Kozintsev_多变量统计分析方法

Copyright © 2010, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V . All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2010.02.014

Archaeology Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 37/4 (2009) 125–136

E-mail: Eurasia@archaeology.nsc.ru

ARCHAEOLOGY,ETHNOLOGY

& ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA

Introduction

Routes of the early Caucasoid migrations to Siberia and Eastern Central Asia have become a focus of scholarly interest in recent years since this issue is closely related to that of the Indo-European homelands. Certain archaeologists believe that migrants from the Near East played a major role in the origin of Southern Siberian

CRANIOMETRIC EVIDENCE OF THE EARLY CAUCASOID MIGRATIONS

TO SIBERIA AND EASTERN CENTRAL ASIA, WITH REFERENCE

TO THE INDO-EUROPEAN PROBLEM *

Measurements of 220 male Neolithic and Bronze Age cranial series from Eurasia were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The results support the idea that people associated with the Catacomb culture played a major role in the origin of the Afanasyev culture. Okunev people of the Minusinsk Basin, those associated with Karakol, Ust-Tartas, and Krotovo cultures, and those buried in the Andronov-type cemeteries at Cherno-ozerye and Yelovka were of predominantly local Siberian origin. The Samus series resembles that from Poltavka burials. The Okunev people of Tuva and probably Yelunino people were likely descendants of the Pit Grave (Yamnaya) and early Catacomb populations of the Ukraine. The same is true of the Alakul people of western Kazakhstan, who in addition, have numerous af ¿ nities amongst Neolithic and Early Bronze Age groups of Central and Western Europe. The probable ancestors of certain Fedorov populations were the Afanasyev tribes of the Altai, whereas other Fedorov groups apparently descended from late Pit Grave and Catacomb tribes of the Northern Caucasus and the northwestern Caspian. People of Gumugou are closest to Fedorov groups of northeastern Kazakhstan and Rudny Altai, suggesting that Caucasoids migrated to Xinjiang from the north rather than from the west. Describing the gracile Caucasoids of Siberia and Eastern Central Asia as “Mediterraneans” is misleading since they display virtually no craniometric ties with the Near Eastern, Southwestern Central Asian or Transcaucasian groups. The totality of evidence suggests that they were Nordics.

Keywords: Indo-Europeans, Indo-Iranians, Tocharians, Southern Siberia, Western Siberia, Central Asia, Bronze Age, craniometry.

cultures of the Bronze Age (Grigoryev, 1999; Bobrov, 1994; Kiryushin, 2004), and these theories are supported by those physical anthropologists who claim that all gracile Caucasoids are Mediterraneans, i.e. southerners by origin (see especially (Khudaverdyan, 2009)). Not long ago I expressed a similar view (Kozintsev, 2000).

Recently, thanks to the work of a number of craniologists, S.I. Kruts in particular, the craniometric database related to the Bronze Age steppe populations of the Ukraine and Southern Russia has grown manifold. Its statistical analysis has led to the revision of earlier

*Supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project 09-06-00184a). A.G. Kozintsev

Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences,

Universitetskaya Nab.3, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

E-mail: agkozintsev@

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ANTHROPOLOGY