八年级沪教版牛津版英语下册第1单元词汇与语法详解
沪教牛津版八下英语语法知识点归纳
沪教牛津版八下英语语法知识点归纳1. Present tense：现在时- 现在时表示目前正在进行的动作或状态：e.g. I am doing my homework.（我正在做作业。
）- 现在时还可以用来表示经常性的动作或习惯：e.g. She always gets up early.（她经常早起。
）2. Past tense：过去时- 过去时表示已经发生的动作或状态：e.g. I went to the park yesterday.（我昨天去了公园。
）- 过去时还可以用来表示过去的习惯或常态：e.g. He used to swim every morning.（他过去每天早上游泳。
）3. Future tense：将来时- 将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态：e.g. We will visit Paris next summer.（我们将会在明夏去巴黎。
）4. Modal verbs：情态动词- 情态动词用来表示说话者的态度、习惯、能力等：e.g. You should study harder.（你应该更加努力学习。
）- 常见的情态动词有can、could、may、might、must、shall、should、will、would等。
5. Passive voice：被动语态- 被动语态表示动作的接受者在句中作为主语：e.g. The cake was made by my sister.（这个蛋糕是由我妹妹制作的。
）6. Reported speech：间接引语- 间接引语用来转述别人所说的话：e.g. She said that she was going to the cinema.（她说她要去电影院。
）7. Adjectives and adverbs：形容词和副词- 形容词用来描述名词或代词的性质或特征：e.g. He is a tall man.（他是一个高个子的男人。
）- 副词用来描述动词、形容词和其他副词的程度、方式等：e.g. She sings beautifully.（她唱得很美。
上海版牛津八年级第二学期 unit 1
上海版牛津八年级第二学期Unit 1词性转换product n. 产品produce v. 生产production n. 生产fighter n 战士，斗士fight v. 战斗scientist n. 科学家science n. 科学scientific adj. 科学的interested adj.对…感兴趣的interesting adj.有趣的interest n 兴趣；v. 使产生兴趣breathe v. 呼吸breath n. 呼吸natural adj.自然的，天然的nature n. 自然naturally adv. 天然地，自然地warn v. 警告，注意warning n 警告protect v. 保护protection n. 保护chemical n. 化学物质，化学品chemistry n. 化学chemist n. 化学家，药剂师communicate v. 沟通，交流communication n. 沟通main adj. 主要的，最重要的mainly adv.主要地，最重要地noise n. 噪音noisy adj. 嘈杂的；喧闹的noisily adv.嘈杂地；喧闹地重要短语be interested in= have（great）interest in sth/doing sth 对…有（浓厚的）兴趣show（great）interest in sth/doing sth 对…表现出（浓厚的）兴趣in fact = actually 事实上fight for/against…为…/反对…而战as well as 也；还have a fight with sb 与…打架as well =too 也take a deep breath 深呼吸communicate with …沟通，交流one another = each other 互相air pollution 空气污染noise pollution 噪音污染壤污染water pollution 水污染soil pollution土壤污染be known as = be famous for 以…而出名release A into B 将A释放到B中take A from B 从B中取出A of course = certainly 当然join …… together 把…联结起来（be）in danger 出于危险中warn sb about sth 警告某人某事warn sb not to do sth 警告某人不要做某事protect … by (doing ) sth 用（某种方式）保护protect…from （doing）sth 保护…免受…重要句型1.The trees make streets more beautiful and less noisy.树使街道变得更美更安静。
沪教版八年级下英语教材第1单元Helping those in need总结
单词默写1.增加；提高3. 丧失能力的5. 主劢提出7. 严重的9. 组织；筹备11. 痛苦；苦恼2.准许；批准4.青少年6.受苦；受折磨8.（某种）病表达；表露孤独的；寂寞的困难；费劲平静；宁静勇气；勇敢付费10.12.14.16.18.20.友情；友谊13.15.愉快；喜悦17. （使）疼痛；受伤19. 情绪21. 社区短语默写1. 需要帮劣的3. 报请批准5. 使振奋2.义务性工作4. 因…受苦；受折磨6. 目的在于；为了Helping those in needDictation---牛津版八年级下Module 1 Unit 1adj. 志愿的；自发的n. 志愿行动拓展：volunteer n. 志愿者Words and phrasesadj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的+ able +ed【否定前缀】【能够…的】【形容词后缀】常用词组：the disabled 残疾人Disabled Only 残疾人专用Disabled Ramp 残疾人坡道拓展：disable v. 使…残疾able adj. 能够的有些以-ble 结尾的形容词，转变成名词时，名词后缀为-bility,124. suffer5. illnessabilityn. 能力 如：responsible (adj.负责任的)---responsibility (n. 责任)raising; raised; raised① v. 筹集例：We have raised a five-thousand-pound fund for the Red Cross. 我们为红十字会筹集了一笔五千镑的资金。
② v. 增加；提高 例：All the students raised their hands. 所有的学生都丼起手来。
课本词组：raise one’s spirits 使…振奋；使鼓起勇气常考近义词：raiseVS rise(rising; rose; risen)●raise [re ɪz]; 为及物劢词，强调外力将某物抬起戒抬高 ●rise [ra ɪz]; 为丌及物劢词，强调某物依靠自身力量升起 例：Milton raised the glass to his lips.米尔顿丼起杯子放到嘴唇边。
牛津沪教版英语八年级下 Unit1-Unit2语法知识点整合
A .don't make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. I'd rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing so21. Robert is said to __________ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying22. I'm gong to Xi'an next week. Have you anything __________ to your parents?A. to takeB. to be takenC. to be bought toD. to buy23. when are they __________ in their plan?A. handB. handedC. to handD. give24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____________.A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would survivedD. will survive25. When we hurried to the station, there happened ________ no bus at that time.A. to haveB. to beC. havingD. being26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________ matters worse, it began to rain.A. madeB. having madeC. makingD. to make27. At ________ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _________a good rest.A. no, to takeB. no, takingC. any, to takeD. one, taking28. --Are you a student? --No, but I used _________.A. to beB. to wasC. to doD. to be a29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _________ himself _________ in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shutB. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shutD. to have enjoyed, having shut30. With a lot of difficult problems _________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled31. We're leaving at six o'clock, and hope _________ most of the journey by lunch time.A. to doB. to have doneC. to makeD. to have made32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _________.A. understoodB. to be understoodC. to understandD. understand33. Who will you get __________ the project for us?A. designB. to designC. designedD. designing34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know __________.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it35. We are not allowed __________ outdoors with some other children.A. playingB. to be playingC. to playD. be playing36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _________ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavyB. too much heavyC. heavy too muchD. too heavy much37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role __________in making the earth a better place to live in.A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _________.A. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _________ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told11 / 11。
沪教牛津八年级英语Unit1
八年级英语（沪教牛津）下Unit1知识点复习（一）V ocabularyefuln.+ful adj.eg.n.+less adj.eg.2.painterv.+er/orv.+er/or v.+ress3.cook n./v.cooker n.4.look uplook up the dictionary look it up相关词组look around look out look like look the same look forward to +doing 5.be born in+地点be born in/on+时间6.showShow sth to sb=show sb sth 展示，出示Show great interest in 流露（感情）Show the way to sb 告诉，指点7.include v.including prep8.more thanless than拓展no more than=only 仅仅，不过not more than不多于，不超过9.as +adj.adv+asnot as/so+adj.adv.+as10.even +adj./adv比较级甚至11.however but(although) 的区别12.out of 从……出来，在……之外rush out of look out of jump out of take out of 13.at the end ofin the end=at last=finally14.help sb(to)do sthhelp sb with sthhelp oneself tocan’t help doing15.adj+n.something/anything/nothing+adj. 16.remember to doremember doing17.some……others……one……the other……another18.there be句型就近原则There be sb doing sth19.above —belowon —beneathover —under20.被动语态sb/sth be +v.过去分词+(by sb/sth) Many people speak English.21.make sb do sth)sb. be made to do sth22.a number ofthe number of23.It be +adj.+(for/of sb) to do sth练习1.Listening is just as___________as speaking in language learning.A importantB more importantC most importantD the most important2. Do you have ________to say for travel?A else anythingB anything elseC else somethingD something else3. _____birds died because of pollution.(污染）A Two millionB Millions ofC Million ofD Two million4、There_________still some milk in the fridge. You don’t need to go the store today.A amB isC areD be5、What a fine day! Let’s go _______ a walk.A forB atC outD in6、The poor old man _____________a week ago.A deadB deathC diesD died7、Don’t look ________the windows in class; we must listen to the teacher careful.A out ofB outC intoD up8、The PLA man saved three_______lives in the accident.A children’sB childrenC childD childs’9、--Do you have ____pencils? --No. I have ______pens.A some anyB any; someC some; someD any;any10、Nobody___________teaches me English. I have to learn it by myself.A teachB teachesC teachingD to teach完形填空Dickens, one of the greatest English writers, was born in __16____of the small towns in England. When Dickens was nine years old, the family moved to London, the ____17__of England. There were several younger children in the __18_____. Their life was ___19____. So Dickens could not go to school. He didn’t go to __20___until his father came out of prison(监狱）. At that time he was already twelve years old.But he did not finish school. Two years __21____, he began to work. He often went to the library to __22___books. He read a lot. Then Dickens wrote lots of novels(小说）and stories all his __23__.Dickens__24__ over a hundred years ago. ___25___people are still reading his books with great interest.16 A any B one C some D a 21 A ago B before C later D since17 A city B town C capital D country 22 A see B buy C sell D read18 A school B class C city D family 23 A money B home C class D life19 A good B hard C easy D wonderful 24 A won B drew C read D died20 A school B a school C the school D schools 25 ABut B So C Why D While。
沪教牛津 初中 英语 八年级下册(八下)
country/ˈkʌntri/n. 国家；农村，乡下very/ˈveri/ad. 很，非常before/bɪˈfɔ:(r)/prep.在…以前；在…前面◎ad. 以前◎conj. 在…之前cent/sent/ n. 美分（100cents=1dollar)tell/tel/vt. (told,told)告诉；讲述；吩咐about/əˈbaʊt/ad. 大约；到处；四处◎prep. 关于；在各处；四处seven/ˈsevn/num. 七do/du:, də/v.&aux. (did,done)don't=do not 做，干（用以构成疑问句及否定句。
第三人称单数现在时用 does）不做，不干three/θri:/num. 三spring/sprɪŋ/n. 春天，春季◎n. 泉水，泉wish/wɪʃ/n. 愿望，祝愿◎vt. 希望，想要，祝愿that/ðæt/pron. 那，那个◎conj. 那，那个（引导宾语从句等）◎ad. 那么，那样mother/ˈmʌðə(r)/n. 母亲school/sku:l/n. 学校me/mi:/pron. 我（宾格）from/frɑ:m; frɒm/ prep. 从；从…起；距；来自eighty/ˈeɪti/num. 八十because/bɪˈkɔ:z; bɪˈkɒz/conj. 因为has/hæs; həz/v. 动词 have 的第三人称单数现在式housework/ˈhaʊswɜ:(r)k/n. 家务劳动write/raɪt/v. (wrote,written)书写；写作，著述you/ju:/pron. 你；你们read/ri:d/ v. (read,read)读；朗读in/ɪn/prep. 在…里(内)；在…；以…◎ad. 在家，在内，向内work/wɜ:(r)k/n. 工作，劳动，事情◎vi. 工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动want/wɑ:nt; wɒnt/ vt. 想，想要；需要，必要this/ðɪs/a.&pron. 这，这个is/ɪz/v.是them/ðem； ðəm/pron. 他/她/它们（宾格）it/ɪt/pron. 它then/ðen/ ad. 当时，那时；然后；那么(通常用于句首或句尾)my/maɪ/pron. 我的girl/gɜ:(r)l/ n. 女孩as/æz ; əz/ conj. 像…一样；如同；因为◎prep. 作为，当做at/æt/prep. 在（几点钟）；在（某处）million/ˈmɪljən/ num. 百万◎n. 百万个（人或物）success/səkˈses/n. 成功name/neɪm/n. 名字，姓名，名称◎vt. 命名，名叫since/sɪns/ad. 从那时以来◎conj. 从…以来，…以后，由于◎prep. 从…以来here/hɪə(r)/ad. 这里，在这里；向这里沪教牛津八下Unit1 More practice单词：other/ˈʌðə(r)/pron. 别人，别的东西◎a. 别的，另外的for/fɔ:(r); fə(r)/prep. 为了…；向…，往…；与…交换；防备…；适合…；因为…；在…期间；对于…；对…来说◎conj. 因为，由于I/aɪ/pron. 我life/laɪf/n. (复lives)生命；生涯；生活；人生；生物lot/lɑ:t; lɒt/n. 许多，好些how/haʊ/ad. 怎样，如何；多少；多么teacher/ˈti:ʧə(r)/n. 教师，教员are/ɑ:(r); ə(r)/v.是China/ ˈʧaɪnə/n. 中国and/ænd； ənd/conj. 和；又；而of/ɒv; əv/prep. (表示所属,数量,其中)…的now/naʊ/ad. 现在class/klɑ:s/,/klæs/n. （学校里的）班；年级；课a/ə; eɪ/art. 一（个、件…）one/wʌn/pron. 一（个，只…）◎num. 一start/stɑ:(r)t/v. 开始，着手；出发go/gəʊ/ vi. (went,gone)去；走；驶；通到；到达◎n. 尝试also/ˈɔ:lsəʊ/ad. 也（做某事）room/ru:m/n. 房间，室；空间；地方many/ˈmeni/ pron. (比较级more,最高级most)许多人（或物）◎a. 许多的way/weɪ/n. 路，路线；方式，手段stay/steɪ/n.&vi. 停留，逗留，呆home/həʊm/n. 家◎ad. 到家；回家the/ði:; ðə/art. 这（那）个，这（那）些（用于特定人或物，序数词,最高级，专有名词，世上独一无二事物前）special/ˈspeʃəl/a. 特别的，专门的help/help/n.&vt. 帮助，帮忙with/wɪð,wɪθ/prep. 关于；带有；以；和；用；有paid/peɪ/v. (paid,paid)付钱，给…报酬◎n. 工资thing/θɪŋ/n. 东西；(复)物品，用品；事情，事件to/tu: ； tə/prep. （动词不定式符号，无词义）；（表示接受动作的人或物）给；对，向，到；在…之前age/eɪdʒ/n. 年龄；时代return/rɪˈtɜ:(r)n/ v. 归还，回，归first/fɜ:(r)st/num. 第一◎a.&ad. 第一；首次；最初◎n. 开始；开端文章：1. Success for Spring Buds2. My name is Feng Guixiang.3. I want to tell you about the China Children and Teenagers' Fund (CCTF) and how it helped me.4. One of the CCTF's special activities is the Spring Bud Project.5. In 1989, 4.8 million children in the country, aged from seven to fourteen, were unable to attend school.6. Eighty-three per cent of them were girls.7. Because of this, the CCTF launched the Spring Bud Project to help them.8. Since then, the project has helped millions of girls return to school.9. It has also built a lot of schools.10. The very first Spring Bud class was here in Guangxi in 1989.parent /ˈperənt; ˈpeərənt/ n. 父(母)，双亲very /ˈveri/ ad. 很，非常bring /brɪŋ/ vt. (brought,brought)拿来，带来，取来paint /peɪnt/ n. 油漆◎vt. 油漆，粉刷，绘画during /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/,/ˈdʊrɪŋ/ prep. 在…期间；在…过程中three /θri:/ num. 三without /wɪˈðaʊt/ prep. 没有leg /leg/ n. 腿；腿脚；支柱offer /ˈɒfə/,/ˈɑ:fər/ n. 提供；建议these /ði:z/ a.&pron. 这些music /ˈmju:zɪk/ n. 音乐，乐曲her /hɜ:(r)/ pron. 她(宾格),她的friend /frend/ n. 朋友near /nɪə(r)/ a.近的◎ad. 附近，邻近◎prep. 在…附近，靠近because /bɪˈkɔ:z; bɪˈkɒz/ conj. 因为lonely /ˈləʊnli/ a. 孤独的，寂寞的write /raɪt/ v. (wrote,written)书写；写作，著述they /ðeɪ/ pron. 他（她）们；它们；人们in /ɪn/ prep. 在…里(内)；在…；以…◎ad. 在家，在内，向内work /wɜ:(r)k/ n. 工作，劳动，事情◎vi. 工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动want /wɑ:nt; wɒnt/ vt. 想，想要；需要，必要understand /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstænd/ v.(understood,understood)懂得；明白；理解them /ðem ； ðəm/ pron. 他/她/它们（宾格）is /ɪz/ v.是it /ɪt/ pron. 它hurt /hɜ:(r)t/ vt. (hurt,hurt)伤害，受伤；伤人感情I /aɪ/ pron. 我accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 事故，意外的事lot /lɑ:t; lɒt/ n. 许多，好些are /ɑ:(r); ə(r)/ v.是have /hæv; həv/ vt. (had,had)有；吃；喝；进行；经受disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ a. 残废的，残疾的illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病a /ə; eɪ/ art. 一（个、件…）one /wʌn/ pron. 一（个，只…）◎num. 一spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神photo /ˈfəʊtəʊ/ n. =photograph 照片many /ˈmeni/ pron. (比较级more,最高级most)许多人（或物）◎a. 许多的picture /ˈpɪktʃə(r)/ n. 图片，画片，照片the /ði:; ðə/ art. 这（那）个，这（那）些（用于特定人或物，序数词,最高级，专有名词，世上独一无二事物前）11. The Spring Bud Project paid for me to attend that class.12. It also rented a room close to the school for me.13. Before the project started, I stayed at home and helped my mother with the housework.14. Going to school changed my life.15. I learnt to read and write and do many other things.16. Now I work as a teacher at a Spring Bud school here in Guangxi.17. I wish to help other girls the way the Spring Bud Project helped me.Unit1 Reading 单词：call/kɔ:l/n. 喊，叫；电话，通话◎v. 称呼；呼唤；喊，叫help/help/n.&vt. 帮助，帮忙meet/mi:t/vt. (met,met)遇见，见到◎n. 会；集会to/tu: ； tə/prep. （动词不定式符号，无词义）；（表示接受动作的人或物）给；对，向，到；在…之前story/ˈstɔ:ri/n. 故事，小说but/bʌt; bət/conj. 但是，可是◎prep. 除了，除…外use/ju:z/vt. 利用，使用，应用tell/tel/vt. (told,told)告诉；讲述；吩咐do/du:, də/v.&aux. (did,done)don't=do not 做，干（用以构成疑问句及否定句。
沪教牛津版八年级下Unit1-讲解解析
沪教牛津版八年级下Unit1讲解一、重点词汇讲解1.raise v.筹集；提升；增加第三人称单数：raises过去式：raised过去分词：raised现在分词：raising搭配：raise money筹款；raise money for…为……筹款raise one’s voice提高嗓门；例如：They raised money for homeless people. raise price提高价格；raise one’s spirits打起精神raise=keep有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：raise cattle=keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children（抚养孩子）辨析：raise,rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别(1)这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。
例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth.太阳升起，普照大地。
Bath n.沐浴，浴室bathe v.沐浴，洗，（光线）充满(2)raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。
例如：The price of TV sets has been raised recently.最近电视机提价了。
（政府或厂家主动行动）The price of TV sets has risen recently.最近电视机提价了。
（市场调节）2.permission n.=agreement准许；批准搭配：Ask permission报请批准Write a letter to the head teacher to to raise money.给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。
同根词：permit v.=allow you to do it许可，准许；默许The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.知识拓展：(1)表示请求某人允许自己做某事，通常与动词ask,ask for,request连用。
新版沪教版英语八年级下册unit1
八年级下册unit1 Helping those in need复习Unit1 Language pointsI. Key Words1. raise v. 筹募；增加【用法】raise 是一个及物动词，后可直接加宾语。
如：raise the national flag；raise money； raise one’s spirits 意为“使振奋，使鼓起勇气”如：A powerful song can raise one’s spirits.时态变化：raise-raised-raised 例：Raise your hands.The worker demand the manager to raise their salary.工人们要求加薪水。
【拓展】rise 是不及物动词,表示“升起”，例：The sun is rising.时态变化：rise--rose--risen【例句】翻译：1. 我们如何才能在短期内提高英语水平？____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我想养只狗当宠物。
____________________________________________________________________________2. disabled. adj. 丧失能力的【用法】disabled可以作为形容词；也可以作为动词（ disable的过去式和过去分词)，意为：使残废；使伤残；使无效【拓展】我们常用the disabled表示“残疾人”,相当于disabled people.【例句】He became severely d___________ after the big fire.3. offer v. 主动提出【用法】offer后面加不定式，offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事如：On his mum’s birthday, little Tom offered to do the dishes.【拓展】offer 还可以表示“主动拿给；主动给与”的意思，相当于give，后面可接名词作宾语。
牛津上海版八年级第二学期英语Unit1 Grammar课件(PPT28张)
Verbs
Changes
Examples
• ending in one -e
• one-syllable verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant
• multi-syllable verbs with the stress on the final syllable
Peter is talking to his friend Kitty on the phone.
When is your family flying to Beijing?
Saturday morning. I’m really excited! We’re leaving at ten o’clock.
(smile)
Sam Why is your case so heavy? Lynn It __c_o_n_t_a_in_s___ a lot of books.
(contain)
You will see some pictures and sentences in the following pages. Read the sentences and scan the pictures and then answer the questions.
Mary I __th__in_k__ that she _m__e_a_n_s_ ‘Be quiet!’ (think, mean)
Lynn Look! She ____is__s_m_i_li_n_g_____. (smile) Mary Yes, she ___s_m__il_e_s___ all the time.
describing a picture: _________________________________________________
八年级沪教版牛津版英语下册第1单元词汇和语法详解
Unit 1 Helping those in need单词raise v. 筹募，增加，提高She raises money for the disabled people.He asked the boss raise his salaries.permission n. 准许，批准They entered the area without permission.permit是其动词形式，常见搭配为permit sb to do sth，意为允许某人做某事。
Permit me to explain.teenager n. 青少年The teenager ran away after being punished.offer v. 主动提出He offered to do voluntary work[拓展]offer意为“主动提出”时，后接动词不定式to+do；offer还可作“提供，供应”解，常用短语有offer sb sth或offer sth to sb.They offered us some money.suffer v. (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨The children suffered from serious illness.serious adj. 严重的；严肃的、庄重的That could cause serious injuryPlease be serious for a minute, this is very importantillness n. （某种）病He stayed home for a day because of a slight illness.organize v. 组织，筹备We organized a painting competition for them.express v. 表达，表露。
He could not express his feelings of sadness to his mother. 他不能向母亲表露出内心的悲痛.pain n. (精神上的)痛苦，苦恼；（肉体上的）疼痛, 疼痛He felt a sharp pain in his knee.他感到膝盖一阵剧痛。
沪教牛津版初二下册英语知识点总结全册含习题和答案
沪教牛津版初二下册英语知识点总结全册含习题和答案本文档为初二下册英语知识点总结，旨在帮助学生巩固所学的知识。
以下是全册的知识点总结和题及答案。
单元一：School Life- 主要知识点：学校设施、学校日常活动- 题：1. What facilities does your school have?（答案根据实际情况）2. Describe a typical school day.（答案根据个人经历）单元二：Family Time- 主要知识点：家庭成员、家庭活动- 题：1. How many people are there in your family?（答案根据实际情况）2. Describe a family activity that you enjoy.（答案根据个人经历）单元三：Hobbies and Interests- 主要知识点：爱好和兴趣、表达喜欢与不喜欢- 题：1. What is your favorite hobby? Why?（个人回答）2. List three things you like and three things you don't like.（个人回答）单元四：Healthy Living- 主要知识点：健康生活方式、饮食和运动- 题：1. What do you do to stay healthy?（个人回答）2. Describe a healthy meal.（个人回答）单元五：Travel and Adventure- 主要知识点：旅行和冒险、地理和文化知识- 题：1. Describe a place you would like to visit and why.（个人回答）2. What is a famous landmark in your country?（个人回答）单元六：Technology and Innovation- 主要知识点：科技和创新、数字产品和服务- 题：1. How has technology changed your life?（个人回答）2. What is your favorite digital device or service?（个人回答）- 主要知识点：语言和交流、不同国家和文化的语言- 题：1. How many languages can you speak?（个人回答）2. List three words in a language other than English.（个人回答）单元八：Entertainment and Media- 主要知识点：娱乐和媒体、影视作品和音乐- 题：1. What is your favorite movie or TV show? Why?（个人回答）2. Describe a song or piece of music you like.（个人回答）以上是沪教牛津版初二下册英语的知识点总结和题及答案。
新牛津上海版八年级英语下册单元词汇讲解(全册 共22页)
新牛津上海版八年级英语下册单元词汇讲解（全册共22页）目录Unit 1 Pollution FightersUnit 2 WaterUnit3ElectricityUnit4NewspapersUnit5Magazine ArticlesUnit6TravelUnit7Poems8B Unit 1 Trees1. pollute (v.) pollution (n.)*Pollution has become one of the most serious problems of today’s society.*The factories aren’t allowed to let out dirty water for it may pollute the river.*Trees are thought as pollution fighters.2. f ight(v. n.)争斗，斗争` fight (against) sb / sthfighter (n.) 斗士3. scientist (n.)科学家science ( n.)科学4. collect (v.)收集collection (n.) 收藏品*He used to collect stamps when he was a young boy.*The dustmen collect the rubbish once a day.*My father usually collects me after school5. She is interviewing Doctor Ray.interview (v. n) interviewer (n.) interviewee (n.)trainer---trainee. / emplover----employee6. interest*He is telling a story to the children which interests them a lot.*Tom takes great interest in stamps collection.interested (a.) *be interested in +n./doing sth7 .live (v.) 生活直播的(a.) a live football matchalive (adj.) living (adj.)lively (adj.) life (n..)*When the boy was found at last .he was still alive.*We must leart a living language not adead one.*The young are usually lively and active.8. on the earth = in the world当earth作为地球时. 前加“the” space前不加“the”9. good. 文中为n. 用处= use*I am only telling you this for your own good.*What good is it repainting if you are thinking of moving？10. make…. + adj.make us healthy / make it lighter.make…. + n.. We all made Mary our monitor.班长make….+ do sth . make me finish it in an hour.11. else 通常位于疑问词what/ where/ who等或nothing/ nobody/ no one/ something/ anything 等不定代词之后*What else did he say?*Do you want anything else, sir? -----Thanks nothing else.12.woods (n..) a piece of wood woods =forestwooden (a..) a wooden table13. in the end = finally =at last at the end of +time /place14.1) suppose (that) + a sentence*Scientists suppose that large dinosaurs lived in swamps .2）breathe (v. )呼吸be out of breath 气喘吁吁take a deep breath 做一次深呼吸15. thank (sb.)…for+n./doing sth*Thank for your help*Thank you for lending me your notebookthankful(a.)感激的be thankful to sb. for sth.16. produce(v.)production (n.) 生产过程the production of carsproduct (n.) 产品well-made products cost more 制作精美的产品比一般贵17. enough oxygen/time/money…enough + n. (+to do …)adj. +enough (+to do…)18 .keep sb/sth +adj. 保持…处于某种状态keep the door openI’m sorry to keep you waiting for so longkeep sb/sth +doing让..一直做某事19. Trees not only clean the air but also cool it.Trees cool the air and clean it as well.20. natural (a.)nature (n.)naturally (adv. )21. know / learn /eat a lot . a lot 跟v .后22. begin (v .)begin to do ….= begin doing …beginning (n .) at the beginning of …在。
上海牛津全国版初二下册unit 1helping those in need
⏹授课内容：词汇精讲+语法讲解+周周练套题⏹重点：词汇精讲⏹难点：冠词的运用词汇精讲考点一raise 和rise1、raise是及物动词，主语通常是人，意思是筹集，饲养，提高2、rise是不及物动词，主语通常是物，意思是升起（rise/rosen）考点二provide 和offer1、provide强调提供生活需要用的东西provide sb with sth provide sth for sb2、offer强调主动提供offer sb sth offer sth to sb考点三difficulty1、difficulty 是名词，既可以是可数名词（具体困难事），也可以是不可数名词（抽象的说有困难以及固定搭配），通常考得多的是不可数名词例如：不可数：I had difficulty in getting in touch with him/When you are in difficulty(had difficulty in doing sth 固定搭配)可数：The new government is in financial difficulties.2、difficult 是形容词（要和different 分清楚）考点四permit suffer from1、permit（动词）允许。
2、permission(名词)允许。
ask permission to/ without permission3、suffer from遭受，受折磨考点五organize express pain joy ill1、organize（动词）组织organization（名词）2、express（动词）表达expression（名词）3、pain（名词）疼痛painful痛苦的No pains ,no gains.4、joy（n）=happiness joyful高兴的5、ill生病的illness疾病考点六alone lonely1、alone独自的live alone2、lonely 孤单的（含有感情色彩） a lonely boy feel lonely3、loneliness孤独（n）考点七过去分词做后置定语（提及with/without做后置定语）1、called named I met a girl called Cindy(课文重现)2、A man without beard stole the painting.Fish can’t live without water.考点八there be 句型的就近原则1、there be 的就近原则（注意a lot of以及可数名词不可数名词）2、have 和there be 的区别（将来时）考点九teach 和because1、teach sb to do sth2、because 因为，回答why 的提问（语气很强）例如：want ask tell order wish invite encourage beg decide manage would like be able afford agree determine offeradvise be ready prepare warn●这些词后面通常都省略to,会直接使用do sthlet make help1、It’s +形容词+for sb to do sthIt’s +形容词+of sb to do sthit +形容词+for sb to do sthin the world.A. producingB. to produceC. having producedD. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.at his September. A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be toldC .tellingD .told6. You were silly not _______your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else. A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing 10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_______ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he me ans _______ trouble.( )3. The birds flew to the windows because ________.A. they found the windows cleanB. they fought for more foodC. all they saw was the reflection of the garden.( ) 4. The underlined word “hawk” means in Chinese.countries, have found that a large number of women wished they had born men. The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany.“Women often wish they had the same chances _____1_______men have, and think it is still men’s world,”said Dr. James Helen, one of the sociologists _______2______ did the study. Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to make money to support his family and to make the important decision, so it is right _____3_______ men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children can not _______4______(take) good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they won’t be able to do _____5______they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children.Some women ______6_______(agree). They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom to choose ______7_______ work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances.Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in ---“Women’s Liberation（解放）”. “I don’t wish I were a man,”she says, “and I don’t think many women do. But I do wish people would stop _____8______(treat) us like second-class people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that man do but get paid ______9______(little). There are still a lot of jobs only to men---usually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a _____10________(wonder) life. How many women scientists are there…or engineers ?”括小组自由活动。
上海牛津版八年级下册Unit1 Trees 同步讲义 解析版
上海牛津版八年级下册同步讲义Unit 1 Trees一、词汇Words1. interest n. 兴趣v. 使好奇--- interested adj. 感兴趣的--- interesting adj. 有意思的，引人入胜的某人对（做）某事感兴趣(1) Now he’s grown up he no longer takes any __ interest ____ in his stamp collection.(2) Are you ____ interest _____ in history?2. living adj. 活着的（做定语）n. (U)生活方式alive adj.活着的（做表语）live adj. 有生命的，现场直播v. 生存，活着有生气的，活泼的e.g. living things 活的生物，make a living 谋生，a live broadcast 现场直播，live in England 住在英国lively imagination 生动的想象力，have a lively time 有一段够刺激的经历3. harm n.& v. 伤害，损害--- harmful adj. 有害的---harmless adj. 无害的harmfully adv.有害地--- harmlessly adv.无害地e.g. (1) Pollution causes ____ harm ____ to lakes and beaches.(2) Gossip can __ harm _____ other people.(3) Smoking is____ harm _____ to your health.n. 化学物品--- chemist n. 化学家--- Chemistry n. 化学(1) __ Chemistry __ change 化学变化(2) _____ Chemistry ___ lab 化学实验室(3) The farmers used a ____ chemical ____ to kill the insects in their fields.5. danger n.----safety (opp.)dangerous adj.----safe (opp.)(1) In war a soldier’s life is full of ____ danger ____.(danger/ dangerous/ dangerously)(2) The river is dangerous ____ for bathers. (danger/ dangerous/ dangerously)(3) Are these toys ____safe ___ for small children? (safety/ safe/ safely)(4) ___ Safety _____ First. (safety/ safe/ safely)6. make(1) make=create 制造，生产e.g. They’ve made a film about her life. 他们拍了一部有关她的生活的电影。
上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义unit1
第一讲Unit1 Tree上海牛津沪教版八年级(下)同步讲义Unit1 Tree适用学科初中英语适用年级初中二年级适用区域上海课时时长（分钟）120分钟（一对一）知识点知识点1：本单元词汇知识点2：词组知识点3：句型知识点4：动名词的用法知识点5：不定式的用法知识点6：形容词的比较级与最高级教学目标知识：学生能够基本掌握8年级上册Unit1中的词汇、词组、句型及语法。
方法：牢记各个知识点的用法，归纳总结异同点，通过习题加强巩固。
能力：熟练掌握各种词汇的用法；具备准确判断词性及转换的能力；熟练掌握形容词的比较级与最高级；熟练运用动名词的能力。
教学重点词性转换；形容词副词级别；动名词用法；教学难点不定式的用法教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。
二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。
三、知识讲解1. 知识点一：重点单词1）average [ˈævərɪdʒ]【词性】adj.【词义】平均的【经典例句】Match the living things on the left with the average ages on the right.把左边的生命和右边的平均年龄连线。
2）item [ˈaɪtəm]【词性】n.【词义】一件物品【易混淆点】item 一件物品；项目event 活动项目【经典例句】Which of the following items come from trees?以下哪件物品时来自树？3）product [ˈprɒdʌkt]【词性】n.【词义】产品【易混淆点】product 产品produce 生产【经典例句】This is kind of new product.这是一款新的产品。
沪教牛津版英语八下各单元短语及语法要点
出生时
look for
寻找
between. ..and.
在…和...之间
in memory of
为了纪念...
give birth to
生孩子;产仔
at work
在工作
close to
几乎;接近
a can of
一罐
listen to
听
at the moment
此刻;当时
throw…at...
a lot of
许多,大量
how long
多长(时间)
fall asleep
睡着
more than
多于;超出
right now
立刻,马上
as much as
多达
the way to...
去某地的路
on one’s own
独自
throw. into..
把…扔进
a lot
很,非常
write to
给...写信
因为
write a letter to sb.
给某人写信
since then
从那时起
ask permission
报请批准
pay for
支付
suffer from
因…受苦;受折磨
stay at home
待在家里
take photos of
给…拍照
inone’s free time
在某人的空闲时间
lots of/a lot of
想起;记得
be careful
小心
have a good idea
有个好主意
watch out
沪教牛津版初中英语八下教材短语句型知识点汇总
Unit 1 Helping those in need阅读：读三名学生关于他们的志愿服务工作(voluntary work义务性工作)的报告。
听力：听一个关于筹钱活动的广播节目。
语法：学习如何使用不定式。
口语：学习谈论计划。
谈论你想参加的志愿活动。
写作：给校长写一封信,报请批准筹钱。
A. 短语归纳1. in need 需要帮助的2. voluntary work 志愿服务工作3. talk about 谈论4. write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5. ask permission 报请批准6. give sb. a hand 帮助某人7. suffer from 因…受苦;受折磨8. take photos of: 给…拍照9. lots of/a lot of 许多,大量10. raise one' s spirts 使振奋;使鼓起勇气11. in the future 在将来12. in good health 身体健康13. in bad health 身体不好14. be afraid of 害怕15.so that 以便,为了16. in hospital 生病住院17. make friends with sb. 跟某人交朋友18. bring sth.to sb. 将某物带给某人19. play tennis 打网球20. on Saturday 在周六21. in order to 目的在于,为了22. because of 因为23. since then 从那时起24. pay for 支付25. stay at home 待在家里26. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人27. close to 靠近28. listen for 留心听29. talk to 和……交谈30. use...for. 把…用于……31. give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议32. take part in 参加33. millions ofa 数以百万计的B. 句型归纳1. would like to do sth. 想要做某事2. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事3. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事4. want to do sth. 想做某事5. help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事6. continue to do sth. 继续做某事7. have difficulty(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难8. need to do sth. 需要做某事9. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事10. used to do sth, 过去常常做某事11. how much+ 不可数名词多少12. decide to do sth. 决定做某事13. begin to do sth. 开始做某事14. like to do sth. 喜欢做某事15. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事16. plan to do sth. 计划做某事17. think about doing sth. 考虑做某事18. one of+ 复数名词/代词……之ー19. be unable to do sth. 不能做某事20. learn to do sth. 学习做某事21. wish to do sth. 希望做某事22. hope to do sth. 希望做某事23. make+sb./sth.+ 形容词使某人/某物…24. Thanks for( doing)sh. 因(做)某事而感谢。
初中英语 牛津上海八年级下Unit1知识点复习教案
Choose the words and complete the passage.( ) 1. A. place B. surface C. area D. ocean( ) 2. A. important B. interesting C. impossible D. intelligent( ) 3. A. meet B. see C. look D. notice( ) 4. A. workers B. doctors C. scientists D. teachers( ) 5. A. many B. enough C. little D. plenty【keys】Ⅰ.1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. CⅡ. 1. Is; sunbathing 2. aren't they 3. How; canⅢ. A. 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. TB. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B强化练习I. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1.The harmful _________ (gas) in the air make us unhealthy.2.Insects can change the colours of their skins to protect ________ (they).3.Do you believe that some __________ (live) things exist on other planets?4.The farmers used a _________ (chemistry) to kill the insects on the crops.5.Don't make a _________ (noisy)!My daughter is sleeping in the room.II. Choose the right word to complete the sentence.1.The story was so ___________ (interesting / interested) that I laughed many times.2.There are different kinds of pollution on the earth, ___________ ( such as / for example) air pollution, waterpollutionand noise pollution.3. Mr. Smith wants to know ____________ (a little / a few) about Sam, the new student in his class.4. I have got ___________ (enough food / food enough), so we don't need to buy any more.Ⅲ. Read and choose the best answer.( )1. What Sam said and did made me_________ .A. angryB. angrilyC. angerD. happily( )2. Thank you for _________ m e to dinner with you last Saturday.A. inviteB. to inviteC. invitingD. invited( )3. Mr. Black ________ his children not to play with fire.A. letB. toldC. warnedD. supposed( )4. There is sugar in my milk. It tastes _______ .A. sweetB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. well( )5. Sammy can't speak Japanese well. I can't speak Japanese well, ________ .A. tooB. eitherC. as wellD. alsoIV. Rewrite the sentences as required.1. The officers had a discussion after the meeting. (改为否定句)The officers a discussion after the meeting.2. I hardly have time to watch TV at weekends. (改为反意疑问句)I hardly have time to watch TV at weekends, ?3. I want to know how trees talk with each other. (保持原句意思)I want to know how trees talk with .V. Reading comprehension.Mr. Wilson, an old man, lived in an apartment by himself. He often went to bed early and got up early. One day, a young man called Bob moved in and lived on the third floor, right above his apartment. Bob studied in the daytime and worked at night. He usually came home very late. Every night when he took off his shoes, he threw them on the floor loudly. Mr. Wilson could not sleep well and became sick. One morning Mr. Wilson went up to Bob and asked him not to make so much noise when he put down the shoes.That night when Bob got home, he was very tired. He sat down, took off one shoe, and threw it on the floor as loudly as he did before. He suddenly remembered Mr. Wilson's words, so he put down the other shoe quietly. The next morning he met Mr. Wilson and asked him, "Did you have a nice sleep last night?" "No, I didn't sleep all night, because I was waiting for the sound of the second shoe, after you threw down the first one loudly."Answer the following questions.( ) 1. Mr. Wilson lived on the floor.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. top( )2. Mr. Wilson became sick because .A. he couldn't sleep wellB. he lived aloneC. he got up too earlyD. there was too much noise outside in the street( )3. Mr. Wilson went up to Bob and asked him .A. came home earlierB. not to take off his shoesC. to put down his shoes quietlyD. not to work too late( )4. Bob still threw down a shoe loudly that night because .A. Mr. Wilson's words made him angryB. he didn't like the old manC. he forgot Mr. Wilson's wordsD. he didn't take off his shoes carefully( )5. Mr. Wilson didn't sleep well again that night because .A. he was angry with BobB. he regretted the words said to BobC. he went to bed too lateD. he was waiting for one more sound of the shoe【keys】I. 1. gases 2. themselves 3. living 4. chemical 5. noiseII. I. interesting 2. such as 3. a little 4. enough foodⅢ. 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.BIV. 1. didn't have 2. do I 3. one anotherV. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D。
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Unit 1 Helping those in need单词raise v. 筹募，增加，提高She raises money for the disabled people.He asked the boss raise his salaries.permission n. 准许，批准They entered the area without permission.permit是其动词形式，常见搭配为permit sb to do sth，意为允许某人做某事。
Permit me to explain.teenager n. 青少年The teenager ran away after being punished.offer v. 主动提出He offered to do voluntary work[拓展]offer意为“主动提出”时，后接动词不定式to+do；offer还可作“提供，供应”解，常用短语有offer sb sth或offer sth to sb.They offered us some money.suffer v. (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨The children suffered from serious illness.serious adj. 严重的；严肃的、庄重的That could cause serious injuryPlease be serious for a minute, this is very importantillness n. （某种）病He stayed home for a day because of a slight illness.organize v. 组织，筹备We organized a painting competition for them.express v. 表达，表露。
He could not express his feelings of sadness to his mother. 他不能向母亲表露出内心的悲痛.pain n. (精神上的)痛苦，苦恼；（肉体上的）疼痛, 疼痛He felt a sharp pain in his knee.他感到膝盖一阵剧痛。
(肉体上)I never meant to cause her pain.我从没有让她痛苦之意。
（精神上）lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的I live all alone but I never feel lonely. 我虽孑然一身, 但从不感孤寂。
lonely与alone的区别：a.lonely只用作形容词，在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思，强调内心孤独，带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义I'm a lonely man.b.alone 形容词,副词，意为“独自的（地）、单独的（地）”，指客观情况（独自一人，没有同伴或助手）I am alone at home.（作形容词作表语）I like to work alone. （作副词修饰work）friendship n. 友谊，友情At school she formed a close friendship with several other girls.difficulty n. 困难；费劲The country is facing great economic difficulties.joy n. 愉快，喜悦To his great joy, she accepted. peace n. 平静，宁静She lay back and enjoyed the peace of the summer evening.hurt v. （使）疼痛；受伤He hurt his back in an accident.My feet hurt. 我脚疼。
[拓展]hurt还可用作名词，意为“（精神上的）痛苦，创伤”The experience left me with a feeling of deep hurt.courage n. 勇气She didn't have the courage to refuse.siprits n. 情绪，心境to be in high/low spirits 情绪高/ 低You must try and keep your spirits up.pay v. 付费pay (sb) (for sth) 支付……费用；I'll pay for the tickets. 我来买票Her parents paid for her to go to Canada.pay (in) cash 用现金支付You'd get a discount for paying cash.pay by cheque/credit card 用支票/信用卡支付Can I pay by credit cardcommunity n. 社区He's well liked by people in the community.in need 需要帮助的We are collecting money for families in need.常见的用法还有in need+of sth，意为“需要……”。
I was all right but in need of rest.write a letter to sb 给某人写信You can write a letter to him[拓展]receive a letter from sb.或hear from sb. 收到某人的来信。
I received a letter from my friend yesterday= I heard from my friend yesterday.ask permission 请求批准。
permission为不可数名词，意为“批准，准许”。
You must ask permission if you want to leave early.They took away the books without permission.Could you do sth? 你能做某事吗？用于委婉地请求别人做某事，有时候在you后面加please。
Could you please close the door?Yes, sure.[拓展]表示委婉请求的句型还有“Would/Will you please (not) do sth”Would you please (not) feed the dog?give sb. a hand 意为“帮助某人”，相当于help sb.Come on! Let me give you a handthe disabled people 表示有残疾的一类人，意为“残疾人”。
(P2)The businessman always tries his best to help the disabled.talk to 和……交谈，后面接表示人的名词或代词，相当于talk with。
talk about意为谈论某事。
I want to talk to my mother.Today we are going to talk about travelling.without 介词，意为“没有；不”，后面常接名词，人称代词宾格或动词-ing形式，在句子中作定语或状语。
其反义词为with，意为“有”，用法与without相同。
There are many families without childrenHe left the classroom without saying a word.I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.辨析offer与provideoffer 意为“主动提供”；愿意给予，常用offer sb. sth. 或offer sth. to sb.provide 意为“供给；提供；准备”常用provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.I offer Cindy a gift=I offered a gift to Cindy.They provided Cindy with all the books=They provided all books for Cindy.suffer from sth. 意为“因某事受苦，受某事的折磨”，后面常表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿，悲伤等词。
His child is suffering from a bad cold.This country often suffers from floods.take photos of 意为“给……拍照”，相当于take pictures/photographs of，也可用take a photo/picture/photograph of表示相同含义。
而take photos意为“拍照”。
Let’s take a photo/picture of the park.Tony enjoys taking photos.express oneself 意为“表达自己的意思、思想、感情”等。
（p3）You can express yourself freely.[拓展]express的名词形式为expression，意为“表达，表情”。
an expression of surprise.continue to 意为“继续做某事”，continue后面可接动名词，同样表示“继续做某事”，They continue to have a partyMike continued reading the book.[拓展]continue作不及物动词，意为“继续；连续，延伸”。
The snow continued for two days.continue with sth. 继续（做）某事。
You can continue with your work.have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难。
difficulty可以用problems或trouble来代替。
I had some difficulty (in) working out the maths problems.have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事He does not have the courage to give up his idea.in good health 身体健康，相当healthy，常用作表语。