雅思真题10Test1Test2答案
剑桥雅思10听力解析10-1-2
3.refurbished=improved
4.gym=fitness suite
5.describe=give details of
6.be given=entitle
7.priorities=booking preferences
14题90%的学生做错且填写得答案是trainer：题干问在你使用任何器械之前什么将会被解释给你听：The safety rules will be explained to you=原文：the trainer will take you through the safety rules，教练将会带你了解安全规则，所以答案为safetyrules而不是trainer。
8个单句填空是难点，且8题中有5题出现了主动与被动句式的替换，坑倒了一片烤鸭，也警示各位考生以后复习一定要注意主动句与被动句的替换现象。单句填空一定会出现替换改写，较简单的是单词替换单词，难的是句子替换单词以及句子替换句子这种，要求学生在理解题干的基础上再能听懂原文才做得对，难度较大。
13、16和20题较简单，较好定位所填单词也不难，注意横线前的改写，注意复数即可；14、15，17-19这五题较难，因为全部出现了主动与被动之间的替换，且还有空前单词的改写，需特别注意。
考点解析：
本份材料已把每题的考点、各种题型的陷阱、干扰信息分析清楚，对于做错题又不明白为什么的考生具有很大的参考性。
同义替换替换总结：
雅思听力本质即同义替换改写，考察学生的语言理解能力。死记硬背不如自己理解后积累有效果，所以做听力分析时要养成积累替换改写的习惯，学着自己去积累，然后再与本份材料进行核对，看哪一些是自己没发现的漏洞，查缺补漏效果更好！
剑桥雅思10答案 烤鸭
剑桥雅思10答案烤鸭ListeningPART 1 Questions 1-101. the........ Room - seats 100 [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Charlton)2.£ ........... + £250 deposit [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：2. 115/a/one hundred (and) fifteen) 3........ payment is required [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：cash)4. Cost includes use of tables and chairs and also.......... [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：parking)5. Will need a......... licence [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：music)6. Need to contact caretaker (Mr Evans) in advance to arrange ....... [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：entry)7. The band should use the....... door at the back [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：stage)8. Need to know the...... for the cleaning cupboard [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：code)9. The........ must be washed and rubbish placed in black bags [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：floor/floors)10. All........ must be taken down [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：decoration/decorations)PART 2 Questions 11-2011. In Shona’s opinion, why do fewer people use buses in Barford these days? [单选题] *A. The buses are old and uncomfortable.B. Fares have gone up too much.C. There are not so many bus routes.(正确答案)12. What change in the road network is known to have benefited the town most? [单选题] *A. the construction of a bypassB. the development of cycle paths(正确答案)C. the banning of cars from certain streets13. What is the problem affecting shopping in the town centre? [单选题] *lack of parking spaceslack of major retailers(正确答案)lack of restaurants and cafes14. What does Shona say about medical facilities in Barford? [单选题] *A. There is no hospital.(正确答案)B. New medical practices are planned.C. The number of dentists is too low.15. The largest number of people are employed in [单选题] *A. manufacturing.B. services.C. education.(正确答案)16. railway station car park [单选题] *A. It will move to a new location.B. It will have its opening hours extended.C. It will be refurbished.D. It will be used for a different purpose.E. It will have its opening hours reduced.F. It will have new management.G. It will be expanded.(正确答案)17. cinema [单选题] *A. It will move to a new location.(正确答案)B. It will have its opening hours extended.C. It will be refurbished.D. It will be used for a different purpose.E. It will have its opening hours reduced.F. It will have new management.G. It will be expanded.18. indoor market [单选题] *A. It will move to a new location.B. It will have its opening hours extended.C. It will be refurbished.(正确答案)D. It will be used for a different purpose.E. It will have its opening hours reduced.F. It will have new management.G. It will be expanded.19. library [单选题] *A. It will move to a new location.B. It will have its opening hours extended.(正确答案)C. It will be refurbished.D. It will be used for a different purpose.E. It will have its opening hours reduced.F. It will have new management.G. It will be expanded.20. nature reserve [单选题] *A. It will move to a new location.B. It will have its opening hours extended.C. It will be refurbished.D. It will be used for a different purpose.E. It will have its opening hours reduced.F. It will have new management.(正确答案)G. It will be expanded.38. What is the feature of buildings in sunny, dry areas? [单选题] *A. few windows, steep pitched roofsB. small windows, flat roofs(正确答案)C. few windows, low pitched roofs39. What is the technique of constructing stone buildings? [单选题] *A. combination with traditional building materials for durabilityB. posts should be placed across lintelsC. the distance between two columns should be limited within twice the width(正确答案)40. Why is arch structure so popular in architecture? [单选题] *A. The wider span and the keystone at the top provide durable strength.(正确答案)B. It occupies less space than a column and beam.C. It was first used by Roman and proved to be remarkably strong.READING PASSAGE 1: The Rufous Hare-Wallaby1. In the past: total population was up to __________ in desert and semi-desert regions. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：10/ten million)2. Later: populations of the mala were destroyed by __________. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：cats and foxes)3. In the 1970s and 1980s: scientists __________ the colonies. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：monitored)4. In 1991: the other colony was destroyed by __________. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：(a) wildfire)5. At last: the wild mala was declared __________. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：extinct)6. At what age can female malas start breeding? [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：5/five months old)7. How long do young malas stay inside their mother’s pouch? [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：(about) 15/fifteen weeks)8. Apart from being a food source, what value did malas have for the Yapa people? [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：(strong) medicinal powers)9. What was the Yapa’s lasting contribution to the mala reintroduction programme? [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：skills and knowledge)10. Natural defences were sufficient to protect the area called Mala Paddock. [单选题] *FALSE(正确答案)TRUENOT GIVEN11. Scientists eventually gave up their efforts to release captive mala into the unprotected wild. [单选题] *FALSETRUE(正确答案)NOT GIVEN12. The mala population which was transferred to Dryandra Woodland quickly increased in size. [单选题] *FALSETRUENOT GIVEN(正确答案)13. Scientists were satisfied with the results of the recovery programme. [单选题] *FALSE(正确答案)TRUENOT GIVEN20-21. Which TWO of the following statements are TRUE of the study described in Paragraphs B and C? *A. It measured brain responses to listening and speaking.B. Participants were asked to copy voices they had heard before.(正确答案)C. Regional and foreign speakers of English were specially hired.D. Participants could choose any words from a nursery rhyme.E. There is less activity in the LIFG when people use their normal voices.(正确答案)22. In the future, the writer plans to ask .................... to impersonate voices. [填空题] * _________________________________(答案：professional voice artists/the professionals)23. Investigations into the production of speech sounds from other languages will be supported by funding from .................... . [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：(the) Royal Society)24. It has been found that ......... produce more laughter than situations that are intended to be funny. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：everyday conversations)25-26. Which TWO of the following statements are TRUE of the study on laughing? *A. Participants were recorded laughing in two different ways.B. Participants heard other sounds as well as laughters.(正确答案)C. Participants were unaware of the focus of the study.(正确答案)D. False laughter resulted in weaker brain responses than real laughter.E. Participants were equally able to tell the difference between real and false laughter.READING PASSAGE 3: Unlocking James Lovelock, Science’s Greatest Maverick27. What point does the writer make about Lovelock in the first paragraph? [单选题] *A. There have been a number of exhibitions of his work.B. His most important work points to a solution to environmental problems.(正确答案)C. There is disagreement as to what his most important work has been.D. He deserves to be more widely known than he is.28. The writer says that the items in Lovelock’s archive [单选题] *A. took the museum a long time to organise.B. include many things that were not considered for the exhibition.C. show how varied his scientific work has been.(正确答案)D. contain information about him that was not known previously.29. The writer says in the third paragraph that the electron capture detector [单选题] *A. looks like something home-made rather than manufactured.(正确答案)B. looks more sophisticated than it really is.C. looks like something modern rather than something old-fashioned.D. looks similar to other inventions of Lovelock.30. When talking about his creation of the ECD device, Lovelock [单选题] *A. expresses surprise at what he was able to achieve alone.B. emphasises that he was not typical of scientists at that time.C. regrets that scientific work of that kind is no longer common.(正确答案)D. recalls how hard it was for him to complete the work.31. Lovelock began to develop a detector to harmful chemicals which had far greater.................... than detectors that existed at the time. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：sensitivity)32. His electron capture detector (ECD) was able to detect things that did damage tothe .................... . [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：atmosphere)33. After creating his ECD, it was some years before he was certain of the .................... of the detector. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：accuracy)34. He then created a new version, which was able to detect the presence of .................... . [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：pesticides)35. which were involved in processes such as.................... and other industrial processes. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：refrigeration)36. This discovery contributed to the decision to gradually stop producing, which began at the end of .................... . [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：1970s)37. In her Silent Spring, Rachel Carson expressed her disapproval of the random use n of pesticides. [单选题] *A. YES(正确答案)B. NOC. NOT GIVEN38. Many critics of Lovelock’s work accepted the evidence supplied by Daisyworld. [单选题] *A. YESB. NOC. NOT GIVEN(正确答案)39. Gaia was the first example of Earth system science. [单选题] *A. YES(正确答案)B. NOC. NOT GIVEN40. In his book A Rough Ride to the Future, Lovelock says that the steam engine time is the period when human had little effect on the environment. [单选题] *A. YESB. NO(正确答案)C. NOT GIVEN。
剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲（test1）
剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲(test1)雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是小编给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译解析(test1)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。
剑桥雅思阅读10原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13，which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.StepwellsA millennium ago, stepwells were fundamental to life in the driest parts of India. Richard Cox travelled to north-western India to document these spectacular monuments from a bygone era During the sixth and seventh centuries, the inhabitants of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in north-western India developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation. However, the significance of this invention —the stepwell —goes beyond its utilitarian application.Unique to this region, stepwells are often architecturally complex and vary widely in size and shape. During their heyday, they were places of gathering, of leisure and relaxation and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes. Most stepwells are found dotted round the desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are called baori), while a few also survive in Delhi. Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; others were positioned beside roads as resting places for travellers.As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps descending from ground level to the water source (normally an underground aquifer) as it recedes following the rains. When the water level was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated.Some wells are vast, open craters with hundreds of steps paving each sloping side, often in tiers. Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys. Built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat. But perhaps the most impressive features are the intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair or churning butter.Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout north?western India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse; many are derelict and dry, as groundwater has been diverted for industrial use and the wells no longer reach the water table. Their condition hasn’t been helped by recent dry spells: southern Rajasthan suffered an eight-year drought between 1996 and 2004.However, some important sites in Gujarat have recently undergone major restoration, and the state government announced in June last year that it plans to restore the stepwells throughout the state.In Patan, the state’s ancient capital, the stepwell of Rani Ki Vav (Queen’s Stepwell) is perhaps the finest current example. It was built by Queen Udayamati during the late 11th century, but became silted up following a flood during the 13th century. Butthe Archaeological Survey of India began restoring it in the 1960s, and today it is in pristine condition. At 65 metres long, 20 metres wide and 27 metres deep, Rani Ki Vav features 500 sculptures carved into niches throughout the monument. Incredibly, in January 2001, this ancient structure survived an earthquake that measured 7.6 on the Richter scale.Another example is the Surya Kund in Modhera, northern Gujarat, next to the Sun Temple, built by King Bhima I in 1026 to honour the sun god Surya. It actually resembles a tank (kund means reservoir or pond) rather than a well, but displays the hallmarks of stepwell architecture, including four sides of steps that descend to the bottom in a stunning geometrical formation. The terraces house 108 small, intricately carved shrines between the sets of steps.Rajasthan also has a wealth of wells. The ancient city of Bundi, 200 kilometres south of Jaipur, is renowned for its architecture, including its stepwells.One of the larger examples is Raniji Ki Baori，which was built by the queen of the region, Nathavatji, in 1699. At 46 metres deep, 20 metres wide and 40 metres long, the intricately carved monument is one of 21 baoris commissioned in the Bundi area by Nathavatji.In the old ruined town of Abhaneri, about 95 kilometres east of Jaipur, is Chand Baori, one of India’s oldest and deepest wells; aesthetically it’s perhaps one of the most dramatic. Built in around 850 AD next to the temple of Harshat Mata, the baori comprises hundreds of zigzagging steps that run along three of its sides, steeply descending 11 storeys, resulting in a striking pattern when seen from afar. On the fourth side, verandas which are supported by ornate pillars overlook the steps.Still in public use is Neemrana Ki Baori, located just off the Jaipur-Delhi highway. Constructed in around 1700, it is nine storeys deep, with the last two being underwater. At ground level, there are 86 colonnaded openings from where the visitor descends 170 steps to the deepest water source.Today, following years of neglect, many of these monuments to medieval engineering have been saved by the Archaeological Survey of India, which has recognised the importance of preserving them as part of the country’s rich history. T ourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of north?-western India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from hundreds of years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.Questions 1-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.2 Stepwells had a range of functions, in addition to those related to water collection.3 The few existing stepwells in Delhi are more attractive than those found elsewhere.4 It took workers many years to build the stone steps characteristic of stepwells.5 The number of steps above the water level in a stepwellaltered during the course of a year.Questions 6-8Answer the questions below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 6-8 on your answer sheet6 Which part of some stepwells provided shade for people?7 What type of serious climatic event, which took place in southern Rajasthan, is mentioned in the article?8 Who are frequent visitors to stepwells nowadays?Questions 9-13Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheetStepwell Date Features Other notesRani Ki Vav Late11thcentury As many as 500 sculptures decorate the monument Restored in the 1960sExcellent condition, despite the 9 _______ of 2001Surya Kund 1026 Steps on the10 ______ produce ageometrical patternCarved shrines Looks more like a 11 _______than a wellRaniji Ki Baori 1699 Intricately carved monument One of 21 baoris in the area commissioned by Queen Nathavatji Chand Baori 850 AD Steps take you down 11 storeys to the bottom Old, deep and very dramaticHas 12 _____ whichprovide a view of the stepsNeemrana Ki Baori 1700 Has two 13 ______levels Used by public todayREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-21Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E and G-I from the list of headings below.Write the correct number，i-xi, in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheetList of Headingsi A fresh and important long-term goalii Charging for roads and improving other transport methods iii Changes affecting the distances goods may be transportediv Taking all the steps necessary to change transport patterns v The environmental costs of road transportvi The escalating cost of rail transportvii The need to achieve transport rebalanceviii The rapid growth of private transportix Plans to develop major road networksx Restricting road use through charging policies alonexi Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admission14 Paragraph A 19 Paragraph G15 Paragraph B 20 Paragraph H16 Paragraph C 21 Paragraph I17 Paragraph D18 Paragraph EExample AnswerParagraph F viiEUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS1990-2010What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?A It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. There are two key factors behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.B As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production. In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a ‘stock’ economy to a ‘flow’ economy. This phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.C The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic. In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries inherited a transport systemwhich encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998，road haulage increased by 19.4%, while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43.5%, although — and this could benefit the enlarged EU — it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member states.D However, a new imperative — sustainable development —offers an opportunity for adapting the EU’s common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be in place in 30 years’ time, that is by 2040.E In 1998，energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2，the leading greenhouse gas. According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990. Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport. Using alternative fuels and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.F At the same time greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration infavour of road. This has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing marginalisation, with just 8% of market share, and with international goods trains struggling along at an average speed of 18km/h. Three possible options have emerged.G The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. This option would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport. In the short term it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport. However, the lack of measures available to revitalise other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable modes of transport to take up the baton.H The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by measures to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology). However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion. It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion’s share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes. It is therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance.I The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network. This integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return to their 1998 levels and thus makea shift of balance. It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.Questions 22-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this22 The need for transport is growing, despite technological developments.23 To reduce production costs, some industries have been moved closer to their relevant consumers.24 Cars are prohibitively expensive in some EU candidate countries.25 The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.26 By the end of this decade, CO2 emissions from transport are predicted to reach 739 billion tonnes.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The psychology of innovationWhy are so few companies truly innovative?Innovation is key to business survival，and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centres designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s values makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company. Studies at Harvard Business School show that, although some individuals may be more creative than others, almost every individual can be creative in the right circumstances.One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’roll emphasises Ciaidini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hi dden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionise popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.The value fit matters, says Cialdini, because innovation is, in part, a process of change, and under that pressure we, as a species，behave differently, ‘When things change, we are hard-wired to play it safe.’ Managers should therefore adopt an approach that appears counter?intuitive — they should explainwhat stands to be lost if the company fails to seize a particular opportunity. Studies show that we invariably take more gambles when threatened with a loss than when offered a reward.Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s eas y for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be better than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the genetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded because they were aware that they weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’Teamwork taps into one of the basic drivers of human behaviour. ‘The principle of social proof is so pervasive that we don’t even recognise it,’ says Cialdini. ‘If your project is beingresisted, for example, by a group of veteran employees, ask another old-timer to speak up for it.’ Cialdini is not alone in advocating this strategy. Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speec h.Writing, visualising and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packets encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Com Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. The wrong kind of leadership will lead to what Cialdini calls ‘captainitis, the regrettable tendency of team members to opt out of team responsibilities that are properly theirs’. He calls it captainitis because, he says, ‘crew members of multipilot aircraft exhibit a sometimes deadly passivity when the flight captain makes a clearly wrong-headed decision’. This behaviour is not, he says, unique to air travel, but can happen in any workplace where the leader is overbearing.At the other end of the scale is the 1980s Memphis design collective, a group of young designers for whom ‘the only rule was that there were no rules’. This environment encouraged a free interchange of ideas, which led to more creativity with form, function, colour and materials that revolutionised attitudes to furniture design.Many theorists believe the ideal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and givingcredit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should en courage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important to making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognising these psychological realities.Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point aboutA recognising talent.B working as a team.C having a shared objective.D being an effective leader.28 James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover the DNA code because theyA were conscious of their own limitations.B brought complementary skills to their partnership.C were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.D encouraged each other to realise their joint ambition.29 The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example of how toA inspire creative thinking.B generate concise writing.C promote loyalty to a group.D strengthen commitment to an idea.30 In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it isimportant for employees toA be aware of their company’s goals.B feel that their contributions are valued.C have respect for their co-workers’ achievements.D understand why certain management decisions are made.Questions 31-35Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet31 Employees whose values match those of their employers are more likely to32 At times of change, people tend to33 If people are aware of what they might lose, they will often34 People working under a dominant boss are liable to35 Employees working in organisations with few rules are more likely toA take chances.B share their ideas.C become competitive.D get promotion.E avoid risk.F ignore their duties.G remain in their jobs.Questions 36-40Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinksabout this36 The physical surroundings in which a person works play a key role in determining their creativity.37 Most people have the potential to be creative.38 Teams work best when their members are of equally matched intelligence.39 It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative.40 A manager’s approval of an idea is more persuasive than that of a colleague.剑桥雅思阅读10原文参考译文(test1)Passage 1 参考译文：梯水井一千年前，对存活于印度最干旱的地区的生命来说，阶梯水丼是非常重要的。
雅思10真题Reading10-TEST1
Candidate NumberCambridge IELTS 10 – Test 1 Academic ReadingSA TURDA Y 1 hourAdditional materials:Answer sheet for Listening and ReadingTime 1 hourINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDA TESDo not open this question paper until you are told to do so.Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.Answer all the questions.Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet. INFORMA TION FOR CANDIDA TESThere are 40 questions on this question paper.Each question carries one mark.___________________________________________________________________READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on pages 2 and 3.BovidsThe family of mammals called bovids belongs to the Artiodactyl class, which also includes giraffes. Bovids are highly diverse group consisting of 137 species, some of which are man’s most important domestic animals.Bovids are well represented in most parts of Eurasia and Southeast Asian islands, but they are by far the most numerous and diverse in the latter. Some species of bovid are solitary, but others live in large groups with complex social structures. Although bovids have adapted to a wide range of habitats, from arctic tundra to deep tropical forest, the majority of species favour open grassland, scrub or desert. This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of West Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m.Despite differences in size and appearance, bovids are united by the possession of certain common features. All species are ruminants, which means that they retain undigested food in their stomachs, and regurgitate it as necessary. Bovids are almost exclusively herbivorous*. Typically their teeth are highly modified for browsing and grazing: grass or foliage is cropped with the upper lip and lowerincisors** (the upper incisors are usually absent), and then ground down by the cheek teeth. As well as having cloven, or split, hooves, the males of all bovid species and the females of most carry horns. Bovid horns have bony cores covered in a sheath of horny material that is constantly renewed from within; they are unbranched and never shed. They vary in shape and size: the relatively simple horns of a large Indian buffalo may measure around 4 m from tip to tip along the outer curve, while the various gazelles have horns with a variety of elegant curves.Five groups, or sub-families, may be distinguished: Bovinae, Antelope, Caprinae, Cephalophinae and Antilocapridae. The sub-family Bovinae comprises most of the larger bovids, including the African bongo, and nilgae, eland, bison and cattle. Unlike most other bovids they are all non-territorial. The ancestors of the various species of domestic cattle banteng, gaur, yak and water buffalo are generally rare and endangered in the wild, while the auroch (the ancestor of the domestic cattle of Europe) is extinct.*herbivorous: plant-eatingThe term ‘antelope’ is not a very precise zoological name – it is used to loosely describe a number of bovids that have followed different lines of development. Antelopes are typically long-legged, fast-running species, often with long horns that may be laid along the back when the animal is in full flight. There are two main sub-groups of antelope: Hippotraginae, which includes the oryx and the addax, and Antilopinae, which generally contains slighter and more graceful animals such as gazelle and the springbok. Antelopes are mainly grassland species, but many have adapted to flooded grasslands: pukus, waterbucks and lechwes are all good at swimming, usually feeding in deep water, while the sitatunga has long, splayed hooves that enable it to walk freely on swampy ground.The sub-family Caprinae includes the sheep and the goat, together with various relatives such as the goral and the tahr. Most are woolly or have long hair. Several species, such as wild goats, chamois and ibex, are agile cliff – and mountain-dwellers. Tolerance of extreme conditions is most marked in this group: Barbary and bighorn sheep have adapted to arid deserts, while Rocky Mountain sheep survive high up in mountains and musk oxen in arctic tundra.The duiker of Africa belongs to the Cephalophinae sub-family. It is generally small and solitary, often living in thick forest. Although mainly feeding on grass and leaves, some duikers – unlike most other bovids –are believed to eat insects and feed on dead animal carcasses, and even to kill small animals.The pronghorn is the sole survivor of a New World sub-family of herbivorous ruminants, the Antilocapridae in North America. It is similar in appearance and habits to the Old World antelope. Although greatly reduced in numbers since the arrival of Europeans, and the subsequent enclosure of grasslands, the pronghorn is still found in considerable numbers throughout North America, from Washington State to Mexico. When alarmed by the approach of wolves or other predators, hairs on the pronghorn’s rump stand erect, so showing and emphasising the white patch there. At this signal, the whole herd gallops off at speed of over 60 km per hour.Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 In which region is the biggest range of bovids to be found?A AfricaB EurasiaC North AmericaD South-east Asia2Most bovids have a preference for living inA isolationB small groupsC tropical forestD wide open spaces3 Which of the following features do all bovids have in common?A Their horns are shotB They have upper incisorsC They store food in the bodyD Their hooves are undividedLook at the following characteristics (Question 4-8) and the list of sub-families below. Match each characteristic with the correct sub-family, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once4can endure very harsh environments5includes the ox and the cow6may supplement its diet with meat78Question 9-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.9What is the smallest species of Bovid called?10Which species of Bovinae has now died out?11What facilitates the movement of the sitatunga over wetland?12What sort of terrain do barbary sheep live in?13What is the only living member of the Antilocapridae sub-family?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14 – 26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on pages 6 and 7.Photovoltaics on the rooftopA natural choice for powering the family homeQuestion 14 – 19Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs A – IWhich paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A – I in boxes 14 – 19 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once14 examples of countries where electricity use is greater during the day than at night15 a detailed description of an experiment that led to photovoltaics being promotedthroughout the country16 the negative effects of using conventional means of generating electricity17 an explanation of the photovoltaics system18 the long-term benefits of using photovoltaics19 a reference to wealthy countries being prepared to help less wealthy countrieshave access to photovoltaicsQuestions 20 – 26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 20 – 26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this20 Photovoltaics are used to store electricity.21 Since the 1970s, the US government has provided continuous support for the useof photovoltaics on homes.22 The solar-powered houses on Rokko Island are uninhabited.23 In 1994, the Japanese government was providing half the money required forinstalling photovoltaics on homes.24 Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Australia all have strict goals with regard togreenhouse gas emissions.25 Residential electricity use is the major source of greenhouse gas emission.26 Energy-saving measures must now be included in the design of all new homesand improvements to buildings.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on pages 12 and 13.Questions 27 – 31Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections B-F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.272829 Section D 30Section E 31Section FHow should reading be taught?By Keith Rayner an Barbara R FoormanA Learning to speak is automatic for almost all children, but learning to read requireselaborate instruction and conscious effort. Well aware of the difficulties, educators have given a great deal of thought to how they can best help children learn to read.No single method has triumphed. Indeed, heated arguments about the mostappropriate form of reading instruction continue to polarise the teachingcommunity.B Three general approaches have been tried. In one, called whole-word instruction,children learn by rote how to recognise at a glance a vocabulary of 50 to 100 words.Then they gradually acquire other words, often through seeing them used over and over again in the context of a story.Speakers of most languages learn the relationship between letters and the sounds associated with them (phonemes). That is, children are taught how to use theirknowledge of the alphabet to sound out words. This procedure constitutes asecond approach to teaching reading – phonics.Many schools have adopted a different approach: the whole-language method. The strategy here relies on the child’s experience with language. For example, students are offered engaging books and are encouraged to guess the words that they donot know by considering the context of the sentence or by looking for clues in thestoryline and illustrations, rather than trying to sound them out.Many teachers adopted the whole-language approach because of its intuitiveappeal. Making reading fun promises to keep children motivated, and learning toread depends more on what the student does than on what the teacher does. The presumed benefits of whole-language instruction – and the contrast to theperceived dullness of phonics – led to its growing acceptance across Americaduring the 1990s, and a movement away from phonics.C However, many linguists and psychologists objected strongly to the abandonmentof phonics in American schools. Why was this so? In short, because research had clearly demonstrated that understanding how letters related to the componentsounds in words is critically important in reading. This conclusion rests, in part, on knowledge of how experienced readers make sense of words on a page.Advocates of whole-language instruction have argued forcefully that people oftenderive meanings directly from print without ever determining the sound of the word.Some psychologists today accept this view, but most believe that reading istypically a process of rapidly sounding out words mentally. Compelling evidence for this comes from experiments which show that subjects often confuse homophones (words that sound the same, such as ‘rose’ and ‘rows’). This supports the idea that readers convert strings of letters to sounds.D In order to evaluate different approaches to teaching reading, a number ofexperiments have been carried out, firstly with college students, then with schoolpupils. Investigators trained English-speaking college students to read usingunfamiliar symbols such as Arabic letters (the phonics approach), while anothergroup learned entire words associated with certain strings of Arabic letters(whole-word). Then both groups were required to read a new set of wordsconstructed from the original characters. In general, readers who were taught the rules of phonics could read many more new words than those trained with awhole-word procedure.Classroom studies comparing phonics with either whole-word or whole-language instruction are also quite illuminating. One particularly persuasive study compared two programmes used in 20 first-grade classrooms. Half the students were offered traditional reading instruction, which included the use of phonics drills andapplications. The other half were taught using an individualised method that drew from their experiences with language; these children produced their own booklets of stories and developed sets of words to be recognised (common components of the whole-language approach). This study found that the first group scored higher at year’s end on tests of reading and comprehension.E If researchers are so convinced about the need for phonics instruction, why doesthe debate continue? Because the controversy is enmeshed in the philosophicaldifferences between traditional and progressive (or new) approaches, differences that have divided educators for years. The progressives challenge the results oflaboratory tests and classroom studies on the basis of a broad philosophicalscepticism about the values of such research. They champion student-centredlearning and teacher empowerment. Sadly, they fail to realise that these veryadmirable educational values are equally consistent with the teaching of phonics.F If schools of education insisted that would-be reading teachers learned somethingabout the vast research in linguistics and psychology that bears on reading, theirgraduates would be more eager to use phonics and would be prepared to do soeffectively. They could allow their pupils to apply the principles of phonics whilereading for pleasure. Using whole-language activities to supplement phonicsinstruction certainly helps to make reading fun and meaningful for children, so no one would want to see such tools discarded. Indeed, recent work has indicated that the combination of literature-based instruction and phonics is more powerful than either method used alone.Teachers need to strike a balance. But in doing so, we urge them to remember that reading must be grounded in a firm understanding of the connections betweenletters and sounds. Educators who deny this reality are neglecting decades ofresearch. They are also neglecting the needs of their students.Questions 32 – 36Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this32The whole-language approach relates letters to sounds.33Many educators believe the whole-language approach to be the most interesting way to teach children to read.34Research supports the theory that we read without linking words to sounds.35Research has shown that the whole-word approach is less effective than the whole-language approach.36Research has shown that phonics is more successful than both the whole-word and whole-language approaches.Questions 37 – 40Complete the summary of sections E and F using the list of words, A-G, below.is incompatible39………………。
剑桥雅思阅读10真题解析（test2）
剑桥雅思阅读10真题解析(test2)雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是店铺给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读10真题解析(test2)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。
剑桥雅思阅读10原文(test2)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number，i-ix，in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheetList of Headingsi The search for the reasons for an increase in populationii Industrialisation and the fear of unemploymentiii The development of cities in Japaniv The time and place of the Industrial Revolutionv The cases of Holland, France and Chinavi Changes in drinking habits in Britainvii Two keys to Britain’s industrial revolutionviii Conditions required for industrialisationix Comparisons with Japan lead to the answer1 Paragraph A2 Paragraph B3 Paragraph C4 Paragraph D5 Paragraph E6 Paragraph F7 Paragraph GTea and the Industrial RevolutionA Cambridge professor says that a change in drinking babits was the reason for the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Anjana Abuja reportsA Alan Macfarlane, professor of anthropological science at King’s College, Cambridge, has, like other historians, spent decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution. Why did this particular Big Bang — the world-changing birth of industry — happen in Britain? And why did it strike at the end of the 18th century?B Macfarlane compares the puzzle to a combination lock. ‘There are about 20 different factors and all of them need to be present before the revolution can happen,’ he says. For industry to take off, there needs to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labour, easy transport to move goods around, an affluent middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy and a political system that allows this to happen. While this was the case for England, other nations, such as Japan, the Netherlands and France also met some of these criteria but were not industrialising. ‘All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to c ause the revolution,’ says Macfarlane. ‘After all, Holland had everything except coal while China also had many of these factors. Most historians are convinced there are one or two missing factors that you need to open the lock.’C The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found in almost even kitchen curpboard. Tea and beer, two of the nation’sfavourite drinks, fuelled the revolution. The antiseptic properties of tannin, the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer — plus the fact that both are made with boiled water — allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery. The theory sounds eccentric but once he starts to explain the detective work that went into his deduction, the scepticism gives way to wary admiration. Macfarlane’s case has been strengthened by support from notable quarters — Roy Porter, the distinguished medical historian, recently wrote a favourable appraisal of his research.D Macfarlane had wondered for a long time how the Industrial Revolution came about. Historians had alighted on one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation. Between about 1650 and 1740，the population in Britain was static. But then there was a burst in population growth. Macfarlane says: ‘The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes. People suggested four possible causes. Was there a sudden change in the viruses and bacteria around? Unlikely. Was there a revolution in medical science? But this was a century before Lister’s revolution_ Was there a change in environmental conditions? There were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria, but these were small gains. Sanitation did not become widespread until the 19th century. The only option left is food. But the height and weight statistics show a decline. So the food must have got worse. Efforts to explain this sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank.’E This population burst seemed to happen at just the right time to provide labour for the Industrial Revolution. ‘When youstart moving towards an industrial revolution, it is economically efficient to have people living close together,’ says Macfarlane. ‘But then you get disease, particularly from human waste.’ Some digging around in historical records revealed that there was a change in the incidence of water-borne disease at that time, especially dysentery. Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must have been important in regulating disease. He says, ‘We drank beer. For a long time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to help preserve the beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again. Then it suddenly dropped again. What caused this?’F Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities about the same time, and also had no sanitation. Water-borne diseases had a much looser grip on the Japanese population than those in Britain. Could it be the prevalence of tea in their culture? Macfarlane then noted that the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary coincidence of dates. Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started a direct clipper trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the time that infant mortality was dipping, the drink was common. Macfarlane guessed that the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea meant that the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation sipped tea like the British, which, by Macfarla ne’s logic, pushed these other countries out of contention for the revolution.G But, if tea is a factor in the combination lock, why didn’tJapan forge ahead in a tea-soaked industrial revolution of its own? Macfarlane notes that even though 17th-century Japan had large cities, high literacy rates, even a futures market, it had turned its back on the essence of any work-based revolution by giving up labour-saving devices such as animals, afraid that they would put people out of work. So, the nation that we now think of as one of the most technologically advanced entered the 19th century having ‘abandoned the wheel’._oseph Lister was the first doctor to use antiseptic techniques during surgical operations to prevent infections.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8 China’s transport system was not suitable for industry in the 18th century.9 Tea and beer both helped to prevent dysentery in Britain.10 Roy Porter disagrees with Professor Macfarlane’s findings.11 After 1740，there was a reduction in population in Britain.12 People in Britain used to make beer at home.13 The tax on malt indirectly caused a rise in the death rate.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Gifted children and learningA Internationally, ‘giftedness’ is most frequentlydetermined by a score on a general intelligence test, known as an IQ test, which is above a chosen cutoff point, usually at around the top 2-5%. Children’s educational environment contributes to the IQ score and the way intelligence is used. For example, a very close positive relationship was found when children’s IQ scores were compared with their home educational provision (Freeman, 2010). The higher the children’s IQ scores, especially over IQ 130, the better the quality of their educational backup, measured in terms of reported verbal interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home etc. Because IQ tests are decidedly influenced by what the child has learned, they are to some extent measures of current achievement based on age-norms; that is, how well the children have learned to manipulate their knowledge and know-how within the terms of the test. The vocabulary aspect, for example, is dependent on having heard those words. But IQ tests can neither identify the processes of learning and thinking nor predict creativity.B Excellence does not emerge without appropriate help. To reach an exceptionally high standard in any area very able children need the means to learn, which includes material to work with and focused challenging tuition — and the encouragement to follow their dream. There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think, compared with more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation. To be at their most effective in their self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning —metacognition —which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice of what to learn. Emotional awareness is also part of metacognition, so children should behelped to be aware of their feelings around the area to be learned, feelings of curiosity or confidence, for example.C High achievers have been found to use self-regulatory learning strategies more often and more effectively than lower achievers, and are better able to transfer these strategies to deal with unfamiliar tasks. This happens to such a high degree in some children that they appear to be demonstrating talent in particular areas. Overviewing research on the thinking process of highly able children, (Shore and Kanevsky, 1993) put the instructor’s problem succinctly: ‘If they [the gifted] merely think mo re quickly, then we need only teach more quickly. If they merely make fewer errors, then we can shorten the practice’. But of course, this is not entirely the case; adjustments have to be made in methods of learning and teaching, to take account of the many ways individuals think.D Yet in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need some support from their teachers. Conversely, teachers who have a tendency to ‘overdirect’ can diminish their gifted pupils’ learning autonomy. Although ‘spoon-feeding’ can produce extremely high examination results, these are not always followed by equally impressive life successes. Too much dependence on the teachers risks loss of autonomy and motivation to discover. However, when teachers help pupils to reflect on their own learning and thinking activities, they increase their pupils’ self-regulation. For a young child, it may be just the simple question ‘What have you learned today?’ which helps them to recognise what they are doing. Given that a fundamental goal of education is to transfer the control of learning from teachers to pupils, improving pupils’ learning to learn techniques should be a major outcome of the school experience,especially for the highly competent. There are quite a number of new methods which can help, such as child-initiated learning, ability-peer tutoring, etc. Such practices have been found to be particularly useful for bright children from deprived areas.E But scientific progress is not all theoretical, knowledge is a so vital to outstanding performance: individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a higher level than those who do not (Elshout, 1995). Research with creative scientists by Simonton (1988) brought him to the conclusion that above a certain high level, characteristics such as independence seemed to contribute more to reaching the highest levels of expertise than intellectual skills, due to the great demands of effort and time needed for learning and practice. Creativity in all forms can be seen as expertise mixed with a high level of motivation (Weisberg, 1993).F To sum up, learning is affected by emotions of both the individual and significant others. Positive emotions facilitate the creative aspects of learning and negative emotions inhibit it. Fear, for example, can limit the development of curiosity, which is a strong force in scientific advance, because it motivates problem-solving behaviour. In Boekaerts’ (1991) review of emotion the learning of very high IQ and highly achieving children, she found emotional forces in harness. They were not only curious, but often had a strong desire to control their environment, improve their learning efficiency and increase their own learning resources.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answersheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 a reference to the influence of the domestic background on the gifted child15 reference to what can be lost if learners are given too much guidance16 a reference to the damaging effects of anxiety17 examples of classroom techniques which favour socially-disadvantaged childrenQuestions 18-22Look at the following statements (Questions 18-22) and the list of people below.Match each statement with the correct person or people, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.18 Less time can be spent on exercises with gifted pupils who produce accurate work.19 Self-reliance is a valuable tool that helps gifted students reach their goals.20 Gifted children know how to channel their feelings to assist their learning.21 The very gifted child benefits from appropriate support from close relatives.22 Really successful students have learnt a considerable amount about their subject.List of PeopleA FreemanB Shore and KanevskyC ElshoutD SimontonE BoekaertsQuestions 23-26Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet23 One study found a strong connection between children’s IQ and the availability of andat home.24 Children of average ability seem to need more direction from teachers because they do not have25 Metacognition involves children understanding their own learning strategies, as well as developing26 Teachers who rely on what is known as often produce sets of impressive grades in class tests.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Museums of fine art and their publicThe fact that people go to the Louvre museum in Paris to see the original painting Mona Lisa when they can see a reproduction anywhere leads us to question some assumptions about the role of museums of fine art in today’s worldOne of the most famous works of art in the world is Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. Nearly everyone who goes to see the original will already be familiar with it from reproductions, but they accept that fine art is more rewardingly viewed in its original form.However, if Mona Lisa was a famous novel, few people wouldbother to go to a museum to read the writer’s actual manuscript rather than a printed reproduction. This might be explained by the fact that the novel has evolved precisely because of technological developments that made it possible to print out huge numbers of texts, whereas oil paintings have always been produced as unique objects. In addition, it could be argued that the practice of interpre ting or ‘reading’ each medium follows different conventions. With novels, the reader attends mainly to the meaning of words rather than the way they are printed on the page, whereas the ‘reader’ of a painting must attend just as closely to the material form of marks and shapes in the picture as to any ideas they may signify.Yet it has always been possible to make very accurate facsimiles of pretty well any fine art work. The seven surviving versions of Mona Lisa bear witness to the fact that in the 16th century, artists seemed perfectly content to assign the reproduction of their creations to their workshop apprentices as regular ‘bread and butter’ work. And today the task of reproducing pictures is incomparably more simple and reliable, with reprographic techniques that allow the production of high-quality prints made exactly to the original scale, with faithful colour values, and even with duplication of the surface relief of the painting.But despite an implicit recognition that the spread of good reproductions can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work.Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors.One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. As repositories of unique historical objects, art museumsare often called ‘treasure houses’. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards, attendants, ropes and display cases to keep us away from the exhibits. In many cases, the architectural style of the building further reinforces that notion. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, each with dozens of works, any one of which is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative ‘worthlessness’ in such a n environment.Furthermore, consideration of the ‘value’ of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that, since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge monetary value by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is deterred from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of reading which would originally have met the work.The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such diverse paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This ‘displacement effect’ is further heightened by the sheer volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months.This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there isno prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. By contrast, the audience encounters an opera or a play over a specific time, which is the duration of the performance. Similarly, novels and poems are read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labour that is involved.Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialised academic approach devoted to ‘discovering the meaning’ of art within the cultural context of its time. T his is in perfect harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving ‘authentic’, ‘original’ readings of the exhibits. Again, this seems to put paid to that spontaneous, participatory criticism which can be found in abundance in criticism of classic works of literature, but is absent from most art history.The displays of art museums serve as a warning of what critical practices can emerge when spontaneous criticism is suppressed. The museum public, like any other audience, experience art more rewardingly when given the confidence to express their views. If appropriate works of fine art could be rendered permanently accessible to the public by means of high-fidelity reproductions, as literature and music already are, the public may feel somewhat less in awe of them. Unfortunately, that may be too much to ask from those who seek to maintain and control the art establishment.Questions 27-31Complete the summary using the list of words, A-L, below.Write the correct letter, A-L, in boxes 27-31 on your answersheet.The value attached to original works of artPeople go to art museums because they accept the value of seeing an original work of art. But they do not go to museums to read original manuscripts of novels, perhaps because the availability of novels has depended on 27 for so long, and also because with novels, the 28 are the most important thing.However, in historical times artists such as Leonardo were happy to instruct 29 to produce copies of their work and these days new methods of reproduction allow excellent replication of surface relief features as well as colour and 30It is regrettable that museums still promote the superiority of original works of art, since this may not be in the interests of the 31A institutionB mass productionC mechanical processesD publicE paintsF artistG size H underlying ideas I basic technologyJ readers K picture frames L assistantsQuestions 32-35Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet32 The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrateA the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art.B the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values.C the n egative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinions of themselves.D the need to put individual well-being above large-scaleartistic schemes.33 The writer says that today, viewers may be unwilling to criticise a work becauseA they lack the knowledge needed to support an opinion.B they fear it may have financial implications.C they have no real concept of the work’s value.D they feel their personal reaction is of no significance.34 According to the writer, the ‘displacement effect’ on the visitor is caused byA the variety of works on display and the way they are arranged.B the impossibility of viewing particular works of art over a long period.C the similar nature of the paintings and the lack of great works.D the inappropriate nature of the individual works selected for exhibition.35 The writer says that unlike other forms of art, a painting does notA involve direct contact with an audience.B require a specific location for a performance.C need the involvement of other professionals.D have a specific beginning or end.Questions 36-42Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinksabout this36 Art history should focus on discovering the meaning of art using a range of media.37 The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.38 People should be encouraged to give their opinions openly on works of art.39 Reproductions of fine art should only be sold to the public if they are of high quality.40 In the future, those with power are likely to encourage more people to enjoy art.剑桥雅思阅读10原文参考译文(test2)Passage 1参考译文：茶与工业革命一个剑桥教授称英国工业革命的导火索是饮水习性的改变。
剑桥雅思10test1写作真题及范文
剑桥雅思10test1写作真题及范文写作离不开练习和积累，下面小编给大家带来剑桥雅思10test1写作真题及范文，希望可以帮助大家。
剑桥雅思10test1写作task1范文+真题Task11.图表类型：饼图+饼图2.主体段时态：一般现在时3.题目要求：分别描述澳大利亚每个家庭的能源使用情况(饼图1)和温室气体排放情况(饼图2)，并将不同能源排放的温室气体量进行相关的对比4.描述重点：饼图1：描述energy use最大值 heating 42%; water heating 30%最小值 refrigeration 7%, lighting 4%, cooling饼图2：描述greenhouse gas emissions最大值 water heating 32%; other appliances 28%最小值 lighting 8%; cooling 3%对比1&2：图1中的最大值heating在图2中仅占15%剑桥雅思10test1写作task2范文+真题It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviour to children?1.话题和题型分类教育类，同意不同意型2.题目分析孩子们在早期学习分辨是非很重要，对于学习分辨是非，惩罚是很重要的，你是否同意这种观点，并说明哪些惩罚你认为是可以允许的。
雅思10 Test1 Stepwell Ans
True/False题型1. Examples of ancient stepwells can befound all over the world.正确答案1.FALSE根据题目中。
ancient stepwells。
可以判断对应信息出现在文章开头。
通过定位词和考点词定位到文章第二段第一行，文章中。
Unique to this region, stepwells are often architecturally complex and vary widely in size and shape.unique tothis region。
与题目中。
all over the world。
意思相反2. Stepwells had a range of functions, inaddition to those related to water collection.正确答案2.TRUE定位到文章第二段第二句。
文章中。
they wereplaces of gathering, of leisure andrelaxation and of worships for villagers"是题目中a range of functions的具体表现。
3. The few existing stepwells in Delhi aremore attractive than those found elsewhere.正确答案3.NOT GIVEN第二段倒数第四行看到Delhi，而其他细节均未出现，且并未进行。
吸引力。
方面的比较。
考生如果不能迅速定位，可先解答下一题，沿其答案向前。
4. It took workers many years to build the stone steps characteristic of stepwells.正确答案4.NOT GIVEN建议先解答第五题，通过第五题的答案位置和第三题的答案位置确定本题答案。
雅思(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Going Nowhere FastTHIS is ludicrous! We can talk to people anywhere in the world or fly to meet them in a few hours. We can even send probes to other planets. But when it comes to getting around our cities, we depend on systems that have scarcely changed since the days of Gottlieb Daimler.In recent years, the pollution belched out by millions of vehicles has dominated the debate about transport. The problem has even persuaded California—that home of car culture—to curb traffic growth. But no matter how green they become, cars are unlikely to get us around crowded cities any faster. And persuading people to use trains and buses will always be an uphill struggle. Cars, after all, are popular for very good reasons, as anyone with small children or heavy shopping knows.So politicians should be trying to lure people out of their cars, not forcing them out. There’s certainly no shortage of alternatives. Perhaps the most attractive is the concept known as personal rapid transit(PRT), independently invented in the US and Europe in the 1950s.The idea is to go to one of many stations and hop into a computer-controlled car which can whisk you to your destination along a network of guideways. You wouldn’t have to share your space with strangers, and with no traffic lights, pedestrians or parked cars to slow things down, PRT guideways can carry far more traffic, nonstop, than any inner city road.It’s a wonderful vision, but the odds are stacked against PRT for a number of reasons. The first cars ran on existing roads, and it was only after they became popular—and after governments started earning revenue from them—that a road network designed specifically for motor vehicles was built. With PRT, the infrastructure would have to come first—and that would cost megabucks. What’s more, any transport system that threatened the car’s dominance would be up against all those with a stake in maintaining the status quo, from private car owners to manufacturers and oil multinationals. Even if PRTs were spectacularly successful in trials, it might not make much difference. Superior technology doesn’t always triumph, as the VHS versus Betamax and Windows versus Apple Mac battles showed.But “dual-mode”systems might just succeed where PRT seems doomed to fail. The Danish RUF system envisaged by Palle Jensen, for example, resembles PRT but with one key difference: vehicles have wheels as well as a slot allowing them to travel on a monorail, so they can drive off the rail onto a normal road. Once on a road, the occupant would take over from the computer, and the RUF vehicle—the term comes from a Danish saying meaning to “go fast”—would become an electric car.Build a fast network of guideways in a busy city centre and people would have a strong incentive not just to use public RUF vehicles, but also to buy their own dual-mode vehicle. Commuters could drive onto the guideway, sit back and read as they are chauffeured into the city. At work, they would jump out, leaving their vehicles to parkthemselves. Unlike PRT, such a system could grow organically, as each network would serve a large area around it and people nearby could buy into it. And a dual-mode system might even win the support of car manufacturers, who could easily switch to producing dual-mode vehicles.Of course, creating a new transport system will not be cheap or easy. But unlike adding a dedicated bus lane here or extending the underground railway there, an innovative system such as Jensen’s could transform cities.And it’s not just a matter of saving a few minutes a day. According to the Red Cross, more than 30 million people have died in road accidents in the past century—three times the number killed in the First World War—and the annual death toll is rising. And what’s more, the Red Cross believes road accidents will become the third biggest cause of death and disability by 2020, ahead of diseases such as AIDS and tuberculosis. Surely we can find a better way to get around?Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1．City transport developed slower than other means of communication.A．真B．假C．Not Given正确答案：A解析：利用顺序性原则很容易定位到原文开头第一段。
剑桥雅思10听力精彩试题（手打版）（DOC）
剑桥雅思10听力精彩试题（手打版）（DOC）Test 1 SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-6Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD for each answer.Questions 7-10Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-12Choose Two letters A-E.Which TWO facilities at the leisure club have recently been improved?A the gymB the tracksC the indoor poolD the outdoor poolE the sports training for childrenQuestions 13-20Complete the notes blow.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Joining the leisure clubPersonal AssessmentNew members should describe any 13……………….The 14……………… will be explained to you before you use the equipment. ?You will be given a six-week 15……………….Types of membershipThere is a compulsory ￡90 16……………… fee for members.Gold members are given 17……………… to all the LP clubs.Premier members are given priority during 18……………… hours. ?Premier members can bring some 19……………… every month. ?Members should always take their 20……………… with them.SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-25Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Global Design Competition 21Students entering the design competition have toA produce an energy-efficient design.B adapt an existing energy-saving appliance.C develop a new use for current technology.22John chose a dishwasher because he wanted to make dishwashersA more appealing.B more common.C more economical.23The stone in John’s ‘Rockpool’ design is usedA for decoration.B to switch it on.C to stop water escaping.24In the holding chamber, the carbon dioxideA changes back to a gas.B dries the dishes.C is allowed to cool.25At the end of the cleaning process, the carbon dioxideA is released into the air.B is disposed of with the waste.C is collected ready to be re-used.Questions 26-30Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.。
雅思(听力)历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（听力）历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.听力原文：PETER: Hey Jim, it’s Peter.JIM: Oh hey Peter. What’s up?PETER: I thought I’d call so we could hammer out the details for next year’s lease. JIM: That’s a good idea. Did we ever decide on how to split the total rent? PETER: Well, I was thinking since my room is bigger I probably should pay a little more, so I could pay ￡110 and you could pay ￡80. Does that sound okay? JIM: Considering that my old apartment cost me ￡100 for a smaller room, I’m definitely alright with that! Hey, I was looking at a map of the area, and can’t seem to find a bus stop near it. Do you know where we would catch the bus? PETER: Well, the bus is actually pretty far from us, but we have that garage that we can park our cars in. JIM: Wow, that’s great! Convenient parking is hard to find, so we’re lucky we have that. Okay, so we have a whole lot of things we’ll need to buy when we move in - how do you want to split that up? PETER: I was wondering - do you still work at the supermarket? JIM: Yep, every Tuesday and Saturday.PETER: Would you be able to buy things from there if I send you a shopping list? JIM: Sure, I can do that.PETER: Great. Then I can take care of whatever else we need that you wouldn’t get at a supermarket. If you want, I’ll pick you up from work that day and we can go to the apartment together. JIM: That would be great, thanks.PETER: No problem - that way we can split the cost of petrol. JIM: Works for me. It’s so expensive these days, isn’t it?PETER: It’s downright obscene.JIM: So let’s figure out what appliances we need. Do we have a microwave?PETER: Yes, the landlord’s providing that for us. Hey, do you still have that space heater though? We need one for the kitchen since it’s not connected to the central heating. JIM: Oh, right, I’ll bring that. Anything else?PETER: Well, I have some dining room and living room furniture I can bring, so that should take care of most of the big stuff. You know what we do need though? Could you bring a toaster? JIM: I actually don’t have one. It doesn’t come with the microwave?PETER: No, the landlord is only supplying the microwave. It would really help if you could bring one. JIM: Okay, I’ll pick one up at the store. You know, I also have this cool antique rotary phone that would be a cool addition to the apartment. Sort of as decoration and utility. PETER: Oh cool! The only thing is, we’d have to put it in the kitchen, unless you want it in your room. JIM: Why not put it in the living room?PETER: The living room is too loud to have a phone conversation. The noise sort of carries, so if one person is trying to watch TV or have friends over the person on the phone won’t be able to hear. JIM: Hm, okay, well I guess kitchen it is then. Any other big things we need? That seems like everything. PETER: That’s all I can think of. And of course, move-in is -JIM: June 1st. I can’t wait. We’ll be able to watch the big game in our new apartment - it’s going to be awesome! PETER: Yeah, we can move in in the morning and then Friday night we can sit back and cheer on Liverpool. JIM: I have an exam in the morning, but will be done around 11 a.m. and can move in after. Wait...Liverpool?You’re joking, right? I thought you were a Manchester United fan? PETER: MAN U? No way! Liverpool all the way! JIM: Oh no. I don’t know if I can live with a Liverpool fan...Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.PLAN FOR SHARING ACCOMMODATIONExample AnswerThe discussion topic: lease for next yearThe total rent: Peter ￡110&Jim 【L1】￡______Car parking: in the 【L2】______A place to buy things: 【L3】______ , because Jim works there.The fees they should share: 【L4】______ feesThe appliances needed: The landlord will provide the microwave. The 【L5】______ is needed in the kitchen. Peter will bring some dining room and living room furniture. Jim will buy a 【L6】______ at the store. Location of the telephone: in the 【L7】______Move-in date: 【L8】______Watching the game together: on 【L9】______What Jim needs to do before move-in: take 【L10】______ in the morning 1．【L1】正确答案：80解析：80本题为数字题，简单拿分题。
剑桥雅思10听力Test2 Section1真题解析
智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料剑桥雅思10听力Test2 Section1真题解析剑桥雅思10听力Test2 Section1真题解析。
智课外语老师第一时间为大家分享剑桥雅思10听力Test2Section1真题解析，希望对大家备战考试有所帮助。
剑桥雅思10听力Test 2 Section 1：场景介绍此篇是一个街头调查的场景，调查的内容是交通问题。
调查的开篇采访者向路人询问了很多个人信息，如姓名，住址，职业之类。
在雅思考试中属于常见的个人信息题目。
在第二部分路人说明了哪些交通设施希望当地政府能够改进，以及它们的原因。
剑桥雅思10听力Test 2 Section 1必会词汇要求：Survey n./v.调查Postcode n.邮编Occupation n.职业Improvement n.改进，改善Footpath n.人行道，小道Encourage v.鼓励，支持Council n.委员会，会议Hairdresser n.美发师Dentist n.牙医Arrangement n.布置，整理Shame n./v.羞耻Train n./v.火车，培训剑桥雅思10听力Test 2 Section 1拓展词汇：Inquiry n.调查，质询Questionnaire n.问卷Profession n.职业，专业Authority n.当局Barber n.理发师Support n./v.支持，维持Avenue n.大街Tram n.有轨电车Subway n.地铁Metro n.地铁Underground n.地铁Shopping mall n.购物中心Supermarket n.超市Suburb n.郊区剑桥雅思10听力Test 2 Section 1真题讲解：1：简单的人名拼写题，注意雅思听力考试中如果考察人名的拼写，一般都会在对话中明确讲出人名由哪几个字母组成，考生认真记下即可。
2: 简单的地址拼写题。
剑10答案解析
剑10答案解析【篇一：剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析】txt>剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析摘要：剑桥雅思10，受到广大烤鸭的热烈关注，下面小马小编带来剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析，希望能帮助各位正在备考雅思阅读的烤鸭们，一起来看看吧。
小马小编为雅思考生们带来剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析，希望能给雅思考生们带来帮助。
点击下载2015年雅思听力真题pdf版【小马内部专用】剑桥雅思10中的阅读难度延续了剑8剑9的常规难度，所以总体来说还好。
海外版的剑桥雅思10一共就两套题，我们今天就来看一下其中test1的阅读。
首先，第一篇文章标题是bovids。
这个文章标题单词不认识时也不用担心，因为正文中第一句话就对这个单词开始了解释：the family of mammals called bovids belongs to……根据这半句话即可知道bovids是一种哺乳动物统称，准确的意思是指“牛科动物”。
文章前三段描述了bovids的主要居住在south-east asia(东南亚)，大部分都喜欢居住在wide open spaces(开阔的地方);还描述了大概的外貌和大小以及特征。
然后第四段开始介绍bovids的五种sub-families(分支)。
文章后有三个题型，第一大题是3个选择，通过题中定位词回文定位，答案集中于前三段。
第二大题是名称特征配对，五个特征作为题目，和四个bovids类型配对，有nb，答案从第四段开始一直到最后。
第三大题是简答题5题，no more than three words, 范围是全篇范围，但都是显性定位词，所以定位和确定答案都不难。
第二篇文章标题是photovoltaics on the rooftop(房顶上的太阳能电池). 就从标题来看的话因为有专有词汇所以没法知道这篇文章在讲什么，这时候看副标题：a natural choice for powering the family home. 从副标题和第一段的前两句可以知道这篇文章讲的是利用大自然给家庭供电。
雅思10答案解析
雅思10答案解析剑桥雅思10Test3阅读Passage1答案解析 The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism 旅游业剑桥雅思10阅读第三套题目第一篇文章的13道题由4道段落标题匹配，6道TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断，以及3道单句填空构成，难度不算太短。
下面是具体每道题目的答案解析。
点击查看这篇雅思阅读中需要大家掌握的重点词汇与对应的原文翻译：雅思真题阅读词汇剑桥雅思10 test 3 passage 1 旅游业剑桥雅思10Test3阅读Passage1原文翻译 The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism 旅游业雅思10答案解析 1第1题答案：ii对应原文：B段：Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon答案解析：B段一开始就说了我们所熟悉的大众旅游业是20世纪才有的现象。
随后按照时间顺序介绍了其起源，二战后的发展，以及发挥的作用。
由此确定ii为答案。
第2题答案：i对应原文：C段：Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance … Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the worldeconomy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.答案解析：C段开头和结尾都提到了旅游业对经济和社会的重要性，很容易确定i为答案。
第3题答案：v对应原文：D段：the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself.答案解析：D段开始提到旅游业自身的多样性文章来自老烤鸭雅思和分散性掩盖或模糊了其经济影响。
剑10答案解析
剑10答案解析【篇一：剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析】txt>剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析摘要：剑桥雅思10，受到广大烤鸭的热烈关注，下面小马小编带来剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析，希望能帮助各位正在备考雅思阅读的烤鸭们，一起来看看吧。
小马小编为雅思考生们带来剑桥雅思10test1阅读真题解析，希望能给雅思考生们带来帮助。
点击下载2015年雅思听力真题pdf版【小马内部专用】剑桥雅思10中的阅读难度延续了剑8剑9的常规难度，所以总体来说还好。
海外版的剑桥雅思10一共就两套题，我们今天就来看一下其中test1的阅读。
首先，第一篇文章标题是bovids。
这个文章标题单词不认识时也不用担心，因为正文中第一句话就对这个单词开始了解释：the family of mammals called bovids belongs to……根据这半句话即可知道bovids是一种哺乳动物统称，准确的意思是指“牛科动物”。
文章前三段描述了bovids的主要居住在south-east asia(东南亚)，大部分都喜欢居住在wide open spaces(开阔的地方);还描述了大概的外貌和大小以及特征。
然后第四段开始介绍bovids的五种sub-families(分支)。
文章后有三个题型，第一大题是3个选择，通过题中定位词回文定位，答案集中于前三段。
第二大题是名称特征配对，五个特征作为题目，和四个bovids类型配对，有nb，答案从第四段开始一直到最后。
第三大题是简答题5题，no more than three words, 范围是全篇范围，但都是显性定位词，所以定位和确定答案都不难。
第二篇文章标题是photovoltaics on the rooftop(房顶上的太阳能电池). 就从标题来看的话因为有专有词汇所以没法知道这篇文章在讲什么，这时候看副标题：a natural choice for powering the family home. 从副标题和第一段的前两句可以知道这篇文章讲的是利用大自然给家庭供电。
雅思10 Test1 European transport system Ans
14. viii. The rapid growth of privatetransport.A段第四句中。
the spectacular growth。
对应标题viii中。
The rapid growth。
A段第四句。
car use。
对应标题viii中。
privatetransport"。
所以A段对应viii答案the rapid growth of private transport.15.iii.Changes affecting thedistances goods may be transportedB段第一句话为本段主题词，主题句中的changes。
直接出现在标题iii中的Changes。
B段中的第一句systems of production是标题iii中"the distances goods may betransported"的抽象概括。
可以由文章中B段第四行中。
relocation of some industries。
中的得到具体对应。
所以本题答案为iii。
16.xi.Transport trends incountries awaiting EU admissionC段第一句中"countries which are candidates forentry to the EU。
对应标题中。
countriesawaiting EU admiration". C 段第一句。
transport flows。
对应标题xi中。
Transporttrends". 所以本题答案为xi.17. I. A fresh and important long-term goalD段第一句中。
a new imperative (重要的)。
对应标题I中"a fresh and important long-term goal".由第二句中。
剑10-阅读解析整理
剑10-阅读解析整理剑桥雅思10阅读解析Test1Passage1体裁说明文主题牛科动物结构第一段：牛科概述第二段：分布和体型第三段：共同特征第四段：五种亚科牛亚科第五段：羚羊亚科第六段：羊亚科第七段：鹿羚亚科第八段：叉角羚剑桥雅思10阅读解析试题解析剑桥雅思10阅读解析Test1Passage1 Question 1-3题型：multiple choice题型解析：本题属单选题，注意题目说明：在ABCD中选择正确的。
题号答案关键词原文定位题目解析1D Biggestrange第二段首句，theyBiggest range=The most numerousare by far the most numerous anddiverse in the latter and diverse, in the latter 指代上文中的后者，即south-east Asia. 2 D Most, preferenc e第二段中间，the majority of species favouropengrassland , scrub or desertMost对应majority, preference 对应favour . Opening grassland, scrubor desert 都是wide open spaces. 3 CAll, incommon第三段第二句，all species areruminants 上句中提到bovidsare united by thepossession of certain common features, 紧接着下一句说明，retainundigested food intheir stomachs 对应选项C ，store food intheirbody.剑桥雅思10阅读解析Test1Passage1 Question 4-8题型：matching题型解析：搭配题，根据选项定位关键词，题干是对应原文的同义改写 题号 答案关键词 原文定位 题目解析4 C Endure, harsh第六段末句,Toleranc e of extreme conditions is most markedin this group同义改写，endureveryharshenvironments=tolerance of extremeconditions.5 B Ox,cow 第四段第二句， the sub-family Ox 和cow 都属于cattle,在这里指家畜牛。