离散数学双语专业词汇表

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《离散数学》双语专业词汇表

set:集合subset:子集

element, member:成员,元素well-defined:良定,完全确定brace:花括号representation:表示

sensible:有意义的rational number:有理数

empty set:空集Venn diagram:文氏图

contain(in):包含(于)universal set:全集

finite (infinite) set:有限(无限)集cardinality:基数,势

power set:幂集operation on sets:集合运算

disjoint sets:不相交集intersection:交

union:并complement of B with respect to A:A与B的差集symmetric difference:对称差commutative:可交换的associative:可结合的distributive:可分配的idempotent:等幂的de Morgan’s laws:德摩根律

inclusion-exclusion principle:容斥原理sequence:序列

subscript:下标recursive:递归

explicit:显式的string:串,字符串

set corresponding to a sequence:对应于序列的集合

linear array(list):线性表characteristic function:特征函数countable(uncountable):可数(不可数)alphabet:字母表

word:词empty sequence(string):空串

catenation:合并,拼接regular expression:正则表达式division:除法multiple:倍数prime:素(数)

algorithm:算法common divisor:公因子

GCD(greatest common divisor):最大公因子

LCM(least common multiple):最小公倍数

Euclidian algorithm:欧几里得算法,辗转相除法

pseudocode:伪码(拟码)matrix:矩阵square matrix:方阵

row:行column:列

entry(element):元素diagonal matrix:对角阵

Boolean matrix:布尔矩阵join:并

meet:交Boolean product:布尔乘积mathematical structure(system):数学结构(系统)

closed with respect to:对…是封闭的

binary operation:二元运算unary operation:一元运算identity:么元,单位元inverse:逆元

statement, proposition:命题logical connective:命题联结词compound statement:复合命题propositional variable:命题变元negation:否定(式)truth table:真值表conjunction:合取disjunction:析取

quantifier:量词universal quantification:全称量词化propositional function:命题公式predicate:谓词

existential quantification:存在量词化converse:逆命题conditional statement, implication:条件式,蕴涵式

consequent, conclusion:结论,后件

contrapositive:逆否命题hypothesis:假设,前提,前件biconditional, equivalence:双条件式,等价

logically equivalent:(逻辑)等价的contingency:可满足式tautology:永真(重言)式contradiction, absurdity:永假(矛盾)式logically follow:是…的逻辑结论rules of reference:推理规则modus ponens:肯定律m odus tollens:否定律

indirect method:间接证明法proof by contradiction:反证法counterexample;反例basic step:基础步

principle of mathematical induction:(第一)数学归纳法

induction step:归纳步strong induction:第二数学归纳法

relation:关系digraph:有向图

ordered pair:有序对,序偶product set, Caretesian set:叉积,笛partition, quotient set:划分,商集block, cell:划分块,单元domain:定义域range:值域

R-relative set:R相关集vertex(vertices):结点,顶点edge:边in-degree:入度

out-degree:出度path:通路,路径

cycle:回路connectivity relation:连通性关系reachability relation:可达性关系composition:复合

reflexive:自反的irreflexive:反自反的

empty relation:空关系symmetric:对称的asymmetric:非对称的antisymmetric:反对称的graph:无向图undirected edge:无向边adjacent vertices:邻接结点connected:连通的

transitive:传递的equivalent relation:等价关系congruent to:与…同余modulus:模

equivalence class:等价类linked list:链表

storage cell:存储单元pointer:指针

complementary relation:补关系inverse:逆关系

closure:闭包symmetric closure:对称闭包reflexive closure:自反闭包composition:关系的复合transitive closure:传递闭包Warshal’s algorithm:Warshall算法

function, mapping, transformation:函数,映射,变换

argument:自变量value, image:值,像,应变量labeled digraph:标记有向图identity function on A:A上的恒等函数everywhere defined:处处有定义的onto:到上函数,满射

one to one:单射,一对一函数

bijection, one-to-one correspondence:双射,一一对应

invertible function:可逆函数floor function:下取整函数ceiling function:上取整函数Boolean function:布尔函数

base 2 exponential function:以2为底的指数函数

logarithm function to the base n:以n为底的对数

hashing function:杂凑函数key:键

growth of function:函数增长same order:同阶

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