译林牛津八年级下册英语 unit1 语法(共40张PPT)

open ---be open
close ---be closed
leave --be away
die ---be dead
join --be a member of begin ---be on
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变
❖ arrive/come/go to be in
die
be dead
Exercises
❖ His father has died. (for 2 years) His father has been dead for 2 years.
❖ The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m) The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.
have a cold get up be up
❖ get to know
know get out
❖ close be closed
wake up
be out be awake
❖ go to sleep
be asleep/ sleep
❖ become interested in
be interested in
2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at
9:00.
什么时候使用现在完成时？
表示现在完成时的时间副词
一、already和yet常见于现在完成时 中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在 肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet 在否定句中有“还”之意。
有些动词不能和for, since, how long 等连用
• He has bought the book. • He has bought the book for a week. • He has had the book for a week.
She has bought the computer for two years.
Correcting
❖ 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. have kept
❖ 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.
has been in/ been a member of the army ❖ 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.
❖ become a ❖ Leave/ move
be a borrow be away / be out
keep
❖ buy
have open
be open
❖ join
be in/a member of
❖ start/begin be on finish/ end
be over
❖ catch a cold
牛津版初中英语八年级下
The dog has been dead for three days. She has been had (buy) the book for two week
这是为什么呢？
Grammar : 表示动作或状态从过去 开始一直延续到现在甚至将来
Mike borrowed the books two days ago. Mike has kept the books for two days.
Ten years has passed since she began to work.
重点句型: It is/ has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+ since从句
eg. 他死了两年了：
He died two years ago.
He has been dead for two years /since two years ago
提升与补充
含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。 She has worked for ten years. . She began to work ten years ago. . She has worked since ten years ago. . It is ten years since she began to work.
Did you see Joan just now? 你刚才看到琼了吗？
Have you heard from your family lately/recently?
你最近收到家人的来信了吗？
五、since短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.
have/has been a soldier
I have left Shanghai for 3 days.
been away from Shanghai
leave
have/has been away
The film has begun for 10 minutes.
been on
begin
have/has been on
“Has the bus left yet”?
“Yes. It has already left.”
(“No. It hasn’t left yet.) “汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” “不，还没有开走。 ”
二、 “already” 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, “yet” 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中. 用“already” “yet”填空。
标志词：for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last …years
We _h_av_e_le_a_r_ne_d__ (learn) English
for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.
I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago .
kept
borrow
have/has kept
The concert has finished for half an
hour.
been over
finish
have/has been over
His dog has died for two years .
since 5 years ago/ for 5 years
❖ 4. The film has been on since I have come to the
cinema.
came
❖ 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?
did
catch
❖ 6. Ten years have passed since they got married. has
It is/ has been two years since he died.
Two years has passed since he died.
been dead
die have/has been dead
She has married for six years .
been married
marry have/has been married
切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成 其相对应的延续性动词：
bБайду номын сангаасy ---have
borrow -- keep
三、ever和never也是现在完成时常 见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”， 多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思 是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。
“Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.”
“你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看 过。”
past
present
I have lived here for two years
1.都表示过去发生的事
2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具 体的时间状语连用；
3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过 去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）
eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast.
❖ The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old) The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old.
❖ My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days) My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days
Mr. Green __ha_s_b_e_en___ (be) in
China these years.
They _h_av_e_w_r_it_te_n____(write) 15
songs so far.
The population __h_a_s _g_ro_w_n____
(grow) more slowly in the past ten years.
❖ 7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. has been in