pellicon切向流超滤系统-使用手册
labscale-超滤说明书
10-2
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介绍
Millipore BioProcess Division
图一、实验级切向流浓缩纯化透析系统
实验级切向流浓缩纯化透析系统为一套专为 Pellicon XL 超过滤膜管匣 而设计之简单且容易操作的系统。本系统具有将样品浓缩、纯化以及透析等 功能,乃为实验室必备之应用工具。此系统包括一个 500mL 压克力材质的样 品槽、二个压力表、上下岐管座以及回流调压阀;本系统底座内以安装有磁 式搅拌器和隔膜式泵浦。
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5.8 透析应用 – 真空吸入法 ………….……………....................................................
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5-2
5.2 冲洗管匣
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2-4
2.3 磁式搅拌器及隔膜式帮浦底
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超滤系统及膜包产品手册 (2)
2
Pellicon 盒式膜堆和湍流网道设计
每种膜堆有完全相同的流道结构和长度,性能完全相同,真正达到线性放大。
Pellicon XL50
盒式膜堆 Pellicon XL 50 Pellicon 2
Pellicon 3
膜面积 50 cm2 0.1 m2 0.5 m2 2.5 m2 88 cm2 0.11 m2 0.57 m2 1.44 m2
0.0001 µm
反渗透 0.001 µm
超滤 0.01 µm
0.1 µm
微滤 1 µm
10 µm
净化
100 µm
0.2k Da
200k Da
20,000 kDa
糖类
蛋白质
B.diminuta
氨基酸 核酸
盐
寡核 苷酸
抗生素
碳黑
脊髓 灰质炎病毒
哺乳类病毒
支原体
酵母 大肠杆菌
细菌
红血 细胞
最小可 见颗粒
切向流超滤技术
切向流超滤技术 是目前普遍采用的一种膜分离技术,属于分子量水平的切向流过滤,通常截流分子量范围 :1-1000 kD。 超滤 (Ultrafiltration, UF) 是对溶液中的极小颗粒及可溶性分子进行分离的方法。这种分离主要基于分子的大小,但滤膜介质的 通透性也会受样品的化学、分子及电荷特性的影响。超滤通常只能分离那些大小相差 3-5 倍以上的分子,而不适合分离大小相 似的分子。
Pellicon 2
应用
研发
研发
工艺开发放大
中试或大生产
工艺开发放大
研发
工艺开发放大
中试或大生产
三种湍流网可供选择,A Screen,C Screen,V Screen,适于不同的应用
超滤膜系统操作手册
舟山垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理工程超滤系统操作手册嘉园环保股份有限公司二〇一一年十月目录1、超滤膜系统简介32、运行前准备33、超滤膜的运行43。
1自动控制43。
2手动控制43。
2。
1运行手动控制53.2.2冲洗手动控制53.2.3化学清洗手动控制63.3超滤系统的运行操作63.4超滤系统的清洗73。
4.1酸洗73.4.2碱洗84、超滤膜系统运行日志95、膜装置运行禁止事项106、超滤膜系统的维护111、超滤膜系统简介本工程超滤膜系统设计处理量为160m3/d,整套系统由产水系统、清洗系统、电气控制系统等所组成。
系统采用外置式管式超滤膜,由德国BERCHOF公司生产,型号为83G-I5—V,膜长度为3.0m,膜总面积136m2.系统控制可实现自动、手动控制方式。
在自动控制方式下,系统当中的所有设备动作均由PLC完成;在手动控制方式下,操作人员需在PLC控制面板下完成手动控制。
具体处理工艺流程如图1所示:图1 超滤系统处理工艺流程2、运行前准备系统运行前,检查系统设备是否处于完好状态,水、气、电是否畅通,并检查以下项目: (1)确认就地控制盘柜已合闸上电,将控制柜内所有的断路器扳到“ON”位置,给机组上电。
(2)确认空气压缩机运转正常,开启供气给气动阀的阀门,定期给空压机和储气罐放水。
(3)确认袋式过滤器无堵塞、清洁,避免细小颗粒物(铁屑、沙粒等)进入膜处理系统,对膜组件造成不可挽回的刮伤,因而应定期检查不锈钢网堵塞情况.(4)确认超滤膜处理系统的水泵处于正常状态,所有的气动阀门处于关闭状态,所有手动蝶阀处于全开状态。
3、超滤膜的运行3.1自动控制本套超滤膜处理系统分为手动、自动控制方式。
自动控制分为三种,运行自动控制、冲洗自动控制和化学清洗自动控制。
当采用自动控制时,应在PLC控制面板上将控制方式打到“自动”档.具体控制如图2所示:图2 超滤膜系统控制(一)(1)系统运行自动控制:在“系统运行”一栏按下“启动”,超滤系统自动运行,将中间水池的活性污泥抽至超滤膜,膜透过液进入超滤储水罐,浓缩污泥部分回流到氧化沟,剩余污泥进入调节池。
超滤设备使用说明书
超滤(ULTRAFILTRATION,简称UF)是一种固液分离制程中,以中空纤维过滤膜滤除非溶解性固体的装置。
本超滤系统,其分子量滤除点(Molecular Weight Cut-off)在100,000左右,专设计用于去除原水中的微粒、细菌或悬浮物等,降低原水的浊度值。
由于超滤膜具有低压下的较大产水量的特征,在低压条件下,膜表面的浓水压差极化现象得到了缓解,被截留物不会被压实,所以膜组件会更容易清洗,可以用相对较小的流量和较少的水量将膜冲洗干净,可以大大延长膜化学清洗的周期。
1、设计规范(1)、控制方式:全自动PLC或手动(2)、pH值范围:3~9(3)、工作温度:5~35°C(4)、工作压力:〈 0.3 MPa(5)、最大压差:〈 0.18 MPa2、设计规格3.使用前注意事项(1)、选择装设地点应可防止日晒、雨淋及通风的地方;(2)、连接管材必须是PVC或SUS#316以防止铁锈污染;(3)、检查各固定锁夹及螺丝是否松脱;(4)、送电前应将电器箱上所有开关置于关闭位置;(5)、电机运转方向测试,确认电机运转方向正确。
4. 控制原理UF系统有两种操作模式:(1)自动(2)手动(1)、自动:在自动操作模式下,系统运行受PLC程式控制,当系统发生超出预定值时,系统提供关闭功能,让操作人员及时采取措施,以免造成系统损坏。
(2)、手动:在手动操作模式下,系统依操作者设定执行运转,当系统发生超出预定值时,系统无法提供自动停机保护功能,因此正常运转时不建议使用此模式。
UF装置运行步骤为了使UF装置持续产出满足需要的过滤水,必须满足三个条件。
它们包括:合格的进水水质,合适的反洗时间间隔,及时的化学清洗。
上面的任一条件不满足,装置将难以稳定产出满足需要的过滤水。
在膜过滤过程中,膜污染是一个经常遇到的问题。
所谓污染是指被处理液体中的微粒、胶体粒子、有机物和微生物等大分子溶质与膜产生物理化学作用或机械作用而引起在膜表面或膜孔内吸附、沉淀使膜孔变小或堵塞,导致膜的透水量或分离能力下降的现象。
Pellicon2操作手册1
Millipore BioProcesss Division维护手册Pellicon & Pellicon 2超滤膜堆MILLIPORE目录:手册使用方法................................................................................................................... P 3 Pellicon & pellicon 2 膜堆............................................................ P 4冲洗步骤 ........................................................................................................................... P 5 清洗步骤 ........................................................................................................................... P 6 消毒步骤 ......................................................................................................................... P10 除热原步骤 ..................................................................................................................... P11 水通量的测量................................................................................................................. P12 膜堆的完整性检测......................................................................................................... P14 储存步骤 ......................................................................................................................... P17 化学兼容性 ..................................................................................................................... P19本手册对如何维护Millipore 公司生产的切向流超滤膜、膜堆和超滤系统提供了一些建议。
Pellicon2操作手册[1]
Millipore BioProcesss Division维护手册Pellicon & Pellicon 2超滤膜堆MILLIPORE目录:手册使用方法……………………………………………………P 3 Pellicon & pellicon 2 膜堆…………………………………P 4冲洗步骤…………………………………………………………P 5清洗步骤…………………………………………………………P 6 消毒步骤…………………………………………………………P10 除热原步骤………………………………………………………P11水通量的测量……………………………………………………P12膜堆的完整性检测………………………………………………P14储存步骤…………………………………………………………P17化学兼容性………………………………………………………P19本手册对如何维护Millipore公司生产的切向流超滤膜、膜堆和超滤系统提供了一些建议。
这些建议是根据我们现有的经验和实践编写的,没有将所有可能用到的清洗、消毒和除热原的方法全部列出。
如果本手册中提供的方法不适合于您的应用,请与Millipore公司技术服务部门联络,以获取进一步的信息。
手册使用方法本手册详细介绍了以下的维护程序:•冲洗•清洗•消毒•除热原•水通量NWP的检测•完整性测试方法•保存本手册介绍了在每一步操作时超滤系统的连接方式,以及建议使用的切向流速和膜透压。
在清洗条件建议表中,列明了各种清洗剂的浓度、pH值、时间、温度和与膜的化学兼容性。
清洗剂选择表可以帮助用户根据不同的应用和污染情况,选择相应的清洗剂。
但是很难预测出所有应用所需的清洗剂,所以在清洗剂选择表中也同时列出了可供选择的其他清洗剂。
有一些应用可能需要两步清洗。
在这种情况下,必须用水将第一种清洗剂从超滤系统中完全冲洗干净之后,才可以使用第二种清洗剂,以免不同的清洗剂之间发生对膜堆有害的化学反应。
超滤说明书
超滤说明书Ⅰ、概述超滤是一种液体切向流动和压力驱动的过滤过程,并按分子量大小来分离颗粒,几乎可截留所有的大分子物质和杂质。
通常情况下,可把截留不同分子量的超滤膜看做是不同孔径的系列筛网。
在一定的压力下,它只允许溶剂和小于膜孔径的溶质透过,而阻止水中的悬浮物、微粒、胶体、大分子有机物和细菌等大于膜孔径的溶质通过,以完成溶液的分离、净化、分级及浓缩的过程。
超滤分离的特性有:1.分离过程不发生相变化,消耗能量少。
2.分离过程可以在常温下进行。
3.分离过程仅以低压泵提供的压力作为推动力,设备及工艺流程简单,易于操作、管理及维修。
4.应用范围广,凡溶质分子量在500—500000道尔顿范围内都可以利用超滤分离技术进行分离。
Ⅱ、特点本工程采用凯发——Kristal 600ER超滤膜,具有以下特点:1、超滤膜性能优良Kristal 600 系列超滤膜材质为PES,由于PES具有优秀的化学兼容性和极高的机械强度,因此可在线进行高通量的反向洗、压缩空气擦洗、气水反洗和高清度的化学清洗。
由性能优良的PES(改性聚醚砜)制作的超滤膜丝不仅机械强度高,而且能使膜过滤孔径及其均匀,使超滤产水水质更好。
2、产水水质优异Kristal系列膜产品属于真正意义上的超滤膜,截留分子量为6万和12万道尔顿,可以完全去除胶体颗粒、病毒、细菌以及一些大分子物质,可以获取长期、稳定、优异的出水水质。
在对出水污染物综合指标(SDI)的检测中始终保持最低的数值。
如此,可显著地:(1)带到反渗透系统的污染物较少;(2)反渗透系统的通量较大;(3)延长后续反渗透系统的运行周期;(4)减少化学药剂的使用量;(5)延长反渗透膜的使用寿命;(6)降低膜的更换频率;(7)降低了后段反渗透膜的运行费用。
3、具有专利技术的三层弹性封头,有效避免膜丝在端头的断裂。
Kristal系列超滤膜采用了具有专利技术的三层弹性封头,改变了传统膜丝与封头之间硬连接的状况,通过膜丝与弹性封头间的弹性摆动,可去除膜丝与封头连接处附着的污垢,并避免出现污垢积累而使膜丝齐根断裂的现象。
超滤系统操作规程
1. 目的 规范Pellicon 超滤系统的操作,保证过滤器能有效的去除热源,并延长滤膜的使用寿命。
2. 范围适用于Pellicon 超滤系统的操作。
3. 职责配料人员对本规程的实施,QA 检查员负责本规程的实施监督。
4. 内容 、程序:4.1 安装滤膜:4.1.1 将泵头安装到驱动器上,固定泵头的两个螺丝应拧紧4.1.2 首先应确认进液口,回流口和透出液口)4.1.3 在进液口管路和回流口管路安装三通和压力表,在回流口管路上安装阀门,分别在进液管路,回流管,出液管路安装软管,用喉箍将管子固定。
4.1.4 将膜包夹具的上下两个螺母松开,取下外面的一块不锈钢板,将膜包从存放箱内取出,先安装一块硅胶垫片到夹具上,安装时注意垫片孔。
再安装硅胶垫片到膜包上 。
4.1.5 安装外面的不锈钢板到夹具上,将上下螺母对称拧紧,力矩180-200inb(如没有力矩扳手,用活扳手轻轻拧紧即口)。
4.2 使用前清洗:4.2.1 打开阀门,排空系统中的储存液(如 0.5mol/L NaOH),将循环液管和透过液管放入废液容器,用少量纯水冲洗进液口管头”。
制订部门 制剂生产部 颁发部门 质量保证部 替代 见修订历史部门起草人: 日期: QA 审核人: 日期: 部门审核人: 日期:QP 批准人: 日期:分发部门:质量保证部、制剂生产部4.2.2在干净的容器中加入至少 40L 纯化水,然后根据情况继续补充纯化水。
清洗膜面(不加压清洗):调节泵速至 Pin = 15 – 20 Psi并稳定,测定循环液管流出液体积,不小于 12L;4.2.3清洗膜孔(加压清洗):提高泵速至进口压力达到 Pin=25Psi,调节循环阀至循环口压力至Pout=10Psi,稳定后冲洗至透过液管流出液体积达到 70L 以上为止;4.2.4用PH计测量透过液PH值为7,如>7,则再冲洗至合格。
4.3 完整性测试:排尽系统中的水。
如果需要,用 0.07-0.14bar 的过滤空气通过回流阀门,把残余的水除去。
Pellicon 超滤(UF) 浓稠化(DF)操作指南说明书
Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Merck Millipore or an affiliate. Neither Merck Millipore nor any of its affiliates assumes responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.Introduction .........................................................................................................................................3Objectives, Methods and Materials ...............................................................................................4Installation ...........................................................................................................................................6Pre-use Flushing Procedure ............................................................................................................7Normalized Water Permeability (NWP) Measurement ............................................................9Determination of System Hold-up Volume..............................................................................11System Equilibration ......................................................................................................................12Determination of Optimum TMP ................................................................................................13Concentration ..................................................................................................................................14Diafiltration ......................................................................................................................................15Recovery Operations ......................................................................................................................17Clean In Place (CIP) ........................................................................................................................19Post CIP Normalized Water Permeability Measurement .....................................................20Storage ...............................................................................................................................................21Appendix 1: Diafiltration Buffer Volume Requirements (22)Pellicon ® Ultrafiltration (UF)/ Diafiltration (DF) Operations Protocol GuideIntroductionObjectives of a UF/DF StudyThe objectives of a UF/DF study include determination of cassette capacity (volume/area) and sizing estimations for large volume processing of a given feed stream.Methods of a UF/DF StudyFeed StreamThe feed stream used in the study should be as representative (as possible) to the actual process (temperature, concentration, density, etc.). Initial and filtrate (post-testing) samples should be taken and tested for product recovery.MaterialsPellicon® 3 88 cm2 Cassettes with Ultracel® MembranePellicon® 3 88 cm2 Cassettes with Biomax® MembranePellicon® 2 Mini Cassettes with Ultracel® MembraneObjectives, Methods and Materials AccessoriesAdditional Ordering Information1.1 Set up system per general arrangement drawing. In principle, the tubing lengths should be minimized so as to minimize the working volume of the system. This enhances the ability to reach higher concentrations and lowersnon-recoverable volumes (recovery loss).1.2 The permeate (or filtrate) pressure gauge may be omitted in standard UF operation since there should not be any filtrate pressure in this line.1.3 Install the membrane as per the installation guide included in the membrane device box. Silicone gaskets areincluded in the Pellicon® 2 Device Box and must be used with the Pellicon® 2 membranes to achieve a proper device to holder seal. Pellicon® 3 devices (mini and micro) have gaskets that are integral to the device that make the device to holder seal.1.3.1 When working with micro (0.88cm 2) devices the required torque might be lower than the specification. If during the flushing procedure a high feed pressure (≥14psig) is observed loosen the membrane fromthe holder and re-torque to 140 in-pounds.3-Way Figure 1.UF/DF SystemGeneral Arrangement2.1 Pellicon® devices come from the factory pre-wet with preservative solution that must be removed beforeprocessing product. See Table 1 for flush volume recommendations.2.2 Arrange the system flowpath into the Single-Pass Filtrate Open mode (SPFO) as shown in Figure 2.2.3 Fill the feed vessel with the required purified water volume from Table 1.3-Way Figure 2.Single-Pass Filtrate Open mode (SPFO) ArrangementTable 1.Sanitization Solution and Flushing VolumeMethods2.4 Set the retentate Valve to fully open. Set the pump to supply 5 LMM (L/min/m 2) feed flow rate.2.5 Start the pump and monitor the feed pressure gauge. The pressure should stabilize to between 5-14 psig. If the pressure is outside this guideline, re-check the installation and torque wrench settings.2.6 Set the retentate pressure to 5 psig so as to ensure that the membrane is being fully flushed. Continue until the volume in the feed vessel is minimized, then stop the pump. Do not entrain air into the system.2.7 See Table 1 and add required volume of sanitization solution, to the feed vessel. Set the system in ‘Single Pass’ flow path. Start thepump to displace the water from the lines and the internal volume of the membrane to avoid dilution. When the sanitization solution level in the feed vessel had been minimized, stop the pump before air is entrained into the system.2.8 Set the system flowpath to the total recycle mode (Figure 3). Fill the vessel with required volume of sanitization solution,see Table 1.2.9 Recirculate at 5 LMM feed flowrate for 30-60 min. Set the retentate pressure to ~5 psig to ensure CIP (Clean-In-Place) of the full membrane area.2.10 Stop the pump after the CIP time interval. Return the system flowpath to the SPFO mode (Figure 2). Start the pump again andpump the feed vessel out to the receiver vessel. When CIP solution level in the feed vessel had been minimized, stop the pump before air is entrained into the system.2.11 Fill the feed vessel with purified water and start the pump. Flush the system to drain back to neutral pH. A microcassette basedsystem will require approximately 1 L of purified water. Monitor pH with a meter or pH paper that sensitive in the neutral range.Check both retentate and permeate lines separately to ensure the system is truly back to neutral pH. Stop the pump.Figure 3.Total Recycle Mode3.1 Add additional purified water to the feed vessel if necessary to ensure that the NWP measurement can be made without entraining air into the system.3.2 Set the system flowpath to the total recycle mode. Start the pump and manipulating the feedflow, set the system feed pressure to read 10 psig and the retentate pressure to read 5 psig.3.3 Allow the system to recirculate for a minute or two. Measure the temperature of the feed vessel contents. Set the system flowpath to the UFconcentration mode (Figure 4) and measure the change in mass over an elapsed time of 1 min, to find the permeate flowrate.3.4 Calculate the Normalized Water Permeability of the membrane using the following formulas:Equation 1J = Qp/AWhere: J= Volumetric Flux (L/M 2/Hr) Qp = permeate flow rate in L/hrA =Area of the membrane device(s)andEquation 2NWP = J * F /Transmembrane pressure (TMP)Where: NWP = Normalized Water Permeability (L/M 2/Hr/psid) J= Volumetric Flux (L/M 2/Hr) F = Temperature Correction FactorTMP = Transmembrane pressure (P feed + P ret )/2 – Pperm (pressure drop across the membrane in psid)3-Way Figure 4.Concentration ModeNormalized Water Permeability (NWP) MeasurementTemperatureF TemperatureFTemperatureF*Based on Water Fluidity Relative to 25°C (77°F) Fluidity Value F= (μT°C /μ25°C) or (μT°F/μ77°F)3.5 This is now the baseline permeability of the device. Record this value in the experimental notebook or runsheet.Table 2. Normalized Water Permeability Temperature Correction Factor (F)*4.1 Set the retentate valve to fully open. Adjust the feedflow to 5 LMM and reduce the volume in the feed vessel to just above the vessel discharge. Stop the system pump.4.2 Obtain a suitable container to capture the remaining volume in the system (50 mL tube for a microcassette based system). Record the tare weight of the container. Set the system feed rate to 2-3 LMM.4.3 Set the system flowpath to the recovery mode (Figure 5). Close the permeate isolation valve. Start the pump and collect all of the remainingliquid in the system into the sample container.4.4 Weigh the gross weight of the container and record the net weight of container and convert this to volume. Add 5 mL to the amount to calculate the total hold-up volume in the system for a micro-cassette based system. Add 31 mL to the amount to calculate the total hold upvolume for a mini-cassette based system.3-Way Figure 5.Recovery Mode5.1 Arrange the system flowpath into the Single-Pass, Filtrate Open mode (Figure 2). Open the permeate isolation valve.5.2 Fill the feed vessel with the equilibration buffer volume (see recommended volumes in Table 1).5.3 Set the pump to supply 5 LMM feed flow rate. Set the retentate pressure to 5 psig by restricting retentate flow with the retentate valve.Collect ~ 3 working volumes into the receiver.5.4 Fully open retentate valve, then stop the pump and place the system into the total recycle mode. Start the pump, set retentate pressure to 5psi,and operate in total recycle for ~5 min.=20 psig,5.5 Stop the pump and reset the system in to the SPFO mode. Set the Transmembrane pressure of the system to ~15 psid (e.g., PfeedP=10 psig). Start the pump and reduce the volume in the feed vessel to just above the vessel discharge. Do not withdraw too much liquid retfrom the feed vessel and entrain air into the system. Stop the pump. Open the retentate valve to full open. The system now has just the hold-up volume of buffer in it and is ready to accept the protein feed.5.6 Add the feed to the feed vessel. The total system volume = amount of feed added + the hold-up volume. The total system volume isconsidered Vo and is used to calculate concentration factor, diafiltration number, etc.6.1 Set the system flowpath to the total recycle mode (Figure 3).6.2 Start the agitator. The agitator should spin fast enough to cause a slight depression in the surface of the liquid in the vessel. The agitator should be monitored during the process and never be allowed to vortex the liquid and entrain air or cause foaming.6.3 Set the feedflow to 5 LMM. Allow the system to operate in the total recycle mode for ~5 minutes with the retentate valve fully open. Record temperature, Feed pressure, Retentate pressure and elapsed time. 6.4 Measure the permeate flowrate by redirecting the permeate line to a receiver on a balance or by collecting in a graduate cylinder. Measure thevolume (mass) for 1 min. Record the volume and calculate flux.6.5 Manipulating the retentate valve, increase the Transmembrane pressure by 5 psid. The TMP should increase but the DP (P feed -P ret ) should remain constant (see the example in Table 3).6.6 Repeat this measurement until the membrane flux becomes insensitive with the change in TMP. Reduce the TMP to and re-measure 1-2 of the flux measurements. If they are different by greater than 10% the membrane may have become polarized or fouled. Generally, avoid operating too far into the flux insensitive region.6.6.1 If polarization has occurred a depolarization step is recommended. To achieve this, lower the flow rate to ~10% of the operating feed flow rate and let the system run in total recycle for a minimum of 5 minutes. After the time has elapse re-measure the flux and compare to the original value. If the re-measured flux continues to differ by more than 20% the membrane may be fouled. At this point it is likelythat the flux can only be restored by stopping the experiment and cleaning. (See section 9 for more on depolarization)6.7 The optimum TMP is found by selecting a pressure slightly below the “knee” of the flux vs. TMP curve. In the example the knee of the curve is23-24 psid (Figure 7). The optimum TMP at this concentration is 20 psid.6.8 The Optimum TMP experiment may be repeated at an intermediate concentration and at the final concentration or just the final concentrationto find an over-all process TMP optimum.V o l u m e t r i c F l u x (L M H )Transmembrane Pressure (Psid)302520151050Figure 6.Flux and TMP Excursion Example at 5 LMMTable 3.Flux Excursion Data7.1 Determine the required permeate volume needed to be collected to achieve the target concentration.Equation 3 Vp = Vsi - (Vs i x Conc i / Conc T )Where:= Initial System Volume (Feed Volume + Hold-up Volume)VsiConc= Initial Concentrationi= Target ConcentrationConcTVp = Target Permeate Volume7.2 Zero the balance and set the system flowpath to concentration mode and start the pump and the timer.7.3 Set the TMP to the previously determined optimum TMP. Record time, temperature, the pressures and the permeate weight.7.4 As the concentration step progresses, the feed pressure (and TMP) may rise due to viscosity increase as a function of concentration. Adjust theretentate valve to hold TMP constant. The retentate valve may be fully open before the concentration step is finished. Adjust the pump to hold TMP constant. At higher concentrations the viscosity may become so high, it is not possible to control TMP with the pump. This is aconcentration end point for the fluid & membrane pair. If a higher concentration is still desired, it may be necessary to select a more open screen type.7.5 Once the concentration target is reached, open the retentate valve to full open. Stop the pump and close off the permeate isolation valve.8.1 Arrange the system flowpath to the Vacuum Diafiltration mode (Figure 8).8.1.1 If creating a vacuum is not possible with the equipment being used a second pump can be used to draw the DF buffer into the retentate vessel. The flowrate on the DF buffer pump must be set to match the flowrate of the permeate line. Adjustments to the flowrate of the DF buffer pump might be necessary throughout the process. This will ensure that the concentration within the system remains constantthroughout the diafiltration step.8.2 The amount of diavolumes used for purification of a target impurity is usually selected as the minimum amount of diavolumes required to achieve the purity target, plus a 2 diavolume safety factor. For example, if 6 diavolumes are required to achieve the purity target, then 8 diavolumes are used in the DF step. 1 diavolume is equivalent to the amount of fluid in the system (Vf+Vh-Vp). The number of diavolumes, N required for purification can be calculated by the following equation. Alternatively the figure in Appendix 1 can be used.Equation 4Cf = Ci e-S*NWhere: Cf = Final concentration of solute being diafiltered out Ci = Initial concentration of solute being diafiltered out S = sieving/passage coefficient = C permeate/C retentate)N = Number of diavolumesThe target permeate volume required to achieve the number of calculated diavolumes can be determined using equation 5.Equation 5N*Vs = VpWhere: N = Number of diavolumesVs = Volume in the system post concentrationVp = Target permeate volumeFigure 7.Vacuum Diafiltration ModeDiafiltration8.3 Mark the level in the vessel with a marker or piece of lab tape to be sure that the volume remains constant during diafiltration. Obtaina container with the required amount of DF buffer. Attach the DF line to the feed vessel. Cap off the vessel and pull a vacuum on thevessel headspace with a syringe to prime the diafiltration line.8.4 Start the pump. Adjust the TMP to match the TMP at the end of the concentration step. Record temperature, Feed pressure,Retentate pressure temperature, elapsed time and permeate weight (volume).8.5 When the diafiltration target volume has been reached, open the retentate valve, stop the pump, stop the agitator and close thepermeate isolation valve.9.1 The first step in the recovery operation is depolarization of the membrane. Polarization is a concentration gradient that occurs due to convective transport of protein towards the membrane wall. The depolarization step is recirculation under low feedflow and TMP conditions with the permeate isolation valve shut. Running with the permeate isolation valve closed can give rise to reverse pressure within the device. Limit the ΔP to </=20 psid for Pellicon® 3 devices and </=10 psid for Pellicon® 2 devices.9.2 Arrange the system flowpath to the Depolarization mode (Figure 8) by closing the permeate isolation valve, setting the retentate valve fullyopen and starting the pump. Operate the pump at low feedflow rates – low enough to avoid the ΔP limits outline in step 9.1.9.3 Recirculate the system in the depolarization mode for 5-10 min. Stop the pump after the recirculation time limit.9.4 Set the system flowpath to the blowdown/recovery mode as shown in Figure 9. Pump the protein product out at low ΔP into an appropriate sized container. When air bubbles appear stop the pump. Do not allow the protein product to foam.9.5 Add to the feed vessel 1 minimum working volume of buffer. Start the pump and recover this pool separately in container. As before, when air bubbles appear stop the pump. Do not allow the protein product to foam. Add this buffer chase pool to the recovery pool to increase recovery if the pool can tolerate dilution.9.6 Set the system into the total recycle mode (Figure 3). Add to the feed vessel 1-2 diavolumes of buffer to the system. Set the retentate valve to fully open. Set the feed flowrate to 2-3 LMM and recirculate for 5-10 min.9.7 Set the system flowpath to the blowdown/recovery mode as shown in Figure 9 (next page). Pump the recirculated buffer out at low ΔP intoan appropriate sized container. When air bubbles appear stop the pump.3-Way Figure 8.Depolarization ModeRecovery Operations3-WayFigure 9.Recovery Mode10.1 Add 200-300 mL of recommended CIP / Sanitization (Table 1) solution to the feed vessel. Set the system flowpath to the total recyclemode (Figure 3).10.2 Recirculate at 5 LMM feed flowrate for 30-60 min. Set TMP to approximately 15psid.10.3 Stop the pump after the CIP time interval. Return the system flowpath to the SPFO mode (Figure 2). Start the pump again and pump the feedvessel out to the receiver vessel.10.4 Add purified water to the feed vessel and start the pump. Flush the system to drain back to neutral pH. A microcassette based systemwill require approximately 1 L of purified water. Monitor pH with a meter or pH paper that sensitive in the neutral range. Check both retentate and permeate lines separately to ensure the system is truly back to neutral pH. Stop the pump.11.1 Add additional purified water to the feed vessel if necessary to ensure that the NWP measurement can be made without entraining airinto the system.11.2 Set the system flowpath to the total recycle mode. Start the pump and manipulating the feedflow, set the system feed pressure to read 10 psigand the retentate pressure to read 5 psig.11.3 Allow the system to recirculate for a minute or two. Measure the temperature of the feed vessel contents. Set the system flowpath to theUF concentration mode (Figure 4) and measure the change in mass over an elapsed time of 1 min, to find the permeate flowrate.11.4 Calculate the post CIP Normalized Water Permeability as we did in Section 3 using equations 1 and 2.11.5 Compare the Base-line NWP to the post CIP NWP. The Post CIP NWP should be >/= 80% of the Base-line NWP. (Post Post NWP/Base-lineNWP * 100%). If the comparison is less than 80%, then the membrane can be re-cleaned. CIP at an elevated temperature may be more effective at restoring NWP. NWP is a single indicator of membrane cleaning success. Data such as batch to batch process time, product quality and carryover studies should be used to determine criteria for successful membrane CIP processes.12.1 Arrange the system flowpath into the Single-Pass, Filtrate Open mode (Figure 2). Open the permeate isolation valve.12.2 Fill the feed vessel with 4 diavolumes of 0.1N NaOH solution.12.3 Set the pump to supply 5 LMM feed flow rate. Set the retentate pressure to 5 psig by restricting retentate flow with the retentate valve.Collect ~ 2 diavolumes into the receiver.12.4 Fully open retentate valve, then stop the pump and place the system into the total recycle mode (Figure 3).12.5 Start the pump, recirculate the remaining 2 diavolumes at 5 LMM for 5-10 min. Set TMP to approximately 15 psid.12.6 Remove membrane and store in 0.1N NaOH in a 2-8º C refrigerator.% S o l u t e R e m a i n i n g# of Diafiltration VolumesSolute Remaining vs. # of Diafiltration Volumes% Solute Passed = 100 - % Solute1001010.1Figure 10.Solute remaining versus number of diafiltration volumes To Place an Order or Receive Technical AssistanceIn Europe, please call Customer Service: France: 0825 045 645Germany: 01805 045 645Italy: 848 845 645Spain: 901 516 645 Option 1 Switzerland: 0848 645 645United Kingdom:***********For other countries across Europe, please call: +44 (0) 115 943 0840Or visit: /offices For Technical Service visit:/techserviceMerck Millipore, the M logo, Ultracel, Biomax, Labscale and Pellicon are registered trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.Masterflex and StableTemp are registered trademarks of Cole-Palmer Instrument Company. Luer-Lok is a trademark of Becton Dickinson.MICROMETER is a registered trademark of RMFPT, Inc.Nalgene is a registered trademark of Nalge Nunc International Corporation.Lit No. RF1159EN00 Ver. 3.0 4/2016© 2016 EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA USA. All rights reserved.。
Mini Pellicon 切向流超滤系统
第三章 膜的保养...................................................................................................................... - 7 1. 总的保养指南..................................................................................................................... - 7 1.1 膜为什么要清洗 ....................................................................................................... - 7 1.2 清洗剂的选择 ........................................................................................................... - 7 1.3 清洗剂的概述 ........................................................................................................... - 7 2.膜堵...................................................................................................................................... - 9 2.1 膜堵的影响 ............................................................................................................... - 9 2.2 膜堵与浓差极化 ....................................................................................................... - 9 2.3 堵塞的机理 ............................................................................................................... - 9 2.4 控制膜的堵塞 ......................................................................................................... - 10 3.膜的选择............................................................................................................................ - 10 4.操作条件............................................................................................................................ - 10 5.流体的预处理.................................................................................................................... - 10 6.膜的清洗............................................................................................................................ - 10 7.影响清洗效果的因素........................................................................................................ - 11 8.清洗时间和清洗剂的浓度................................................................................................ - 11 9.温度.................................................................................................................................... - 11 10.水质 ................................................................................................................................. - 11 11.清洗效果的确定.............................................................................................................. - 12 12.系统冲洗.......................................................................................................................... - 13 13.消毒 ................................................................................................................................. - 13 14.典型的消毒剂.................................................................................................................. - 13 15.除热原.............................................................................................................................. - 14 16.完整性测试...................................................................................................................... - 14 17.保存 ................................................................................................................................. - 14 -
超滤设备操作说明
超滤设备操作说明一、概述超滤设备是一种常用的水处理设备,通过超滤膜的过滤作用,去除水中的悬浮颗粒、微生物和有机物质,从而提高水的纯净度和透明度。
本操作说明旨在帮助用户了解超滤设备的正确使用方法,确保其正常运行和使用效果。
二、设备组成1. 超滤设备主体:包括超滤膜组件、流体处理单元等部件。
2. 进水管道:将原水引入超滤设备。
3. 出水管道:将处理后的水排出设备。
三、操作步骤1. 设备准备a. 检查超滤设备是否安装在平稳的地面上,确保设备稳定。
b. 检查进水和出水管道的连接是否牢固,防止漏水。
c. 检查电源线是否牢固插入插座。
2. 设备开机a. 打开进水阀门,水会流入超滤设备。
b. 打开电源,超滤设备开始运行。
3. 设备运行a. 根据实际需求,可调节超滤设备的运行时间和流量。
b. 监测设备的运行状态,确保设备正常工作。
c. 定期清洗超滤膜组件,以防堵塞影响产水效果。
d. 如需停止设备运行,先关闭进水阀门,待设备排水完毕后再关闭电源。
4. 设备维护a. 定期检查超滤膜组件,如果发现有损坏或老化,及时更换。
b. 定期清洗设备的进水管道和出水管道,保持畅通。
5. 注意事项a. 避免将过高浊度的水直接进入超滤设备,可以预处理或过滤浊度较高的水源。
b. 避免使用高浓度的化学物质和酸碱溶液对超滤设备进行清洗,以免损坏设备。
c. 请勿随意拆卸设备,如需维修,请联系专业技术人员。
d. 使用过程中,如发现漏水、电器故障或其他异常情况,请立即停用设备并寻求专业维修。
四、常见问题解决方案1. 设备无法启动:检查电源是否正常接通,进水阀门是否打开,水源是否正常。
2. 产水流量过小:检查超滤膜组件是否有堵塞,如有堵塞请进行清洗。
3. 产水质量下降:检查超滤膜组件是否老化或损坏,如有需要请进行更换。
4. 设备噪音过大:检查设备是否摆放平稳,如果仍有噪音请联系专业技术人员进行检修。
五、结语本操作说明为超滤设备的基本操作方法,用户在使用超滤设备时请按照说明进行操作,确保设备的正常运行和使用效果。
超滤操作手册
超滤操作手册一、简介超滤是一种膜分离技术,其膜为多孔不对称结构。
过滤过程是一抹两侧压差为驱动力,以机械筛分原理为基础的一种溶液分离过程,使用压力通常为0。
03~0。
6MPa,筛分孔径从0。
005~0.1μm,截流分子量为1000~500000道尔顿左右。
我们选用HYDRA cap 60膜。
影响超滤膜性能的因素1 膜的化学材料HYDRA cap 膜材质为亲水性聚醚砜(PES),这种材质的化学稳定性优异,耐受氧化剂的能力强,亲水性好不容易被污堵,污堵后容易清洗恢复。
耐酸碱范围可达Ph2~13。
2 膜丝的微观结构和孔径.HYDRAcap中空超滤膜的中空丝断面为海绵状多孔结构,内表面为超滤分离皮层,外表面为微滤多孔曾。
与传统超滤膜的指状大孔结构相比,孔径均一,内表面无缺陷,机械强度高。
HYDRAcap膜割分子量为15万道尔顿,分离孔径约为25nm.3超滤膜组件的结构中空纤维膜是超滤膜的最主要形式,分为内压膜和外压膜。
外压式膜的进水流道在膜丝之间,膜丝存在一定的活动空间,内压式膜的进水流道是中空纤维的内腔。
HYDRA cap 是内压式膜。
4超滤的运行方式和清洗方式超滤的运行方式分为全流过滤和错流过滤两种模式。
全流过滤时,进水全部透过膜表面形成产水;错流过滤时,部分进水透过膜表面成为产水,另一部分则夹带杂质排出成为浓水,这种运行方式能处理悬浮物含量较高的原水.超滤的清洗方式包括正洗、反洗、分散化学清洗、化学清洗等.正洗、反洗可清除膜面的滤饼层。
分散化学清洗和化学清洗通过化学药剂来清除胶体、有机物、无机盐等在超滤膜表面和内部形成的污堵。
二、超滤工艺流程郑州超滤工艺流程见图1所示运行正冲底部反洗顶部反洗 正冲分散药洗浸泡 正冲运行60min 15s 20s 20s 15s 30s 2min 30s 四、超滤工作流程说明:超滤系统工艺流程如图1所示。
阀门W1、W2 、U1常开,其它阀门在各步骤中打开或关闭。
1运行打开阀门V1、V3,开启进水泵A 。
pellicon切向流超滤系统-使用手册
PelliconΒιβλιοθήκη 切向流超滤系统用户使用手册
目录
I. 概述 ......................................................................................................................................... - 2 A. 切向流过滤.................................................................................................................... - 2 B. PELLICON系统的应用................................................................................................ - 3 -
A.拆箱 ..............................................................................................................
Pellicon2操作手册[1](DOC)
Millipore BioProcesss Division维护手册Pellicon & Pellicon 2超滤膜堆MILLIPORE目录:手册使用方法……………………………………………………P 3 Pellicon & pellicon 2 膜堆…………………………………P 4冲洗步骤…………………………………………………………P 5清洗步骤…………………………………………………………P 6 消毒步骤…………………………………………………………P10 除热原步骤………………………………………………………P11水通量的测量……………………………………………………P12膜堆的完整性检测………………………………………………P14储存步骤…………………………………………………………P17化学兼容性………………………………………………………P19本手册对如何维护Millipore公司生产的切向流超滤膜、膜堆和超滤系统提供了一些建议。
这些建议是根据我们现有的经验和实践编写的,没有将所有可能用到的清洗、消毒和除热原的方法全部列出。
如果本手册中提供的方法不适合于您的应用,请与Millipore公司技术服务部门联络,以获取进一步的信息。
手册使用方法本手册详细介绍了以下的维护程序:•冲洗•清洗•消毒•除热原•水通量NWP的检测•完整性测试方法•保存本手册介绍了在每一步操作时超滤系统的连接方式,以及建议使用的切向流速和膜透压。
在清洗条件建议表中,列明了各种清洗剂的浓度、pH值、时间、温度和与膜的化学兼容性。
清洗剂选择表可以帮助用户根据不同的应用和污染情况,选择相应的清洗剂。
但是很难预测出所有应用所需的清洗剂,所以在清洗剂选择表中也同时列出了可供选择的其他清洗剂。
有一些应用可能需要两步清洗。
在这种情况下,必须用水将第一种清洗剂从超滤系统中完全冲洗干净之后,才可以使用第二种清洗剂,以免不同的清洗剂之间发生对膜堆有害的化学反应。
Mini Pellicon简易操作程序
3、 清洗膜面(不加压清洗):调节泵速至 Pin =10-15 Psi 并稳定,测定循环液管流出(加压清洗):提高泵速至进口压力达到 Pin=15-20 Psi,调节循环阀至循环口
压力至 Pout=5 Psi,然后冲洗至透过液管流出液 pH 值至中性为止;
5、 正常水通量测定(NWP=Normalize Water Permeability):通过泵速和循环阀调节
Mini Pellicon 超滤系统快速操作指导
进口(in)=Feed 循环口(out)=Retentate 透过口(p)=Permeate
进口压力=Pin 循环口压力=Pout
冲洗
透过口压力=Pp
1、 打开阀门,排空系统中的保存液(如 0.1N NaOH); 2、 在干净的容器中加入至少 3 L 纯水(0.1m2 膜包),然后根据情况继续补充纯水;
PF=10Psi,PR=5Psi,测定透过液口 1 分钟透过的水体积,通过水温查校正因子,计 算 NWP。
保存
将 0.1N NaOH 打入系统保存(Biomax 膜用 0.1N NaOH,PLC 膜用 4%甲醛),进口压力
15 Psi,循环口压力 0 Psi,直到透过液口的 pH 为碱性,并维持 1-2 分钟,关闭所有阀门。或
清洗
1、 水洗:程序和步骤同冲洗,可用 40-45℃的热水。
2、 碱洗(清洗 cleaning,消毒 sanitization,除热原 Depyrogenation):在容器中加入
40-45℃ 0.1N NaOH 5 L , 开 放 循 环 液 口 和 透 过 液 口 , 启 动 泵 , 调 节 泵 速 至
将膜堆从不锈钢夹具中拆下来,用密封袋,注入相应浓度的 NaOH/甲醛保护液密封保存。
pellicon XL Device中文说明书
储存液
浓度
PXB Biomax™ 聚乙烯
X
PXC PL 再生纤维
聚偏氟乙 烯膜
NaOH NaOH Lysol®(BAK) Sod uim A izde HO
3 4
0.1N 0.05N 0.1% 0.05%X X
下面介绍泵的情况及保存步骤。 1。移除的滞留物管。 2。从泵头移除线管。 3。用注射器抽取10ml的储存液。
- 17 -
Pellicon XL Device 注意:不要完全夹紧滞留物管夹。 7.让清洗液循环清洗系统30-60分钟。 8。关掉泵和倒掉清洗液。 冲洗: 在第二部分详细重复冲洗过程.
- 18 -
Operating Instructions Section VIII: Storage
建议存储液:
清洗液 浓度 PXB PXC Biomax™ PL 聚乙烯) 再生纤维 聚偏氟乙 烯膜 Temp ºC PH Time min)
NaOH
NaOH
0.10.5N 0.1N 250ppm
X X X X
4045 2540 4045
13-13.7 13 1011
3060 3060 3060
NaOCL
Tr on®X100 SDS Tween®0 Terg-a-zyme® Detergent
-8-
Operating Instructions
Section III: 完整性测试(可选)
以下工具可用于小批量的完整性 测试: •质量流量计 •量筒 •转子流量计 •移液管
吸管法
1. 打开渗透端口, 在feedside进料口连接一个清洁空气源,使其通 过超滤膜,而排出滞留物料。 2. 关闭空气源。 3. 拧紧滞留物端口和渗透1端口。 4. 线管连接到perm2。用1毫升的移液管加入大约0.1毫升水。
超滤操作说明书
安全使用注意事项出于本装置的性能及使用安全性考虑,操作人员必须遵守以下使用原则:1.操作人员必须具备机械、电气以及化学的基本知识和常识。
2.操作人员必须熟悉本装置的性能、原理及使用方法等。
未经教育的其他人员禁止操作。
3.定期进行点检。
4.点检时发现设备有破损、漏水等不良现象,必须及时进行修复。
5.在进行点检或修理时,必须注意防止误动作。
6.药品的添加及储存时应注意安全,部分药品具有腐蚀性。
第一章:概要1.1 简介本使用说明书详细阐述了为贵公司提供的超滤设备的全部操作方法及控制原理。
装置中所属的设备、仪表,如:泵类、减压阀、压力表、流量计、液位计等都附有各自设备、仪表的使用维护说明书及产品简介等资料,请参考阅读,并熟悉操作方法。
操作人员在操作本装置前务必要对本操作说明书及各设备、仪表的技术资料给予详细阅读并充分理解;要严格按照本操作说明书规范的内容执行系统的操作与维护,任何违反本操作说明书要求的操作都可能会造成系统的运行故障、设备损坏等问题,甚至会引发人身伤害事故。
1.2 处理工艺概要本处理装置包括滤芯过滤和膜分离等处理工艺。
1.2.1滤芯过滤处理工艺在原水进入超滤系统前,设置了保安过滤器,将可能造成膜损坏的、较大的机械性杂质过滤掉。
1.2.2膜分离处理工艺经保安过滤器处理后的水进入超滤膜,能有效的降低原水的浊度及细菌。
1.3 处理设备概要①预处理设备┅┅保安过滤器。
②超滤设备┅┅超滤膜单元。
③清洗系统┅┅清洗设备。
④加药系统┅┅次氯酸钠加药设备。
第二章:处理系统原理2.1预处理2.1.1 保安过滤器为防治原水中有异物进入微滤膜系统,对膜造成损坏,在原水进入膜系统之前,设置了过滤精度为10μ的保安过滤器,将可能造成膜损坏的、较大的机械性质过杂滤掉,保证了微滤的进水要求。
2.2超滤处理利用超滤膜能有效地去除水中的微粒、胶体、有机物和病菌等,能够去除少量的置换入水中的离子等,以保证出水的水质符合要求。
颇尔切向流超滤系统手册
颇尔切向流超滤系统手册实验室小试、中式规模颇尔公司提供业界领先的切向流过滤(TFF)技术,以满足日益增加的生物技术和生物工艺过程中的多样性需求并应对各种挑战。
这些产品的设计目的是在保证过滤效果一致以及获得最高过滤量的前提下,简化处理过程并使处理过程呈流水线化。
切向流超滤(TFF)能快捷、高效地进行生物分子的分离与纯化处理;可用于低至10毫升、高达数千升样品溶液的浓缩和脱盐处理;也可以用于不同大小生物分子的分离、细胞悬液收集、以及发酵液和细胞裂解液的澄清。
易于装配,操作简单-用管路和少许管路配件,简单地连接切向流超滤装置、泵以及压力表,向储槽中加入样品,即可开始工作。
快捷高效-对比透析,装配更轻松,处理速度快;对比离心浓缩装置或搅拌式超滤装置,可在更短的时间内获得更高浓度。
仅需在同一系统中执行两步操作-在同一系统中完成样品的浓缩和渗滤处理,节约时间并避免损失产物。
工艺和缩放-由于结构材料与平板式超滤器流体通路,实验室规模下的条件可以应用于生产规模的应用中。
处理低至10mL、或高达千升体积的样品,均可提供对应的切向流超滤装置。
成本低廉-切向流超滤装置与平板式超滤器经清洗后可再次使用,也可在单次应用后废弃。
可执行简单的完整性测试,检验滤膜和密封的完整性。
切向流超滤概论为什么要使用切向流超滤切向流(也称为“错流”)超滤中,泵推动流体通过滤膜表面,冲刷去除其上截留的分子,从而使滤膜表面的积垢程度降至最低。
在渗余物流体中产生紧靠滤膜的压力,使溶质和小分子通过滤膜。
如此方能完成过滤。
利用细分筛网分离沙子与鹅卵石的模拟实验,有助于理解切向流超滤的机理:筛网眼象征滤膜上的孔隙,而沙子与鹅卵石象征待分离的分子,在直流过滤中,沙子-鹅卵石混合物被迫向着筛网眼方向移动,随着一些较小的砂粒通过筛网眼落下,在筛网表面形成以个鹅卵石层,阻碍顶部砂粒向筛网方向移动并通过筛网眼(图1),在直流过滤中,增加压力,仅能对混合物施加压力,而无助于分离的促进;相比之下,在切向流超滤模式中,通过混合物的再循环防止限制层的形成,此再循环类似于:振动以去除阻塞筛网眼的鹅卵石,使得位于混合物顶部的砂粒落下并通过筛网眼。
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目录I. 概述.........................................................................................................................................- 2 -A. 切向流过滤....................................................................................................................- 2 -B. PELLICON系统的应用................................................................................................- 3 - II. PELLICON系统如何工作....................................................................................................- 4 - III. PELLICON系统的组装.......................................................................................................- 6 - A.拆箱................................................................................................................................- 6 - B.系统的装配..................................................................................................................- 6 -C. 泵和管子的装配............................................................................................................- 7 -D. 对泵的检查....................................................................................................................- 9 -F 膜包的安装.................................................................................................................- 12 -G 压紧步骤.......................................................................................................................- 12 -H.泵的操作......................................................................................................................- 14 -I. 泵和连接件的更换.......................................................................................................- 15 -J.标准有机玻璃的夹具到低残留夹具的转换............................................................- 15 - IV. Pellicon系统使用前的准备.............................................................................................- 16 -A. 预清洗和膜润湿..........................................................................................................- 16 -B. 标准水透过率(NWP)的测定......................................................................................- 16 -C. 完整性测试..................................................................................................................- 16 -D. 膜包的预先处理..........................................................................................................- 16 - V. Pellicon系统的操作..........................................................................................................- 17 -A. 操作模式......................................................................................................................- 17 -B. 主要操作参数..............................................................................................................- 23 -C. 测定参数......................................................................................................................- 23 - VI 用双泵操作Pellicon系统用于悬浮液的分离..................................................................- 27 -A.为什么增加一个泵.........................................................................................................- 27 -B. 双泵系统的应用...........................................................................................................- 27 -C.增加透过液泵/双泵系统的操作................................................................................- 27 - VII PELLICON系统维护........................................................................................................- 30 -A.泵.....................................................................................................................................- 30 -B. 夹具和膜包....................................................................................................................- 30 - 附录I 系统优化.........................................................................................................................- 32 - A.流量曲线(流通量与切向流速)....................................................................................- 32 - B.流通量随压力变化曲线..............................................................................................- 33 - C.流通量的衰减..............................................................................................................- 34 - D.优化运行条件..............................................................................................................- 35 - 附录II 问题与解决....................................................................................................................- 37 - 附录Ⅲ膜维护手册...............................................................................................................- 39 -A.选择清洗方法:..........................................................................................................- 40 -B.冲洗步骤.......................................................................................................................- 42 -C.清洗步骤.......................................................................................................................- 43 -D.清洗条件.......................................................................................................................- 46 -E.消毒步骤.......................................................................................................................- 47 -F.除热原步骤...................................................................................................................- 48 -G.水通量(NWP) 测量................................................................................................- 49 -H.膜堆的完整性检测.....................................................................................................- 51 -I.保存步骤........................................................................................................................- 54 -密理博中国有限公司I. 概述A. 切向流过滤在分离中通常有两种类型的过滤:垂直过滤和切向流过滤。