高考必考语法精讲精练专题十一：并列句与状语从句 含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练

语法专题十一：并列句与状语从句

状语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将状语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对状语从句的考查一般在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第43题（完形填空）考查了状语从句引导词Since /Although /As /If 的选择。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。

一、并列句

(一) 并列连词

①They come from the same country，and they are good friends.

②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)

③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.

④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.

⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?

规律总结：

1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。

2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。

4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。

(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式

①Work hard and you will succeed.

＝If you work hard, you will succeed.

②Hurry up or we will be late.

＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.

③A few more efforts and you will succeed.

＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.

规律总结：

1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。

2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。

二、状语从句

英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。例如：

①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)

②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)

③I have brought an umbrella so that I don’t get wet.(结果)

④I have brought an umbrella even though it’s not raining.(让步)

⑤You don’t need bring an umbrellaunless it is raining.(条件)

因此，学习状语从句的关键是掌握引导九类状语从句的关联词，只要能记住关联词，一般都能识别是哪种状语从句，从而正确分析句子结构并理解句子意思。

下面分别对九大类别的状语从句进行举例说明：

（一）时间状语从句

时间状语从句表示时间。

引导时间的状语从句的常用引导词有：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 等。

特殊引导词有：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when等。

1.when/while/as/whenever

①When I went into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

②While I was doing my homework, they came in.

③As time goes by, it's getting warmer and warmer.

④When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

⑤We shall go there whenever we are free.

规律总结：

(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。

(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。

(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……(，一边……)”或“随着……”。

(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。

(5)whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作，翻译成“无论何时”。

2.when的特殊用法

①He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.

②They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.

③They had just arrived home when it began to rain.

规律总结：

when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正要发生、正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：

①was/were about to do sth. when...

=was/were on the point of doing sth. when...

②was/were doing sth. when...

③had (just) done sth. when...

3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达

①The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming

②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.

＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考)