第三套试题答案

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建筑工程计量与计价试题及答案第三套

一．填空题（共20分，每空格1分）1.定额按编制程序和用途分为施工定额、预算定额、、。

2.工程建设中使用的材料有和两种类型。

3.多层建筑坡屋顶内和场馆看台下，当设计加以利用时净高的部位应计算全面积；净高在的部位应计算1/2面积；当设计不利用或室内净高不应计算面积。

4.整体楼梯包括休息平台、平台梁、斜梁及楼梯的连接梁，按计算，不扣除宽度的楼梯井，伸入墙内部分不另增加。

当整体楼梯与现浇楼层无梯梁连接时，按楼层的最后一个踏步外边缘加为界。

5.普通窗按以平方米计算。

6.墙裙以高度在以内为准，超过时按墙面计算，高度低于以内时，按踢脚板计算。

7.分部分项工程量清单应包括、、和。

8.应计入建筑安装工程造价的税金包括、及等。

二．选择题（共10分，每小题1分）1．某单层混凝土结构工业厂房高15m，其一端有6层砖混车间办公楼与其相连，构成一单位工程，两部分外墙外边距离350mm，各部分首层勒脚以上外墙外边所围面积分别为2000m2和，300m2，缝长20m，则该单位工程建筑面积为( )m2。

A．2300 B．3800 C．3807 D．38422．整体地面面层工程量均按主墙间净面积以“平方米”计算，应扣除( )。

A．凸出地面构筑物、室内地沟所占面积B．柱、垛所占面积C．间壁墙所占面积D．附墙烟囱所占面积3．某建筑物采用现浇整体楼梯，楼梯共四层自然层，楼梯间净长6m，净宽3m，楼梯井宽500mm，长3m，则该现浇楼梯的混凝土工程量为( )m2。

A．18 B．72 C．70.5 D．664．除另有说明外，所有清单项目的工程量应以实体工程量为准，并以完成后的( )计算。

A．净值B．净值加损耗C．净值加需要增加的工程量D．实际量5．构筑物混凝土工程量除另有规定者外，均按图示尺寸以体积计算，应扣除门窗洞口及( )孔洞所占的体积。

A．0.1m2以外B．0.1m2以内C．0.3m2以外D．0.3m2以内6．如果是打孔后，先埋入预制混凝土桩尖，再灌注混凝土的打孔灌注方式，其桩尖的工程量按( )计算体积。

2020年12月四级考试真题第三套答案

2020年12月四级考试真题第三套答案一、听力部分（每题1分，共10分）（本部分包含10道题目，内容通常涉及日常对话、简短独白或通知等，需要学生根据听到的内容选择正确答案。

）二、单项选择题（每题1分，共15分）—How are you today?—____________.A. Fine, thank you.B. You're welcome.C. No, I'm not fine.D. I'm sorry.She ________ to the party last night.A. goesB. wentC. will goD. is going三、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。

It was a sunny day. I decided to go for a walk in the park. As I walked, I saw a little girl ________ in the corner. She looked very sad. I went up to her and asked what was wrong. She said she ________ her mother. I asked her to give me her mother's phone number and called her. Her mother was very grateful to me. She told me her daughter was always ________ to go to the park alone.五、书面表达（共25分）短文改错（共10分）请找出下面短文中的10处错误并改正。

Last Sunday, I went to the zoo with my friends. We saw many interesting animals, like tiger, elephant and panda. They were very lovely. We also watched a dolphin show. It was amazing! After that, we had lunch in a restaurant near the zoo. The food was delicious but the service was bad. In the afternoon, we went home happy.书面表达（共15分）请根据以下要点，写一篇80词左右的英语短文。

2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)含答案

2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the role of physical exercise in achieving success at college.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers,according to a new study.The research examined three studies26more than18,000participants.Across all three, parenthood was27with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.So why are fathers happier than mothers?“Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend time with their children,”said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey.In one study,the authors28that dads were more likely to take“playing”as an29 activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids.“Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and30 closeness with their children,”they say.Fathers also did better than men without kids,reporting greater happiness,life satisfaction,and fewer31symptoms.They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy(自主).For mums,32,compared to women without children,the results weren’t quite as positive.Mums reported greater autonomy,but also“greater trouble”and fewer positive33.Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids,compared to other experiences,but not while engaging34in childcare.“This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their children might have important35for their wellbeing,”the authors write.They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they’re more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood.As such,they’re more likely to be“let down”by the experience.A)additional F)directly K)involvingB)associated G)emotions L)noteC)composing H)however M)preciselyD)cultivate I)implications N)superficialE)depressive J)interfered O)thereforeSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Learning to say noA)Not doing something will always be faster than doing it.This philosophy applies in manyareas of life.For example,there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all.This is not to say you should never attend another meeting,but the truth is that we say“yes”to too many things we don’t actually want to do.B)How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply,“Sure.”Three days later,you’re overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list.We become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said“yes”to them in the first place.Even worse,people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time.You don’t have to do something just because it exists.It’s worth asking if things are necessary.Many of them are not,and a simple“no”will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with.But if the benefits of saying“no”are so obvious,then why do we say“yes”so often?C)We say“yes”to many requests not because we want to do them,but because we don’twant to be seen as rude or unhelpful.Often,we have to consider saying“no”to someone we will interact with again in the future—our co-worker,our spouse,our family and friends.Saying“no”to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult.In these situations,I like the approach recommended in Essentialism by Greg McKeown.He writes,“Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said‘yes’and force them to deal with the trade-off.For example,if your manager comes to you and asks you to do X,you can respond with‘Yes,I’m happy to make this the priority.Which of these other projects should I deprioritize to pay attention to this new project?’”D)Collaborating with others is an important element of life.The thought of straining therelationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy.For this reason,it can be helpful to be gracious in your response.Do whatever favors you can,and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no.But even after we have accounted for these social considerations,many of us still seem to do a poor job of managing the trade-off between yes and no.We find ourselves over-committed to things that don’tmeaningfully improve or support those around us,and certainly don’t improve our own lives.E)Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning of yes and no.The words“yes”and“no”get so often used in comparison with each other that it feels like they carry equal weight in conversation.In reality,they’re not just opposite in meaning,but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment.When you say“no”,you’re only saying“no”to one option.When you say“yes”,you’re saying“no”to every other option.I like how economist Tim Harford put it,“Every time we say‘yes’to a request,we’re also saying ‘no’to anything else we might accomplish with the time.”Once you’re committed to something,you’ve already decided how that future block of time will be spent.In other words,saying“no”saves you time in the future.Saying“yes”costs you time in the future.“No”is a form of time credit.You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want.“Yes”is a form of time debt.You have to pay back your commitment at some point.F)“No”is a decision.“Yes”is a responsibility.Saying“no”is sometimes seen as a luxurythat only those in power can afford.And it’s true:turning down opportunities is easier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power,money,and authority.But it’s also true that saying“no”is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful.It’s alsoa strategy that can help you become successful.Saying“no”is an important skill todevelop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life:your time.As investor Pedro Sorrentino put it,“If you don’t guard your time,people will steal it from you.”You need to say“no”to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals. G)Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs,who said,“People think focus meanssaying‘yes’to the thing you’ve got to focus on.But that’s not what it means at all.It means saying‘no’to the hundred other good ideas that there are.You have to pick carefully.”Jobs had another great quote about saying“no”:“I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done.Innovation is saying‘no’to1,000 things.”H)Over time,as you continue to improve and succeed,your strategy needs to change.Theopportunity cost of your time increases as you become more successful.At first,you just eliminate the obvious distractions and explore the rest.As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn’t,you have to continually increase your threshold for saying“yes”.You still need to say“no”to distractions,but you also need to learn to say“no”to opportunities that were previously good uses of time,so you can make space for better uses of time.It’s a good problem to have,but it can be a tough skill to master.I)What is true about health is also true about productivity:an ounce of prevention is worth apound of cure.More effort is wasted doing things that don’t matter than is wasted doing things inefficiently.And if that is the case,elimination is a more useful skill than optimization.I’m reminded of the famous Peter Drucker quote,“There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all.”36.People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.37.It’s no easy job learning to say“no”to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping.38.When you decline a request,you are saving your future time.39.People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.40.Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.41.It is especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.42.People agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do.43.According to one famous entrepreneur,innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things.44.It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.45.Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people. Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.We’re eating more fish than ever these days.At around20kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the1960s.What’s really remarkable, though,is where that fish comes from.For the first time in human history,most of our aquatic(水产的)food now comes from farming rather than fishing.People ate around73million tonnes of farmed fish—just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed—in2014.That’s out of a total fish supply of167million tonnes; the remaining20million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.To keep eating fish at the current rate,we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture(水产养殖)developing.That’s because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the1990s.Back in1974,only10%of marine fish stocks had been overfished.Now,more than three-tenths are.Only a tenth of our oceans’fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.But while catchings at sea have suffered,fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate.A lot of that is coming from China,which produces60%of the world’s farmed fish.In fact, some35countries,including China,now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon(三文鱼)on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability.By2050,the world will need to feed an estimated9.7billion people.They’ll have to get their protein somewhere.However, raising cattle,pigs,and other land-based animals requires vast sums of grain and water.For example,pound for pound,beef requires15times more feed to raise than carp,a freshwaterfish farmed all over Asia.That grain—and the water needed to grow it—could be consumed by people instead.However,aquaculture is no silver bullet.In some southeast Asian countries,shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems.Despite these problems,however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.46.What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?A)They reproduce quickly.B)They are mostly farmed.C)They have become as important as grain.D)They have a longer history than humans.47.What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rate?A)Increase the fishing volume considerably.B)Develop more advanced fishing technology.C)Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.D)Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.48.What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food?A)It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.B)It boasts of the world’s largest fishing stocks.C)It raises more fish than caught from the wild.D)It supplies60%of the world’s fish products.49.Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days?A)It is a must for feeding the world’s fast-growing population.B)It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals.C)It is essential to maintaining both mental and physical health.D)It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.50.What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bullet?A)Shrimp-farming is a risky business.B)Fish-farming will not be sustainable.C)Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.D)Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.In2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP).Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP,and why now?In2019,the WFP assisted nearly100 million people in88countries.It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability.Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.The WFP has been around since1961and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid.Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about11%of people on the planet(about820million people)aresuffering daily undernourishment.Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the1990s and2000s.Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones,but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive.When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached,like loan repayment or food for resources,it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order.This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.The scientific community,however,can provide a helping hand to the WFP.By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger,scientists can help reduce these problems.By making its voice heard,science can lead by example.The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries,which may have food problems of their own,or world economic institutions.This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.51.What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?A)More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.B)All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.C)It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.D)It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.52.What do we learn about the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger?A)It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.B)It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.C)It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.D)It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.53.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?A)The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.B)More people will be willing to join in the effort.C)More food will be made available to the needy.D)The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.54.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?A)By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.B)By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.C)By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.D)By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?A)Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.B)Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.C)Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.D)World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.冬至（Winter Solstice）是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。

中医内科学期末试题及答案(第三套)

中医内科学期末试题及答案一、单项选择题，每题1分，共30分（在备选答案中选择1个最佳答案，并把它的标号写在题后的括号内）1．中医内科学的形成和发展，从殷商到清末经历了：A．5000多年B．2500多年C．2000多年D．3000多年2．首先出现感冒之名的医著是：A《内经》B《丹溪心法.伤风》C《仁斋直指方．诸风》D《诸病源候论》3．患者恶寒重，发热轻，头身困重而痛，无汗，鼻塞，流清涕，脘闷腹胀，纳呆便溏，舌苔白腻，脉浮缓。

最佳选方是：A荆防败毒散B藿香正气散C补中益气丸D新加香薷饮4．外感发热的主要病因是：A热邪B暑邪C六淫或疫毒之邪D湿热之邪5．口渴反应人体的病变是：A气虚B血虚C津伤D阳虚6．下列除哪一项外均是痢疾的主症？A腹痛腹泻B里急后重C便下赤白脓血D泻下粪便如米泔水7．厥证的治疗原则是：A化痰醒神B开窍醒神C回厥醒神D回阳救逆8．外感咳嗽的治法是：A祛邪止咳B祛邪化痰C解表止咳D祛邪利肺9．哮病发作的诱因下列哪一项最主要？A饮食不节B情志失调C气候因素D劳倦过度10．喘证的病位主要在：A肝肺B心肺C脾肺D肺肾11．患者时时振寒，壮热不寒，咳嗽气急，胸满作痛，咳则加重，转侧不利，咳吐浊痰量多，有腥味，呈黄绿色，舌苔黄腻，脉滑数。

属肺痈那一期？A初期B成痈期C溃脓期D恢复期12．对喘证的论述，指出“在肺为实，在肾为虚”的医著是：A《临证指南医案．喘》B《丹溪心法．喘》C《类证治裁·喘证》D《证因脉治．喘证》13．肺胀的病性多属：A本虚标实证B实证C虚证D上实下虚证14．心悸的病名首见于：A《素问》B《金匮要略》C《景岳全书》D《医学心悟》15．“真心痛,手足青至节,心痛甚,旦发夕死，夕发旦死。

”出自：A《金匮要略》B《素问．藏气法时论》C 《素问.厥论》D《灵枢.五邪》16．最早记载“诸风掉眩，皆属于肝”的医著是：A《灵枢．海论》B《灵枢．口问篇》C《素问．至真要大论》D《金匮要略》17．倡导中风病“非风”学说的医家是：A叶天士B李东垣C张景岳D刘河间18．.郑某，女，42岁，烦热不寐，多梦易惊，性情急躁易怒，伴头晕头痛，目赤耳鸣，口苦口干，小便黄赤，大便秘结，舌红，舌苔黄，脉弦数。

2020年12月四级考试真题第三套答案

2020年12月四级考试真题第三套答案一、单项选择题He _______ his homework yesterday.A. doesB. didC. doD. doingThey _______ playing football every weekend.A. goB. goesC. are goingD. areShe _______ a book last night.A. readB. readsC. is readingD. was reading二、完形填空It was a cold winter day. Mr. Smith wanted to go to the _______ to buy some food. He _______ his coat and walked out of the house. It was snowing outside, and the ground was covered with _______ snow.He walked for a long time and finally got to the _______. He saw a lot of people there. He walked around and _______ some apples, oranges and vegetables. Then he went to the _______ counter and bought some meat.After shopping, he went back home. When he got home, he felt very _______ and hungry. He made a cup of hot chocolate and ate some of the food he had _______.That day, he really enjoyed his _______ shopping trip.A. marketB. schoolC. hospitalD. parkE. put onF. took offG. whiteH. blackI. fruit J. meat K. tired L. fullM. bought N. saw O. wonderful三、阅读理解(文章略，提供一段简短的阅读文章和几个相关问题)What is the main idea of the passage?A. The author's daily routine.B. The importance of healthy eating.C. The history of a famous restaurant.D. The benefits of cooking at home.How many people are mentioned in the passage?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The author enjoys cooking.B. The author often eats out with friends.C. The author thinks cooking is a waste of time.D. The author prefers homemade food to restaurant food.四、写作题Write a short essay (100-150 words) about the importance of learning a foreign language. Include reasons why you think it is important and how it can benefit your future.。

反假币考试试题第三套(人民币)

练习题一、单选题第1题: 观察第五套人民币1999年版100元纸币上的隐形面额数字防伪特征，正确的方法是（）。

A.将票面置于紫外灯下B.将票面置于与眼睛接近平行的位置，面对光源作平行旋转45度或90度角C.将票面面对光源作平行旋转45度或90度角D.将票面面对光源作顺时针旋转45度或90度角正确答案:B第2题: 1999年版人民币100元纸币安全线上缩微文字是（）。

A.￥100B.100C.RMB100D.人民币100正确答案:C第3题: 1999年版人民币（）纸币为横竖双号码，横号码为黑色，竖号码为红色。

A.20元B.5元C.100元D.50元正确答案:D第4题: 1999年版人民币10元纸币共有（）种公众防伪特征。

A.8B.9C.10D.11正确答案:C第5题: 2005年版人民币5元纸币共有（）种专业防伪特征。

A.6B.7C.8D.9正确答案:C第6题: 1999年版人民币5元纸币共有（）种公众防伪特征。

A.9B.10C.12D.13正确答案:A第7题: 第五套人民币1元纸币的背面主景图案是（）。

A.B.C.正确答案:B第8题: 人民币1999年版、2005年版5元纸币背面有色荧光油墨印刷图案在紫外光下显现（）色。

A. 黄B. 绿C. 红D. 蓝正确答案:B第9题: 第五套人民币1999年版1元纸币的固定花卉水印是（）水印。

A.兰花B.荷花C.水仙花D.牡丹正确答案:A第10题: 1999年10月1日，中国人民银行发行了（）人民币。

A.第二套B.第三套C.第四套D.第五套正确答案:D第11题: 目前市场上伪造的人民币主要是（）假人民币。

A.机制B.手工制作C.计算机制作D.彩色复印正确答案:A第12题: 未经（）批准，任何单位和个人不得研制、仿制、引进、销售、购买和使用印制人民币所特有的防伪材料、防伪技术、防伪工艺和专用设备。

A.国家专利局B.中国人民银行C.中国印钞造币总公司D.国务院正确答案:B第13题: 金融机构在办理业务时发现假币，由该金融机构（）业务人员当面予以收缴。

沟通与协调能力第三套试题100分标准答案

下列哪些不是积极领导群众的内容（）A如果领导者与广大群众在思想上不一致，行动上不统一，形成“多中心”、“多目标”，就会出现“领导喊，群众看”或者“群众干，领导拦”的局面B需要领导与群众相结合C照顾群众关系，并迁就某些落后群众的要求D宣传群众、组织群众、教育群众和带领群众一道前进答案C对（）沟通而言，空间距离的远近影响信息的清晰度A电话B网络C口头D会议答案C同事间的交往类型不包括（）A合作型B利用型C被迫型D融合型答案D在协调与上级关系的过程中，做法不正确的是（）A“管理自己的上司”B获得上级的信任和支持C猥琐迎合、曲意奉承D事关党和国家的根本利益问题，就不应一味地“协调”答案C 在英国对伊拉克的“沙漠惊雷”计划中，安南充当了恰当的调解人的身份，下面哪项并不是他的做法（）A联系实际B多方兼顾C展望未来D坚持原则答案C下面哪些不算是冲突（）A知觉到或意识到冲突条件的存在时B知觉到冲突并有情绪的卷入C当一方固执己见，对对方的意见不采纳、不尊重D自己的意见不能被对方赞同感到失望、挫折，甚至引起强烈的愤怒答案A一个人能有效地与他人进行信息交流的主观条件是指（）A说话能力B智力C沟通能力D谈判能力答案C能力按照（）分，可分为一般能力和专门能力A方向B内容C本质D性质答案D下面哪些不是沟通的主要因素（）A信息B传递者C编码D理解答案B沟通是一种精神活动，其效果的好坏，与沟通主体的（）有着极大的关系A身体状态B心理状态C文化修养D社会背景答案B人们的不同属性不是由于下面的（）造成的A性格B年龄C身份D发型答案D目标管理的精髓在于（）A从集体的利益出发，提出对即将制定的目标的种种建议或见解B从自己的利益出发，提出对即将制定的目标的种种建议或见解C实现自我目标的过程D实现组织目标和个人目标的完美结合答案D 突出发展自己的长处，以弥补自己的短处给领导协调带来的不利影响是（）A直接补短法B间接补短法C全面提高法D层级递进提高法答案B下面哪些不属于尊重上级的范畴（）A上级领导的人格B上级领导的作用C上级领导的习惯D上级领导的喜好答案D“人创造奇迹常常是在瞬间，但没有一个创造奇迹的人是依靠瞬间的。

6级第三套试题及答案

6级第三套试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 5:45 p.m. B) 6:15 p.m. C) 6:45 p.m. D) 7:15 p.m.2. A) 50 dollars. B) 80 dollars. C) 100 dollars. D) 120 dollars.3. A) At a restaurant. B) At a bookstore. C) At a post office. D) At a bank....20. A) Disappointed. B) Surprised. C) Annoyed. D) Relieved.答案：1. C2. B3. A...20. D二、阅读理解（共20分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The benefits of exercise.C) The impact of diet on health.D) The role of stress in daily life.2. According to the author, what is the best way to improve memory?A) Taking more breaks.B) Eating a balanced diet.C) Exercising regularly.D) Getting enough sleep....10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A) The author is optimistic about the future.B) The author is concerned about the current situation.C) The author is suggesting a new approach.D) The author is warning against a potential problem.答案：1. A2. D...10. B三、完形填空（共20分）1. A) Despite B) Although C) Because D) Since2. A) to B) for C) with D) by...20. A) however B) therefore C) moreover D) besides答案：1. B2. C...20. A四、翻译（共30分）1. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得越来越方便。

国家开放大学电大《文学概论》机考第三套标准试题及答案

国家开放大学电大《文学概论》机考第三套标准试题及答案T√F×3.中国古代文论关于文学文本“言象意”三层面说和“粗精”两层面说，其共同点都是从“可见”（显示）与“不可见”（非显示）的分别上来加以立论的。

T√F×4.文学是由语言的具体运用而实现的艺术。

T√F×5.通常意义上，我们把具有象征意蕴的文学形象称为“意象”。

T√F×6.中国古典文论的“风化”或“教化”说带有某种“实用论”的倾向。

T√F×7.典型形象不仅仅是一种独特鲜明审美形象，也是一种深刻多义的历史形象。

T√F×8.文学的原初含义就是指今天意义的诗歌、抒情散文等。

T√F×10.作家创作的语境与读者阅读的语境应该是重合的。

T√F×主观题二、作品分析题（共1题，共60分）作品分析题：请在下面所给出的诗歌、散文、小说三类文学作品中，选择一部作品进行分析与评价。

同学们可以根据文学概论课程学到的任何理论知识与观点，既可以选取文学的属性描述、文学的语言特点、文学的形象性认知理论、文学体裁的特征表现、文学的阅读理论或者文学批评的相关模式等等对所选择的文学作品进行分析与评价。

具体要求如下：1．必须运用文学理论知识，结合作品展开分析与评价；2．要准确、恰当地使用不低于2限次的学科专业术语；3．问题回答要划分出层次，条理清晰，合乎逻辑；4．避免出现照搬材料内容，就事论事，缺乏理论依据的表述。

诗歌评析：背影汪国真背影总是很简单简单是一种风景背影总是很年轻年轻是一种清明背影总是很含蓄含蓄是一种魅力背影总是很孤零孤零更让人记得清答：汪国真《背影》这首诗歌蕴含了诗人的情感，表现出诗人对背影的理解，对诗人来说背影是含蓄而又孤独的，但这样的背影却会给人留下深刻的印象，令人难以忘却，让人感觉十分凄凉，诗歌中蕴含着诗人青春的四种情态：孤单、含蓄、清明，简单，孤单诗歌中总蕴含着诗人的情感，这首诗也继续了诗人青春的思绪，即青春的四种情态；清明，还不是晦涩，有机会多请教；简单。

排球理论考试试题带答案(第三套)

排球理论考试试题带答案（第三套）一、选择题1、队长﹍﹍﹍号码下，应有一条与上衣颜色不同的长8厘米、宽2厘米的条状标志。

A、上衣胸前B、上衣身后C、短裤正确答案：A2、﹍﹍﹍在比赛后感谢裁判员，并在记分表上签字承认比赛结果。

A、队长B、场上队长C、教练员正确答案：A3、中国排球协会于﹍﹍﹍在北京正式成立。

A、1951年B、1953年C、1958年正确答案：B4、﹍﹍﹍在比赛后感谢裁判员，并在记分表上签字承认比赛结果。

A、队长B、场上队长C、教练员正确答案：A5、沙滩排球﹍﹍﹍年正式成为奥运会正式比赛项目。

A、1996B、2000C、2004 正确答案：A6、﹍﹍﹍技术是排球技术中唯一不受他人制约的技术。

A、扣球B、发球C、拦网正确答案：B7、沙滩排球比赛中所有局间休息的时间均为﹍﹍﹍分钟。

A、1B、2C、3 正确答案：A8、沙滩排球比赛一局中（决胜局除外）先得到﹍﹍﹍并至少超过对方2分的队胜一局。

A、15分B、21分C、25分正确答案：B9、下列﹍﹍﹍队员是属于后排，较于前排队员更靠近本方端线。

A、1号位B、2号位C、3号位正确答案：A10、场上的5号位是指﹍﹍﹍。

A、前排左侧位置B、后排左侧位置C、后排右侧位置正确答案：B11、排球运动是由美国麻省好利若城青年会干事﹍﹍﹍发明的。

A、威廉摩根B、奈史密斯C、阿科斯塔正确答案：A12、我国著名排球运动员﹍﹍﹍曾被誉为“世界排坛第一飞人”。

A、汪嘉伟B、张翔C、郑亮正确答案：A13、第一裁判员鸣哨后，发球队员必须在﹍﹍﹍内将球发出。

A、6秒B、8秒C、10秒正确答案：B14、“四二”配备时应安排﹍﹍﹍。

A、一名二传和五名进攻队员B、二名二传和四名进攻队员C、三名二传和三名进攻队员正确答案：B15、国际排联世界性比赛的第1-4局中，每局除被请求的暂停外，另外有两次技术暂停，每当领先队达到﹍﹍﹍时自动执行。

A、8分和15分B、8分和16分C、10分和20分正确答案：B16、球网上沿两标志杆之间的距离为﹍﹍﹍。

初级会计职称经济法基础试题第三套

初级会计职称经济法基础试题第三套1、根据行为是否需要特定形式或实质要件，法律行为可以分为( )。

A、单方的法律行为和多方的法律行为B、有偿的法律行为和无偿的法律行为C、要式的法律行为和不要式的法律行为D、主法律行为和从法律行为2、下列关于民事诉讼判决的说法中，不正确的是( )。

A、法院审理民事案件，一律应当公开进行B、民事诉讼一律公开宣告判决C、法院审理民事案件可以根据当事人的意愿进行调解D、当事人不服法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起15日内向上一级法院提起上诉3、民事诉讼审判制度中，法院审理第一审民事案件，适用独任审理的情形有( )。

A、选民资格案件B、公示催告程序C、反垄断案件D、重大、疑难的案件4、小张是一名应届毕业大学生，毕业后与一家高科技电子公司签订了为期2年的劳动合同，入职后公司对小张进行了一个月的专业技术培训，支付了培训费12000元，公司与小张约定服务期为3年。

2年后，小张以劳动合同期满为由离开了公司，公司要求其支付违约金。

下列各项中，符合规定的是( )。

A、2年的合同期满，小张可以离开公司，不用支付违约金B、小张违反服务期约定的，应向本单位支付违约金8000元C、小张违反服务期约定的，应向本单位支付违约金12000元D、小张可以离开公司，应支付4000元违约金5、黄某2016年在某广告公司上班，日工资为150元，每周工作5天，每天工作6小时。

他在“十一”国庆节法定假期加班了1天，在10月的其中两个周加班了2个周日，在10月的三个工作日每天加班2个小时。

黄某在10月可以获得的加班工资是( )。

A、825元B、525元C、1275元D、675元6、张某2016年年中从甲公司离职，后直接到乙公司入职。

张某年底向乙公司提出带薪年休假申请。

已知张某自初次就业至今已工作12年，跳槽到乙公司时当年剩余日历天数占全年日历天数的比例为1/3。

下列选项中，关于张某在乙公司年休假天数的说法中，正确的是( )。

组织行为学试题及答案(第三套)

《组织行为学试题》及答案（第三套）一、名词解释（每小题4分,共16分）1．个案研究法2．气质3．群体4．组织文化二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分.在备选芦案中，选择一个正确答案并将答案题号填入题后的括号内）1．被称为研究组织内部人的行为的里程碑是什么?（）A．1949年在美国芝加哥召开的科学讨论会B.霍桑试验C.1914年利莲•吉尔布雷斯出版的《管理心理学》D.泰罗的《科学管理原理》2．一个人经常出现的、比较稳定的心理倾向性和非倾向性特征的总和是（）。

A.气质B.个性C•能力D•性格3.当某种行为出现后，给予某种带有强制性、威胁性的不利后果，以期减少这种行为出现的可能性或消除该行为，这种强化方式是（）。

A.惩罚B.正强化C.自然消退D,消极强化4.某公司年终奖励时,发给受奖员工每人一台电风扇,结果许多员工很不满意,认为公司花钱给他们买了个没用又占地方的东西。

造成这种现象的原因是（）oA.公司没有做到奖罚分明B.奖励不够及时C.公司没有做到奖人所需、形式多变D。

员工太挑剔5.由组织正式文件明文规定的、群体成员有固定的编制,有规定的权力和义务,有明确的职责和分工的群体属于（）。

A.非正式群体B.正式群体C.小群体D.参照群体6.管理方格图中,最有效的领导方式有（）。

A.贫乏型B.任务第一型C.俱乐部型D.团队式7.对下属采取信任的态度,并与他们共同制定计划、设置目标、改进和检查工作,这种领导风格屈于什么类型?（）A•专权独裁式B.温和独裁式C.协商式D.参与式8.要帮助领导者对组织的一切“变化”做出有效管理的设计理论是（）。

A.分化一整合组织结构B.项目组织设计C.距阵式组织设计D.自由型组织结构9.艾桑尼是从哪个角度来划分组织类型的？（）A.社会功能B.成员受益程度C.对成员的控制方式D.成员人数10．学习型组织的支持者们认为传统组织的问题是由其固有的特性引起的，这些固．有特性主要是（）A.分工、竞争和反应性B。

2022小学科学课程标准试题及答案(三套)

2022小学科学课程标准试题及答案(三套)一、第一套试题1. 太阳是我们太阳系中的恒星，其直径约为多少公里？A. 3000公里B. 5000公里C. 7000公里D. 9000公里答案：C2. 以下哪个不属于动物的特征？A. 植物细胞B. 多细胞结构C. 有机体D. 需要食物和氧气生存答案：A3. 下列哪个动物是两栖动物？A. 鸡B. 鱼C. 鸭D. 青蛙答案：D4. 下列哪个是地球上的最高山峰？A. 喜马拉雅山B. 阿尔卑斯山C. 安第斯山D. 欧拉山答案：A5. 水的三态是指水的哪三种状态？A. 气态、液态、固态B. 液态、固态、稠态C. 固态、煤态、液态D. 稠态、气态、液态答案：A二、第二套试题1. 标准的气压是多少帕斯卡？A. 1000帕斯卡B. 2000帕斯卡C. 3000帕斯卡D. 4000帕斯卡答案：A2. 火星是我们太阳系中的一颗行星，它是第几颗行星？A. 第一颗B. 第二颗C. 第三颗D. 第四颗答案：D3. 以下哪个是构成地壳的主要物质？A. 氧气B. 氮气C. 二氧化碳D. 硅酸盐答案：D4. 下列哪个是生物的特征？A. 有机体B. 无机体C. 无机物D. 矿物答案：A5. 以下哪种气体是我们呼吸过程中排除的废气？A. 氧气B. 二氧化碳C. 一氧化碳D. 氮气答案：B三、第三套试题1. 下列哪个是地球上最大的海洋？A. 太平洋B. 大西洋C. 印度洋D. 北冰洋答案：A2. 以下哪个是构成大气层的主要气体？A. 氧气B. 氮气C. 氢气D. 氟气答案：B3. 以下哪个是最小的行星？A. 地球B. 金星C. 火星D. 水星答案：D4. 植物的主要营养成分是什么？A. 脂肪B. 蛋白质C. 纤维素D. 碳水化合物答案：D5. 以下哪个是属于鸟类的动物？A. 鲸鱼B. 海豚C. 鸡D. 企鹅答案：C。

职业卫生知识题库(第三套试题)

职业卫生知识题库（第三套试题）1、生产经营单位未按照应急预案采取预防措施,导致事故救援不力或者造成严重后果的,由县级以上安全生产监督管理部门依照有关法律、法规和规章的规定,责令停产停业整顿,并依法给予行政处罚。

正确答案：对2、经费保障就是明确应急专项经费来源、使用范围和监督管理措施,保障应急状态时生产经营单位应急经费的及时到位。

正确答案：错3、居民委员会、村民委员会、企业事业单位应当根据所在地人民政府的要求,结合各自的实际情况,开展有关突发事件应急知识的宣传普及活动和必要的应急演练。

正确答案：对4、单位要根据需要,没有必要引进、采用先进适用的应急救援技术装备。

正确答案：错5、生产规模小、危险因素少的生产经营单位,综合应急预案和专项应急预案可以合并编写。

正确答案：对6、应急救援的器材不用检查,性能完好就行。

正确答案：错7、化学事故发生后,对一些现场难以急救的重伤员,救护组一边采取应急救护措施,一边组织转送到指定医院。

正确答案：对8、为使应急救援预案更有针对性和能迅速应用,一般要制定不同类型的应急预案。

正确答案：对9、危害是可能造成人员伤害的根源。

正确答案：错10、获悉突发事件信息的公民、法人或者其他组织,应当立即向所在地人民政府、有关主管部门或者指定的专业机构报告。

正确答案：对11、用人单位未按照规定组织职业健康检查、建立职业健康监护档案或者未将检查结果如实告知劳动者的,责令限期改正,给予警告,可以并处5万元以上10万元以下的罚款。

正确答案：对12、劳动者因某种原因未接受离岗时职业健康检查,用人单位可以解除或者终止与其订立的劳动合同。

正确答案：错13、毒物和粉尘的识别关键在于生产物料的确认和工艺过程的调查分析。

正确答案：对14、不定期对作业环境空气中有毒物质进行监测是防毒作业环境管理的重要内容。

正确答案：错15、职业病防护设施,包括降低职业病危害因素的强度或浓度的设备和设施,也包括有关建筑物和构筑物。

完整版教育学原理试题及答案第三套

教师招聘测试教育学原理试题及答案〔第三套〕填空〔每空0.5分,共15分〕1、?»是教育史上最早的教育专著,约写于中国的战国末年,比欧州昆体良所著的?»约早年.2、美育是形成学生正确的审美观点,培养学生、和的教育.3、对年轻一代教育影响,全面地看,是由、、三方面构成的,教育成效往往是这三方面合力的结果.4、教育是人类社会、普遍的现象.5、构成综合课的根本组成局部有、、、、等五局部.6、班主任与家长联系的方式主要有、、等三种.7、请列举三种中小学常用的教学方法、、.8、教师应具备根本职业道德包括、、和严谨治学,为人师表.9、社会主义学校的德育包括三个组成局部,即教育、教育、教育.10、备课的细节各科教学尽管有所不同,但备课必须都要做好的三方面工作是、、O二、不定项选择〔每题1分,共10分〕1、组织教学是〔〕.A教学过程的根本阶段之一B课的根本组成局部之一C教学工作的根本环节之一2、师范院校开设的公共教育学课程属于〔〕.A学前教育学B普通教育学C高等教育学D职业教育学3、学校工作的全面安排必须以〔〕.A教学为主B教育为主C学习为主D开发智力为主4、遗传素质对人的开展的作用和影响有〔〕.A遗传素质是人的开展的物质前提B遗传素质为人的开展提供了可能C遗传素质决定了人的开展D遗传素质对个体开展的影响随增龄而在总体上呈减弱趋势.5、最早对课堂教学从理论上加以阐述的教育著作是〔〕A斯宾塞的?教育论? B洛克的?教育漫话?C马卡连柯的?教育诗篇?D夸美纽斯的?大教学论?6、课堂教学的辅助形势是〔〕.A现场教学B复式教学C个别教学D分组教学7、教育机智表达了教师劳动的〔〕特点.A复杂性B示范性C创造性D长期性8、在教育过程中,学生是教育的〔〕.A主体B客体C即是主体又是客体D即不是主体也不是客体.9、实行九年制义务教育是为了普及〔〕.A初中教育B小学教育C初等教育D中等教育10、建立和开展良好的师生关系关键在于〔〕.A教师B学生C学校D社会三、判断并改错〔每题2分,共10分〕1、人的全面开展实际上是指身心方面共同、平均的开展.2、德育过程是培养思想品德的过程,所以德育过程即是思想品德形成过程3、教师的责任在于教书育人.4、课外辅导是课堂教学的一种补充形式,但不是上课的继续和简单重复.5、启发式教学是一种具体的教学方法.四、名词解释〔每题3分,共15分〕1、学校教育2、德育过程3、教育目的4、教学大纲5、班级授课制五、简做题〔每题5分,共20分〕1、简答教育与生产力的作用与关系2、教学要完成哪些任务3、教学工作包括哪些根本环节4、德育过程具有哪些特点六、论述题〔22分〕1、结合所学专业谈谈如何上好一节课〔12分〕2、如何熟悉和处理“知、情、意、行〞的关系〔10分〕七、实例分析〔8分〕〔用遗传、环境、教育在人的身心开展中的作用理论分析〕世界著名生物学家达尔文从小被认为智力低下,但剑桥的博物学者汉斯罗在与达尔文的交往中发现他有很强的观察力,于是亲自推荐他作为自然科学工作者参加贝格尔舰的考察航行,后来取得了卓著的成绩.一、填空1、?学记?、?论演说家的教育?、三百年2、感受美、欣赏美、创造美3、家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育4、永恒的5、组织教学、检查复习、讲授新教材、稳固新教材、布置课外作业6、家庭访问、书面联系、家长会7、讲授法、谈话法、演示法、实验法、参观法、练习法〔六种中任三种都为正确〕8、热爱教育事业、热爱学生、热爱教师集体9、政治、思想、道德10、备教材、备学生、备教法二、不定项选择1B 2B 3A 4ABD 5D 6AC 7C 8C 9C 10A三、判断并改错1、错.人的全面开展实际上是指人的身心各方面都得到自由的、充分的、统一的开展.2、错.德育过程是培养思想品德的过程,但德育过程不是思想品德形成过程.3、正确.4、正确.5、错.启发式教学是一种教学指导思想.四、名词解释1、学校教育：是教育者根据一定社会(或阶级)的要求,有目的、有方案、有组织地对受教育者的身心施加影响,把他们培养成为一定社会(或阶级)所需要的人的社会实践活动.2、德育过程：是教育者根据教育目的要求和教育规律,采用一定方法,有组织、有目的、有方案地启发引导受教育者能动地理解、接受和践行一定社会思想准那么、行为标准,并使其养成相应思想品德的过程.3、教育目的：是指一定社会培养人才的质量规格或标准,是教育活动的出发点和归宿.4、班级授课制：也称课堂教学,是将学生按年龄和知识水平分成有固定人数的教学班, 以班为单位,根据规定的教学内容、教学时间和课程表,分科进行教学的一种组织形式.五、简做题1(1)教育是劳动力再生产的重要手段.(2)教育是科学知识再生产的重要手段.(3)教育是生产新的科学技术的重要手段.(4)教育是科学技术转化为生产力的重要手段.2、(1)传授和学习系统的科学文化根底知识,形成根本技能技巧.(2)开展学生的水平.(3)向学生进行德育和培养其它积极心理品质.3、(1)备课.(2)上课.(3)课外作业和辅导.(4)学习成绩的检查与评定.4、(1)是培养学生思想品德的知、情、意、行的统一开展过程.(2)是组织学生实践活动和交往的过程.(3)是促进学生思想内部矛盾斗争开展的过程.(4)是一个长期的反复的逐步提升的过程.六、论述题1、答案要点(1)具有明确的教学目的.(2)具有正确的教学内容.(3)正确灵活地运用教学方法.(4)综合贯彻教学原那么.(5)充分发挥师生两个积极性.(6)合理有效地限制教学进程.2、答案要点(1)什么是“知、情、意、行〞.知：即思想道德熟悉.情：即思想道德情感.意：即思想道德意志.行：即思想道德行为.(2)正确熟悉和处理四者关系.①知、情、意、行各因素在思想道德开展过程中是相互制约、相互影响的.知为行为和意志自觉性的根底,而知最终必须转化为行,意是克服内外阻力,促进思想品德开展的根本条件.情是伴随知、行、意的内部体验对思想品德的开展起强化和抑制作用.②在学生的思想品德培养过程中,每个因素都可视学生的具体情况和当时教育的要求成为教育的起点,但其结果都应落在意志行动上.七、实例分析提示：达尔文大器晚成的事例, 说明儿童时代智力表现迟钝的人, 只要在后天良好的环境和教育条件下以及个人的主观努力下, 也是可以有成就的.先天的遗传素质仅是给开展提供一种可能性,这种可能性必须在一定的环境和教育的影响下才能转化为现实性.。

全国卷3试题答案

全国卷3试题答案一、选择题（1）单项选择题：请从每题所给的四个选项中，选择一个最符合题意的答案。

1. 下列关于中国历史的说法，正确的是：A. 秦始皇统一了六国后，实行了分封制。

B. 唐朝时期，科举制度开始成为选拔官员的主要方式。

C. 明朝的海禁政策主要是为了防范外族入侵。

D. 清朝末年，鸦片战争导致了中国近代史的开端。

答案：B（2）多项选择题：请从每题所给的五个选项中，选择若干个最符合题意的答案。

1. 以下哪些科技成果是第二次工业革命的代表性成果？A. 蒸汽机B. 电力C. 内燃机D. 计算机E. 化学工业答案：B, C, E二、填空题1. 请根据中国地理知识，填写下列空缺处的地名。

（1）中国最大的淡水湖是______。

（2）黄河流经的最后一个省份是______。

（3）位于中国最南端的岛屿是______。

答案：（1）鄱阳湖（2）山东省（3）海南岛三、简答题1. 请简述中国古代“四大发明”对世界文明的贡献。

答案：中国古代的“四大发明”指的是指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。

这些发明对世界文明产生了深远的影响：- 指南针的发明极大地促进了航海技术的发展，使得人们能够在茫茫大海中确定方向，从而推动了地理大发现和世界各文明间的交流。

- 火药的发明改变了战争的形态，火器的使用使得战争的杀伤力大大增加，同时也推动了军事技术的进步。

- 造纸术的发明使得书写材料更加普及和廉价，极大地促进了知识的传播和文化的发展。

- 印刷术的发明进一步加速了信息的传播速度，使得书籍能够大量复制和广泛传播，对教育和科学的发展起到了重要的推动作用。

四、论述题1. 论述中国改革开放政策对中国经济和社会发展的影响。

答案：改革开放政策自1978年开始实施以来，对中国的经济和社会发展产生了深刻的影响：- 经济方面：改革开放引入了市场经济机制，放松了对私营和外资企业的限制，激发了企业的活力和创新能力。

通过引入外资和国外先进技术，中国的产业结构得到了优化和升级。

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)及答案解析

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Part I Directions :Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whethe university canteens should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have 30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.I Listening Comprehension (25minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,thereis a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Over the coming decades,millions of jobs will be threatened by robotics and artificial intelligence.Despite intensive academic 26_on these developments,there has been little study on how workers 27_to being replaced through technologyTo find out,business researchers at TUM and Erasmus University Rotterdam conducted 11studies and surveys with over 2,000persons from several countries.The findings show:In principle,most people view it more 28when workers are replaced by other people than by robots or intelligent software.This preference 29_,however,when it refers to people's own jobs When that is the case,the majority of workers find it less upsetting to see their own jobs go to robots than to other employees.In the long term,however,the same people see machines as more threatening to their future role in the workforce.These effects can also be observed among people who have recently become unemployed.The researchers were able to identify the causes behind these 30paradoxica results,too:Peopletend to 31_themselves less with machines than with other people.Consequently,being replaced by a robotor so ftware 32less of a threat to their feeling of self-worth.This reduced self-threat could even be observedwhe n participants assumed that they were being replaced by other employees who relied on technological abilities such as artificial intelligence in their work.“Even when unemployment results from the 33of new technologies,people still judge it in a social context,”says Christoph Fuchs,one of the authors of the study.“It is important to understand these 34effects when trying to manage the massive changes in the working world to minimize 35in society.”19·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·A)compareB)contradictsC)conventionalD)debateE)disruptionsF)drasticallyG)favorablyH)guarantee I)introduction J)modifications K)posesL)psychological M)reactN)reverses O)seeminglySection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet2.No escape as'snow day'becomes fe-learning day’A)Certain institutions,such as schools,are likely to close when bad weather,such as snow,flooding or extreme heat or cold,causes travel difficulties,power outages(断供),or otherwise endangers public safety.When snowy weather arrives in the US,it means the chance of school children benefiting from the long-standing tradition of the“snow day”,when schools are forced to close and students get an unexpected day off.B)The criterion for a snow day is primarily the inability of school buses to operate safely on their routes and danger to children who walk to school.Often,the school remains officially open even though buses do not run and classes arecanceled.Severe weather that causes cancellation or delayis more likely in regions that are less able to handle the situation.Snow days are less common in more northern areas of the United States that are used to heavy winter snowfall,because municipalities are well equipped to clear roads and remove snow.In areas less accustomed to snow even small snowfalls of an inch ortwo may render roads unsafe. C)Snow days are a familiar theme in American film and TV shows,with children getting the good news and then running outside for some seasonal snowman-building and snowball throwing,against a background ofjoyful pop music.But the tradition is now over for pupils in several US states such as South Carolina, Nevada,Georgia and Indiana.This academic year,many school boards have introduced policies which require students to work from home if the school is shut by snow or extreme weather.They are known as “e-learning days”,which certainly sounds less fun than a snow day.D)Teachers are also losing their snow days and instead will be expected to be on hand to take a virtual register and answer students'questions online.A pilot programme in a school district in Anderson County,South Carolina,has supplied students with electronic tablets loaded with assignments to complete in the event of a school closure.If it is successful,it could be rolled out across the state.E)But some parents object to the new policy if the vigorous debate on the Facebook page of Anderson County school district is anything to go by.“When it snows,let the kids enjoy it,”said one commenter.Another said the decision would“ruin school even more”,and someone else called snow days“a fun part of childhood”. But supporters of the policy say it means children will miss fewer days of school.It will also bring to an end a less popular US high school tradition:the“make-up day”,which requires students in many states to make up the time lost due to weatherby working during school holidays.·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·20F)Students in North Carolina already have several make-up days scheduled because of school closures duringHurricane Florence,which struck in September.Tom Wilson,the superintendent(主管)of Anderson County school district,said the change away from snow days makes practical and financial sense.He said technology has changed every profession,so it makes sense to use it to“eliminate”make-up days.Adam Baker of the Department of Education in Indiana said e-learning days were proving a“great success”.He said most Indiana schools already use digital devices during lessons,so it was an“easy decision”to extend this to days when schools are closed.He denies the decision is depriving children of the chance to enjoy the snow.“Students are still able to enjoy snow days and outside time,”he said.“Many have PE and science assignments that have them out enjoying the weather.”But local school superintendents in Ohio are resisting proposals to adopt e-learning days.They fear that students without internet access at home will be disadvantaged by the policy,and superintendent Tom Roth is concerned that e-learning days will offer a lower quality of education.G)There are also so-called“blizzard bags”,with assignments that children take home ahead of an expected snowclosure.But Mr Roth says it is not sufficient as a replacement.“I think we still need the class time to give our kids the education that they deserve,”he said.“Youcan't get that with a blizzard bag or doing the work from home like that.It's not going to be as effective.”H)There is a long-running debate on whether missing days of school affects attainment.In England,there hasbeen a focus on tackling absenteeism(旷课)from school.The Department for Education(DFE)published research in2016arguing that missing any days at school could have a negative impact on results.Even a few days lost in a year could be enough to miss out on getting a good exam grade,the DFE's research concluded.This differed from the findings of a study from Harvard University in the US,which concluded that missing a few occasional days because of the weather did not damage learning.I)The Harvard study examined seven years of school results data and could not find any impact from snowclosures.What caused moredisruption was when schools tried to stay open in bad weather,even though many staff and pupils were absent.But weather can make a difference to school results,according to another piece of Harvard research published last summer.It's hot weather that has the negative impact.The results of 10million school students were examined over13years and researchers found a“significant”link between years with extremely hotweather and lower results.J)It's obvious that students should go to school every day to get the most out of education.In cases of extreme weather students don't always have that option.However,research shows that authorised absences from school such as during extreme weather are less problematic for students than absences that are not authorised.This is because unauthorised absences tend to reflect patterns and behaviours of student disengagement,or the possible negative attitudes of parents towards education that students adopt and carry with them through schooling.The level of impact on students'educational performance is all to do with the length of time that a student is absent from school and how regularly this occurs.36.There is opposition to the practice of giving children assignments to take home before extreme weather forcesa school closure.37.New policies adopted by many US schools require students to do online learning at home in case of a schoolclosure38.According to some research,extreme hot weather negatively affects students'performance.39.There is a time-honoured tradition in the US for school kids to stay at home on“snow days”.21·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·40.Debates on social media show some parents are opposed to ending the“snowday”tradition.41.In more northern regions of the US,school is less likely to be affected by snowy weather.42.Research indicates absences from school with permission do not cause as many problems as those withoutpermission.43.There is objection to e-learning days owing to fear that students with no access to the Internet at home willsuffer44.In a pilot programme,students are given electronic devices to doassignments when schools areclosed.45.A long-standing debate is going on over the impact of school absences on students'academic performance.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.It may sound surprising,but you don't have to be interested in fashion,or even in history,to enjoy Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History.I happen to be interested in both,and ended up enjoying the book for completely different reasons.Richard Thompson Ford is a law professor,and you probably won't forget that for even one page.His carefully reasoned arguments,packed with examples,sound almost like reading a court opinion,only maybe wordier.You will probably never think of fashion as a trifle again.Ford's thesis is that the best way to understand what particular fashions meant in any given era is to look at the restrictions placed on them.Through this lens,he shows us that the first laws passed in the1200s to ensure that only the nobility were allowed to wear certain fabrics,colors and ornaments reflected the rise of the middle class,who were now able to imitate some of these fashions.The status of the upper classes was threatened; fashion was a tool to preserve it.Ford takes the reader through the evolution of fashion while examining the underlying motivations of status sex,power,and personality,which,he assumes,influenced all innovations in fashion in the past and which continue to influence us today.His writing is more than alittle dense—dense with research,clauses,and precise adjectives and nouns.But there's also humor and enough interesting episodes to make the writing appealing.No one is spared his sharp analysis:not the easy targets of19th century women's crippling(伤害身体的)fashions nor the modern uniforms of Silicon Valley T-shirts.But the greatest strength of this book(on fashion!)is its intellectual profoundness.Ford asks us to question unconscious beliefs,to realize thatwe almost never do so,to understand that the simplest choices are charged with meaning,and yet that meaning can and does change all thetime.Consider the fact that a1918catalog insisted that boys and girls be dressed in the appropriate color.We believe our thinking today is evolved;Ford shows us it's not.46.What does the author think of the book Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History?A)It is read by people for entirely different reasonsB)It is meant for those interested in fashion history·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·22C)It makes enjoyable as well as informative reading.D)It converts fashion into something for deliberation.47.How can people best understand a particular fashion in an era,according to Ford?A)By examining the restraints imposed on it.C)By glancing at its fabrics,colors and ornaments.B)By looking at what the nobility were wearing.D)By doing a survey of the upper and middle classes.48.What was the aim of the first laws passed regarding fashion in the1200s?A)To facilitate the rise of the middle class C)To help initiate some novel fashions.B)To loosen restrictions on dress codes.D)To preserve the status of the nobles.49.What does the author think of Ford's writing?A)It uses comparison and contrast in describing fashions of different erasB)It makes heavy reading but is not lacking in humor or appealC)It is filled with interesting episodes to spare readers intolerable boredom.D)It is characteristic of academics in presenting arguments.50.What does the author say is the greatest strength of Ford's book?A)Plentiful information.B)Meaningful choices.C)Evolved thinkingD)Intellectual depthPassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the followingpassage.The art of persuasion means convincing others to agree with your point of view or to follow your course of action.For some ofus,persuasion is an instinctive quality and the power of influencing comes naturally.For the rest of us,persuasion skills can be learned and developed over time.Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance.Besides,teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done.Without persuasion skills,employees may not be as committed to or convinced of the importance of an organization's vision and long-term mission.Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas,it'll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal.In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace,you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements.Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion,but logic and reasoning are just as important.Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal,you should help them understand why they should pursue ing visual aids to back up your ideas can help communicate your ideas better and make compelling arguments so your listeners will come to a logical choice and become fully committed to your ideas and plans.Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people.In order to sustain thoserelationships,you must be able to work in their best interests as well.Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed alongside you.The more they achieve and the greaterprogress they make,the more they trust your judgement and strength.We persuade and get persuaded every day—we're either convincing or being convinced.A vast majority of people prefer collaboration and teamwork over traditional organizational structures;no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around.Therefore,organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes.23·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·51.What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph?A)People may either be born with it or be able to cultivate it.B)It proves crucial in making others follow one's course of action.C)It refers to the natural and instinctive power of influencing one's coworkers.D)People may view it as both a means to convince others and an art of communication.52.Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace?A)They enable employees to be convinced oftheir long-term gains.B)They enable employees to trust their leaders unconditionally.C)They help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal.D)They help an organization to broaden its vision effectively.53.What should people do to learn the art of persuasion atthe workplace?A)Acquire effective communication skills.C)Understand the reason for pursuing their goalsB)Avoid getting involved in conflicts with others.D)Commit themselves fully to their ideas and plans54.When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers?A)When they are convinced you work in their interests while sacrificing your own.B)When they become aware of the potential strength of the judgements you make.C)When they become aware of the meaningful relationships you keep with them.D)When they are convinced they will make achievements together with you.55.Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessarychanges?A)To convince employees of the value of collaboration.B)To allow for the preferences of most people of todayC)To improve on traditional organizational structuresD)To adapt to employees'ever-changing working styles.PartIV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.汉语中的“福”字(the character fu)表示幸福和好运，是中国传统文化中最常用的吉祥(auspicious符号之一。