英语语法:定语、状语、补语(课堂PPT)
语法基本概念简介:主谓宾定状补PPT课件
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1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,
一ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้由名词,代词,数词,不定式等 充当。
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
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5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名 词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容 词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放 在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时, 则放在被修饰的词之后。
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系 动词如be之后,说明主语身份, 特征,属性或状态。一般由名词, 代词,形容词,副词,不定式, 介词短语等充当。
My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护 士。
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4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之
后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词 不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指 人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的 叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足 语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复 合宾语。如: We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
表语,就是表明主语的身分,性质 特点,如上面的例子,teacher就是 表语,表明主语he是一个老师.表 语是用在连系动词后面的,一起构 成"系表"结构.
状语从句+课件-2024届高考英语一轮复习
状语从句省略
前提:
1. 从句的主语 与 主句的主语一致; 2. 从句中需有be动词。
省略时需把从句主语和be动词一起省 略。
He fell asleep when he was doing his homework. When I was surfing the net, the power was off. His father died when he was only three.
二. 连接词
语气最弱,看到一个现象去反推可能的情况 It must be morning,for the birds are singing.
原因状语从句
常见:because, as, since, for
用法几乎一致,表示直接的原因,as语气稍 弱。 As he is too yong, he can’t join the army.
二. 连接词:时间状语从句 一... 就....
no sooner... than... I had no sooner seen you than I smiled. hardly... when...
二. 连接词:时间状语从句 一... 就....
no sooner... than... I had no sooner seen you than I smiled.
二. 连接词
让步状语从句
1. although,though, as 虽然,尽管 2. even if , even though 即便,即使 3. 特殊疑问词+ever/ no matter + 特殊疑问词 不论
二. 连接词:让步状语从句 3. 特殊疑问词+ever/ no matter + 特殊疑问词 不论
讲解主谓宾定状补(简单易懂)——优秀(课堂PPT)
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2、“主谓”结构。
举例:我 笑 。 主语 谓语
雪 花 飘。 主语 谓语
马 儿 跑。 主语 谓语
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定状补
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1、给主语或宾语增加修饰词──定语。
(1)小 猫 吃 鱼 。
定语写在
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在句子里,词和词之间有一定的关 系,按不同的关系可以把句子分为不同 的组成部分,句子的组成部分叫做句子 成分。
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主谓宾定状补
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主语 == // 谓语 — 宾语 ~~
句子成分
定语(的) ( ) 状语 [地] [ ] 补语<补> < >
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主谓宾、定状补,主干枝叶分清楚。 主干成分主谓宾,枝叶成分定状补。 定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前,逗号分开心有数。
样“。
①他//是很能干的。 ②一张简陋的大竹床//铺着厚厚的稻草。 ③其实这种缩微技术,//早在十九世纪普 法战争时候就使用过了。
宾语
在动词后面,表示动作 、 行为受力的人或事
物,往往表示动作支配 的对象。
~~
①桥脚上站着一个人。 ②我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
③萧队长说过:先进的要带落后的。
④朋友送我一支笔。
②马雪儿花 跑飘〈〈得满很天快〉〉。。 主主语语谓谓语语 补补语语
补语写在谓 语动词的后 面,用的是 的“得”
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4、给整个句子加时间状语或地点状语。
举例:
(1)小猫吃鱼。
小猫在院子里吃鱼。
院子里,小猫吃鱼。 (2)小朋友做游戏。
时间状语或
小朋友在操场上做游戏。 地点状语放
英语状语,表语,宾语,补语,定语的概念
一、状语之阳早格格创做状语的功能:状语证明天面、时间、本果、手段、截止、条件、目标、程度、办法战伴伴情景等.状语普遍由副词汇、介词汇短语、分词汇战分词汇短语、大概式大概相称于副词汇的词汇大概短语去继承.其位子普遍搁正在句终,但是也可搁正在句尾大概句中.副词汇是一种用去建饰动词汇,形容词汇,副词汇大概齐句的词汇,证明时间,天面,程度,办法等观念.句子中干状语.He speaks English very well. 他英语道得非常佳.中的very是程度副词汇,用去建饰well.very well是建饰speak的程度状语.He is playing under the tree.他正在树下玩女.中的under the tree是天面状语.2. 大概式正在句子中不妨做手段状语.I come specially to see you.尔博门去瞅您.3.介词汇短语Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.The boy was praised for his bravery.状语When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.5.分词汇做状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.6.词汇组做状语She jumped ten feet. 她跳了十英尺近.二、表语正在形式上,位于系动词汇后的便是表语.从含意上道,表语是回问主语“是什么”大概“怎么样”的语法身分.即是指“是”字句“是”字后里的身分.表语便是起表述效率的句子身分.它建饰的是主语.表语是用去证明主语的身份、本量、品性、特性战状态的.表语须战结合动词汇所有形成句子的复合谓语.表语常由名词汇、形容词汇、副词汇、介词汇短语、大概式、动词汇的-ing、从句去充当,它常位于结合动词汇(be, become, appear, seem等)之后.物理教家.三、宾语宾语,又称受词汇,是指一个动做(动词汇)的交受者.宾语分为曲交宾语战间交宾语二大类,其中曲交宾语指动做的曲交对于象,间交宾语证明动做的非曲交,但是受动做效率的对于象.普遍而止,及物动词汇后里最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语常常为曲交宾语,有些及物动词汇央供二个宾语,则那二个宾语常常一个为曲交宾语,另一个为间交宾语.用法Show me(间交宾语)your tickets(曲交宾语),please.宾语普遍用正在及物动词汇的后里,表示止为动词汇所波及的对于象.一. 名词汇做宾语Show your passport, please. 请出示护照.二. 代词汇做宾语She didn't say anything. 她什么也出道.三. 数词汇做宾语How many do you want? — I want two. 您要几个?-尔要二个.四. 名词汇化的形容词汇做宾语They sent the injured to hospital. 他们把伤员收到医院.五. 大概式大概ing形式做宾语They asked to see my passport. 他们央供瞅尔的护照.I enjoy working with you. 尔战您们一道处事很舒畅.六. 从句做宾语Did you write down what he said? 您把他的话写下了不?四、补语英语补语的效率对于象是主语战宾语,具备明显的定语性形貌大概节造性功能,正在句法上是不可大概缺的.补语是起补充证明效率的成份.最罕睹的是宾语补脚语.名词汇、动名词汇、形容词汇、副词汇、大概式、当前分词汇、往日分词汇皆不妨正在句子中做宾补.补语是述补结构中补充证明述语的截止、程度、趋背、大概、状态、数量等的身分.补语取述语之间是补充取被补充、证明取被证明的闭系.比圆道,beat him dead ,把他挨死,dead正在那句话里便是充当补语身分,补充证明挨的截止大概者道挨的程度是——死了,其余教习英语的时间别死扣语法,多读多背,有语感之后您便能缓缓辨别出它是什么身分了,,再举个例子kiss me again再亲尔一下,again是表示数量的补语!一、主语的补语:它用正在系动词汇后,是句子的一个基础身分.时常使用主-系-表结构.1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.尔瞅到她战他们正在所有,起码,起码尔认为是她.(her 干宾语,them干介词汇宾语,her干主语补语)2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁挨碎了花瓶?-- Me. --尔. (me干主语补语= It's me.)3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it wasshe. (she干主语补语)约翰期视那位搭客是玛丽,还实是她.二、宾语的补语1.大概式(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street. 女亲不让咱们正在街上玩耍.We believe him to be guilty. 咱们疑赖他是有功的.We made him copy the sentence.He is made to copy the sentence.I felt my hands tremble.2.名词汇At the meeting we elected him monitor.I think your brother a clever boy.3.形容词汇What you said made Xiao Wang angry.I found the classroom empty4.副词汇Please call the students back at once.He was seen to take his cap off.5.当前分词汇We hear him singing in the hall.I found him lying in bed, sleeping.6.往日分词汇He saw his face reflected in the water.I heard it spoken of in the next room.五、定语定语是用去建饰、规定、证明名词汇大概代词汇的本量取特性的. 主要有形容词汇别的另有名词汇、代词汇、数词汇、介词汇短语、动词汇大概式(短语)、分词汇、定语从句大概相称于形容词汇的词汇、短语大概句子皆不妨做定语. 汉语中时常使用‘……的’表示.定语战核心语之间是建饰战被建饰、节造战被节造的闭系.正在汉语中,核心语取定语二者之间有的需要用结构帮词汇“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要. “的”是定语的标记.介词汇短语做定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.(in the classroom 建饰名词汇boy;of yours建饰名词汇pen)/课堂里的男孩需要您的一收钢笔.The boy in blue is Tom.(in blue建饰名词汇boy)/脱蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.(two,three,of 9战of10建饰名词汇boy)/有二个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.名词汇做定语The boy needs a ball pen.(ball建饰名词汇pen)/男孩需要一收圆珠笔.It is a ball pen.(ball建饰名词汇pen)/那是一收圆珠笔.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.(the pencil box 建饰名词汇ball pen )/那铅笔盒里惟有一收圆珠笔.副词汇做定语The boy there needs a pen.(there建饰名词汇boy)/那女的男孩需要一收钢笔.The best boy here is Tom.(here建饰名词汇boy)/那里最棒的男孩是Tom.大概式做定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.(to write this letter 建饰名词汇boy)/写那启疑的男孩需要一收钢笔.The boy to write this letter is Tom.(to write this letter 建饰名词汇boy)/将要写那启疑的男孩是汤姆.There is nothing to do today.(to do 建饰名词汇nothing)/即日不事要干.分词汇(短语)做定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.(smiling 建饰名词汇boy;bought by his mother建饰名词汇pen)/那个微笑的男孩需要一收他妈妈购的钢笔.The pen bought by her is made in China.(bought by her 建饰名词汇pen;bought by her 建饰名词汇pen)/她购的笔是华夏产的.There are five boys left.(five建饰名词汇boy;left建饰名词汇boy)/有五个留住的男孩.六、主语主语是实止句子的止为大概动做的主体,如“尔写字”中的“尔”,便是主语,它干出“写”那个动做.“写”则是谓语,而“字”是交受谓语“写”那个动做的对于象,它果此被称为宾语,有的语法书籍也称它为“客体”大概“受体”.主语不妨那些列词汇类大概形式去担当:名词汇,代词汇,名词汇化了的动词汇,形容词汇,分词汇,副词汇大概数词汇等,动词汇大概式大概大概式短语,从句,某些牢固词汇组的第二格.做主语的词汇:名词汇,代词汇,名词汇化了的动词汇,形容词汇,分词汇,副词汇大概数词汇等,动词汇大概式大概大概式短语,从句,某些牢固词汇组的第二格.1. 名词汇做主语曲到河里的鱼死了,村民们才意识到传染的妨害.The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died.S+ V t +O. 主系表结构:S+V倒拆:Not until the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.注意:倒拆正在主句,从句不倒拆/did 战not 提前,只剩动词汇本形强调:It was not until the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.如果强调的是主语大概宾语且指人用who,其余一律用that.是that,而非其余/主句的程序((倒拆不强调,强调便不倒拆))人称代词汇(主格),名词汇性代词汇,指示代词汇,大概代词汇,such(----样的人、物),it(时间,天气,距离等)at midnight /in the(泛指)middle of the nightIt is 9 o'clock when I went home.It was ten when I got home.普遍句It was at ten that I got home.强调句I got home at ten.本形注释:做主语正在句尾/it做主语形成(时常使用v-ing,不时常使用惟有use,good)It is +adj. +of sb.(人的属性)/for sb.(物的属性)to doIt is necessary to finish the design before National day. Tomorrow is National day.it is +n.+for/of sb. to doIt is not good manners for Arabs to stand close talking to their friends.It is a great honor for us to be invited to the party.正在叹息句中必须用it做形式主语:What a joy/ pleasure (it is) to read the book.正在问句中必须用形式主语:Is it possible to go to the moon by spaceship?Ten out of 100 Americans are over /above /more than 65.普遍/ 完毕时v-ing: 主动/doing/having donenot doing:主动/being done/having done注意:doing 无时间规定/取谓语共时出现/正在谓语动词汇后爆收having done爆收正在谓语之前He still remembers being prized.当逻辑主语为无死命的物品时a.做主语时,常常表示普遍性的无时间性的物品.而大概式表示某一种简曲的动做.Smoking is hobbit difficult to break.表语普遍Seeing is believing.c.逻辑主语必须是所有格形式Smoking kills.d. it 做形式主语:It is no use/good-----The old man's taking pity on the snake leads to his death.那个老头怜悯那条蛇,引导他的牺牲.To +动词汇本形Not to do 阐明:具备动词汇的本量,做宾语,状语/具备名词汇的本量,做主语/具备形容词汇本量,做定语/具备副词汇的本量,做状语.除谓语不可做除中,其余皆可.普遍式:to do举止时:to be doing完毕时:to have done完毕举止时:to have been doingto do:表示动做爆收正在谓语之后,I want to go home.取谓语动词汇险些共时爆收to be doing :表示取谓语动词汇共时爆收to have done:爆收正在谓语动词汇之前Someone was considered to have done something.to have been doing :动做从往日启初背去持绝到谓语动词汇那个动做的爆收大概式表示一种决定的动做To do morning exercises this morning is not good for your healthy.the poor / the disabled /the sickFrom my home to school is three kilometers.副词汇----大概式大概动名词汇What an excitement to find a shark when you’re swimming in the sea.。
英语状语,表语,宾语,补语,定语的概念
一.状语状语的功效:状语解释地点.时光.原因.目标.成果.前提.偏向.程度.方法和陪同状况等.状语一般由副词.介词短语.分词和分词短语.不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其地位一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中.副词是一种用来润饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,解释时光,地点,程度,方法等概念.句子中做状语.He speaks English very well. 他英语说得异常好.中的very 是程度副词,用来润饰well.very well是润饰speak的程度状语.He is playing under the tree.他在树下玩儿.中的under the tree是地点状语.2. 不定式在句子中可以作目标状语.I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.3.介词短语Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.The boy was praised for his bravery.状语When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.5.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.6.词组作状语She jumped ten feet. 她跳了十英尺远.二.表语在情势上,位于系动词后的就是表语.从寄义上讲,表语是答复主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分.等于指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分.表语就是起表述感化的句子成分.它润饰的是主语.表语是用来解释主语的身份.性质.品性.特点和状况的.表语须和连络动词一路组成句子的复合谓语.表语常由名词.形容词.副词.介词短语.不定式.动词的-ing.从句来充当,它常位于连络动词(be, become, appear, seem等)之后.物理学家.三.宾语宾语,又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接收者.宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,个中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语解释动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象.一般而言,及物动词后面起码要有一个宾语,而该宾语平日为直接宾语,有些及物动词请求两个宾语,则这两个宾语平日一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语.用法Show me(间接宾语)your tickets(直接宾语),please.宾语一般用在及物动词的后面,暗示行动动词所涉及的对象.一. 名词作宾语Show your passport, please. 请出示护照.二. 代词作宾语She didn't say anything. 她什么也没说.三. 数词作宾语How many do you want? — I want two. 你要几个?-我要两个.四. 名词化的形容词作宾语They sent the injured to hospital. 他们把伤员送到病院.五. 不定式或ing情势作宾语They asked to see my passport. 他们请求看我的护照.I enjoy working with you. 我和你们一道工作很高兴.六. 从句作宾语Did you write down what he said? 你把他的话写下了没有?四.补语英语补语的感化对象是主语和宾语,具有光鲜的定语性描述或限制性功效,在句法上是不成或缺的.补语是起填补解释感化的成份.最罕有的是宾语补足语.名词.动名词.形容词.副词.不定式.如今分词.曩昔分词都可以在句子中作宾补.补语是述补构造中填补解释述语的成果.程度.趋势.可能.状况.数目等的成分.补语与述语之间是填补与被填补.解释与被解释的关系.比方说,beat him dead ,把他打逝世,dead在这句话里就是充当补语成分,填补解释打的成果或者说打的程度是——逝世了,别的进修英语的时刻别逝世扣语法,多读多背,有语感之后你就能慢慢分辩出它是什么成分了,,再举个例子 kiss me again再亲我一下, again是暗示数目的补语!一.主语的补语:它用在系动词后,是句子的一个根本成分.经常应用主-系-表构造.1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一路,至少,至少我以为是她.(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?-- Me. --我. (me做主语补语= It's me.)3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主语补语)约翰愿望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.二.宾语的补语1.不定式(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍.We believe him to be guilty. 我们信任他是有罪的.We made him copy the sentence.He is made to copy the sentence.I felt my hands tremble.2.名词At the meeting we elected him monitor.I think your brother a clever boy.3.形容词What you said made Xiao Wang angry.I found the classroom empty4.副词Please call the students back at once.He was seen to take his cap off.5.如今分词We hear him singing in the hall.I found him lying in bed, sleeping.6.曩昔分词He saw his face reflected in the water.I heard it spoken of in the next room.五.定语定语是用来润饰.限制.解释名词或代词的品德与特点的. 重要有形容词此外还著名词.代词.数词.介词短语.动词不定式(短语).分词.定语从句或相当于形容词的词.短语或句子都可以作定语.汉语中经常应用‘……的’暗示.定语和中间语之间是润饰和被润饰.限制和被限制的关系.在汉语中,中间语与定语二者之间有的须要用构造助词“的”,有的不须要,有的可要可不要. “的”是定语的标记.介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.(in the classroom 润饰名词boy;of yours润饰名词pen)/教室里的男孩须要你的一支钢笔.The boy in blue is Tom.(in blue润饰名词boy)/穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.(two,three,of 9和of10润饰名词boy)/有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.(ball润饰名词pen)/男孩须要一支圆珠笔.It is a ball pen.(ball润饰名词pen)/这是一支圆珠笔.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.(the pencil box润饰名词ball pen )/这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔.副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.(there润饰名词boy)/那儿的男孩须要一支钢笔.The best boy here is Tom.(here润饰名词boy)/这里最棒的男孩是Tom.不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.( to write this letter 润饰名词boy)/写这封信的男孩须要一支钢笔.The boy to write this letter is Tom.(to write this letter 润饰名词boy)/将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆.There is nothing to do today.(to do 润饰名词nothing)/今天没有事要做.分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.( smiling 润饰名词boy;bought by his mother润饰名词pen)/谁人微笑的男孩须要一支他妈妈买的钢笔.The pen bought by her is made in China.(bought by her 润饰名词pen;bought by her 润饰名词pen)/她买的笔是中国产的.There are five boys left.(five润饰名词boy;left润饰名词boy)/有五个留下的男孩.六.主语主语是履行句子的行动或动作的主体,如“我写字”中的“我”,就是主语,它做出“写”这个动作.“写”则是谓语,而“字”是接收谓语“写”这个动作的对象,它是以被称为宾语,有的语法书也称它为“客体”或“受体”.主语可以这些列词类或情势来担任:名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语,从句,某些固定词组的第二格.作主语的词:名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语, 从句,某些固定词组的第二格.1. 名词作主语直到河里的鱼逝世了,村平易近们才意识到污染的伤害.The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died.S+ V t +O. 主系表构造 :S+V倒装:Not until the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.留意:倒装在主句,从句不倒装 /did 和not 提前,只剩动词本相强调:It was not until the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.假如强调的是主语或宾语且指人用who,其他一律用that.是that,而非其他/主句的次序((倒装不强调,强调就不倒装))人称代词(主格),名词性代词,指导代词,不定代词,such(----样的人.物),it(时光,气象,距离等)at midnight /in the(泛指)middle of the nightIt is 9 o'clock when I went home.It was ten when I got home.一般句It was at ten that I got home.强调句I got home at ten.本相注释:作主语在句首/it作主语组成(经常应用 v-ing,不经常应用只有 use,good)It is +adj. +of sb.(人的属性)/for sb.(物的属性)to do It is necessary to finish the design before National day. Tomorrow is National day.it is +n.+for/of sb. to doIt is not good manners for Arabs to stand close talking to their friends.It is a great honor for us to be invited to the party.在感慨句中必须用it作情势主语:What a joy/ pleasure (it is) to read the book.在问句中必须用情势主语:Is it possible to go to the moon by spaceship?Ten out of 100 Americans are over /above /more than 65.一般 / 完成时v-ing: 自动/doing/having donenot doing:自动/being done/having done留意:doing 无时光限制/与谓语同时消失/在谓语动词后产生having done产生在谓语之前He still remembers being prized.当逻辑主语为无性命的器械时a.作主语时,平日暗示一般性的无时光性的器械.而不定式暗示某一种具体的动作.Smoking is hobbit difficult to break.表语一致Seeing is believing.c.逻辑主语必须是所有格情势Smoking kills.d. it 作情势主语:It is no use/good-----The old man's taking pity on the snake leads to his death.谁人老头恻隐那条蛇,导致他的逝世亡.To +动词本相Not to do 解释:具有动词的性质,作宾语,状语/具著名词的性质,作主语/具有形容词性质,作定语/具有副词的性质,作状语.除谓语不成作之外,其他都可.一般式:to do进行时:to be doing完成时:to have done完成进行时:to have been doingto do:暗示动作产生在谓语之后,I want to go home.与谓语动词几乎同时产生to be doing :暗示与谓语动词同时产生to have done:产生在谓语动词之前 Someone was considered to have done something.to have been doing :动作从曩昔开端一向中断到谓语动词这个动作的产生不定式暗示一种肯定的动作To do morning exercises this morning is not good for your healthy.the poor / the disabled /the sickFrom my home to school is three kilometers.副词----不定式或动名词What an excitement to find a shark when you’re swimming in the sea.。
英语语法:定语、状语、补语ppt课件
可编辑课件PPT
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不定式短语作定语
不定式 不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形。 I have nothing to worry about. 我没什么好担忧的。
He gave me some books to read. 他给我一些书看。 注:不定式不能做谓语。
可编辑课件PPT
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不定式作定语
Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗? There is nothing to worry about. 没什么好担心的。 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。
可编辑课件PPT
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句子作定语
句子作定语即是定语从句 She has found the necklace that she lost
two weeks ago. 她找到了两年前丢的项链。 It happened at the time when I left the
office. 这事就发生在我离开办公室之时。
可编辑课件PPT
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状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。 表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、 方式、程度等。可作状语的有:副词、 介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、 词组、复合结构、从句。
可编辑课件PPT
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副词作状语
Speak politely.说话要有礼貌。 It is very nice of you.你真好。 Read loudly.大声读。
定语、状语、补语
定语
用来修饰名词或代词,可分为前置定 语和后置定语。一般由形容词、形容 词性物主代词(my、his、your、her 等)、数词、介词短语、不定式短语、 分词或句子充当。
英语句子成分(主谓宾定状补)、物主代词 PPT
一、主语
动作发出的主体或对象,句子描述的主体
可以由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、 动词不定式、动名词或者从句充当。
Eg:Workers build f工人建造工厂和房屋.
Eg:She went out in a hurry.(代词)
她匆匆忙忙出去了。
英语句子成分(主谓宾定状补)、物主代词
一、英语中主要句子成分的辨 识和分析
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语(以 宾补为例)、定语、同位语
注意1:一个完整的句子,至少 有两部分组成(祈使句除外)
主语、谓语 主语是句子叙述的主体(常见的是句子动作的发出对象), 表明这句话叙述的主体是谁,是什么,谓语则是用来说明 主语的情况(常见为主体发出的动作)。谓语在人称和数 上应该与主语保持一致。
系动词+表语 (谓语动词) 主系表结构
大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下,但要小声点
三、宾语
及物动词 Vt.或者及物动词短语后面的对象或内容 动作承受的对象或结果
通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、从句组成
直接宾语是动作承受着或结果,间接宾语表示动作对谁 或者为谁做的 give you a pen
五、补语(以宾语补足语为例)
宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语 We must keep it a secret. I found the book very interesting.
六、同位语
同位语对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释,通 常由名词,代词担任
This is Mr Li, our headmaster. 这是我们的校长——李老师 The news that he is ill worries us a lot. 他病了这个消息令我们很担心。
英语句子成分图(课堂PPT)
(You) Come here. (I wish you)Good luck! Some gave him praises,but others(gave him)rotten
eggs. He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.
salary.
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Exercise: 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。 1. He was tired. He went to bed.
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连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的
词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于
另一个句子(即从句)的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从
属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
一个完整的句子(主句或从句)必须包含2个到4个基本成 分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他 的句子成分。
句 起来,这种结构即构成一个并列句。
用分号: We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing.
用分号,后跟一个连接副词: We fished all day; however, we didn’t catch a thing. 用并列连词(如and、but、so、yet等) We fished all day, but (we) didn’t catch a thing.
英语五大基本句型(课堂PPT)
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Exercises: 1.我咳了一夜。 I coughed all night.
2.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
My grandfather gets up early in the morning.
3.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的 变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
状语(adverbial) 说明动作或状态特征
补语(complement) 补充说明宾语/主语
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同位语(Appositive)对前面名词/代词做进一步 解释,名词、数词、代词或句子充当, 如: This is Baymax, my pet.
插入语(Parenthesis)对一句话做些附加解释, 通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等,如: To be frank, I don't quite agree with you.
若要先说出直宾(事物),后说间宾(人), 要借助介词to/for
give me power = give po1.他给你买了本字典。
He brought you a dictionary.
2.奶奶可以给我讲一个有趣的故事。
Grandma can tell me an interesting story.
五大基本句型
Simple Sentences
Rita
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句什子么包是括句哪子些?成分? ——基本成分七种
主宾定补由 概 结语语语语词念尾( (((按的要soac照语有uotbtbmj一言.rejiebpc定单?ctule)t语位t)!me法。)en结句t)构子谓表状组的语语语成第(((a,一ppdrrv是个eeedd能字ribicc表母iaaattl达必e)iv)一须e)个大完写整,
英语语法:定语、状语、补语-定语状语补语区别36页PPT
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30、意志是一个强壮的盲人,倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢!
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英语语法:定语、状语、补语-定语状 语补语区别
6、法律的基础有两个,而且只有两个……公平和实用。——伯克 7、有两种和平的暴力,那就是法律和礼节。——歌德
8、法律就是秩序,有好的法律才有好的秩序。——亚里士多德 9、上帝把法律和公平凑合在一起,可是人类却把它拆开。——查·科尔顿 10、一切法律都是无用的,因为好人用不着它们,而坏人又不会因为它们而变得规矩起来。——德谟耶克斯
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快,这是不可能的,因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
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27、只有把抱怨环境的心情,化为上进的力量,才是成功的保证。——罗曼·罗兰
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28、知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
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29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良 Nhomakorabea——达·芬奇
英语语法:定语、状语、补语
定语
定语
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词 的品质与特征的。
定语可分为前置定语和后置定语。 一般由形容词、形容词性物主代词(my、
his、your、her等)、数词、介词短语、不 定式短语、分词或句子充当。
形容词作定语
The black bike is mine. 那辆黑色的自行车是我的。
Read loudly. 大声读。
二、什么可以作状语?
1.副词: Say again.再说一遍。 Suddenly it began to rain.天突然下雨了。 2.介词短语: Please come here in the evening. 请晚上来这儿。 He wrote with a red pencil. 他用红铅笔写的。
5.名词: Wait a moment. 等一会儿。 It can go all day and all night. 它能整日整夜地走。 6.从句: I'll write to you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你写信。
He didn't come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work. 他没来,因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。
3.动词不定式(或不定式短语): He went to see a film. 他看电影去了。 My father was surprised to hear the news. 我父亲听到这个消息,感到惊奇。 4.分词(或分词短语): He sat there reading a novel. 他坐在那儿看小说。 The students went away laughing. 学生们笑着走开了。
英语语法:定语、状语、补语(课堂)_2022年学习资料
分词短语作状语-Working in this way,they greatly cut the-cost 用这种方法,他们大大地降低了-成本。-Compared to many women,she is inde d-very fortunate.和很多妇女相比,她的-确很幸运。-15
形容词作状语-He spent seven days in the wind and-snow,cold nd hungry.他在风雪中过了-七天,又冷又饿。-Tired and hungry,he arrive home.他到-家了,又累又饿。-Afraid of the dogs,she entered by t e-back door.由于怕狗,她从后门进去。-16
不定式短语作定语-不定式的基本形式:o+动词原形。-I have nothing to worry abo t.-我没什么好担忧的。-He gave me some books to read-他给我一些书看。-注 不定式不能做谓语。
不定式作定语-Do you have anything more to say?-你还有什么话要说吗?-T ere is nothing to worry about-没什么好担心的。-I have a lot o homework to do.-我有很多作业要做。-8
状语-·状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。-表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、-方式、程度等。可作状语的有:副 、-介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、-词组、复合结构、从句。-11
副词作状语-Speak politely.说话要有礼貌。-It is very nice of you.你 好。-Re语从句-She has found the necklace that she lost-two weeks ago.-她找到了两年前丢的项链。-It happened at the t me when I left the-office.-这事就发生在我离开办公室之时。-10
英语句子基本句型(主谓宾,主系表、补语、定语、状语)讲解课件-2023-2024学年初高中英语衔接
她给
宾)
钱(直
宾)
He 他 made me我
使
3
laugh 笑
句子基本成分:
主语:发出动作,或者主要陈述的对象 谓语:动词(心动+行动) 宾语;受动作影响的事物 系动词:把主语和表语连系起来 表语:表明主语是什么,或者怎么样 宾补:对动作要宾语怎么样进行补充说明 直接宾语:直接受到动作影响的事物 间接宾语:间接受到动作影响的事物
• 6.Many animals live in trees.
21/9/15 主 + 谓
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21/9/15
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基本句型 四
S +Vt +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
表示主语为宾语怎么样了一件/样/些东西, My father bought me a car yesterday.昨天 我父亲为我买了一辆车。
特别提示!
双宾语,间宾在前无介词 间宾在后有介词for/to等
My father bought a car for me yesterday.
主+谓
• 2.The flower is dead.
主+系+表
• 3.Plants need water.
主+谓+宾
• 4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 简宾
• 5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 谓 动词一般为及物动 词,后面可以跟名词、动名词、 不定式、宾语从句等作宾语。
21/9/15
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基本句型 二
英语语法基本框架(课堂PPT)
动词的非谓语形式 to do/doing/done 1.以 doing 为宾语的动词 2.以to do 为宾语的动词 3.以to do/doing 为宾语,但意义有别的动词 4.以to do/doing为宾语,意义无差别的动词
非谓语动词的时态和语态: 如:to be done/to have done /to have been
从属连词:用来引导从 句:after/when/before/as/while/as long as/in order that /as if 等.
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动词的考法
通过语境来判断时态,如:
1、----How are you today?(NMET 2000)
----Oh,I
as ill as I do now for a very long time.
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句子的主要成分及其构成:
主语: 名词或起名词作用的其他词类、短语或从句。 谓语:动词或动词短语,或系动词加以形容词或名词或
起同类作用的其他词类、短语、从句。 宾语:名词或与之相当的其他词类,短语或从句。
(放在及物动词后面) 定语: 形容词或与之相当的其他词类、 短语或从句。
(用来修饰名词或代词;单个形容词作定语一般放所 修饰名词之前,短语或从句放其后。)
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(1)主语+动词 : She(主语) sings(动词)
1. Time flies. 2. Class begins. 3. Spring has come. 4. The birds are singing. 5. Everybody laughed. 6. Fish swim. 7. The medicine works.
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(2)主语+动词+宾语: She(主语)sings(动词) folk songs(宾语).
英语语法句子成分分析PPT课件
写在最后
成功的基础在于好的学习习惯
The foundation of success lies in good habits
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谢谢聆听
·学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干, 是为一个目标去 战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折
Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard, Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal
句子结构
语主法语
谓语 宾语 定语 状语 宾语补语 表语
句子结构
语法
状语, ∧ 主语 + ∧ 谓语 + ∧宾语 + ∧宾语补语
①
②
③
④
⑤
句子
句子
分词
名词短语
①
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
②
形容词
动名词
不定式(仅限几种/句末)
不定式
句子结构
语法
状语, ∧ 主语 + ∧ 谓语 + ∧宾语 + ∧宾语补语
①
②
③
④
⑤
句子
⑦
副词
形容词/名词短语(名词前)
动名词(名词前)
句子结构
状语语法, ∧ 主语
① ⑥②
+ ∧ 谓语 + ∧宾语 + ∧宾语补语
⑦③
⑧④
⑨⑤
⑧:定语(宾语为名词短语)
句子(名词后)
分词(名词前/后)
⑧
不定式(名词后)
形容词/名词短语(名词前)
动名词(名词前)
句子结构
状语语法, ∧ 主语
高中英语语法句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)课件(共22张PPT)
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓(系)+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a kiss. 4. She made me happy. 5. She is lovable.
动词决定句型,但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否,或者说,状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少; ✓ 决定句子结构; ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
宾语 –动作的承受者
动宾 i like china. (名词) he hates you. (代词) how many do you need? we need two. (数词) we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy wor with you. (动名词) i hope to see you again. (不定式) did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 are you afraid of the snake? 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.
补语 – 补充说明名词的成分,通常出现在主语或宾语后边。
✓ 宾语补足语. ✓ 主语补足语(表语); ✓ 补足语的形式结构:
英语五大句子基本结构ppt课件
状
谓
定
定
places in Australia.
宾
定
精选课件
He has just bought a car and has gone
to Alice Springs,a small town in the
centre of Australia.
He has just bought a car and
主
谓
状
状
I looked at the young man and the
young woman angrily.
I looked at the young man and the
主
谓
宾
young woman angrily.
宾
状精选课件
I read a few lines, but I didn’ t
主
谓
状
连主
didn’t send cards to my friends.
谓
宾
精选课件 状
I got up early and bought thirty cards.
I got up early and bought thirty cards.
主谓
状
连
谓
定
宾
He is working for a big firm and he has
精选课件
简单句基本句型实例
主语 + 不及物动词 She came ./ My head aches. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
She likes English. 主语 + 系动词 + 主语补语 She is happy.
主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me.
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形容词性物主代词作定语 What's your name,please? 请问你叫什么名字? Whose picture is it? 这是谁的画? This is my bag. 这是我的包。
4
数词作定语 We have four lessons in the morning. 我们上午上四节课。 Hainan is the second largest island of
China. 海南是中国第二大海岛。 There are four apples on the table. 桌子上有四个苹果。
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介词短语作定语
Who is the woman with a baby in her arms? 那位抱孩子的女人是谁? They stayed at the hotel opposite the station. 他们住在车站对面的旅馆。 The house next to the post office is my home. 邮局旁边的那座房子就是我家
他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
The room is comfortable to live in. 这房间住起来舒服。
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分词短语作状语
Working in this way, they greatly cut the cost.用这种方法,他们大大地降低了 成本。
Compared to many women, she is indeed very fortunate.和很多妇女相比,她的 确很幸运。
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形容词作状语
He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.他在风雪中过了 七天,又冷又饿。
Tired and hungry, he arrived home.他到 家了,又累又饿。
Afraid of the dogs, she entered by the back door.由于怕狗,她从后门进去。
状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、 方式、程度等。可作状语的有:副词、 介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、 词组、复合结构、从句。
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副词作状语
Speak politely.说话要有礼貌。 It is very nice of you.你真好。 Read loudly.大声读。
8
分词作定语
Barking dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗少咬人。 Polluted air is harmful to people's health. 污染的空气对健康有害。 This is one of the houses built last year. 这是去年建造的房子中的一座。
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补语
补语是一种补足主语和宾语意义的句子 成分,补足主语意义的句子成分叫做 主语补语,补足宾语意义的句子成分 叫做宾语补语。可作补语的词语有形 容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短 语等。
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名词作补语
They named the child Jimmy. 他们给孩子取名吉米。 We call him Mr.Chen. 我们叫他陈老师。 The cat is named Kitty. 那只小猫名叫Kitty.
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句子作定语
句子作定语即是定语从句 She has found the necklace that she lost
two weeks ago. 她找到了两年前丢的项链。 It happened at the time when I left the
office. 这ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้就发生在我离开办公室之时。
10
定语、状语、补语
定语 用来修饰名词或代词,可分为前置定
语和后置定语。一般由形容词、形容 词性物主代词(my、his、your、her 等)、数词、介词短语、不定式短语、 分词或句子充当。
2
形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 那辆黑色的自行车是我的。 She is a beautiful girl. 她是一位漂亮的姑娘。 The tall boy is Jimmy. 那个高个的男生是Jimmy.
6
不定式短语作定语
不定式 不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形。 I have nothing to worry about. 我没什么好担忧的。 He gave me some books to read. 他给我一些书看。 注:不定式不能做谓语。
7
不定式作定语
Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗? There is nothing to worry about. 没什么好担心的。 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。
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介词短语作状语
At present about 38% of the Chinese population smoke.目前中国大约有 38%的人吸烟。
To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him.使他吃惊的是,她不仅 没有表扬他反而批评了他。
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形容词作补语
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此外,词组、复合结构、从句也可作状语 如:
I'll stay here another five months. 我将在这里再呆五个月。(词组作状语) He entered the room, his nose red with
cold. 他走进房间,鼻子冻得通红。(复合结构) He asked me to stay where I was. 他要我留在原处。(从句作状语)
I'll be back in two hours. 我两小时内赶 回来。
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不定式作状语
To search for gold, many people went to California.
为了找黄金,很多人到加利福尼亚去。
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.