医学专业英语词根

Suffix Meaning Example-ac pertaining to属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule分子的-ary pertaining tobelonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-cle smallness小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊-e an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的, 喉音的-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学-ine/in substance 物质insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas胰岛素-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-ist one who specializes in精通于……的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家-itis inflammation refers to a partin……部位的炎症rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)um relation to a whole; related to与……相关endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing止咳药-let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴-ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is being developed; action o f becoming mature-oid resembling; like像mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome细胞中心粒；中心体-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin 皮肤纤维瘤-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体-ory characterized by; pertainingto suspensory: which is hanging down 悬吊式，悬带-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体-um structure; thing; substance结构，物质magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）-y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffix Meaning Example-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carcinom a malignant tumor developingfrom connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌-cele protrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔p aracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cide kill germicide: (substance) which can kill germs杀菌剂-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/ -ectasis expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张-ectomy surgical excision or removalofgastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术-edema excessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not pro duce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emia blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病-emesis vomiting 呕吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gen something that produced orprouduces pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体-genesis production 生产spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生-globin protein蛋白质hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes血红素-gnosis knowledge diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination-gram image; picture electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram心电图-graph(y) process of recording记录过程electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocard iograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录-iasis condition; state情况，状况cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症-iatry/ -iatrics healing, frequently refers toa branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支podiatry: treatment of foot disorders足部医疗-lith stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石-logy the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学-logist one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生-lysis breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血-malacia softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化-mania extreme compulsion or preoccupation强迫症kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖-megaly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症-metry/ -meter measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaledor the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)-odynia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛-one hormone荷尔蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood,bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素-opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近视-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检-osis morbid condition病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失-ostomy process of making an opening into or a connection between造瘘gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术-oxia level of oxygen氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧-pathy disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病-penia deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症-pepsia digestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好--pexy a fixing or setting firmly inplace by suturing 缝合固定hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术-phagia/phagyeating; swallowing 吃，吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难-phil attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains gran ules嗜碱性粒细胞-phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大-phonia voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难-plasm formation; growth or substance of formationcytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆-plasty surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术--plegia stroke; paralysis 中风thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病-pnea breathing eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸--ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂-ptysis spitting分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰-poiesis production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用-rrhage/-rrhagiabursting forth of blood 出血menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多-rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术-rrhea overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢-(o)rrhexi s splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac羊膜破裂-sarcoma malignant tumor developingfrom connective tissue liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat 脂肪肉瘤-schesis a holding back; suppressionof discharge阻碍；抑制排放uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留-sclerosis a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病-scope instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器-scopyprocess of examining visuall y hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查 -spasminvoluntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel 血管痉挛 -stasis suppression; stoppage; contr ol; arrest 抑制，中止 hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding止血，止血法-stenosis abnormal narrowing of a du ct or canal 管、道德异常狭窄laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄-stomy surgical opening to the outsi de of the body 造口 colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术-tention pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压-therapy treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means 物理疗法--tion process hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized 住院-tocia labor; birth 生产 embryotocia: abortion 流产-tome tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀-tomy process of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术-tropiaturning 转弯，变向 esotropia: turning inward of the eye 内斜视 -trophy nourishment or development of an organ 器官的营养、发育dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良-uria a condition of the urine （小便）dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难-version turning eversion: a turning outward 外翻，翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes Prefix Meaning Examplea-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully 失语症ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus 流产ad- to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的acro- a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh 嵌甲alb- white albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation 白发病者amb-/ ambi- both ambisexual 、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋amphi-/ ampho- both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel 起止同源的血管ana- up; back again anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances onthe basis of simpler ones 合成代谢Angio- a blood vesselangioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel 血管瘤ante- before antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的anti- against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂audi- hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定auto- self autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s own cells自身抗体bi- two; twice bicellular: two cells两室的bio- living organisms生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学brady- slow bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulserate心动过缓carcin- carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物cata- downwards; under; against;along with cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes ha rd and opaque白内障centi- one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米co(n)- with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的contra- against contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs避孕法，节育法de- removal or loss decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的deca- ten decagram: ten grams 十克deci- tenth deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升di- two diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言dia- through; between; apart; across diathermy: process of (treating) through heat透热疗法dis- reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂dys- bad; difficult; disordered dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形echo- sound echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术ect-/ ecto- outside or outer ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤en- in; within enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣endo- inside endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜epi- on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮ery- red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞eso- inward; within(向内) esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视eu- good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学ex-/ exo-out of exhale: to breath out 呼出extra- outside extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的hemi- half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydro- water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as thescrotum阴囊积水hyper- higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症hypo- less or too little hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾in- in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配in- not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次infra- below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌inter- between interlobular: between lobules小叶间的intra- inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内itro- into introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人mal- bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障meta- changes metaplasia: change of one tissue to another化生，转化，组织变形micro- very small microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞mid- middle midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的milli- one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis- error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产multi- many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇noct- at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症nona- nine or the nineth nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形octa- eight octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的odont- teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disordersonco- tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学oro- mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的pachy- thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚pali-/ palin- against; pathologic repetition病态的重复palindromic: (disease) which recurs复发的，再发的pan-/pa nt-/ panto- all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症para- similar to or near; changed or b eyond paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot funct ion使麻痹，使瘫痪pen-/ penta- five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine戊糖尿per- through percutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的peri- around pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎pero- deformed or defective畸形有缺陷的peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs 四肢不全pharma co- drugs pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, properties and characteristics药理学，药物学pleo-/ pleio- too many pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid多核细胞pluri- more pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的pneum-/ pneun mo- air or the lungs; breathing pneumonia: inflammation of a lung肺炎poly- touching many organs polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症post- after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的pre- before of in front of premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产presby- old age presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually老花眼pro-/ supin-/ pron- before or in front oflying on the backbend forwardprognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease预测；预后quadri-/ quint- fourfive/fifthquadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a mother at the same time四胞胎radio- ray or radiation radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法semi- half semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂sub- under submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层的；粘膜下的super- above; extremely superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多syn- with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments韧带联合supra- above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺tachy- fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速tetra- four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial diseases 四环素trans- across; through; beyond transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from one person to another 传染tri- three tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎ultra- beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic sound waves 超声波学uni- one uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的xen(o)- strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between animals of differentspecies 异种移植物。