PGA高三期末
2025届重庆西南大学附中生物高三第一学期期末复习检测试题含解析
2025届重庆西南大学附中生物高三第一学期期末复习检测试题注意事项1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答;第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3.考试结束后,考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上,待监考员收回。
一、选择题:(共6小题,每小题6分,共36分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求)1.油菜素甾醇(BR)是一种能促进植物茎秆伸长和细胞分裂的植物激素,下图为BR合成的调控机制。
下列描述不正确的是()A.油菜素甾醇和生长素协同促进植物茎秆伸长B.BR浓度升高时,会使BZR1的降解速度加快C.胞内BR的合成速度受胞外BR的反馈调节D.BR调控基因发生突变可能导致植物矮化2.某研究小组进行某植物的栽培试验,图1表示在适宜的光照、CO2浓度等条件下测得的光合曲线和黑暗条件下的呼吸曲线;图2为在恒温密闭玻璃温室中,连续24h测定的温室内CO2浓度以及植物CO2吸收速率的变化曲线。
据图分析,下列说法中错误的是A.图1中,当温度达到55℃时,植物光合作用相关的酶失活B.6h时,图2叶肉细胞产生[H]的场所有叶绿体、线粒体和细胞质基质等C.18h时,图2叶肉细胞中叶绿体产生的O2量大于线粒体消耗的O2量D.该植株在进行光合作用且吸收CO2的量为0时,在两图中的描述点共有4个3.下图为膝跳反射示意图,以下叙述不正确...的是A.完成该反射活动的反射弧由三个神经元构成B.兴奋在传入神经纤维上以电信号的形式传导C.反射过程中兴奋在神经纤维上的传导是单向的D.神经支配伸肌收缩和屈肌舒张协调完成膝跳反射4.下图表示酵母菌培养过程中其数量的变化情况,下列分析正确的是()A.酵母菌达到的最大值与起始数量有直接关系B.ab段酵母菌数量下降可能是营养不足或pH下降导致的C.若bc段过滤掉培养液中的有害物质并增加营养,酵母菌数量将持续增加D.cd段酵母菌的数量基本不变,说明在这个阶段酵母菌不进行繁殖5.下列有关SARS病毒的叙述,错误的是()A.营寄生生活,进入人体会诱发细胞免疫和体液免疫B.子代病毒的蛋白质是在自身遗传物质指导下合成的C.其基因是有遗传效应的DNA片断D.可通过五碳糖种类来判断该病毒的核酸种类6.同位素标记法是进行生物学研究的一项重要技术,下列有关叙述正确的是()A.可用3H标记亮氨酸来研究性激素的合成与分泌过程B.可用32P标记的胰岛素基因作探针来检测细胞中的胰岛素基因是否进行了转录C.用14C标记CO2来研究暗反应中碳的转移途径为:14CO2→14C5→14C3→14C6H12O6 D.在研究DNA复制方式时只运用了同位素标记法二、综合题:本大题共4小题7.(9分)回答下列(一)、(二)小题。
上海市浦江高级中学高三数学理下学期期末试题含解析
上海市浦江高级中学高三数学理下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有是一个符合题目要求的1. 三个数60.7,0.76,log0.76的大小顺序是A.0.76<log0.76<60.7B.0.76<60.7<log0.76C.log0.76<60.7<0.76D.参考答案:D,,,所以,选D.2. 已知函数的定义域为,则函数的定义域为()(A) (B) (C) (D)参考答案:B略3. 若直线x=被曲线C:(x-arcsin a)(x-arccos a)+(y-arcsin a)(y+arccos a)=0所截的弦长为d,当a变化时d的最小值是( )(A) (B) (C) (D)π参考答案:C 解:曲线C表示以(arcsin a,arcsin a),(arccos a,-arccos a)为直径端点的圆.即以(α,α)及(-α,-+α)(α∈[-,])为直径端点的圆.而x=与圆交于圆的直径.故d=≥.4. 若焦点在轴上的椭圆()的离心率.则实数m的取值范围为()A.B.(3,4) C. D.(0,3)参考答案:D由题意可得:,结合椭圆离心率的范围可知:,即,求解不等式可得:,即实数m的取值范围为(0,3).本题选择D选项.5. 已知i是虚数单位,则等于( )A.1+2i B.1﹣2i C.﹣1+2i D.﹣1﹣2i参考答案:D考点:复数代数形式的乘除运算.专题:数系的扩充和复数.分析:根据复数的基本运算进行化简即可.解答:解:=,故选:D.点评:本题主要考查复数的计算,比较基础.6. 某校在一年一度的“校园十佳歌手”比赛中,9位评委为参赛选手A 给出的分数的茎 叶图如图所示.在去掉一个最高分和一个最低分后,得出选手A 得分的中位数是(A)93 (B)92(C)91 (D) 90参考答案: B 略7. 已知函数,若正实数a ,b 满足,则的最小值为A.1B.C.9D.18参考答案:A 8. 设是两条不同的直线,是两个不同的平面,则下列命题中正确的是 (A )若且,则 (B )若且,则 (C )若且,则(D )若且,则参考答案:【答案解析】B 解析:A.直线成角大小不确定;B.把分别看成平面的法向量所在直线,则易得B 成立.所以选B.【思路点拨】根据空间直线和平面位置关系的判断定理与性质定理进行判断.9. 已知函数有两个零点,则实数a 的取值范围为(A)(一∞,0) (B)(0,1] (C)(0,+∞) (D)[0,+∞)参考答案:C10. 设全集U =R ,集合A ={x |},B ={x |1<<8},则(C U A )∩B 等于 A .[-1,3) B .(0,2] C .(1,2]D .(2,3)参考答案:B二、 填空题:本大题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分11. 定义运算,复数z 满足,则复数的模为_______________.参考答案:略12.的定义域为.参考答案:略13. 某高中学校三个年级共有团干部56名,采用分层抽样的方法从中抽取7人进行睡眠时间调查.其中从高一年级抽取了3人,则高一年级团干部的人数为________.参考答案:24【分析】利用分层抽样的定义即可得到结论。
广东省深圳市高级中学(集团)2023届高三上学期期末数学试题(解析版)
【答案】BCD
【解析】
【分析】由离心率相同及已知得到 、 ,即可判断A、B;由 在椭圆 上得到 ,进而判断C;根据对称性确定 的坐标,结合斜率两点式得 判断D.
D.根据切线方程,求交点 的横坐标,因为 为定值,即转化为求点 的横坐标的取值范围.
【详解】因为 ,
所以,当 时, ;当 时, ,
不妨设点 , 的横坐标分别为 ,且 ,
若 时,直线 , 的斜率分别为 , ,此时 ,不合题意;
若 时,则直线 , 的斜率分别为 , ,此时 ,不合题意.
所以 或 ,则 , ,
由题意可得 ,可得 ,
若 ,则 ;若 ,则 ,不合题意,所以 ,选项A对;
对于选项B,易知点 , ,
所以,直线 的斜率为 ,选项B对;
对于选项C,直线 的方程为 ,令 可得 ,即点 ,
直线 的方程为 ,令 可得 ,即点 ,
所以, ,选项C对;
对于选项D,联立 可得 ,
令 ,其中 ,则 ,
所以,函数 在 上单调递增,则当 时, ,
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】求出圆锥的底面半径和圆锥的母线长与高,再计算圆锥的体积.
【详解】解:设圆锥的底面半径为r,圆锥的母线长为l,
由 ,得 ,
又 ,
所以 ,解得 ;
所以圆锥的高为 ,
所以圆锥的体积为 .
故选:C.
5.屈原是中国历史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人,中国浪漫主义文学的奠基人,“楚辞”的创立者和代表作者,其主要作品有《离骚》、《九歌》、《九章》、《天问》等.某校于2022年6月第一周举办“国学经典诵读”活动,计划周一至周四诵读屈原的上述四部作品,要求每天只诵读一部作品,则周一不读《天问》,周三不读《离骚》的概率为()
江苏省徐州一中2023-2024学年生物高三第一学期期末综合测试模拟试题含解析
江苏省徐州一中2023-2024学年生物高三第一学期期末综合测试模拟试题考生须知:1.全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
一、选择题:(共6小题,每小题6分,共36分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求)1.德国生理学家华尔柏在研究线粒体数量时,统计了某动物部分组织细胞中的线粒体数据,如下表所示。
下列相关说法错误的是()A.线粒体具有双层膜结构,其中产生能量最多的部位是基质B.不同细胞的线粒体数量有差异与其执行不同的细胞功能有关C.心肌细胞线粒体含量最多的原因是心肌消耗的能量多D.表中数据可以看出线粒体的多少与细胞新陈代谢的强弱有关2.已知某种鸟(2N=40)的羽毛颜色由位于Z染色体上的三种基因控制,分别用A+、A、a表示,且A+对A为显性。
研究人员做如下两组实验:下列有关分析错误的是A.A+、A、a的出现是基因突变的结果,其遗传遵循基因的分离定律B.A基因控制的羽毛颜色为蓝色,亲本甲的基因型为Z A+W或Z A+Z aC.该种鸟体内某细胞进行分裂时,细胞内最多含4个染色体组,40条染色体D.让实验2子代中的蓝色鸟随机交配,其后代中雌鸟蓝色∶巧克力色=3∶13.人原尿中的葡萄糖进入肾小管上皮细胞的方式为主动运输(消耗钠离子的渗透能),而肾小管上皮细胞内的葡萄糖进入组织液的方式为协助扩散。
下列相关叙述或推理合理的是()A.葡萄糖从肾小管上皮细胞进入组织液不需要膜蛋白的协助B.各种细胞主动吸收葡萄糖时都需要ATP直接提供能量C.肾小管上皮细胞吸收钠离子的速率影响葡萄糖的吸收D .肾小管上皮细胞内外葡萄糖的浓度差不会影响葡萄糖的运输 4.关于细胞分裂的叙述,正确的是( )A .细胞分裂是细胞分化的基础,与衰老、癌变共同组成细胞的完整生命历程B .有丝分裂有一个细胞周期,减数分裂有两个细胞周期C .有丝分裂中期染色体DNA 与核DNA 的数量之比是1:2D .每种分裂后期都会出现着丝点分裂,染色体加倍5.下列有关生物多样性和进化的叙述中,不正确的是( )A .新物种的形成通常要经过突变和基因重组、自然选择及隔离三个基本环节B .自然选择能定向改变种群的基因频率,决定了生物进化的方向C .种群是生物进化的基本单位,物种是群落的基本单位D .禁止滥杀捕猎野生动物是保护生物多样性的有效措施 6.下列与细胞相关的叙述,正确的是( ) A .乳酸菌的细胞核中既含有DNA ,也含有RNA B .酵母菌的细胞核中只含有DNA ,细胞质中只含有RNA C .水绵和蓝细菌都具有以胆固醇等脂质为基本骨架的细胞膜 D .在小鼠肝细胞和大肠杆菌中均含有DNA 和RNA 两类核酸 二、综合题:本大题共4小题7.(9分)请回答下列有关神经调节和体液调节的问题:(1)神经调节的结构基础是反射弧。
广东省韶关市格顶中学2021年高三化学下学期期末试题含解析
广东省韶关市格顶中学2021年高三化学下学期期末试题含解析一、单选题(本大题共15个小题,每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,共60分。
)1. 在25℃、101kPa下,1g甲醇燃烧生成CO2和液态水时放热22.68kJ,下列热化学方程式正确的是A.CH3OH(l)+ 3/2O2(g)==CO2(g)+2H2O(l) △H=+725.8kJ?mol-1B.2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)==2CO2(g)+4H2O(l) △H=-1452kJ?mol-1C.2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)==2CO2(g)+4H2O(l) △H=-725.8kJ?mol-1D.2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)==2CO2(g)+4H2O(l) △H=+1452kJ?mol-1参考答案:B略2. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数,下列叙述不正确的是()A.工业可采用火法炼铜:Cu2S+O2═2Cu+SO2每生成2mol铜,反应共转移6N A个电子B.P4O6的分子结构中只含有单键,且每个原子的最外层都满足8电子结构,则1mol该分子中含有的共价键数目是12N AC.一定条件下定容容器中充入3molH2(g)和1mol N2(g)发生反应:3H2(g)+N2(g)2NH3(g);△H=﹣QkJ/mol,当该反应放出0.25QkJ的热量时,容器中的氢分子数共有2.25N AD.标准状况下,定容容器中盛有某气体纯净物,气体密度为ρg·L﹣1,则该物质相对分子质量为:g参考答案:DA.该反应中Cu元素化合价由0价变为+1价,O元素化合价由0价变为﹣2价、S元素化合价由﹣2价变为+4价,每生成2mol铜,有1molCu2S参加反应,反应共转移电子数=1mol×(4+2)×N A/mol=6N A,故A正确;B.P4O6的分子结构中只含有单键,且每个原子的最外层都满足8电子结构,则每个P4O6分子中12个共价键,所以1mol该分子中共价键个数为12N A,故B正确;C.设:当该反应放出0.25QkJ的热量时,参加反应的氢气的物质的量为x,3H2(g)+N2(g)2NH3(g)△H=﹣QkJ/mol3mol QkJx 0.25QkJ3mol:QkJ=x:0.25kJx==mol,没有参加反应的氢气的物质的量=3mol﹣0.75mol=2.25mol,则氢气分子个数为2.25N A,故C正确;D.根据ρ=知其摩尔质量=22.4ρ,摩尔质量在数值上等于其相对分子质量,所以其相对分子质量为22.4ρ,故D错误;故选D.3. 在实验室里,某同学在纸叠的小船中加入适量的水,用酒精灯直接加热。
PGA高三期末
湛江一中培才学校2015-2016学年第二学期期末测试PGA国际班高三英语科试卷时间:90分钟满分:100分命题教师:CYT学 :I; I .Multiple Choice (40 points, 1 point for each )II; Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question orII; completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A,B,C or II; D on the answer sheet.I; 1.The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" is the beginning line of one ofI■Shakespeare's.I; edies1:名: B.tragedies姓:八,; C.sonnetsI; D.historiesII; 2."So much the worse for me, that I an strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it I: be when you-oh, God!i; Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?"II; In the above passage quoted from Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, the word "soul"Ii; apparently refers to.1・ i ....................................................A. Heathcliff班; B.CatherineI■ C.ghostIi D.one's spiritual liftII 3."And where are they? And where art thou,"II; My country? On thy voiceless shoreII; The heroic lay is tuneless now-I: The heroic bosom beats no more!" ( George Gordon Byron, Don Juan)i: In the above stanza, "art thou" literally means.I: A."are you"学: B."art though"IC. "are though"D. "art you"4. The major concern of fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological developmentof his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalistindustrialization on human nature.A. Charles Dickens'sB. wrence'sC. Thomas Hardy'sD. John Galsworthy's5. Daniel Defoe describes as a typical English Middle-class man of the eighteenthcentury, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A. Tom JonesB. GulliverC. Moll FlandersD. Robinson Crusoe6. "To be so distinguished is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors fromthe great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge."The above quoted sentence is presented by Samuel Johnson with a (n) tone.A. delightfulB. jealousC. ironicD. humorous7. ”She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and, oh,The difference to me!"The word "me" in the last line of the above stanza quoted from Wordsworth's poem "SheDwelt Among the Untrodden Ways" may possibly refer to.A. the poetB. the readerC. herlover□.everybody 8.is a typical feature of Swift's writings.A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narration□.Complicated sentence structure9. The statement "It reveals the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life" may well sum up the main theme if Dickens's.A. David CopperfieldB. Bleak HouseC. Great Expectations□.Oliver Twist10. "Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? ••-And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you."The above quoted passage is most probably taken from.A. Pride and PrejudiceB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering Heights□.Great Expectations11.It is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the form ofA. odeB. elegyC. epicD. sonnet12.G.B.Shaw's play Mrs.Warren's Profession is a realistic exposure of the in theEnglish society.A. slum landlordismB. inequality between men and womenC. political corruption□.economic exploitation of women13.In William Blake's poetry, the father ( and any other in whom he saw the image of the father such as God, priest, and king ) was usually a figure of.A. benevolenceB. admirationC. love□.tyranny14. "'I believe you are made of stone,'he said, clenching his fingers so hard that he broke the fragile cup. •--'You seem to forget,' she said,'that cup is not!'"From the above quoted passage, we can find the woman's tone is very.A. sarcasticB. amusingC. sentimental□.facetious15. The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search forA. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC. universal truth□.self-fulfillment16. Alexander Pope strongly advocated, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. idealism□.neoclassicism17. After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet is a woman of.A. simple character and quick witB. simple character and poor understandingC. intricate character and quick wit□.intricate character and poor understanding18.Of all the eighteenth-century novelists,was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose," and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Daniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Henry Fielding□.Oliver Goldsmith19."Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew,/Thou mak'st thy knife keen."In the above quotation taken form The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a (n)A. oxymoronB. punC. simile□.synecdoche20.In Hardy's Wessex novels, there is an apparent touch in his description of thesimple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. humorousB. romanticC. nostalgic□.sarcastic21. "O prince, O chief of many throned powers,"That led th' embattled seraphim to warUnder thy conduct, and in dreadful deedsFearless, endangered Heaven's perpetual King."In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton's Paradise Lost, the phrase "thy conduct" refers to conduct.A. Satan'sB. God'sC. A dam'sD. Eve's22. We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley's poem "Ode to the West Wind"with all the following terms exceptA. tamedB. swiftC. proudD. wild23.In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled at Harvard, which washailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "Self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"24.In Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," a satanic figure leads the credulous protagonist to a witches' Sabbath in the woods. There he recognizes many pillars of Salem's Puritan society as well as his wife, Faith. The story illustrates Hawthorne's allegorical theme of human evil or what Melville called the "power of."A. blacknessB. whitenessC. terrorD. hypocrisy25. For Melville, as well as for the reader and, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.A. AhabB. IshmaelC. StubbD. Starbuck26. Most of the poems in Whitman's Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-mass" and the as well.A. natureB. self-relianceC. selfD. life27. Emily Dickinson's poem (441) "This is my letter to the World" expresses the poet'sabout hercommunication with the outside world.A. indifferenceB. joyC. anxietyD. indignation28. Which of the following statements about writers in 1920s is true?A. Mark Twain published his last and most important novel.B. F. Scott Fitzgerald received the Nobel Prize.C. Freudian psychology influenced many modern writers.D. Most writers were politically radical.29. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympatheticbut more ironic and more ______ .A. rationalB. humorousC. optimisticD. pessimistic30. Mark Twain's first novel, written in collaboration with Charles D. Warner and published in 1873,though not an artistic success, gives its name to the America of the post-Civil War period which it attempts to satirize.A. The Gilded AgeB. The Age of InnocenceC. The Roughing TimeD. The Jazz Age31. Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan andA. The GeniusB. The TycoonC. The StoicD. The Giant32. Daisy Miller's tragedy of indiscretion is intensified and enlarged by its narration from the point of view ofA. the author Henry JamesB. the Italian youth GiovanelliC. the American youth WinterbourneD. her mother Mrs. Miller33. The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-centuryFrench literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American.A. local colorismB. vernacularismC. modernismD. naturalism34.It is on his that Washington Irving's fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about America35. ”If honest labor be unremunerative and difficult to endure; if it be the long, long road which never reachesbeauty, but wearies the feet and the heart; if the drag to follow beauty be such that one abandons the admired way, taking rather the despised path leading to her dreams quickly, who shall cast the first stone?"Where is the underlined phrase taken from?A. The Bible.B. Milton.C. Shakespeare.D. Hawthorne.36. Most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth-century American literature, or we may say, the second American Renaissance, is the movement.A. transcendentalB. leftistC. expatriateD. expressionistic37. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms - the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse - with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax.A. SouthernB. WesternC. New HampshireD. New England38. As an autobiographical play, O'Neill's (1956) has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama.A. The Iceman ComethB. Long Day's Journey Into NightC. The Hairy ApeD. Desire Under the Elms39. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of view40.Stylistically, Henry James' fiction is characterized by.A. short, clear sentencesB. abundance of local imagesC. ordinary American speechD. highly refined languagen .Topic Discussion (60 points, 30 points for each )Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. A possible theme of James Joyce's short story "Araby" is disillusionment. Briefly discuss the symbolism Joyce employs in presenting this theme.50. What makes Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn more than a child's adventure story? Briefly discuss the question from THREE of the following aspects: the setting, the language, the character (s) , the theme and the style.。
2022年上海外高桥中学高三数学理期末试题含解析
2022年上海外高桥中学高三数学理期末试题含解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有是一个符合题目要求的1. 已知双曲线(a>0,b>0)上的一点到双曲线的左、右焦点的距离之差为4,若抛物线y=ax2上的两点A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)关于直线y=x+m对称,且x1x2=﹣,则m的值为()A.B.C.2 D.3参考答案:A【考点】双曲线的简单性质.【分析】由双曲线的定义可得a=2,可得y1=2x12,y2=2x22,A点坐标是(x1,2x12),B点坐标是(x2,2x22)A,B的中点坐标是(,),因为A,B关于直线y=x+m对称,所以A,B的中点在直线上,且AB与直线垂直,可得=+m,=﹣1,结合条件,由此能求得m.【解答】解:双曲线=1(a>0,b>0)上的一点到双曲线的左、右焦点的距离之差为4,可得2a=4,即a=2.抛物线y=2x2上的两点A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),可得y1=2x12,y2=2x22,A点坐标是(x1,2x12),B点坐标是(x2,2x22),A,B的中点坐标是(,),因为A,B关于直线y=x+m对称,所以A,B的中点在直线上,且AB与直线垂直,可得=+m,=﹣1,即x12+x22=+m,x2+x1=﹣,因为x1x2=﹣,所以x12+x22=(x1+x2)2﹣2x1x2=+1=,代入得=﹣+m,求得m=.故选:A.2. “a=3”是“函数f(x)=x2﹣2ax+2在区间[3,+∞)内单调递增”的()条件.A.充分非必要B.必要非充分C.充要D.既非充分也非必要参考答案:A【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断.【专题】转化思想;转化法;简易逻辑.【分析】先求出函数f(x)=x2﹣2ax+2的单调增区间,然后由题意知[3,+∞)是它单调增区间的子区间,利用对称轴与区间的位置关系即可求出a的范围,再根据充分必要条件进行求解.【解答】解:∵函数f(x)=x2﹣2ax+2在区间[3,+∞)内单调递增,可得f(x)的对称轴为x=﹣=a,开口向上,可得a≤3,∴“a=3”?“函数f(x)=x2﹣2ax+2在区间[3,+∞)内单调递增”,∴“a=3”是“函数f(x)=x2﹣2ax+2在区间[3,+∞)内单调递增”的充分而不必要条件,故选:A.【点评】此题主要考查二次函数的性质及其对称轴的应用,以及充分必要条件的定义,是一道基础题.3. 执行右面的程序框图,如果输入的N是6,那么输出的p是(A)120(B)720(C)1440(D)5040参考答案:B本题主要考查了循环结构的程序框图,一般都可以反复的进行运算直到满足条件结束,本题中涉及到二个变量,注意每个变量的运行结果和执行情况, 难度较小.当k=1,p=1时,p=1×1;当k=2时,p=1×2=2;当k=3时,p=2×3=6;当k=4时,p=6×4=24;当k=5时,p=24×5=120;当k=6时,p=120×6=720;此时循环结束,故输出p的值为720. 故选B.4. 中国古代数学著作《算法统宗》中有这样一个问题:“三百七十八里关,初行健步不为难,次日脚痛减一半,六朝才得到其关,要见次日行里数,请公仔细算相还.”其大意为:“有一个人走了378里路,第一天健步行走,从第二天起因脚痛每天走的路程为前一天的一半,走了6天后到达目的地.”则此人第4天走了()A.60里B.48里C.36里D.24里参考答案:D5. 一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的外接球的体积为() A.4 B.12 C.2 D.4参考答案:A略6. 已知圆截直线所得线段的长度是,则圆M与圆的位置关系是()A. 内切B. 相交C. 外切D. 相离参考答案:B化简圆到直线的距离,又两圆相交. 选B7. 在中,点在上,且,点是的中点,若,,则( )A.B.C.D.参考答案:D略8. 已知函数f(x)=ax+lnx﹣有三个不同的零点x1,x2,x3(其中x1<x2<x3),则(1﹣)2(1﹣)(1﹣)的值为()A.1﹣a B.a﹣1 C.﹣1 D.1参考答案:D【考点】函数零点的判定定理.【分析】先分离参数得到a=﹣,令h(x)=﹣.求导后得其极值点,h(x)在(0,1),(e,+∞)上为减函数,在(1,e)上为增函数.再令a=﹣μ,转化为关于μ的方程后由根与系数关系得到μ1+μ2=1﹣a<0,μ1μ2=1﹣a<0,再结合μ=的图象可得到(1﹣)2(1﹣)(1﹣)的值.【解答】解:令f(x)=0,分离参数得a=﹣,令h(x)=﹣,由h′(x)==0,得x=1或x=e.当x∈(0,1)时,h′(x)<0;当x∈(1,e)时,h′(x)>0;当x∈(e,+∞)时,h′(x)<0.即h(x)在(0,1),(e,+∞)上为减函数,在(1,e)上为增函数.∴0<x1<1<x2<e<x3,a=﹣=﹣,令μ=,则a=﹣μ,即μ2+(a﹣1)μ+1﹣a=0,μ1+μ2=1﹣a<0,μ1μ2=1﹣a<0,对于μ=,μ′=则当0<x<e时,μ′>0;当x>e时,μ′<0.而当x>e时,μ恒大于0.画其简图,不妨设μ1<μ2,则μ1=,μ2===μ3,∴(1﹣)2(1﹣)(1﹣)=(1﹣μ1)2(1﹣μ2)(1﹣μ3)=[(1﹣μ1)(1﹣μ2)]2=[1﹣(1﹣a)+(1﹣a)]2=1.故选:D.9. 直线ax+by-a=0与圆x2+y2-2x-2=0的图象可能是参考答案:C10. 函数图象交点的横坐标所在区间是()A.(1,2)B.(2,3)C.(3,4)D.(1,5)参考答案:C略二、填空题:本大题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分16.在轴的正方向上,从左向右依次取点列,以及在第一象限内的抛物线上从左向右依次取点列,使()都是等边三角形,其中是坐标原点,则第2005个等边三角形的边长是。
2021届上海市莘格高级中学高三生物下学期期末试题及答案解析
2021届上海市莘格高级中学高三生物下学期期末试题及答案解析一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 下列关于植物激素的叙述中,正确的有()①植物体内不同的腺体能够分泌不同的激素,脱落酸能促进叶片和果实的衰老与脱落①生长素具有极性运输的特点,缺乏氧气会影响植物体内生长素的极性运输①乙烯可以促进苹果和香蕉等果实的生长发育和成熟①植物幼嫩叶片中的色氨酸可转变为生长素①豌豆幼苗切段中乙烯的合成受生长素浓度的影响①用适宜浓度的生长素溶液处理番茄的花就能得到无子番茄A.2项B.3项C.4项D.5项2. 下列关于肺炎双球菌转化实验和噬菌体侵染细菌实验的叙述,正确的是()A.格里菲思在肺炎双球菌转化实验中对DNA和蛋白质等物质进行了分离B.转化形成的S型细菌的遗传物质中含有R型细菌的遗传信息C.噬菌体侵染细菌的实验中,充分搅拌的目的是为细菌提供更多的氧气D.若用噬菌体侵染3H标记的细菌,离心后可检测到放射性主要分布在上清液中3. 如图是两种细胞的亚显微结构示意图。
以下叙述正确的是()A. 与甲细胞相比,乙细胞特有的细胞器有①①①B. 甲细胞中参与抗体合成和分泌的具膜细胞器有①①①①C. 可以利用差速离心法将图示各种细胞器分离开D. 乙图中结构①的膜蛋白合成加工与①①①①无关4. 生命活动离不开细胞,下列相关叙述错误的是()A.单细胞生物依靠单个细胞就能完成各项生命活动B.多细胞生物要依赖各种分化的细胞密切合作,共同完成一系列复杂的生命活动C.所有生物均由细胞构成D.细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位5. 不同植物细胞内液泡的大小、形状、颜色存在差异。
液泡膜上具有多种酶和转运蛋白,液泡中贮存着多种细胞代谢产物和多种酸性水解酶,糖类、盐类等物质的浓度往往很高。
液泡还能吸收细胞质中某些有毒物质,避免细胞中毒。
液泡可来自内质网、高尔基体或细胞膜。
以下关于液泡的叙述,错误的是()A.液泡内多种物质浓度较高可能是因为液泡膜具有选择透过性B.花瓣、果实显示不同的颜色是因为液泡中含有色素,成熟植物细胞都含有这些色素C.液泡可分解蛋白质、核酸等物质,该作用类似动物细胞中的溶酶体D.成熟植物细胞质内的水分子大量进入液泡,从而维持细胞膨压,使植物体保持挺立状态6. 免疫调节在维持人体正常生命活动的过程中发挥重要作用。
2021届上海市莘格高级中学高三生物上学期期末考试试卷及答案
2021届上海市莘格高级中学高三生物上学期期末考试试卷及答案一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 数学模型是用来描述一个生态系统或它的性质的数学形式,种群增长的数学模型有曲线图和数学方程式,下列关于种群的“J”型增长叙述错误的是()A.数学方程式模型可表示为:t年后种群数量为:N t=N0λtB.条件是食物和空间充裕、气候适宜、没有敌害等C.“J”型增长曲线中λ大于1,且为定值D.“J”曲线实际表示了该种群的数量变化曲线,更直观,但不精确2. 狼体内有a种蛋白质,20种氨基酸;兔体内有b种蛋白质,20种氨基酸。
狼捕食兔后,狼体内的一个细胞中含有的蛋白质种类和氨基酸种类最可能是()A.a+b,40B.a,20C. 大于a,20D. 小于a,203. 离子泵是一种具有ATP水解酶活性的载体蛋白,能利用水解A TP释放的能量跨膜运输离子。
下列叙述正确的是()A.离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输属于协助扩散B.离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输是顺着浓度梯度进行的C.动物一氧化碳中毒会降低离子泵跨膜运输离子的速率D.加入蛋白质变性剂会提高离子泵跨膜运输离子的速率4. 陈薇带领科研团队研制的新冠病毒疫苗,在国内第一个获批正式进入临床试验阶段。
以下关于疫苗的叙述,错误的是()A. 疫苗是灭活或减毒的病原体B. 疫苗属于抗原C. 疫苗属于抗体D. 疫苗有特异性5. “叶绿体色素的提取和分离”实验中,某同学提取的滤液经层析后结果如图6所示。
造成该现象可能的解释是()A.研磨时未加入SiO2B.研磨时未加入CaCO3C.划滤液细线的次数不够D.提取时未加入无水乙醇6. 科学家用32P磷酸盐作为标记物浸泡蚕豆幼苗,得到蚕豆根尖分生区细胞(2n=12)连续分裂的数据如图一。
图二表示有丝分裂过程中细胞内染色体、染色单体和核DNA的相对含量。
下列相关说法正确的是()A.图一数轴上可以画出两个细胞周期,其中0~19.3可以表示一个细胞周期B.蚕豆根尖分生区细胞中染色体数目最多为24条,根尖成熟区细胞中DNA总数为12条C.图二中a表示染色体,乙可以表示处于有丝分裂后期的细胞D.由图一可知,细胞周期为19.3小时,分裂期为2小时7. 关于物质跨膜运输的叙述中,错误的是()A.O2进入细胞不需要载体蛋白协助B.胰岛素的分泌过程需要消耗能量C.葡萄糖进入细胞的方式都需要载体蛋白的协助D.需要载体蛋白协助参与的运输方式中,也一定是要消耗细胞内能量的8. 研究发现,直肠癌患者体内存在癌细胞和肿瘤干细胞。
2021年上海市外国语大学附属大境中学高三生物下学期期末试卷及参考答案
2021年上海市外国语大学附属大境中学高三生物下学期期末试卷及参考答案一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.下列各项中,不属于高等动物体内蛋白质功能的一项是A.构成细胞和生物体结构的重要物质B.具有运输载体的功能C.催化细胞内的化学反应D.作为细胞代谢的主要能源物质2.细胞周期是靠细胞内部一系列精确调控实现的。
在此过程中各种周期蛋白(Cyclin)与不同的蛋白激酶(Cdk)结合形成复合物,促进细胞进入下一个阶段。
如Cdk2—Cyclin E负责检查G1到S期,检查通过则细胞周期继续进行,不通过则细胞进入G0期(不生长、不增殖)。
不同时期细胞各种蛋白复合体的含量变化如图,据图分析错误的是()A.可设计药物通过抑制Cyclin E基因的表达来治疗癌症B.Cdk2—Cyclin A复合物可能与细胞内DNA和中心体的复制有关C.若将G2期细胞与M期细胞融合,G2期细胞进入M期的时间会延后D.原癌基因表达的蛋白质功能与Cdk—Cyclin复合物的功能类似3.下列关于细胞的物质输人和输出的说法,错误的是()A. 蛋白质等大分子物质通过胞吞或胞吐的方式进出细胞B. 当细胞内外存在浓度差时就会发生质壁分离或复原C. 土壤温度和氧气含量会影响根系对矿质元素离子的吸收D. 改变细胞膜上某种蛋白质的结构可能会影响小肠上皮细胞对氨基酸的吸收4.下列有关生物膜的叙述正确的是()A.高尔基体是膜面积很大的细胞器,它向外可连接细胞膜,向内可连接核膜B.胆固醇是动物细胞膜的组成成分,并参与人体内血液中脂质的运输C.细胞膜具有选择透过性,细胞不需要的对细胞有害的物质不能进入细胞D.罗伯特森在电镜下看到了细胞膜清晰的暗—亮—暗的三层结构,提出所有的生物膜都是由磷脂—蛋白质—磷脂三层结构构成的5.下列关于植物激素作用的叙述,正确的是()A. 脱落酸可以促进叶的脱落B. 赤霉素可以促进种子休眠C. 乙烯可以促进种子的萌发D. 细胞分裂素可以促进细胞伸长6.下图甲、乙依次为蛋白质、核酸的单体结构示意图。
2021届上海市莘格高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析
2021届上海市莘格高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest Online Bachelor's ProgramsAn online college degree may appeal to those who want to take lasses while working full time. Choosing where to sign up online will likely be challenging, but below you'll find advice and other resources to make your search easier.•ArizonaStateUniversityASU relies upon cutting-edge technology and world-class educators to offer degree programs that fit into any lifestyle. Its courses employ advanced technology, such as our virtual labs, adaptive learning and virtual community, to provide real-world experiences to prepare graduates for their chosen industry.ADMISSION: 15,321TUITION: S413•UniversityofIllinoisUI is a top-ranked, diverse research institution and an approved SARA institution. For UTs degree completion programs, students transfer with an associate degree or 57-60 credits. All of the online classes arc recorded so students can access lecture material at their convenience.ADMISSION: 385TUITION: S462•UniversityofFloridaUF Online is a fully-online degree pathway giving students access to the same teachers in UF. Courses arc designed and taught by UF's well-known teachers. Students feel connected, frequently communicating with teachers and their fellow students.ADMISSION: 3,340TUITION: $500•OhioStateUniversityThe courses of OSU online bachelor's programs are all related to health science. The online programs are flexible providing students with the knowledge to enter professional medical practice or prepare them for moreadvanced roles in their fields.ADMISSION: 542TUITION: 56421. What's special aboutArizonaStateUniversity?A. It is an approved SARA institution.B. It provides the most expensive programs.C. It offers some technology-assisted courses.D. It admits fewer students than other universities.2. Which university’s, online programs favor medical students?A.ArizonaStateUniversity.B.UniversityofIllinois.C.UniversityofFlorida.D.OhioStateUniversity.3. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To advertise free online programs.B. To call on people to sign up online.C. To introduce some best online programs.D. To provide access to the best universities.BIn the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact(影响)on the environment. After all, you were jumping into your car, driving across town, coughing out emissions(产生排放)and using gas all the way. But now that we're used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a littleproud. After all, we're just picking up our phones and maybe turning on the TV. You're welcome. Mother Nature.Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shift Project. According to "Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video", digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Watching a half-hour show would cause 1. 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions. That's like driving 6. 28 kilometers. And in the European Union, the Eureca project found that data centers(where videos are stored)there used 25% more energy in 2017 compared to just three years earlier, reports the BBC.Streaming is only expected to increase as webecome more enamored ofour digital devices(设备)and the possibility of enjoying entertainment where and when we want it increases. Online video use is expected toincrease by four times from 2017 to 2022 and account for 80% of all Internet traffic by 2022. By then, about 60% of the world's population will be online.You're probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there're things you can do to help lessen the impact of your online use, experts say. For example, according to Lutz Stobbe, a researcher from the Fraunhofer Institute in Berlin, we have no need to upload 25 pictures of the same thing to the cloud because it consumes energy every time. If instead you delete a few things here and there, you can save energy. Moreover, it's also a good idea to stream over Wi-Fi, watch on the smallest screen you can, and turn off your Wi-Fi in your home if you're not using your devices.4. What topic is the first paragraph intended to lead in?A. The environmental effects of driving private cars.B. The improvements on environmental awareness.C. The change in the way people seek entertainment.D The environmental impacts of screaming services.5. What does the underlined phrase become more enamored of" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Get more skeptical of.B. Become more aware of.C. Feel much crazier about.D. Get more worried about.6. What can we infer about the use of streaming services?A. It is being reduced to protect the planet.B. Its environmental effects are worsening.C. It is easily available to almost everyone.D. Its side effects have drawn global attention.7. Which of the following is the most environmentally-friendly?A. Watching downloaded movies on a mobile phone.B. Downloading music on a personal computer.C. Uploading a lot of images of the same thing.D. Playing online games over mobile networks.CPlanned missions to the moon need to hurry up to avoid hitting one of the busiest periods for extreme space weather, according to scientists conducting the most in-depth ever research on solar storm timing.Scientists at theUniversityofReadingstudied 150 years of space weather data to look into patterns in thetiming of the most extreme events,which can be extremely dangerous to astronauts and satellites. This new research on space weather timing allows predictions to be made for extreme space weather. Therefore, it could be used to plan the timing of activities, which could be affected by extreme space weather, for example, major space missions.The researchers found for the first time that extreme space weather events are more likely to occur early in or late solar cycles-such as the one just starting. The findings may have influences on the NASA-led Artemis mission. It plans to make humans return to the moon in 2024, but can be put off to the late 2020s.Professor Mathew Owens, a space physicist at theUniversityofReading, said, “Until now, the most extreme space weather events were thought to berandomin their timing. Though there is no set pattern of the events, this research suggests they are more predictable.”In the new study, the scientists used a new method applying statistical modelling to storm timing for the first time. Previous research generally focused on how big extreme space weather events can be, based on observations of previous events. Predicting their timing is far more difficult because extreme events are rare, so there is ly little historic data to identify patterns. The findings suggest that any major planned space missions , which is beyond the next five years, will have to consider the higher probability of extreme space weather late in the present solar cycle between 2026 and 2030.8. What can we learn about the study from the first two paragraphs?A. It has lasted just 150 years.B. It doesn't refer to space weather data.C. It shows space weather has no effect on astronauts.D. It makes it possible to predict extreme space weather.9. Why might the NASA-led Artemis mission be put off?A. To research solar cycles.B. To avoid effects of space weather.C. To meet the needs of the astronauts.D. To make humans return to Earth in 2024.10. What does the underlined word “random“ in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Irregular.B. Easy.C. Limited.D. Changeless.11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The study is useful for future space missions.B. The planned space missions should be put off.C. Extreme space weather will happen before 2026.D. Previous observations make no difference to the study.DMy friend and I went traveling inTasmania,Australialast December. We settled in our Airbnb accommodation, a cozy apartment, not long after we arrived inHobart, the capital city.After briefing us on the kitchen's facilities and the whereabouts of the bedroom and bathroom, our hostess Geraldine resumed her ironing work, which seemed to have been interrupted by our arrival.She was ironing what looked like security guard uniforms, and we soon found out that she worked in a local prison. And when she detected the curiosity in our tones, she offered a tour at the prison in her SUV. My friend and I exchanged a “this is incredible” look and said “yes” immediately.As we drove, she told us about the buildings that we were passing, the local market and how to get to MONA,Tasmania's well-known contemporary art gallery.And of course we got to hear some background information about the prison. According to our hostess, it currently holds Martin Bryant, a notorious criminal who cheated 35 people out of their property. We could see the high level of security from the layers upon layers of wires surrounding the gray structure inside.Getting to know a city in such a local way is something I would never be able to do by talking to a hotel receptionist, and this is what I like best about the apartment-sharing experience, not to mention the fact that it's usually cheaper than hotel rooms.But I'm fully aware of the risks of Airbnb, which is why I did my homework before booking online—I checked the reviews of the accommodation to avoid possible safety problems.That said, it is the mutual trust between a host and a guest that fascinates me—the interesting feeling of building a bond with a total stranger.12. Why did the hostess drive us to the prison?A. She planned to send the uniform to the prison.B. She found our curiosity about the prison.C. She wanted to show off her SUV.D. She needed to offer a tour for us.13. Which of the following can best explain the word “notorious” in Paragraph 5?A. Unfamiliar to everyone.B. Particularly disappointing.C. Well known for being bad.D. Extremely generous to others.14. Compared with hotels, what is the writer's favorite of the Airbnb accommodation?A. It is cheaper in most cases.B. It supplies a better living condition.C. It offers a much safer accommodation.D. It provides a chance to know local culture.15. What does the author think of finding accommodation on Airbnb?A. Disapproving.B. Supportive.C. Neutral.D. Doubtful.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海虹口高级中学高三生物下学期期末试题含解析
上海虹口高级中学高三生物下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题(本题共40小题,每小题1.5分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1. 控制植物果实重量的三对等位基因E/e、F/f和H/h,对果实重量的作用相等,分别位于三对同源染色体上.已知基因型为eeffhh的果实重120克,然后每增加一个显性基因就使果实增重15克.现在果树甲和乙杂交,甲的基因型为EEffhh,F1的果实重150克.则乙的基因型最可能是()A.eeFFHH B.Eeffhh C.eeFFhh D.eeffhh参考答案:C【考点】基因的自由组合规律的实质及应用.【分析】根据题意,eeffhh的果实重120克,然后每增加一个显性基因就使果实增重15克.所以F1的果实重150克则含有的显性基因个数为=2.EEffhh产生的配子为Efh,含有一个显性基因,由分析可知,F1中含有两个显性基因,所以另一个体产生的配子中含有1个显性基因.【解答】解:A、eeFFHH产生的配子中含有2个显性基因,A错误;B、Eeffhh产生的配子中含有1个显性基因或不含有显性基因,B错误;C、eeFFhh产生的配子中含有1个显性基因,C正确;D、eeffhh产生的配子中没有显性基因,D错误.故选:C.【点评】本题考查基因的自由组合定律,解题的关键是根据果实重量判断体细胞中含有显性基因的个数.2. 下图为DNA分子在不同酶的作用下所发生的变化,图中依次表示限制性内切酶、DNA聚合酶、DNA连接酶、解旋酶作用的正确顺序是A.①②③④ B.①②④③ C.①④②③ D.①④③②参考答案:C3. 已知某种酶是由419个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。
科学家利用生物技术做出了5种不同长度的该酶的片段,并分别测定其活性如下图所示。
由此分析决定该酶可能具有活性的精确片段是A.第1号氨基酸到第43号氨基酸B.第44号氨基酸到第85号氨基酸C.第196号氨基酸到第419号氨基酸D.第197号氨基酸到第302号氨基酸参考答案:B4. 线粒体是细胞内的一种重要细胞器,下列与线粒体有关的叙述中,错误的是()A. 在清水中线粒体的内膜先于外膜破裂B. 线粒体内、外膜在功能上的差异主要与膜蛋白的种类和数量有关C. 线粒体基质中存在多种酶,如与有氧呼吸有关的酶、DNA聚合酶等D. 线粒体与细胞中的遗传信息传递、能量供应等有关参考答案:A【分析】线粒体呈粒状、棒状,具有双层膜,普遍存在于动、植物细胞中,内有少量DNA和RNA,内膜向内突起形成嵴,内膜、基质和基粒中有许多种与有氧呼吸有关的酶。
2021年上海市通河高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析
2021年上海市通河高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre reflects the values of the civilization out of which it grows. The following are the types of theatre performances an ancient Roman might have witnessed then.Fescennine VerseFescennine Verse was a pioneer of Roman comedy. Ironic and improvisational(即兴的), it was used mainly at festivals or weddings, and as invective. With early native Italian funny dialogues in Latin verse, it was thought to have combined with a tradition of performances by masked dancers and musicians from Etruria.Fabula AtellanaFabula Atellana relied on common characters, masks, direct humor, and simple plots. They were performed by actors improvising. Fabula Atellana came from the Oscan city of Atella. There were 4 main types of characters: the braggart, the greedy blockhead, the clever hunchback and the stupid old man, like modern Punch and Judy shows.Fabula TogataNamed for the clothing symbolic of the Roman people Fabula Togata had various subtypes. One was the Fabula Tabernaria, named for the tavern(酒馆)where the comedy’s preferred characters, lowlifes, might be found. One describing more middle-class types, and continuing the Roman clothing theme, was the Fabula Trabeata.Fabula PraetextaFabula Praetexta is the name for Roman tragedies on Roman themes, Roman history or current politics. Fabula Praetexta was less popular than tragedies on Greek themes. During the Golden Age of drama in the Middle Republic, there were four great Roman writers of tragedy, Naevius, Ennius, Pacuvius, and Accius. Of their surviving tragedies, 90 titles remain.All the performances above began as a translation of Greek forms, even to the extent of their being performed in Greek costume.1.Where might an ancient Roman witness Fescennine Verse?A.At a party.B.At a funeral.C.At a wedding.D.At a concert.2.Which type of performance describes the middle-class life?A.Fabula Atellana.B.Fabula Tabernaria.C.Fabula Trabeata.D.Fabula Praetexta.3.What do the listed types of performances have in common?A.They copy Latin dramas.B.They take on Greek forms.C.They reflect Roman themes.D.They refer to Italian stories.BAs I was walking home,a boy seemed to be singing a song in a very low voice,walking infront of me and carrying some of the same high school books I had with me.I caught up to him,and said “Hello”.I could tell he wasstartled,and dropped one of his books.I picked it up and as I handed it to him,he said “Thank you.” in a strange way,like witha strong accent.We soon began walking together and talking.It turns out he was in my science class,and I didn’t even know it!His name was Ahmad,and his family had just moved here this school year.He invited me into his house,and his family treated me like a special guest,which made me feel very welcome.He said hospitality (好客) is very basic to his culture,and strangers were always treated very kindly.His mom brought out some great food,and offered me some tea.Ahmad’s father and two sisters wanted to hearall about me and my family,and my schooling.Ahmad’s whole family had to leave their lifelong home because war had broken out,and it wasn’t safe there anymore.They left with only what they could carry.His family was happy to feel safe,and they got used toAmerican culture quickly.They seemed pleased that Ahmad had brought a friend home to meet them.And as my friendship with Ahmad has continued,I now realize that the world is so much bigger than I thought!I also realize that your friends don’t have to be just like you.Differences make the world go round.4. What does the underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Excited.B. Moved.C. Surprised.D. Interested.5. Why was the writer treated like a special guest by Ahmad’s family?A. They liked strangers who came to their home for help.B. They wanted to know more information about the writer.C. Strangers were always treated very kindly in their culture.D. The writer was an American and knew much about their culture.6. Where does the writer probably come from?A. Canada.B. America.C. China.D. Australia.7. What can we learn from the passage?A. People from different countries can be good friends.B. Friends need different cultures and different accents.C. Your friends should have a lot of things the same with you.D. You can’t make friends with people from other countries.CSome of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every evening when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.Dad’s comb was bought when he married Mum. Every evening, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. This seems amundanetask, but it brought me such joy at that time. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.About two years later, Dad started his own business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and he didn’t come home as much as he used to. Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home.Today, I’ve graduated from college and Dad’s business are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me continued. Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early and said to me, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink. It’s a new comb. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. I brushed the comb, and it hit me then: why, as a child, helping my dad clean his comb was such a joy.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. This time, I noticed my day has aged. But his smile is still as heartwarming as before. Dad carefully places his comb on top of his wallet. After so many years, I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.8. As a child, the author helped her dad clean his comb happily because ________.A. she was good at cleaning the combB. she thought that she should do that as a good girlC. her dad was home early to spend the evening with herD. the comb was important for her father and her mother9. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined wordmundanein paragraph two?A. importantB. excitingC. unnecessaryD. uninteresting10. When the author said, “It’s a new comb. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it.”, she felt ________.A. disappointedB. impatientC. tiredD. sorry11. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Evenings With Dad.B. How to Clean the Comb.C. My Memory with My Dad.D. I Love My Family Members.DWhen you walk with a backpack, do you know how the things inside move from side to side? Now scientists havefigured out how to tap into that movement to produce electricity.Picture a pendulum (摆锤) fixed to a backpack frame and stabilized with springs on either side. The pack’s weight is attached to the pendulum, so the pendulum swings side to side as you walk.Then a machine is driven by that swinging movement, and spits out electrical current to charge a battery.Volunteers carried the pack while walking on a running machine and wore masks to measure the flow of O2and CO2. Walking with the slightly swinging 20-pound load, the device (设备) did not significantly affect the volunteers’ metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate compared to when they carried the same weight fixed in place. In fact, the energy-harvesting pack reduced the forces of acceleration they’d feel in a regular pack, which might mean greater comfort for a long hike. And the device did produce a steady trickle (涓流) of electricity. If you up the load to 45 pounds, the swing of the pack could fully charge a smart phone only after 12 hours. The details are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.The device produces electricity from human movement and has been identified as a workable solution to providing a renewable energy source for portable electronic devices. It is particularly useful for those who work in remote areas, as these people often carry a lot of weight in a backpack for their exploration.But here’s a realconundrum: the energy-harvesting device currently weighs five pounds. The researchers say that’s about four pounds too many to be a smart alternative to batteries. So they hope that more research letsthem lighten the load, to ensure the pack charges you up without weighing you down.12. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How the device works.B. What the device looks like.C. Who the device is designed for.D. Why scientists designed the device.13. Which of the following describes the device?A. It greatly affected the volunteers metabolic rate.B. It harvested energy as the volunteers walk.C. It failed to produce steady electricity.D. It was useless for a long walk.14. What does the underlined word “conundrum” in the last paragraph mean?A. Problem.B. Method.C. Bond.D. Decision.15. What will the researchers try to do next?A. Increase the charging speed of their device.B. Find smarter alternatives to batteries.C. Reduce the weight of their device.D. Put their device on the market.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年湖北省武汉市英格中学高三化学期末试卷含解析
2021年湖北省武汉市英格中学高三化学期末试卷含解析一、单选题(本大题共15个小题,每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,共60分。
)1. 下列关于实验仪器名称的标注或实验操作正确的是参考答案:C2. 今有0.1 mol/L Na2SO4溶液300 mL,0.1 mol/L MgSO4溶液200 mL和0.1 mol/L Al2(SO4)3溶液100 mL,这三种溶液中硫酸根离子浓度之比是()A.1∶1∶1B.3∶2∶1C.3∶2∶3D.1∶1∶3参考答案:D略3. 能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是()A.过氧化钠固体与水反应:2O22—+2H2O == 4OH-+O2↑B.向明矾[KAl(SO4)2]溶液中逐滴加入Ba(OH)2溶液至SO42-恰好沉淀完全:2Al3++3SO42-+3Ba2++6OH-=2Al(OH)3↓+3BaSO4↓C.可以用浓盐酸酸化的KMnO4溶液与H2O2混合,以证明H2O2具有还原性:2MnO4- + 6H+ + 5H2O2= 2Mn2+ + 5O2↑ + 8H2OD.FeSO4酸性溶液暴露在空气中:4Fe2++O2+4H+=4Fe3++2H2O参考答案:D略4. 有四种有机物①(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2,②(CH3)2C(CH3)2,③CH3(CH2)2CH(CH3)2,④ CH3CH2C(CH3)3有关这四种物质的下列叙述正确的是()A.①和②互为同分异构体,①和④互为同系物B.④的一氯代物有三种C.②可以由烯烃与氢气加成反应而获得D.③的系统命名是4-甲基戊烷参考答案:B略5. 钯的化合物氯化钯可用来检测有毒气体CO,常温发生反应的化学方程式为:CO + PdCl2 + H2O CO2+ Pd↓ +2HC1下列说法正确的是()A.氧化性:PdCl2 > CO2B.反应中PdCl2被氧化C.生成22.4LCO2时,转移的电子为2mo1D.CO气体只有在高温下才能表现还原性参考答案:A略6. 向CuSO4溶液中逐滴加入过量KI溶液,观察到产生白色沉淀,溶液变为棕色。
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湛江一中培才学校2015-2016学年第二学期期末测试 PGA 国际班高三英语科试卷 时间:90分钟 满分:100分 命题教师:CYT Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points, 1 point for each ) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A,B,C or D on the answer sheet. 1.The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare's ________ . edies B.tragedies C.sonnets D.histories 2."So much the worse for me, that I an strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it be when you-oh, God! Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?" In the above passage quoted from Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, the word "soul" apparently refers to _______ . A.Heathcliff B.Catherine C.ghost D.one's spiritual lift 3."And where are they? And where art thou," My country? On thy voiceless shore The heroic lay is tuneless now- The heroic bosom beats no more!"(George Gordon Byron, Don Juan ) In the above stanza, "art thou" literally means _______ . A."are you" B."art though"学校: 班别: 姓名: 学号:C."are though"D."art you"4.The major concern of _______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A.Charles Dickens'swrence'sC.Thomas Hardy'sD.John Galsworthy's5.Daniel Defoe describes _______ as a typical English Middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A.Tom JonesB.GulliverC.Moll FlandersD.Robinson Crusoe6."To be so distinguished is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge."The above quoted sentence is presented by Samuel Johnson with a(n)_______ tone.A.delightfulB.jealousC.ironicD.humorous7."She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and, oh,The difference to me!"The word "me" in the last line of the above stanza quoted from Wordsworth's poem "She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways" may possibly refer to _______ .A.the poetB.the readerD.everybody8._______ is a typical feature of Swift's writings.A.Bitter satireB.Elegant styleC.Casual narrationplicated sentence structure9.The statement "It reveals the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life" may well sum up the main theme if Dickens's _______ .A.David CopperfieldB.Bleak HouseC.Great ExpectationsD.Oliver Twist10."Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?…And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you."The above quoted passage is most probably taken from _______ .A.Pride and PrejudiceB.Jane EyreC.Wuthering HeightsD.Great Expectations11.It is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the form of _______ .A.odeB.elegyC.epicD.sonnet12.G.B.Shaw's play Mrs.Warren's Profession is a realistic exposure of the _______ in the English society.A.slum landlordismB.inequality between men and womenD.economic exploitation of women13.In William Blake's poetry, the father(and any other in whom he saw the image of the father such as God, priest, and king)was usually a figure of _______ .A.benevolenceB.admirationC.loveD.tyranny14."'I believe you are made of stone,'he said, clenching his fingers so hard that he broke the fragile cup. …'You seem to forget,' she said,'that cup is not!'"From the above quoted passage, we can find the woman's tone is very _______ .A.sarcasticB.amusingC.sentimentalD.facetious15.The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for _______ .A.material wealthB.spiritual salvationC.universal truthD.self-fulfillment16.Alexander Pope strongly advocated _______, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A.sentimentalismB.romanticismC.idealismD.neoclassicism17.After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet is a woman of _______ .A.simple character and quick witB.simple character and poor understandingD.intricate character and poor understanding18.Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, _______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose," and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.Daniel DefoeB.Samuel RichardsonC.Henry FieldingD.Oliver Goldsmith19."Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew,/Thou mak'st thy knife keen."In the above quotation taken form The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a(n)_______ .A.oxymoronB.punC.simileD.synecdoche20.In Hardy's Wessex novels, there is an apparent _______ touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A.humorousB.romanticC.nostalgicD.sarcastic21."O prince, O chief of many throned powers,"That led th' embattled seraphim to warUnder thy conduct, and in dreadful deedsFearless, endangered Heaven's perpetual King."In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton's Paradise Lost, the phrase "thy conduct" refers to _______conduct.A.Satan'sB.God'sD.Eve's22.We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley's poem "Ode to the West Wind" with all the following terms except_______ .A.tamedB.swiftC.proudD.wild23.In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A."Nature"B."Self-Reliance"C."Divinity School Address"D."The American Scholar"24.In Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," a satanic figure leads the credulous protagonist to a witches' Sabbath in the woods. There he recognizes many pillars of Salem's Puritan society as well as his wife, Faith. The story illustrates Hawthorne's allegorical theme of human evil or what Melville called the "power of _______ ."A.blacknessB.whitenessC.terrorD.hypocrisy25.For Melville, as well as for the reader and _______ , the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.A.AhabB.IshmaelC.StubbD.Starbuck26.Most of the poems in Whitman's Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-mass" and the _______ as well.B.self-relianceC.selfD.life27.Emily Dickinson's poem(441)"This is my letter to the World" expresses the poet's _______ about hercommunication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.joyC.anxietyD.indignation28.Which of the following statements about writers in 1920s is true?A.Mark Twain published his last and most important novel.B.F. Scott Fitzgerald received the Nobel Prize.C.Freudian psychology influenced many modern writers.D.Most writers were politically radical.29.Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympatheticbut more ironic and more _______ .A.rationalB.humorousC.optimisticD.pessimistic30.Mark Twain's first novel _______ , written in collaboration with Charles D. Warner and published in 1873,though not an artistic success, gives its name to the America of the post-Civil War period which it attempts to satirize.A.The Gilded AgeB.The Age of InnocenceC.The Roughing TimeD.The Jazz Age31.Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan andA.The GeniusB.The TycoonC.The StoicD.The Giant32.Daisy Miller's tragedy of indiscretion is intensified and enlarged by its narration from the point of view of_______ .A.the author Henry JamesB.the Italian youth GiovanelliC.the American youth WinterbourneD.her mother Mrs. Miller33.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-centuryFrench literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ________ .A.local colorismB.vernacularismC.modernismD.naturalism34.It is on his _______ that Washington Irving's fame mainly rested.A.childhood recollectionsB.sketches about his European toursC.early poetryD.tales about America35."If honest labor be unremunerative and difficult to endure; if it be the long, long road which never reachesbeauty, but wearies the feet and the heart; if the drag to follow beauty be such that one abandons the admired way, taking rather the despised path leading to her dreams quickly, who shall cast the first stone?"Where is the underlined phrase taken from?ton.C.Shakespeare.D.Hawthorne.36.Most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth-century American literature, or we may say, the second American Renaissance, is the _______ movement.A.transcendentalB.leftistC.expatriateD.expressionistic37.Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms - the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse - with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of _______ farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax.A.SouthernB.WesternC.New HampshireD.New England38.As an autobiographical play, O'Neill's _______ (1956)has gained its status as a world classic andsimultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama.A.The Iceman ComethB.Long Day's Journey Into NightC.The Hairy ApeD.Desire Under the Elms39.Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include _______ , symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A.impressionismB.expressionismC.multiple points of view40.Stylistically, Henry James' fiction is characterized by _______ .A.short, clear sentencesB.abundance of local imagesC.ordinary American speechD.highly refined languageⅡ.Topic Discussion(60 points, 30 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.A possible theme of James Joyce's short story "Araby" is disillusionment. Briefly discuss the symbolism Joyce employs in presenting this theme.50.What makes Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn more than a child's adventure story? Briefly discuss the question from THREE of the following aspects: the setting, the language, the character(s), the theme and the style.。