我国公共服务民营化研究

学位论文

《我国公共服务民营化研究》

指导教师姓名汪海粟教授

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中文摘要

在建立市场经济体制过程中，绝大部分应该由市场机制来调节或配置的资源应该交由市场来调节或配置，这在目前大多数人的观念中己经不成为问题，可是公共服务究竟应该由谁来经营则是一个两难的问题。在我国自来水、燃气、治污、公交等城市公共服务长期以来一直是由政府投资建设、财政补贴运营，国有企业一统天下，它一度被视为“市场经济边疆”。但是多年的中外实践表明，政府直接经营公共服务这种模式不仅没有达到预期的高质高效，相反劣质低效、长期亏损却成为长期困扰人们的挥之不去的头疼问题。

尽管从上世纪九十年代以来，我国政府对公共服务的传统体制进行了一系列改革，如减少或取消财政补贴，实行以成本为基础的定价制度等。但是，从总体上看，公共服务二十年来的改革只是对原有体制的修修补补，没有根本性的变化，在加之随着我国国民经济的高速发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，公共服务水平的高低已经成为制约经济发展的瓶颈和困扰人民生活的重要因素，因此必须不断加大发展力度，但是如果仅靠国家投资，财政拨款只是杯水车薪，由政府垄断公共服务的管理、营运模式己无法满足日益增大的社会需求，“公用服务民营化”正成为世界各国普遍的发展趋势，公共服务需要竞争已经是不争的事实。基于此现状，本文对我国公共服务民营化进行了理论探索。

全文共分四个部分：第一部分是概念和理论基础，介绍公共服务和民营化的涵义，公共服务是指为社会公众提供的公共物品和服务，是现代政府的一项重要职能，具有公共性、自然垄断性等主要特性。所谓民营化,也有人称私有化,最早由德鲁克于1969年所著《断裂的年代》一书所提出。但是,关于民营化的定义,国内外的相关文献分别有不同的诠释,定义范围的广狭也大相径庭。从广义上讲,民营化可以界定为更多地依赖民间机构,更少地依赖政府来满足公众的需求。它是在产品/服务的生产和财产拥有方面减少政府的作用,增加社会其他机构作用的行动。公共服务民营化的理论基础有新公共管理理论和公共选择理论等。第二部分介绍了公共服务民营化的具体形式和国外的一些民营化实践。公共服务民营化的具体形式有合同承包、补助、凭单、特许经营、志愿或市场安排等，国外的实践经验是我国在进行公共服务民营化过程中要借鉴的经验和教训。第三部分对我国公共服务民营化在实践过程中的问题展开分析。第四部分首先提出了发展我国公共服务民营化的对策，并就我国公共服务民营化发展方向进行了界定，主要提出了四个发展方向。

关键词：公共服务民营化政府

Abstract

It has been agreed that allocation of resource must be done by market in market-oriented economy , but provision of public service has been a dilemma . Public service has been provided by government for many years in China , it has been seen as “the marginal of market-oriented economy”. But the fact of all over the world shows that public services provided by the government are poor and uneffective rather than nice and effective , many enterprises owned by government are running under deficit .

Although our government has been reforming the sysetem of public service such as cancellation of financial subsidy for many years ,in general the reforming of public service has not changed the tranditiaonal system . With rapid economic development of our country and improving of people’s lives , public service has been the important fact which has been the bottle-neck of restricting the economical development and influence the life of people, so we must develop the public service .but on the one hand the subsidy and allocation of finance is too little for the development of public service ,on the other hand it can not meet the increasingly social demand that public service are provided only by government . “privatization of public service ”has been agreed as the development trend in the world .We must develop the competition’s function in the public service .

The text is mainly constituted by four parts : the first is the concept and theoretical bases, it introduces the meanings of public service and privatization . Public service means the public goods and service provided to the public , it is a important function of government . Public service has the characteristics of publicity and natural monopoly and so on . On the annotation of privatization ,different relevant literatures have different explanations. In general , privatization can be seen as the idea that more non-governmental institution should be introduced to provide public service, on the contrary less government should not be introduced to do it .The second introduces the concrete forms of privatization of public service as well as trials in the world .The concrete forms of privatization of public service has constract、subsidy、 voucher 、franchise 、volunteer or service market arrangment and so on.Foreign practical experience can be thought as the experience and lesson which we must draw the lessons from in the privatization of public service . The third puts forward some rational suggestion basing on the analysis of problem found in the privatization of public service in our country .The last part explores the trend that privatization of public service develops in the future . In the part four trend have been put forward.

Key word: public service privatization government