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐａｓｔ．Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，（７４）ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｉｎｄｕｓ ｔｒｉａｌｉｚｅｄｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｆＥｕｒｏｐｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ—ｗｉｔｈａｌｌｔｈｅｆａｒ ｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｓｏｃｉａｌｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｔｈａｔｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ—ｗａｓｓｐｒｅａｄｏｖｅｒｎｅａｒｌｙａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｗｈｅｒｅａｓｎｏｗａｄａｙｓａｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｎａｔｉｏｎｍａｙｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎａｄｅｃａｄｅｏｒｓｏ．Ａｌｌｔｈｉｓｈａｓｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｕｐｕｎｕｓｕａｌｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｍ ｍｕｎｉｔｙａｎｄｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ．（７５）Ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｓｏｃｉａｌｓｔｒｅｓ ｓｅｓｍａｙａｌｓｏｏｃｃｕｒｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｅｘｐｌｏｓｉｏｎｏｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｒｉｓｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｍａｓｓｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ—ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓｍａｄｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｅａｓｙｎｏｗａｄａｙｓｂｙｍｏｄｅｒｎｍｅａｎｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ．Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆａｌｌｔｈｅｓｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ，ｇｏｖｅｒｎ ｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｏｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｆｏｒｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｔｈｅａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｐｒｏ ｇｒａｍｓａｎｄｐｕｔｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｉｎｔｏｅｆｆｅｃｔ．７【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题 系统精析ＰａｒｔⅤＷｒｉｔｉｎｇ（１５ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ａ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｗｏｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｗｒｉｔｅａｎｅｓｓａｙｏｆａｔｌｅａｓｔ１５０ｗｏｒｄｓ．Ｂ．ＹｏｕｒｅｓｓａｙｍｕｓｔｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｎｅａｔｌｙｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．Ｃ．Ｙｏｕｒｅｓｓａｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｍｅｅｔｔｈｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｂｅｌｏｗ： １）Ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ． ２）Ｄｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｐａｉｎｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ． ３）Ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｃｏｕｎｔｅｒ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓ．ＡＢｒｉｅｆＨｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆＷｏｒｌｄＣｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌＦｉｓｈｉｎｇArray８２０００年考研英语真题答案快速扫描 （１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）４１．Ｃ ４２．Ａ ４３．Ｂ ４４．Ａ ４５．Ｃ ４６．Ｄ ４７．Ｂ ４８．Ｄ ４９．Ｃ ５０．Ｄ５１．Ｃ５２．Ｄ５３．Ｂ５４．Ａ５５．Ｃ５６．Ｂ５７．Ａ５８．Ｄ５９．Ｂ６０．Ａ６１．Ｃ６２．Ｄ６３．Ｂ６４．Ｄ６５．Ｃ６６．Ａ６７．Ａ６８．Ｃ６９．Ｄ７０．Ｂ２０００年考研英语真题答案系统精析ＰａｒｔⅠＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＶｏｃａｂｕｌａｒｙ （１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）ＰａｒｔⅡＣｌｏｚｅＴｅｓｔ文章大意本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调了农民储存余粮的必要性。
(完整)2000年考研英语真题及答案解析,推荐文档
2000年全真试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates. ［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate. ［D］A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking andmechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have longendured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanicallearning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures andtensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
2000全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学测试英语考题答案
2000全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学测试英语考题答案2000年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案Part I Structure and Vocabulary（20points）Section A 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C Section B 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.D Section C 21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.B 31.B 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.C 36.A 37.A 38.D 39.B 40.C PartⅡ Cloze Test（10points）41.C 42.A 43.B 44.A 45.C 46.D 47.B 48.D 49.C 50.D Part III Reading Comprehension（40points）51.C 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.A 61.C 62.D 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.A 67.A 68.C 69.D 70.B PratⅣ English-Chinese Transation （15points）71.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。
72.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
73.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗的思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
74.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
2000年考研外语考试真题及答案
2000年考研外语考试真题及答案一、Use of English1、If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 【B1】consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 【B2】 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 【B3】the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 【B4】 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 【B5】 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 【B6】 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 【B7】 . He must either sell some of his property or 【B8】 extra funds in the form. of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 【B9】 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 【B10】obtainable.【B1】A．other thanB．as well asC．instead of D．more than 2、【B2】A．only ifB．much asC．long before D．ever since 3、【B3】A.forB.againstC.ofD.towards4、【B4】A．replaceB．purchaseC．supplement D．dispose5、【B5】A．enhanceB．mixC．feedD．raise6、【B6】A．vesselsB．routesC．pathsD．channels7、【B7】A．self-confident B．self-sufficient C．self-satisfied D．self-restrained 8、【B8】A．searchB．saveC．offerD．seek9、【B9】A．proportionB．percentageC．rateD．ratio10、【B10】A．genuinelyB．obviouslyC．presumablyD．frequently11、 As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ______ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.A.hearingB.to hearC.to be hearingD.having heard12、 Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ______ to find it locked.A．justB．onlyC．henceD．thus13、 Doctors see a connection between increased amounts of leisure time spent ______ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.A.to sunbatheB.to have sunbathedC.having sunbathedD.sunbathing14、 Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ______ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.A．toB．withC．forD．on15、 On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ______I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston". A．whichB．whereC．whenD．that16、 Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ______ out of the office.A.wentB.goneC.to goD.would go17、 The roles expected ______ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.A.ofB.onC.toD.with18、 Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ______ yon'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.A.orB.andC.forD.so19、 It wasn't so much that I disliked her ______ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.A．ratherB．soC．thanD．as20、 Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ______ one.A．gettingB．to getC．gottenD．get21、 He spoke so ______ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.A．bluntlyB．convincinglyC．emphaticallyD．determinedly22、 France's ______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. A．assumptionB．consumptionC．presumptionD．resumption23、 The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ______ an outburst of interest.A.flaredB.glitteredC.sparkedD.flashed24、 His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two parties ______.A.came offB.came onC.came roundD.came down25、 The system was redesigned so embrace the network and eventually ______ it in a profitable direction.A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer26、 The capital intended to broaden the export base and ______ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled in stead of uneconomic import substitution.A.secureB.extendC.defendD.possess27、 It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ______ at the manager's office.A.declaredB.obtainedC.reclaimedD.recognize28、 When I ______ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.A．woke upB．took toC．picked upD．came to29、 The American society is ______ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.A．established onB．affiliated toC．originated fromD．incorporated with30、 I am not ______ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.A．concernedB．compatibleC．considerateD．complied31、 At first, the ______ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.A．transactionB．transmissionC．transformationD．transition32、 When the committee ______ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.A.got downB.set aboutC.went offD.came up33、 ______ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are stilt covered with thick forests.A.OrientationB.AccessC.ProcessionD.Voyage34、 Mr. Smith had an unusual ______: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.A.professionB.occupationC.positionD.career35、 The mayor is a woman with great ______ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.A．intentionB．instinctC．integrityD．intensity36、 The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and ______ to everyone.A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition37、 The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.A．rendersB．reckonsC．regardsD．relates38、 To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ______, and display interest in the job.A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual39、 You don't have to install this radio in your new car; it's an ______ extra.A．excessiveB．optionalC．additionalD．arbitrary40、 We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't ______ to the traffic jam of the busy city.A．aidB．amountC．addD．attribute41、 (Having isolated) on a remote island, (with) little work (to occupy) them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low (spirits).A.Having isolatedB.withC.to occupyD.spirits42、 If the letter (to be mailed) (was placed) on the writing table an hour ago, it (is) certain (being) there now.A.to be mailedB.was placedC.isD.being43、 The (ruling) party could even lose (its) majority in the lower house of parliament, (started) a period of (prolonged struggling).A.rulingB.itsC.startedD.prolonged struggling44、 The mechanisms (at) work (are manifest) in the tendency for such physical activity (to) utilize the (potential) harmful constituents of the stress response.A.atB.are manifestC.toD.potential45、(In) the long run, however, this hurry (to shed) full-time staff may (be more) harmful (to) industry as it is to the workforce.A.InB.to shedC.be moreD.to46、 See to (it) that you include (in) the examination paper (whatever) questions they didn't know (the answer) last time.A.itB.inC.whateverD.the answer47、 Most newspapers, (while devoting) the major part of (its)space to recent events, usually manage to find (room) on the inside pages for articles (on) some interesting topics.A.while devotingB.itsC.roomD.on48、 One sign (by which) you are making progress in (an art) such as painting or photography is (that) you begin to realize how much (there is) to learn.A.by whichB.an artC.thatD.there is49、 The ideal listener stays both (inside and outside) the music at the moment it is played and (enjoying) it almost (as much as) the composer at the moment he (composes).A.inside and outsideB.enjoyingC.as much asposes50、(Continued) exposure to stress has been linked to (worsened) functioning of the immune system, (leaving) a personmore liable (for) infectionA.ContinuedB.worsenedC.leavingD.for参考答案：【一、Use of English】1~5CABAC6~10DBDCD11~50点击下载查看答案。
2000年考研英语试题及答案
2000年考研英语试题及答案2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 大41家consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47. He must either sell some of his property or 48extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.41. [A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of[D] more than42. [A] only if[B] much as[C] long before[D] ever since43. [A] for[B] against[C] of[D] towards44. [A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose45. [A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed[D] raise46. [A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths[D] channels47. [A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied[D] self-restrained48. [A] search[B] save[C] offer[D] seek49. [A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate[D] ratio50. [A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably[D] frequentlySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the mos t skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decli ne. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that theAmerican ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in educationText 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way o f life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A] A lack of mates.[B] A fierce competition.[C] A lower survival rate.[D] A defective gene.56. What does the example of India illustrate?[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.[A] life has been improved by technological advance[B] the number of female babies has been declining[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution[B] Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D] Human Evolution Going NowhereText 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, itis possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says; for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59. This passage is mainly ________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61. Futurists claim that we must ________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literatureText 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey,it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expressio n. “Those things that do not show up in the test scores -- personality, ability, courage or humanity -- are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. “Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 mil lion citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63. In the Westerner’s eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline64. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanesesociety?[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65. Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeText 5If ambition is62. [D] 63. [B] 64. [D] 65. [C]to be wellregarded,therewardsofambition-- wealth,distinction, controlover one’sdestiny --must bedeemedworthy ofthesacrificesmade onambition’s behalf.If thetraditionofambitionis to havevitality, itmust bewidelyshared;and itespeciallymust behighlyregardedby peoplewho arethemselvesadmired,theeducatednot leastamongthem. Inan oddway,however,it is 61.[C]66. [A] 67. [A] 68. [C] 69. [D] 70. [B]71. 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。
2000年考研英语试题及参考答案（2）
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride." American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government," It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as" a golden age of business management in the United States."51.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____ .［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____ .［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____ .［A］turning of the business cycle［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management［D］success in educationPassage 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, by babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when the are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on itsweight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years even the pass 100year our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates.［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate.［D］A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____ .［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution［B］Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature［D］Human Evolution Going NowherePassage 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says; for a noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts andemotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.'This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly____ .［A］a survey of new approaches to art［B］a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature60.When a novel literary idea appers, people should try to_____ .［A］determine its purposes［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions［D］accept the principles61.Futurists claim that we must____ .［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.。
2000年考研英语真题及答案解析(word文档良心出品)
2000年全真试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates. ［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate. ［D］A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking andmechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have longendured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanicallearning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures andtensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
2000年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案2
2000年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案2Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■] [D]11. Having isolated [A] on a remote island, with [B] little work to occupy [C] them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits [D].12. If the letter to be mailed [A] was placed [B] on the writing table an hour ago, it is [C] certain being [D] there now.13. The ruling [A] party could even lose its [B] majority in the lower house of parliament, started [C] a period of prolonged struggling [D].14. The mechanisms at [A] work are manifest [B] in the tendency for such physical activity to [C] utilize the potential [D] harmful constituents of the stress response.15. In [A] the long run, however, this hurry to shed [B] full-time staff may be more [C] harmful to industry as it is to [D] the workforce.16. See to it [A] that you include in [B] the examination paper whatever [C] questions they didn’t k now the answer [D] lasttime.17. Most newspapers, while devoting [A] the major part of its[B] space to recent events, usually manage to find room [C] on the inside pages for articles on [D] some interesting topics.18. One sign by which [A] you are making progress in an art [B] such as painting or photography is that [C] you begin to realize how much there is [D] to learn.19. The ideal listener stays both inside and outside [A] the music at the moment it is played and enjoying [B] it almost as much as [C] the composer at the moment he composes [D].20. Continued [A] exposure to stress has been linked to worsened[B] functioning of the immune system, leaving [C] a person more liable for [D] infection.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you shouldchoose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]21. He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly[B] convincingly[C] emphatically[D] determinedly22. France’s ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption[B] consumption[C] presumption[D] resumption23. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C] sparked[D] flashed24. His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________.[A] came off[B] came on[C] came round[D] came down25. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction.[A] adapt[B] control[C] install[D] steer26. The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A] secure[B] extend[C] defend[D] possess27. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager’s office.[A] declared[B] obtained[C] reclaimed[D] recognized28. When I ________ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.[A] woke up[B] took to[C] picked up[D] came to29. The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on[B] affiliated to[C] originated from[D] incorporated with30. I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned[B] compatible[C] considerate[D] complied31. At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction[B] transmission[C] transformation[D] transition32. When the committee ________ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A] got down[B] set about[C] went off[D] came up33. ________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A] Orientation[B] Access[C] Procession[D] Voyage34. Mr. Smith had an unusual ________: he was first an officeclerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.[A] profession[B] occupation[C] position[D] career35. The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention[B] instinct[C] integrity[D] intensity36. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a sourceof interest ________ to everyone.[A] speculation[B] attribution[C] utilization[D] proposition37. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders[B] reckons[C] regards[D] relates38. To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift[B] instant[C] timely[D] punctual39. You don’t have to install this radio in your new car, it’s an ________ extra.[A] excessive[B] optional[C] additional[D] arbitrary40. We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn’t ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C] add[D] attribute。
(完整word版)2000年考研英语真题及答案解析,推荐文档
2000年全真试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates. ［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate. ［D］A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking andmechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have longendured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanicallearning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures andtensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
2000年考研英语答案
2000年考研英语答案【篇一：2000年考研英语真题(含答案解析)】class=txt>part Ⅰclose testdirections：for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①if a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②he must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③he can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④he must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤he may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥if no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 .⑦he must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［a］ other than［b］ as well as［c］ instead of［d］ more than2.［a］ only if［b］ much as［c］ long before ［d］ ever since3.［a］ for ［b］ against［c］ of ［d］ towards4.［a］ replace［b］ purchase［c］ supplement ［d］ dispose5.［a］ enhance［b］ mix［c］ feed［d］ raise6.［a］ vessels［b］ routes［c］ paths［d］ channels7.［a］ self-confident ［b］ self-sufficient［c］ self-satisfied ［d］self-restrained8.［a］ search［b］ save［c］ offer ［d］ seek9.［a］ proportion ［b］ percentage［c］ rate ［d］ ratio10.［a］ genuinely ［b］ obviously［c］ presumably ［d］ frequentlypart Ⅱreading comprehensiondirections:each of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each question there are four answers marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then mark your answeron answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)passage 1①a history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②when the united states entered just such a glowing period after the end of the second world war, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③its scientists were the world?s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)america and americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the europeans and asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③by the mid-1980s americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④some huge american industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤by 1987 there was only one american television maker left, zenith. ⑥(now there is none: zenith was bought by south korea’s lg electronics in july.) ⑦（12）foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. ?america’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①all of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③they began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④the mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofamerica’s industrial decline.⑤their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①how things have changed! ②in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has been struggling. ③（14）few americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④self-doubt has yielded toblind pride. ⑤“american industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”acco rding to richard cavanaugh, executive dean of harvard’s kennedy school of government. ⑥“it makes me proud to be an american just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says stephen moore of the cato institute, a think-tank in washington, dc. ⑦and william sahlman of the harvard business school believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the united states.”［429 words］11. the u.s. achieved its predominance after world war ii because. ［a］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［b］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［c］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［d］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the american.［a］tv industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［b］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［c］machine-tool industry had collapsed aftersuicidal actions ［d］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. what can be inferred from the passage?［a］it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. ［b］intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［c］ the revival of the economy depends on international cooperate ［d］a long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［a］turning of the business cycle［b］ restructuring of industry［c］ improved business management［d］ success in educationpassage 2（15）①being a man has always been dangerous. ②there are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③but the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤this means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥more important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦fifty years ago, the chance of ababy (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. ?a kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certaindeath. ⑧today it makes almost no difference. since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①there is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②few people are as fertile as in the past. ③except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦india shows what is happening. ?the country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.⑧the grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class india compared to the tribes.for us, this means that evolution is over; the biological utopia has arrived. ②strangely, it has involved little physical change.③no other species fills so many places in nature. ④but in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）we did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦no doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. ?but however amazed our descendants may be at how far from utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. what used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［a］ a lack of mates. ［b］ a fierce competition. ［c］ a lower survival rate.［d］ a defective gene.16. what does the example of india illustrate?［a］ wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. ［b］ natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. ［c］ the middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［d］ india is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. the author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because. ［a］ life has been improved by technological advance［b］ the number of female babies has been declining［c］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［d］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［a］ sex ratio changes in human evolution.［b］ways of continuing man’s evolution.［c］ the evolutionary future of nature.［d］ human evolution going nowhere.passage 3①（20）when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and ueasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may beregarded as normal. ②with regard to futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as literature.①this, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）this speeding up of life, says the futurist, requires a new form of expression.④we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②but it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a turkish and a bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “pluff! pluff! a hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature. ②all the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③the whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. this passage is mainly.［a］ a survey of new approaches to art［b］ a review of futurist poetry［c］ about merits of the futurist movement［d］ about laws and requirements of literature20. when a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［a］ determine its purposes［b］ ignore its flaws【篇二：2000年考研英语真题及答案解析】irections：for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) ①if a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②he must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③he can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④he must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤he may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥if no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦he must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］ 1.［a］ other than2.［a］only if 3.［a］ for4.［a］ replace5.［a］ enhance6.［a］ vessels［b］ as well as ［b］ much as［c］ instead of［c］ of ［c］ feed［d］ more than ［d］ towards［d］ dispose ［d］ raise［c］ long before［d］ ever since［b］ against ［b］ purchase ［b］ mix［c］ supplement［b］ routes ［c］ paths ［d］ channels7.［a］ self-confident ［c］ self-satisfied8.［a］ search9.［a］ proportion 10.［a］ genuinely directions:［b］ self-sufficient ［d］self-restrained ［c］ offer ［c］ rate ［d］ seek ［d］ ratio ［d］ frequently［b］ save［b］ percentage ［b］ obviously［c］ presumablypart Ⅱreading comprehensioneach of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each question there are four answers marked ［a］, ［b］, ［c］ and ［d］. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then mark your answeron answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points) passage 1①a history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②when the united states entered just such a glowing period after the end of the second world war, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③its scientists were the world?s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)america and americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the europeans and asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③by the mid-1980s americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④some huge american industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤by 1987 there was only one american television maker left, zenith. ⑥(now there is none: zenith was bought by south korea’s lg electronics in july.) ⑦（12）foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into thed omestic market. ?america’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①all of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③they began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④the mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of america’s industrial decline. ⑤their sometimes sensationalfindings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①how things have changed! ②in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has been struggling. ③（14）few americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the businesscycle. ④self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“american industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to richard cavanaugh, executive dean of harvard’s kennedy school of government. ⑥“it makes me proud to be an american just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says stephen moore of the cato institute, a think-tank in washington, dc. ⑦and william sahlman of the harvard business school believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the united states.”［429 words］ 11. the u.s. achieved its predominance after world war ii because. ［a］ it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal ［b］ its domestic market was eight times larger than before［c］ the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［d］ the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the american. ［a］ tv industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［b］ semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［c］ machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions ［d］ auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 13. what can be inferred from the passage?［a］ it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. ［b］ intense competition may contribute to economic progress. ［c］ the revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. ［d］ a long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the. ［a］ turning of the business cycle ［c］ improved business management passage 2①（15）being a man has always been dangerous. ②there are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③but the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤this means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥more important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. ?a kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧today it makes almost no difference. since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①there is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②few people are as fertile as in the past. ③except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦india shows what is happening. ?the country offers wealth for a fewin the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.⑧the grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class india compared to the tribes.for us, this means that evolution is over; the biological utopia has arrived. ②strangely, it has involved little physical change.③no other species fills so many places in nature. ④but in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）we did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly bey ond his comprehension.”⑦no doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. ?but however amazed our descendants may be at how far from utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］ 15. what used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph? ［a］ a lack of mates.［b］ a fierce competition. ［d］ a defective gene.［c］ a lower survival rate.［b］ restructuring of industry［d］ success in education16. what does the example of india illustrate?［a］ wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. ［b］ natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. ［c］ the middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. ［d］ india is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 17. the author argues that our bodies havestopped evolving because. ［a］ life has been improved by technological advance ［b］ the number of female babies has been declining ［c］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution ［d］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing 18. which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ［a］ sex ratio changes in human evolution. ［b］ways of continuing man’s evolution. ［c］ the evolutionary future of nature. ［d］ human evolution going nowhere. passage 3①（20）when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and ueasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②with regard to futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as literature.①this, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）this speeding up of life, says the futurist, requires a new form of expression.④we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.s of battles are confused. ②but it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fightbetween a turkish and a bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “pluff! pluff! a hundred and eighty-five kilograms.” ①（22）this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature. ②all the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③the whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］ 19. this passage is mainly.［a］ a survey of new approaches to art ［b］ a review of futurist poetry［c］ about merits of the futurist movement ［d］ about laws and requirements of literature20. when a novel literary idea appears, people should try to. ［a］ determine its purposes ［c］ follow the new fashions 21. futurists claim that we must.［a］ increase the production of literature ［b］ use poetry to relieve modern stress ［c］ develop new modes of expression ［d］ avoid using adjectives and verbs 22. the author believes that futurist poetry is. ［a］ based on reasonable principles ［b］ new and acceptable to ordinary people ［c］ indicative of a basic change in human nature［b］ ignore its flaws ［d］ accept the principles［d］ more of a transient phenomenon than literature passage 4①（23）aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the united states and europe. ②but increasingly the japaneseare seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobsas their primary reason for being, but now japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①the coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②in a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of japanese students werefully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the united states. ③in addition, far more japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①while often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,” says toshiki kaifu, chairman of the ruling liberal democratic party’s education committee. ③“frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” ④last year japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥last year mitsuo setoyama,who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the american occupation authorities after world war ii had weakened the “japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）but that may have more to do with japanese life-styles.②“in japan,” says educator yoko muro, “it’s never a questionof whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only howmuch you can endure.” ③with economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of japan’s 119 million citizenslive in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④urban japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤in the past decade, the japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the united states, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］ 23. in the westerners’ eyes, the postwar japan was. ［a］ under aimless development ［c］ a rival to the west［b］ a positive example ［d］ on the decline24. according to the author, what may chiefly be responsiblefor the moral decline of japanese society? ［a］women’s participation in social activities is limited. ［b］ more workers are dissatisfied with their jobs. ［c］ excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics. ［d］ the life-style has been influenced by western values. 25. which of the following is true according to the author?［a］ japanese education is praised for helping the youngclimb the social ladder. ［b］ japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity. ［c］more stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity. ［d］ dropping out leads to frustration against test taking. 26. the change in japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that. ［a］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life ［b］ the divorce rate in japan exceeds that in the u.s. ［c］ thejapanese endure more than ever before ［d］ the japanese appreciate their present life passage 5①（27）if ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②if the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）in an odd way,however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④what is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤there is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselvesriding on them.①certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②summer homes, european travel, bmws—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand todaythan a decade or two years ago.③（29）what has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of american materialism with a southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are eolled in private schools. ⑤for such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”。
2000考研英语二真题及答案
2000考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of English (10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 1 ofreason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America 2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but 3 communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN DrearrWhile I can strive for 4 into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that —— 5 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something 6 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately, by coming to America my parent, 7 the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited 8 last summer, found that I was 9 and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi drivers would 11 to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our 12 where we had come from.And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With 17 numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated 20 Japan's export success in America.01. [A] one [B] part [C] much [D] some02. [A] country [B] city [C] land [D] society03. [A] hardly [B] frequently [C] approximately [D] always04. [A] scholarship [B] citizenship [C] admittance [D] integration05. [A] toward [B] near [C] between [D] among06. [A] more [B] better [C] larger [D] longer07. [A] sold [B] maintained [C] memorized [D] sacrificed08. [A] Japan [B] China [C] Korea [D] Thailand09. [A] scorned [B] respected [C]surprised [D] ignored10. [A] side [B] head [C] eyes [D] back11. [A] like [B] refuse [C] straggle [D] want12. [A] skin [B] clothes [C] faces [D] politeness13. [A] also [B] so [C] yet [D] then14. [A] hated [B] ignored [C] treated [D] welcome15. IAI homeless [B] careless [C] selfless [D] shameless16. [A] fear [B] need [C] interest [D] hate17. [A] growing [B] expanding [C] developing [D] enlarging18. [A] people [B] residents [C] students [D] foreigners19. ,[Al diligence [B] laziness [C] hardship [D] stubbornness20. [A] for [B] to [C] with [D] atgection II Reading Comprehension (60%)Part A (40 %)Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).Text 1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directorsthat includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A "sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident - one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim- can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including , CNN and Yahoo! this year identified several North Carolina victims. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cybercrime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said. "The Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."21. From the first paragraph, we know[A] InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B] public agencies.[C] FBI.[D] private industry.23. By saying "too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility" the author means[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24. All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B] vi victims have no fkewalls.[C] the use of modem is increasing.[D] companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25. It can be concluded from the passage that[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B] information of the victims is inaccessible.[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text 2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put "a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession andstay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.The data are striking: when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a poor job of. recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching at mid-career.26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C] Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because .[A] it offers low pay.[B] they have interest in other professions.[C] it does not value productivity.[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.29. "The data are striking: when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture" means .[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30. All can be concluded BUT .[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text 3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth. It was created in 1969 to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for 68 years, andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer. Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific, and its prize as not a proper Nobel. Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics. Gunnar Myrdal, who shared the award in 1974,said the prize ought to be abolished (but he did not return the money). Milton Friedman, winnerin 1976, doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the 1990s, the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence. Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act. The father of game theory won only after Mr. Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work, the best of which was done beforehe became ill. Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier. In 1998, the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes, the 1997 Nobel laureates. The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths. Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised, died a year too soon to join his collaborators on thepodium. Last year, many economists hoped that Zvi Griliches, a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize, and was suffering from a long illness, would win. He didnot, and died soon afterwards. Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson, one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker, who was a friend of Griliches, want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession. Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians; advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect, a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker. Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head, and you saw it, then you got the prize. But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics, you didn't get it."31. From the first paragraph, we learned that .[A] the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B] Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C] Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32. We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during 1990s, .[A] Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D] Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33. According to the text, the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is .[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C] hostile.[DJ indifferent.34. From the third paragraph, we learn that .[A] Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B] the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C] younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D] Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35. In the last paragraph of the text, Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is .[A] critical.[B] approving.[C] angry.[D] ironic.Text 4In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry - all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service, Tips, which are voluntary, above and beyond a service's contracted cost, and delivered afterwards, should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom hasbecome institutionalised: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is lesscommon; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are moreextrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers: And, says' Mr Lynn, "in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tippingis about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip - a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses, no doubt.While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should "just be paid a decent wage" may actually makeeconomic sense.36. From the text we learn that Americans .[A] are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B] like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C] are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so.[D] are giving less and less tips.37. According to Paragraph 3, we learn that .[A] tips are voluntary in America.[B] people don't tip in Europe.[C] tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D] tipping is now popular in Iceland.38. According to Michael Lynn, .[A] nervous people do not usually tip.[B] A merican people are anxious.[C] Icelanders don't like to show off.[D] people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39. The text indicates that in America .[A] customers tip 8% to 37% of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B] a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip 15%.[C] the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D] the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get 15-20%.40. According to the text, the author believes that in America .[A] the better the service, the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C] tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D] tips cannot prompt better service.Part B (20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).(41) There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World. showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty - of the spirit. For instance, one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides every year by children under 15, and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World. Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children. (42) But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices, shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks. Instead. the child sees mother an(t father, relations and neighbours working nearby, and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work: helping to dig or build, plant or water, tend to animals or look after babies - rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, building with construction toys, keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43) These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts. Set days and times are few and self-explanatory, determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring.(44) A child in the rich world, on the other hand. is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of ~owing up. so that he or she can worry, along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times clinic times, bed times, the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors, still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas, dangerous roads, 'keep off the grass' signs and 'don't speak tostrangers', there is often a sense of freedom to play. (45)Parents can see their children outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up. And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease. But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing (30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students. What do you think good studentsare like? Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion. Provideone or two examples where necessary. You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument. You shouM write 240-280 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).参考答案[A卷]答案：e of English （10%）01.B 02.D 03.A 04.C 05.A 06.C 07.D 08.C 09.A 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。
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