英语语法句子的种类
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英语的并列句一般情况下引不起巨大的阅读 障碍,因为在分句之间往往有固定的连接词 说明前后分句的关系。这样的连接词有以 and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词、以 or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词、以but 为代表的表示转折的并列连词和表示原因的 for四个类型。对此我们分别举例句来说明问 题:
❖ 第一种 and型, ( and, both A and B, not only A but also B, neither A nor B )
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
简单句, 并列句, 主从复合句
❖ 1) 简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主 谓结构句子叫简单句,
❖ She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
(主) (谓)
❖ 2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个 或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间 通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
主句
从句
我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种 基本句型组合、扩展、变化来的:
I 句子成分
❖ 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词 与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关 系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子 成分由词或词组充当。 英语的基本成分有六 种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、 表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定 语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)
❖ What matters is how you live. 重要的是你如何生活。
1、简单句
不管是我们阅读还是写作,构造和理解简单句都是最基本 的技能。在这个技能中,记住一点是十分重要的。也就是 说:在英语简单句中,只能有而且(一般情况下)必须有 一个谓语部分。英语的简单句只有五种基本句型,也就是 我们上面提到的五中基本句型,所有的英语句子都不能离 开这五种基本句型,所以我们把它们谙熟于心是非常重要 而且大有裨益的。再重复一下,这五种句型是:
3、复合句( complex sentence )
❖ 如果一个句子充当另一个句子的组成部分, 如主语、 宾语、 表语、同位语、定语、 状语等, 具有这样 结构的句子称为主从复合句。充当某一成分的句子 称为从句, 带着从句的句子称为主句。从句对主句 的关系是从属关系。主句和从句之间有一定的连接 词加以连接。从属关系的复合句包括名词性从句 (Nominal Clauses)(包括主语从句、表语从句、 宾语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句(Relative Clauses)、状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。
❖ 以上是由 whose 引导的定语从句,而定语从句 可归纳为我们今天要讲的句子种类当中的一 种.
英语语法 --句子的种类
英语系大学英语第二教研室 2011.10.29
按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、 祈使句和感叹句。
❖ 1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈 述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。 (说明事实) The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) │saw them getting on the bus.
❖ 注意:以上只是五个基本句型,但是我们在阅读中 碰到的是更为复杂的句子。英语中任何复杂的句子 都是在这五个句型 上的延伸。下面以基本句型五为 例的一个句子来扩充一个基本句型。通过加上适当 的定语,状语等,我们可以使句子更血肉丰满:
II 基本句型
❖ 基本句型一: S V (主+谓) ❖ I’m standing. ❖ 基本句型二: S V P (主+谓+表) ❖ The dinner smells good. ❖ 基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾) ❖ Who knows the answer? ❖ 基本句型四:
S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) He brought you a dictionary. ❖ 基本句型五:
❖ 注意:
定语:定语对名词或代词加以修饰或限定。
状语:状语主要修饰动词、形容词或副词。
We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了在听一个重要报告的学生和教师。
Story
❖ A man got on a train and sat down in a compartment which was empty except for one lady. She took her gloves off. A few hours later the woman was found dead and the man was arrested by the police. They held him for 24 hours and were then legally forced to let him go free.
❖ c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? ❖ d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对? ❖ 3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求, 建议或发出命令, Sit down, please. 请坐。 Don't be nervous! 别紧张! ❖ 4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说 话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪, What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
❖ The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (谓)
(主) (谓)
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主 句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由 从属连词引导
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
❖ KEY WORDS: garden, lover, 30 years, disappear, jail
The solution to the story
❖ Thirty years before, the gloved lady had been married to the man on the train. She and her lover had disappeared and left the country. Before vanishing they had cut off the two middle fingers of her left hand and buried them in the garden. The police found the fingers while investigating her disappearance and accused the man of murdering his wife and burying the rest of her elsewhere. He was jailed for 30 years for a crime he had not committed. He did not recognize her at first on the train. When she took off her gloves he did. He killed her. The police had to release him as he had served his life sentence before committing the crime it was for.
SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd。
其中S = Subject,也就是主语;V = Verbal phrase,也 就是谓语部分;C = Complement ,表示跟在系动词之后 的补语;O = Object,也就是句子的宾语,在最后一种句 型中包括间接宾语和直接宾语。
2、并列句(compound sentence)
So from the story we know that
❖ 1.The woman whose fingers were cut off was the man’s wife.
2.The man whose wife had run away with another man was jailed for 30 years.
1.The camera takes good pictures, and the price is reasonable.
2.He doesn’t care for money, nor does he care for fame.
❖ 第二种 or型 ( or, either ... or )
1.The children can go with us , or they can stay at home.
❖ 2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。 有以下四种:
❖ a. 一般疑Biblioteka Baidu句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?
❖ b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live? 你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listeing to an important report made by a comrade fro m the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东 欧局势的重要报告的学生和教师。
2.Take a map with you, or you will be lost.
第三种 but型 ( but, while… ) 1.He doesn’t earn much, but he spends money freely. 2.Some people waste food, while others have none. 第四种 for型 1. He must have done something wrong, for the teacher called him to the office. 2. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
❖ 下面我们分别来探究一下什么是名词性从句, 定语 从句, 状语从句。
4.名词性从句:在句子中充当主语、宾语、 表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾 语从句、表语从句和同位语从句, 这些从句 统称为名词性从句。
❖ (一)主语从句 在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
❖ That you are leaving is a pity. 你要走,真遗憾。
❖ 第一种 and型, ( and, both A and B, not only A but also B, neither A nor B )
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
简单句, 并列句, 主从复合句
❖ 1) 简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主 谓结构句子叫简单句,
❖ She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
(主) (谓)
❖ 2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个 或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间 通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
主句
从句
我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种 基本句型组合、扩展、变化来的:
I 句子成分
❖ 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词 与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关 系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子 成分由词或词组充当。 英语的基本成分有六 种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、 表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定 语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)
❖ What matters is how you live. 重要的是你如何生活。
1、简单句
不管是我们阅读还是写作,构造和理解简单句都是最基本 的技能。在这个技能中,记住一点是十分重要的。也就是 说:在英语简单句中,只能有而且(一般情况下)必须有 一个谓语部分。英语的简单句只有五种基本句型,也就是 我们上面提到的五中基本句型,所有的英语句子都不能离 开这五种基本句型,所以我们把它们谙熟于心是非常重要 而且大有裨益的。再重复一下,这五种句型是:
3、复合句( complex sentence )
❖ 如果一个句子充当另一个句子的组成部分, 如主语、 宾语、 表语、同位语、定语、 状语等, 具有这样 结构的句子称为主从复合句。充当某一成分的句子 称为从句, 带着从句的句子称为主句。从句对主句 的关系是从属关系。主句和从句之间有一定的连接 词加以连接。从属关系的复合句包括名词性从句 (Nominal Clauses)(包括主语从句、表语从句、 宾语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句(Relative Clauses)、状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。
❖ 以上是由 whose 引导的定语从句,而定语从句 可归纳为我们今天要讲的句子种类当中的一 种.
英语语法 --句子的种类
英语系大学英语第二教研室 2011.10.29
按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、 祈使句和感叹句。
❖ 1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈 述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。 (说明事实) The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) │saw them getting on the bus.
❖ 注意:以上只是五个基本句型,但是我们在阅读中 碰到的是更为复杂的句子。英语中任何复杂的句子 都是在这五个句型 上的延伸。下面以基本句型五为 例的一个句子来扩充一个基本句型。通过加上适当 的定语,状语等,我们可以使句子更血肉丰满:
II 基本句型
❖ 基本句型一: S V (主+谓) ❖ I’m standing. ❖ 基本句型二: S V P (主+谓+表) ❖ The dinner smells good. ❖ 基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾) ❖ Who knows the answer? ❖ 基本句型四:
S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) He brought you a dictionary. ❖ 基本句型五:
❖ 注意:
定语:定语对名词或代词加以修饰或限定。
状语:状语主要修饰动词、形容词或副词。
We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了在听一个重要报告的学生和教师。
Story
❖ A man got on a train and sat down in a compartment which was empty except for one lady. She took her gloves off. A few hours later the woman was found dead and the man was arrested by the police. They held him for 24 hours and were then legally forced to let him go free.
❖ c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? ❖ d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对? ❖ 3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求, 建议或发出命令, Sit down, please. 请坐。 Don't be nervous! 别紧张! ❖ 4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说 话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪, What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
❖ The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (谓)
(主) (谓)
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主 句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由 从属连词引导
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
❖ KEY WORDS: garden, lover, 30 years, disappear, jail
The solution to the story
❖ Thirty years before, the gloved lady had been married to the man on the train. She and her lover had disappeared and left the country. Before vanishing they had cut off the two middle fingers of her left hand and buried them in the garden. The police found the fingers while investigating her disappearance and accused the man of murdering his wife and burying the rest of her elsewhere. He was jailed for 30 years for a crime he had not committed. He did not recognize her at first on the train. When she took off her gloves he did. He killed her. The police had to release him as he had served his life sentence before committing the crime it was for.
SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd。
其中S = Subject,也就是主语;V = Verbal phrase,也 就是谓语部分;C = Complement ,表示跟在系动词之后 的补语;O = Object,也就是句子的宾语,在最后一种句 型中包括间接宾语和直接宾语。
2、并列句(compound sentence)
So from the story we know that
❖ 1.The woman whose fingers were cut off was the man’s wife.
2.The man whose wife had run away with another man was jailed for 30 years.
1.The camera takes good pictures, and the price is reasonable.
2.He doesn’t care for money, nor does he care for fame.
❖ 第二种 or型 ( or, either ... or )
1.The children can go with us , or they can stay at home.
❖ 2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。 有以下四种:
❖ a. 一般疑Biblioteka Baidu句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?
❖ b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live? 你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listeing to an important report made by a comrade fro m the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东 欧局势的重要报告的学生和教师。
2.Take a map with you, or you will be lost.
第三种 but型 ( but, while… ) 1.He doesn’t earn much, but he spends money freely. 2.Some people waste food, while others have none. 第四种 for型 1. He must have done something wrong, for the teacher called him to the office. 2. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
❖ 下面我们分别来探究一下什么是名词性从句, 定语 从句, 状语从句。
4.名词性从句:在句子中充当主语、宾语、 表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾 语从句、表语从句和同位语从句, 这些从句 统称为名词性从句。
❖ (一)主语从句 在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
❖ That you are leaving is a pity. 你要走,真遗憾。