非谓语动词之过去分词

Unit 1过去分词做定语和表语

Part 1 过去分词作定语

[例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。

1. The polluted water was to blame.

2. We should also respect the retired workers.

3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.

4. He is a teacher loved by his students.

5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.

[归纳]

1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成（见句1）。作定语的过去分词由_____动词变时，和所修饰的词语之间是________关系。

不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如句2中的retired , 又如：

_______________落叶；_________________升起的太阳。

2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。

[拓展]

2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如：

There is nothing changed here since I left this town.

3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如：

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.

【练一练】

一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.This is the severely ___________(pollute) lake I mentioned to you the other day.

2.Huang Lin ______________(educate) in Germany has the ability to deal with such

a situation well.

3. Do you know the number of books___________(order) by the library?

4. Most of the artists_____________________(invite）to the party were from South America.

5. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases only__________________(know) to people with special knowledge.

二、完成句子(运用过去分词做定语）

1. 在会议上提出的问题对我们来说很严重。

The problem ______________ at the meeting is serious to us.

2. 不要担心。在结冰的湖上滑冰是相当安全的。

Don’t worry. It’s quite safe skating on the _______________.

3. 为了把英语学好，你应该提高你的口语和书面英语。

In order to learn English well, you should improve your _____________and __________________.

4.他十分同情暴晒在太阳下的农民工。

_________________________________________________________

5.靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。

__________________________________________________________

注意：不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做定语的区别

(1) 不定式作定语时，表示即将发生的动作；-ing分词作定语时，表示主动或正

在发生的动作；动词的过去分词作定语时，表示已经完成的动作。如：

The text to be learnt tomorrow is said to be very difficult. 明天要学的那篇课文据说很难。

The song learnt last week is very interesting. 上周所学的那首歌很有趣。

The sleeping boy is Li Lei’s bother. 正在睡觉的男孩是李蕾的弟弟。

The boiled water can be drunk. 开过的水可以被饮用。

The question ________________________ this afternoon is of great importance.

今天下午要讨论的问题很重要。

The question ___________ last night is of great importance. 昨晚所讨论的问题很重要。

The question _______________ now is of great importance. 现在所讨论的问题很重要。

(2) 使-ing分词作定语时，表示事物的性质或特征；使动词的过去分词作定语时，

表示人的心理状态。如：

an interesting story 有趣的故事an interested boy 感兴趣的男孩

a surprising gift 意想不到的礼物 a surprised cry 感到吃惊的叫声

a moving deed 一件感人的事迹 a moved group很受感动的人群

a frightening dog 令人害怕的狗 a frightened boy 感到害怕的男孩