地质专业英语翻译段落 (学习版)

Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas,liquid,semisolid,or solid,or in more than one of these states at a single place.Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds,with minor amounts of nitrogen ,oxygen,and sulfur as impurities.Liquid petroleum ,which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil,is the most important commercially .It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons ,with varying amounts of dissolved gases,bitumens,and impurities.

石油，以气态、液态、半固态或固态、或在某一个地方以一种以上形态广泛存在于地球中。从化学上讲，任何石油都是由烃化合物组成的极其复杂的混合物，并含有少量作为杂质的氮、氧及硫。液态的石油，为区别于炼制油，成为原油，在商业上是重要的。它主要由液态烃类组成，并含有不同数量的溶解气、沥青和杂质。

The origin and distribution of a reservoir rock are controlled primarily by the processes by which the sand was deposited. Scientists concerned with the origin of sedimentary rocks are fortunate because they can observe the conditions and processes by which sediments accumulate today and use their observations to interpret the origin of ancient sediment. By using the areas of modern environments of deposition as natural laboratories, scientists seek to improve the quality of their work. A massive effort has been underway for the past 30 years by industry, government and university scientists throughout the world to investigate modern environments of deposition and to interpret the results of the processes in Holocene sequences. Concepts have evolved from these studies that have revolutionized scientific thought about the sedimentary rocks.

储集岩的成因和分布基本受砂沉积时的一些作用控制。科学家参与沉积岩的成因研究是十分幸运的，因为他们可以观察当今沉积物沉积的条件和作用，并通过他们观察的结果去解释古代沉积物的成因。科学家们用现代沉积环境研究区作为天然实验室，试图改进他们的工作质量。过去的30年间，世界各国的工业部门、政府和大学中的科学家们，为调查现代沉积环境并解释全新统层序的一些作用的结果，进行了大量的工作。从这些研究中引申出了一些概念，引发了有关沉积岩的科学思想的革命。

Diagenetic alteration is the rule rather than the exception in carbonates.Leaching generally has a favourable effect on reservoir quality because it tends to improve porosity and markedly enhances permeability. Dolomitization can play a dual role. Generally, it will improve a reservoir by increasing the pore size,at other times, porosity may be destroyed when dolomitization creates a dense interlocking crystal mosaic. Dolomitization preferentially affects the fine grained matrix material and may be accompanied by solution of the larger skeletal grains to form vugs.

对于碳酸盐岩来说，成岩作用是规律的也非异常的。淋滤作用有助于增加孔隙度，明显提高渗透率，一般对储集层性质产生有利影响。白云化作用可起着双重作用。一般来说，它会通过增加孔隙的大小来使储集层得以改善，另一方面，当它产生致密胶接结晶镶嵌结构时，孔隙有可能遭到破坏。白云化作用优先影响细粒沉积基质物质，并可能伴以大量骨架颗粒溶解，形成孔洞。

Lithology 岩性

The most common lithology that forms a petroleum seal is mud rock, often referred to as shale. Mud rocks form approximately 60-70% of all sedimentary rocks. Mudrocks can be composed of either carbonate or siliciclastic minerals (or both), and mudrock sequences are often thick (> 50m) and laterally continuous (> 1.0km2). Examples of mud rock seals are found in all deltaic settings (including the Gulf of Mexico, Niger, and Nile Delta petroleum provinces) and many rift and passive continental margin basins (including the northwest Australian shelf, northwestern Europe, the North Sea, and Southeast Asia). Halite can form a more effective seal but is a less common lithology, found only where conditions of high evaporation of sea water have taken place.

泥岩是形成石油盖层最常见的岩性，通常所指的是页岩。泥岩约占全部沉积岩的60-70 %。泥岩可以形成碳酸盐岩或碎屑矿物（或两者），泥岩层序通常比较厚（大于50米）和具有横向连续（> 1.0km2）。泥岩作为盖层都是在三角洲沉积体系中发现的（包括墨西哥，尼日尔，和尼罗河三角洲石油省份）及裂谷和被动大陆边缘盆地（包括澳大利亚西北陆架，欧洲西北部，北海，亚洲东南部）。只有在海水蒸发量大的情况形成的岩盐可以作为一个更有效的盖层，但没有泥岩盖层那么常见。

Continuity 连续性

Lateral seal continuity is a major concern.Deltaic settings,for example,are usually characterized by lateral continuity over short distances.Regional continuity is provided by transgressive and regressive shale and sabkha-type evaporites at the close of regional carbonate cycles.Regional seal continuity is considered excellent for retention when parts of basins are assessed.

盖层的横向连续性至关重要。例如;三角洲环境通常特征是短距离的横向连续性。区域碳酸盐岩旋回结束时形成的海进、海退页岩和潮上滩型蒸发岩则呈区域性连续分布。评价盆地某些部分时，人们认为盖层的区域连续性对油气保存而言是极好的条件。

In general, a trap is an area of low potential energy toward which the buoyant oil and gas move from areas of higher energy. The oil and gas separate in accord with their density and remain in the trap as long as the conditions do not change --- that is, until the trap is connected to some point of still lower potential energy, as by faulting, by regional tilting, by a change in the rate at which water flows through the rocks, or by a well, at which time they again move, and the effectiveness of the trap decrease.

一般来说，圈闭就是指有浮力作用的油气高势区封闭而形成的油气低势区。根据其密度的不同，油、气分离开来且在条件不改变的情况下，在圈闭中聚集-换句话说如果说一个圈闭与更低的低势区连连通，比如通过断层、区域性倾斜、通过岩石的水的流速的变化率或者钻井使油气重新运移的作用下，圈闭的有效性也就随之降低。