译林牛津八年级下册英语 unit1 语法(共40张PPT)

有些动词不能和for, since, how long 等连用
• He has bought the book. • He has bought the book for a week. • He has had the book for a week.
She has bought the computer for two years.
since 5 years ago/ for 5 years
❖ 4. The film has been on since I have come to the
cinema.
came
❖ 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?
did
catch
❖ 6. Ten years have passed since they got married. has
“Has the bus left yet”?
“Yes. It has already left.”
(“No. It hasn’t left yet.) “汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” “不，还没有开走。 ”
二、 “already” 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, “yet” 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中. 用“already” “yet”填空。
标志词：for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last …years
We _h_av_e_le_a_r_ne_d__ (learn) English
for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.
现在完成时态
Present perfect tense
Present perfect tense 现在完成时
构成: have/has + 过去分词
表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或产生
用法一： 的结果.现在完成时这一时
态强调是过去动作与现在 的联系,也就是强调现在的 影响和结果.
I lived there 2 years ago
❖ The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old) The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old.
❖ My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days) My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days
Exercises
❖ His father has died. (for 2 years) His father has beewenku.baidu.com dead for 2 years.
❖ The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m) The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.
have a cold get up be up
❖ get to know
know get out
❖ close be closed
wake up
be out be awake
❖ go to sleep
be asleep/ sleep
❖ become interested in
be interested in
❖ become a ❖ Leave/ move
be a borrow be away / be out
keep
❖ buy
have open
be open
❖ join
be in/a member of
❖ start/begin be on finish/ end
be over
❖ catch a cold
have/has been a soldier
I have left Shanghai for 3 days.
been away from Shanghai
leave
have/has been away
The film has begun for 10 minutes.
been on
begin
have/has been on
牛津版初中英语八年级下
The dog has been dead for three days. She has been had (buy) the book for two week
这是为什么呢？
Grammar : 表示动作或状态从过去 开始一直延续到现在甚至将来
Mike borrowed the books two days ago. Mike has kept the books for two days.
❖ 7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. has been in
❖ 8.What time have the factory opened?
did
open
❖ 9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice been to
had
buy
have/has had
How long have you come to the United States？
been in
come to
have/has been in
Ann has gone to China since three months ago.
been in
go to have/has been in
提升与补充
含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。 She has worked for ten years. . She began to work ten years ago. . She has worked since ten years ago. . It is ten years since she began to work.
open ---be open
close ---be closed
leave --be away
die ---be dead
join --be a member of begin ---be on
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变
❖ arrive/come/go to be in
die
be dead
Ten years has passed since she began to work.
重点句型: It is/ has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+ since从句
eg. 他死了两年了：
He died two years ago.
He has been dead for two years /since two years ago
Nobody in our class has ever been there. 我们班没有人去过那。
四、just, recently是完成时的时间状语， just now 有a moment ago 之意， 是一般过去时的时间状语。
The train has just arrived. 火车刚到。
I have got to Paris for one week .
been in
got to have/has been in
My brother has joined the army for five
years.
been in been a soldier
have/has been in
join
Did you see Joan just now? 你刚才看到琼了吗？
Have you heard from your family lately/recently?
你最近收到家人的来信了吗？
五、since短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.
I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago .
kept
borrow
have/has kept
The concert has finished for half an
hour.
been over
finish
have/has been over
His dog has died for two years .
2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at
9:00.
什么时候使用现在完成时？
表示现在完成时的时间副词
一、already和yet常见于现在完成时 中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在 肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet 在否定句中有“还”之意。
been dead
die have/has been dead
She has married for six years .
been married
marry have/has been married
切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成 其相对应的延续性动词：
buy ---have
borrow -- keep
Mr. Green __ha_s_b_e_en___ (be) in
China these years.
They _h_av_e_w_r_it_te_n____(write) 15
songs so far.
The population __h_a_s _g_ro_w_n____
(grow) more slowly in the past ten years.
It is/ has been two years since he died.
Two years has passed since he died.
Correcting
❖ 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. have kept
❖ 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.
has been in/ been a member of the army ❖ 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.
past
present
I have lived here for two years
1.都表示过去发生的事
2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具 体的时间状语连用；
3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过 去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）
eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast.
He has ( already ) visited many places
in China. 注意 "already" 在句中的两种位置.
The train hasn‘t arrived （ yet）.
火车（到现在）还没有到。
Has she arrived （ yet ）? 她已经到了吗？ Hasn‘t he come （ ）ye?t 她还没来吗？
1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.
他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。
六、for短语表示动作延续多长时 间，for的宾语为时间段。
We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
三、ever和never也是现在完成时常 见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”， 多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思 是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。
“Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.”
“你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看 过。”