英语名词性从句知识点复习修正版

英语名词性从句知识点复习

一、概述

在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。(主语从句)

The trouble is that she has lost his address. 麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。（表语从句）

They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他们不知道他去什么地方了。（同位语从句）

Do you remember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么？（宾语从句）

二、语序

名词性从句要采用陈述句语序.。连接词+主语+谓语+其他

三、时态的呼应

名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况：

（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约。

I wonder why Jenny hasn’t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。

You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

你对我的新装还没说怎么样呢，喜欢吗？

I’m sorry I didn’t say anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

对不起，我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。

（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前，过去完成时、过去完成进行时或一般过去时。

The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen. 警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷

She said she had been waiting for me for a long time.她说她等了我很长时间。（3）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。

I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。

I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。

（4）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。

We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon. 当他宣布他不久就要离职时，我们都很吃惊。

They said they would be listening to a report on current affairs.

他说他们将听关于时事的报告。

（5）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。

Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克问露斯她多大了。

The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老师说太阳从东方升起。

（6）如果主句的谓语动词是suggest,insist,propose,order,command,demand,request,ruquire

等，那么从句要用虚拟语气，其形式为；（should）+动词原形

四、主语从句(subject clauses)

1、概述

在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。

That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。

What he said is true. 他说的是真的。

Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party?

你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？

2、it作形式主语引导主语从句。

如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。

用作it作形式主语的结构：

（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句

It’s natural that…很自然…… It’s obvious that …显而易见……

It’s fortunate that …幸运的是 It’s (im)possible…（不）可能……

It’s unlikely that…不可能 It’s strange that…奇怪的是……（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句

It’s a pity that…遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是……

It’s good news that…是好消息…… It’s a wonder that…不足为奇……

It’s an honour that…非常荣幸…… It’s a shame that…真是可耻……

It’s common knowledge that …是常识…

（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句

It seems that…似乎…… It happened that…碰巧……

It appears that…看来…… It turns out that…结果……

（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句

It’s not known that………不得而知 It’s said that…据说……

It’s reported that…据报道…… It’s decided that…尚未决定

It’s believed that…据认为…… It’s announced that…据宣布……

It suddenly struck me (occur to me that…我突然想到（感觉到）……

（5）其他

It doesn’t matter …是无关紧要的

It makes no difference …毫无区别……

It is of little consequence that…无关紧要

It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。

It's strange that he didn't come yesterday. 他昨天没来是很奇怪的。

It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.

据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。

It is said that there was a terrible plane crash this morning.

据说今天早上有一起可怕的飞机坠毁事故。

*、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况。

（1）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时，主语从句不可提前，用引导词it作形式主语。