高中写作writing--summary-.
高中英语写作课-Summary_Writing
高中英语写作课Summary Writing教学设计教材分析：“读写任务”是高考的重要题型，它要求学生通过阅读材料，获取信息并概括要点，在此基础上，写出自己的内容。
这就要求学生具备较强的概括水平。
虽然学生已经非常熟悉这种题型，但很多同学在概括文章要点时还存有一定的困难。
学情分析:高三的学生在英语语言知识和英语写作技能方面已经有了一定的基础，他们对如何写摘要都有一定的理解。
1．根据教育心里学的观点, 不同年龄阶段的学生具有自身特有的心理活动, 教学要根据学生的年龄特征以获取更好的效果. 高三的学生大多18、19岁,其个体思维的发展正处于初步成熟期，他们在学习行为上表现更主动。
在学习策略上，他们：1) 会积极探索适合自己的英语学习方法2) 会通过不同信息渠道获取所需信息3）遇到实际困难时，会有效地寻求协助2．高三（3）班是一个理科班，学生有重理轻文的倾向，在用英语实行交际时还存有一定的困难，局部学生可能在完成任务的过程中会遇到一些困难。
教学目标：1．［语言知识目标］写摘要的三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。
2．［技能和策略目标］阅读时找主题句和四个写摘要的微技能3．［水平、情感、态度目标］培养学生的书面表达水平；培养学生合作精神和竞争的意识。
设计理念：1．以探究式教学理论为依据，采取“任务型”教学模式（task—based model），让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与、合作和竞争等方式, 实现任务目标，感受成功.2．渗透主体性合作式学习理念，发挥学生的主体性和教师的指导性作用，让学生在一个轻松、愉快、民主的气氛中获取英语知识和培养英语使用水平。
教学媒体：本节课采取了传统和现代相结合的教学手段，既使用了黑板和粉笔，又使用了电脑制作了多媒体课件。
教学方法设计：合作探究法：个人、2人或4人小组为单位，参与英语的各项交际活动。
教学过程设计及简要分析：Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Lead-in :Task 1: Students read and pick out the topic sentence.----finished by students aloneMaterial One: Reading —Topic sentencePassage 1A terrible earthquake broke out in Istanbul, the capital of Turkey, on the early morning of September 14, 2006, at 4 o’clock. As most people were still in deep sleep when the earthquake was happening, all the people were in a panic, which led to a disastrous result—about 200 people were killed in the earthquake, and many more were seriously injured, with hundreds of thousands homeless. The local government is organizing the rescue and the international aid has also come from many countries, including China.Which of the following is the topic sentence?1 A terrible earthquake broke out in Istanbul.2About 200 people were killed in the earthquake.3The international aid has also come from many countries, including China.4All the people were in a panic during the earthquake.Passage 2Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another. The journeys were often long, tiring and dangerous. Today the picture has changed.. There are first-class ships and airplanes to take people where their dreams lie, whether within one’s country or abroad. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical. So we can say transportation has been improved a great deal.Which of the following is the topic sentence?5Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another.6Today the picture has changed.7Transportation has been improved a great deal.8Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical. Step 2 Instruction and DrillingTask 2: 1) Students reflect and summarize how to write a summary.----finished by students alone or in pairsPoint out four skills of summary writing.2) Students do some exercises.----finished by students first individually then in pairsMaterial Two: RewritingRewrite the following sentences ------- (each with one sentence).1. Kate looked at Paul and said angrily, “You put too much salt on your food.”_________________________________________________________________ ______2.She bought a lot of vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes,potatoes and some eggs. She intended to invite all his friends for her birthday party at the weekend._________________________________________________________________ ______3.Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from theirparents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much time on the Internet and playing computer games._________________________________________________________________ ______Step 3 ConsolidationTask 3: Students use the skills acquired from the above and fill in the blanks. Material 3 Summary1. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks.It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep. So I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, “I don’t think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “I enjoy cleaning windows at night.”“So do I,” answered the policeman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when he’s busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?”“Well, I’d prefer to stay here,” I said. “You see, I’ve forgotten my key.”“You what?” he called.“My key,” I shouted.Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.Summary:On arriving home early in the morning, the writer failed to ______________________________ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to _________________________________, but was found by ___________________. Soon his shouting woke his wife.Task 4: Students write a summary alone with about 30 words .2. Write a summary with about 30 words.Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when ads give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a wise choice when he buys something. It is useful because it can help the customer know more about the kinds of goods available in the shops.However, some ads are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want unnecessary things by doing ads cleverly. They set out to make us believe what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. For example, the voice on TV says, “By using our SKII, it makes your skin crystal” The screen shows a series of pictures in which a famous actress not only has her skin whitened but also has her pronounced wrinkles silkily smoothed. Some ladies with dark skin will be persuaded to choose that cosmetic（化妆品）.Task 5: Check it in a group of four.Step 4 AssignmentWrite a summary on Page 186.Reflection(反思)：本节课遵循循序渐进，螺旋式推动课堂教学的原则，对课题“Writing a summary”实行教学。
高考英语写作——summary-writing(共29张PPT)
She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation.
Summary Writing
Ⅰ. Definition A summary is a brief
restatement of essential thought of a longer composition.
--- omit the details. --- reduce the examples. --- simplify the descriptions. --- eliminate all repetitions.
高 考 英 语 写 作—— summar y-writ ing(共 29张PP T)
He was very brave in battle.
高 考 英 语 写 作—— summar y-writ ing(共 29张PP T)
高 考 英 语 写 作—— summar y-writ ing(共 29张PP T)
The account the witness gave of the incident made everyone that heard it laugh.
高 考 英 语 写 作—— summar y-writ ing(共 29张PP T)
10. (continuing) --- Use general words instead of specific
words e.g. She brought home several Chinese and
English novels, and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation. → She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.
高考英语写作辅导-写作概要writing--summary精品ppt课件
1.Read
①topic:
There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt
② structure In what order does the passage develop to show the different “attitudes”?
⑤ 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面， 评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 ⑥ 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档 次。
解读之内涵篇 概要写作：
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要
• 评分要点 • 1）理解准确，涵盖全部要点 • 2）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 • 3）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑 • 4）完全使用自己的语言
2.Explore （探究）
There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt supporting ideas
Find out the topic sentences of each paragraph
Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtEuropean in a friendly way. Henry Examples of some countries IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
(完整版)高考英语summary写作【终极版】.doc
高考英语summary 写作【终极版】写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1)删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2)避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
3)删除具体例子。
不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到 30 个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。
注：原文中可能包括 5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
4)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“ She brought homeseveral Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”5)把文章的对话或直接引语 (的要点 )改成间接引语叙述。
6)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
7)压缩长的句子。
如下列两例：“ His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like. ”可以概括为：“He was very brave in battle.”“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”8) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
浙江新高考作文概要写作summarywriting
Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. As a result, the owner of the restaurant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan.
2. Chen Yan complained he was being overcharged and were
beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff. Chen’s complaint
immediately spread on China’s social media.
received 3. The restaurant got its due punishment and relevant government
departments would also be investigated and punished.
tagged the price, which raised doubt among netizens again.
Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served, Huso, was not the real wild species, but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price. Since the prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consumers, the restaurant got its due punishment. Meanwhile, relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished.
summary-writing(原文及范文)
s u m m a r y-w r i t i n g(原文及范文)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1summary writing(原文及范文）WritingDirections: For this part, you are to write a summary of either of two articles that are presented to you in the following. Your summary should be 150-200 words. Remember to write neatly.Science and HumanityThe twentieth century saw more momentous change than any previous century: change for better, change for worse; change that brought enormous benefits to human beings, change that threatens the very existence of the human species. Many factors contributed to this change but—in my opinion—the most important factor was the progress in science.Academic research in the physical and biological sciences has vastly broadened our horizons; it has given us a deep insight into the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous evolution. Technology—the application of science—has made fantastic advances that have affected us beneficially in nearly every aspect of life: betterhealth, more wealth, less drudgery (单调沉闷的工作), greater access to information.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of sciencehas been employed to the detriment(损害) of mankind. The application of scienceand technology to the development and manufacture of weapons of mass destruction has created a real threat to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use in combat has so far occurred only in 1945—when two Japanese cities were destroyed— during the four decades of the Cold War, obscenely huge arsenals(武器库) of nuclear weapons were accumulated and made ready for use.The arsenals were so large that if the weapons had actually been detonated (爆炸) the result could have been the complete extinction of the human species, as well as of many animal species.William Shakespeare said: "The web of our life is of a mingled (混合的) yarn, good and ill together. " The above brief review of the application of only one strand of human activities— science—seems to bear out this adage (格言). But does it have to be so Must ill always accompany good deeds Are we biologically programmed for aggression and warI am not an authority in genetics, but from my readings and life-long observation I do not see any evidence that we are genetically condemned to commit evil. On the contrary, on very general grounds I would say that genetically we are destined to do things that are of benefit to the human species, and that the negativeaspects are mistakes, transient errors in the process of evolution. In other words, I believe in the inherent goodness of Man.We are thus faced with a daunting (威吓，使胆怯) dilemma. As a process ofnatural evolution, science should be allowed to develop freely, without restrictions. But can we afford the luxury of uninhibited research in the natural sciences, with itsawesome (可怕的) potential of total destruction, in a world in which war is still arecognized social institutionThe preservation of the human species and its continuing enhancement demand that we learn to live with one another in peace and harmony. But thislearning process has been slow and arduous (费力的), and is not yet complete. Dueto the harsh conditions under which primitive man lived, he often had to fight with other human beings for survival. Individual killing and, later, collective killing—war—thus began to be seen as a natural phenomenon.We are still not organized for a war-free world. But in the meantime, the human species may be brought to an end by the use of the tools of destruction, themselves the product of science and technology.In my opinion, the problem has to a large extent arisen from the uneven rate of advance in the different areas of human activities, in particular, between the progress in the natural sciences—which include the physical and biological disciplines, and the various social sciences—economics, sociology, politics (with psychology perhaps at the interface between the two major groups). Undoubtedly, there has been much faster progress in the natural sciences than in the social ones.Why have the natural sciences, especially the physical sciences, advanced so much faster than the social sciences It is not because physicists are wiser or cleverer than, say, economists. The explanation is simply that physics is easier to master than economics. Although the material world is a highly complex system, for practical purposes it can be described by a few general laws. The laws of physics areimmutable (不可改变的). They apply everywhere, on this planet as well aseverywhere else in the universe, and are not affected by human reactions and emotions, as the social sciences are.How can we tackle this unevenness in the rate of progress of of science Two ways come to mind: one, by accelerating the rate of progress in the social sciences; two, by slowing down the rate of advancement of the natural sciences in some areas, for example, by the imposition of ethical codes of conduct.Clearly, the former is by far the preferable way. What we would like to see is faster progress in the social sciences, leading to the establishment of a social system which would make war not only unnecessary but unthinkable; a system in which the existence of old, or the invention of new, weapons of mass destruction, would not matter, because nobody would dream of using them; a system in which people will be able to say: “nuclear weapons: who cares”Responsibility for one's actions is, of course, a basic requirement of every citizen, not just of scientists. Each of us must be accountable for our deeds. But the need for such responsibility is particularly imperative for scientists, if only because scientists understand the technical problems better than the average citizen or politician. And knowledge brings responsibility.In any case, scientists do not have a completely free hand. The general public, through elected governments, have the means to control science, either by withholding (抑制) the purse, or by imposing restrictive regulations harmful to science. Clearly it is far better that any control should be exercised by the scientists themselves, through a self-imposed code of conduct. The establishment of an ethical code of conduct for scientists is an idea whose time has come.Summary：Science and HumanityThe twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a basic instinct that man tends to protect oneself by fighting with others. The progress in the nautral sciences is much faster than that in social sciences because laws in natural sciences are immutable and apply everywhere and are not affected by human reactions and emotions. For even developmemt and for a better future of mankind, imposition of ethical codes is necessary. Everyone should be responsible for his behavior, especially the scientists. (166 words)China Sees Opportunities in Climate ChangeUNLIKE America’s leaders, China’s bosses are not much troubled by recalcitrant（顽强的）legislatures. The government has therefore had no difficulty in executing a smart volte face（完全改变）on climate change. Around three years ago its fierce resistance to the notion of any limit on its greenhouse-gas emissions started to soften. It now seems to be making serious efforts to control them.One reason for this change is the country’s growing awareness of i ts vulnerability to a warming world. The monsoon（季风）seems to be weakening,travelling less far inland and dumping its rainfall on the coasts. As a result China is seeing floods in the south-east and droughts in the north-west. At the same time the country’s leaders are deeply concerned about the melting of the glaciers on the Tibetan plateau, which feed not just the Ganges, the Indus, the Brahmaputra and the Mekong but also the Yangzi and Yellow rivers .A second reason is China’s growing sense of global re sponsibility. The country is not only the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases; it now regards itself, and is regarded, as one of the world’s leading powers, and therefore expects to work with the other big powers to tackle global problems such as the economic crisis, nuclear proliferation（核扩散）and climate change.A third reason is energy security. Although China has large coal reserves, it is also a big importer. Concerns about excessive dependence on foreign fossil fuels sharpened when China’s oil i mports rocketed and, in 2005, the attempt by CNOOC （China National Offshore Oil Corporation), China’s largest offshore oil and gascompany, to buy America’s Unocal was rebuffed. China’s push into nuclear and renewable energy has been driven by its need to diversify its energy sources.The fourth reason is economic. The Kyoto protocol has given China an incentive to clean up its act. China has received $2 billion through the CDM（Clean Development Mechanism) for cleaning up its industrial processes and building clean-energy capacity—half the money that has flowed through the CDM. That is expected to rise to $8 billion by 2012.But a longer-term economic motive springs from a shift in the way China thinks about growth. In the past, its all-out drive for growth has led it to rebuff pressure to cut emissions. Attempts to control pollution foundered on the performance-assessment system for officials at all levels of government, which prioritises growth. But that has been adjusted to encourage energy efficiency, and at the same time the leadership has started to argue that growth and greenery are compatible.Since Wen Jiabao took over as prime minister, the leadership has tried to define economic growth as something broader and longer-term than GDP figures imply: the emphasis has been on a “harmonious society” and “scientific development”. Nobody was sure what the latter meant, but Mr Wen has recently been talking about a more “resource-efficient environmentally friendly society” and Hu Jintao, the president, has refer red several times to a “low-carbon economy” and a “green economy”.Local pollution may help to explain the shift. Residents are infuriated by filthy air and water that kills people and damages unborn children. Policies to cut carbon-dioxide emissions—through reducing the energy used to produce goods—can help clean up China’s cities at the same time.More interesting is the idea that clean energy might be a source of growth rather than a constraint on it. China, so the argument goes, missed out on the computer revolution. It makes hardware, but American firms own most of the valuable stuff—the intellectual property for the software. “You can’t get rich making socks and toys,” explains Lin Jiang, director of the China Sustainable Energy Programme at the Energy Foundation in San Francisco. “They’re looking for the next growth industry. Clean energy clearly has huge potential. And no country dominates the industry yet. It’s a wide-open field.” Hu Angang, an economist at Tsinghua University, calls this “a huge opp ortunity for China. The country will become the largest renewable-energy market, bio-energy market, clean-coal market, nuclear-power market, carbon-exchange market, environmental-technology market, low-carbon economy, exporter of low-carbon products and low-carbon-technology innovator.”The government is giving the economy a shove in that direction. In 2006 the five-year plan set a target for a 20% cut in the energy intensity of GDP by the end of 2010. The start was slow, but by the end of last year it had managed 10% and it now looks on track for its target. According to Mr Lin, that would mean a reduction in carbon emissions of billion tonnes per year by 2010, more than the Waxman-Markey bill’s caps for domestic industry would take out of America’s econom y by 2020. China has relatively tight vehicle fuel-efficiency standards . Electric vehicles are being generously subsidised ($8,800 for a car and $73,500 for a bus) and the government plans to build the capacity to produce half a million a year by 2012.The most visible changes have come in renewable energy. In 2005 the National People’s Congress passed legislation to offer subsidies for renewable energy—around twice the amount for coal. For wind energy, the target was set at 20GW of capacity by 2020. The subsidy generated so much building that China now expects to hit that target by the end of this year and is aiming for 150GW by 2020. “It’s like a gold rush right now,” says Mr Lin. The target for solar energy, similarly, has been raised from to 20GW by 2020.To put this in context, wind currently generates only % of Chinese electricity. Coal generates 80%. And, although China’s government does not have to jump the legislative hurdles faced by America’s president, it sometimes struggles to get policy implem ented on the ground. Yet if China’s many layers of government canbe persuaded that green means growth, they will cleave（坚持）to this policy; andthe leadership seems keen to make that happen.China, thus, is after the same “green jobs” that Americans have b een promised as part of their road to economic recovery. America has huge advantages in terms of technology and capital, but China has a couple of things going for it too: cheaper labour and a leadership unconstrained by the need to get re-elected every four years. China can play a long game, which helps when dealing with climate change.SummaryChina Sees Opportunities in Climate ChangeIn order to help deal with climate change, Chinese government made a smart change and will make serious efforts to control its greenhouse gas emissions. As a big importer of energy resources, with the raising awareness of its vulnerability to a warming world and the growing sense of global responsibility, with the incentive given by the Kyoto Protocol and $2 billion provided by the CDM for cleaning up its industry processes and building clean-energy capacity, this change is justified for China. Since China's leadership realized that growth and greenery are compatible and advocated to have a "low-carbon" and "green" economy, the government set a target of a reduction in carbon emissions of billion tons per year by 2010 by tightening vehicle-efficiency standards and diversifying its energy sources, such as wind energy. Actually, the practice of "green jobs" is a great opportunity for China to clean up its cities and build clean-energy capacity. In the long run, China will become the largest renewable energy market in the world. With cheaper labours and a stronger leadership, China can play a long game in dealing with climate change. (187 words)。
新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)
2019级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作一. 概要写作题型特点概要写作（summary），《牛津高阶英语词典》（第8 版）对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。
也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。
这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。
考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。
需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。
简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。
概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。
写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
二. 评分原则《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条：本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分；评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
高三英语一轮复习概要写作(summary writing)解析
概要写作(Summary Writing)解析一、概要写作概述：浙江省2018年11月高考中首次出现了概要写作新题型。
相比传统的写作来说，该题型对考生是一个巨大的挑战，是难度较高的写作形式。
(1)任务要求：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
(2)考查要点：概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。
考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合。
故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及概括能力等。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
(3)评分原则：1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
(4)二、样题及分析：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit（好处）of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，MaryRuebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家）, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter（后者）position is gaining some ground.(One possible version)Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time. (要点1) In the 16th century, people believed that dirt on the skin helped protect against disease. (要点2) Since the 18th century, however, people have developed the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease. (要点3)Today, although attitudes to dirt still differ sharply, more and more people choose to believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strong immune. (要点4) (60 words)参考答案分析：精确地表达了文本所有4个要点，并且对文本的内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合；（2）准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候，选用了三个不同的表达方法“believe”，“develop the belief”，“choose to believe”，避免了重复；（3）上下文之间用了恰当的连接词“however”，“although”等，使行文紧凑浑然一体；（4）对文中的要点运用语义转换，完全使用自己的语言来表达；例如要点1用Attitudes towards dirt have been changing代替原文第一段的第二句话there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt；要点2用protect against disease 代替block out against；要点3中用prevent disease代替is good for health；要点4用today代替nowadays，用sharply代替hugely，用more and more people choose to believe 代替gaining some ground；（5）全文60词，非常符合词数要求。
高中英语必修Unit6 Writing a summary
Revision
Linking words
Revision
Linking words
Language
Revision
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs. Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their own gardens. There are many flavours of herbal tea, including traditional lemon and ginger, as well as many unusual flavours such as mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion. Aside from the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits. Some can help people relax, and some, like ginger tea, are good for the immune system, while others, such as mint tea, are beneficial for digestion.
Health benefits
Writing
Writing
Writing
Health benefits It can help people relax. It can help people’s immune systems. It can be good for digestion.
高中英语summary范文
高中英语summary范文高中英语写作中，对于summary这样的主题大家会写吗?下面是店铺给大家带来高中英语summary总结性范文，供大家参阅!高中英语summary范文篇What is a summary?Summary is a short passage giving the main points of an original article. What should we pay attention to when we write a summary? 主题文体记叙文 write a summary 人称议论文时态说明文记叙文的概括：1、时态2、人称 5要素3、____________读写任务(记叙文)：时态、人称、5要素 Who WhatHowWhen wherePractice 1: Before my last birthday,my parents promised to celebrate my birt hday withsad me. I don’t have many unhappy memories but one story took place on my last birthday. Before the birthday, I worked out a plan with my parents. We planned to have dinner together in McDonald’s, my favourite restaurant. Then we would go to the Xinghai Concert Hall for a concert given by a group of famous young singers. And the most exciting thing, of course, was the birthday presents. They promised to give me a new MP3 player. However, something unexpected happened on that day. I went home as early as I could. I waited and waited but my parents didn’t come back. But they finally forgot and I felt angry. I felt angry at first and then upset. How could they treat me this way? They always forgot me just because they were busy with their work. Yes, they were always busy. They broke theirpromise and got home late. After that, my grandmother had a talk with me to help me understand my parents’ situation and that made me feel much better.After talking with my grandma, I felt better.A possible version:According to the passage,the author felt disappointed because his parents forgot to celebrate his last birthday with him. But he came to understand them after talking to his grandmother. Tips: 时态、人称、要素Practice 2: A little boy is telling his Grandma how “everything” is going wrong. School, family problem, severe health problems, etc. Meanwhile, Grandma is baking a cake. She asks her grandson if he would like a cake, which, of course, he does. “Here, have some cooking oil.” “Terrible!” says the boy. “How about a couple raw eggs?” “Terrible! Grandma!” “Would you like some flour then? Or maybe baking soda?” “Grandma, those are all awful!” To which Grandma replies, “Yes, all those things seem bad by themselves, but when they are put together in the right way, they make a wonderfully delicious cake!Grandma used the cake material to show him that…“The trials(考验) of life serve a meaningful purpose in making us stronger. Do not lose heart if life is not easy for you right now, but encourage yourself and know you will be much stronger mentally and physically because of the trials of life.”According to the passage, a little boy complained about problems in life. His grandmother used the cake material to teach him that the trials of life make people stronger.One beautiful spring day a red rose came out in a forest. The red rose looked at a cactus (仙人掌) and said, “ What an uglyplant full of thorns (刺)!” The pine tree said, “ Red rose, what kind of talk is this? Who can say what beauty is? You have thorns too.” The p roud red rose looked angrily at the pine and said, “You don’t know what beauty is. You can’t compare me to a cactus.” Spring passed, and the weather became very warm. Life became difficult as no rain fell. The red rose was dying. One day the red rose saw b irds suck water from the cactus. “Doesn’t it hurt when they bite into the cactus?” asked the red rose. “Yes, but the cactus does not like to see any birds suffer,” replied the pine. “The birds can bring water to you if you ask the cactus for help.” But the red rose felt too ashamed of its past words to ask.(记叙文)寓言文体： ____________ 时态：________________ 人称：____________________ Who What HowWhen where5要素a beautiful roselaughed at the cactus for its appearance felt ashamed when she saw the cactus giving water to help the birdsOnce a beautiful proud rose laughed at the cactus for its appearance. However, when the weather became dry, the rose felt ashamed of itself as she saw the cactus providing birds with water.Score: 4-5二.梗概写作的注意事项1.不要照抄原文。
高考英语summary写作【终极版】word版本
高考英语s u m m a r y写作【终极版】写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2) 避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
3) 删除具体例子。
不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。
注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”5) 把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。
6) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
7) 压缩长的句子。
如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：“He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”8) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
高考新题型之——summary-writing-概要写作
Step2 Read for main idea of each paragragh
6. If you really put the above into practice at once, you will definitely reduce your weight gradually. And wish you have a good figure.
Tip1: The key sentence is usually the first sentence
Step2 Read for main idea of each paragragh
2.Regular physical activity burns calories and builds muscles ---both of which help you look and feel good and keep weight off. Walking the family dog, cycling
I helped an old man
A summary iSs uamshmoartrys?tatement that gives
only the main points of sth, not the details 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、 体裁和结构的前提下，省去细节，用简明、精练的语句高 度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
How to write a good summary?
Steps & Tips
1. Weight loss is most likely to be successful when people change their habits. Here are several ways to make that happen. 2. Regular physical activity burns calories and builds muscles ---both of which help you look and feel good and keep weight off. Walking the family dog, cycling to school, and doing other things that increase your daily level of activity can all make a difference. 3.One reason people get less exercise these days is because of an increase in “screen time”--- the amount of time spent watching TV, looking at the computer, or playing video games. Limit recreational screen time to less than 2 hours per day. When you really get away from “screens”, such as TV, computers, IPad or mobile phones, you will really benefit a lot. 4P. ortion sizes are bigger than they used to be, and these extra calories contribute to obesity. Another key factor in weight gain is that more people drink sugary drinks, such as sodas, juice drinks, and sports drinks. So choose smaller portions (or share restaurant portions) and go for water or low-fat mild instead of soda. 5.People who skip breakfast often feel so hungry that they eat more later on. So they get more calories than they would have if they ate breakfast. In fact, people who skip breakfast tend to have higher BIMs than people who eat breakfast. 6I.f you really put the above into practice at once, you will definitely reduce your weight gradually. And wish you have a good figure.
上海高考英语-概要写作summary_writing
anything, he first gave him a lot of money and then he sat down and took off his leather gloves, beautiful black leather shoes and his black dress socks． Then he handed them to the homeless man．The homeless man took them and stared at him with an open mouth．
man I do not know personally but whose actions gave a new meaning to the words — kind and generous．
I was walking down a busy street on a cold, windy day in early winter. A
Summary Writing
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文 人物+时间+地点+事件（起因 narration +经过+结果）
描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象
√ 说明文
+性质功用+利好”； 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
6. 主动句和被动句互换
Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.
新高考英语作文新题型summarywriting
精选文档2019级高一英语教案新高考英语作文新题型——纲要写作一.纲要写作题型特色纲要写作（summary），《牛津高阶英语字典》（第8版）对它的定义以下:“Asummaryisabriefstatementthatgivesonlythemainpointsofsomethingnotthedetails。
也就是要求考生”在整体掌握原文的前提下，用自己简短、精练的语言，对原文的要旨粗心进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连结的短文，也可称之为纲要。
这一题型一方面考察学生经过阅读获得文章要旨粗心和重点词的能力，另一方面也考察学生的写作能力即用简短的语言归纳文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体构造的掌握能力。
所以，纲要写作是鉴于阅读理解和书面表达的，是两者的有机联合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的交流桥梁。
从《考试说明》上对纲要写作的评分原则以及各品位的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们能够发现纲要写作有以下特色：客观性：纲要写作实际上是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不可以遗漏任何重点，也不可以任意增添内容；写作时要尽可能防止使用原文中的字句。
考生应经过释义的方式，用自己的语言表现原文主要内容。
需要注意的是，考生不可以对原文进行解说和谈论，也不可以混杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，所以不可以出现“Ibelieve”,“I等think 字句。
”简短性：简短是纲要写作的一个明显特色。
纲要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，经过删除原文中的细节省少例证，简化描绘内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简短性，可是简短的同时还要做到意义的完好。
连结性：纲要写作其实不是写纲要那样不过重点的排列。
写纲要时，一定在各重点之间增添一些表现逻辑的关系词，使纲要连接密切、脉络清楚。
写出的纲要读起来要完好连结、独立成篇。
二.评分原则《考试说明》中对于纲要的评分原则中第一条：此题总分为25分，按5个品位给分；评分时，先依据所写纲要的内容和语言初步确立其所属品位，而后以该品位的要求权衡、确立或调整品位，最后给分。
高考英语概要写作summary-writing
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One possible version:
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点 4)
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
新高考之概要写作summary-writing
…
It was thought that…/People believed that…
• In the early 16th century, people thought that
dirt on the skin was a means to block out
disease….
S+V+P
S+V+O
have, exist, S+V+P
changing
opinions， viewpoints
✓People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.
✓Changing viewpoints toward dirt exist.
✓People’s viewpoints towards dirt are changing.
How to write通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心 单词，核心短语和核心句子。 （句子为主，以单词和短语为辅）
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文 narration
人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展 +结果）
✓Now, more people hold the view that children should be exposed to the dirt to have a powerful immune system.
✓More and more people believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. …
高中英语 概要写作(summary)
概要写作（summary），就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，要从一篇350词以内的短文中提炼出60词左右的内容概要，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。
这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。
考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。
需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。
简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。
概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。
写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
我们该如何正确把握概要写作呢？下面以《考试说明》中概要写作的样题为例：首先通过阅读我们知道文章一共有4段，它按照时间的顺序、总-分的方式来陈述人们在不同时期对于“dirt”的不同观点，即Attitudes towards dirt have beenchanging over time。
文章第一段的第二句是全文的主旨，第二、三、四段都是在不同时期人们对于“dirt”的不同看法，基本可以确定attitudes、dirt和time为全文的关键词。
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(范文2) The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will
benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.
The passage says…… This passage states that… In the writer’s opinion,…… The writer thinks that……
One possible version
The passage says getting up early ____in__th_e__m_o_r_n_in_g_i_s_a_g_o_o_d__h_a_b_it_.It enables us to have__a_b_e_t_te_r_m__em__o_ry_,_h_e_a_lt_h_ie_r_b_o_d_y__ and __b_e_tt_e_r _re_p_a_r_a_ti_o_n_fo_r_t_h_e_d_a_y_.____
If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.
One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that way—it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.
love the college life
why
Get himself active in things
广东高考读写任务
The author, Mike, mainly tells us his first year of college life. At first he
didn’t adjust himself well
How to write a good summary of narration and argument?
Summary / Conclusion
1.Narration : Get the information of six elements and combine them smoothly to form a summary.
1. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea):
Getting up early /a good habit /of great importance 2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences)
1.a strong statement of (the topic sentences) opinion. 2.support for the opinion. (supporting
sentences)
3.conclusion/suggestions. (the purpose of the passage)
narration
the six elements of a narrative piece
who when where What (event) How (process) why
Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.
frequently.
Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.
2. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。 即“问题+解决方法”： The passage tells us...(问题),
including...(方法1), ...(方法2)and...(方 法3).
3. 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”： (The author/writer said/talks about)...(现象)of..., because /but...(原因/本质1), and... (原因/本质2).
(范文3) The passage tells us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation
2.Argument : First find out the topic sentences , the supporting sentences and the writer’s conclusion and then summarize them.
我们根据说明文的不同类型, 分别给出三种参考模板： 1. 描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”： (In the passage) the writer introduces... (对象)to us, especially its...(性质或功用), from which we know...(对象带来的利好).
Argument
Task 1: Discussion:
1. What is an Argument? 2. What methods to use when writing a
summary of an Argument?
Argument
The parts of an opinion piece
____________________________,
but after getting active in things for one
term, he a_d__a_p__te__d__t_o__i_t and _e_n__j_o_y_e__d__h__im_ .self
congratulations!
the six elements of a narrative piece
who
When/where /What
Mike
His first year of college
How (process)
At first: toughest…adjustment
Then: got used to it At last:
a better memory a healthier body a better preparation for the day 3. Conclusion/suggestions.
a good habit / benefit a lot
Practice
Now let’s make a summary according to the information above using the following set sentence patterns.