高二英语暑期自主学习讲义二

高二英语暑期自主学习讲义（二）

阅读训练学案

编稿：屈志斌

STEP1 LEAD-IN

Present the basic requirements in reading comprehension

1 掌握文章的主旨大意

2 找出文章中的事实细节题

3 猜测词义

4 找出作者的观点，意图及写作意图

5 根据文章信息作出简单的判断和推理

STEP 2 PRESNTATION

Make presentation through exercises

一阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。

(A)

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. They are not sure to what degree people‟s memories are affected.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

"Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."

But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people‟s memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.

1. The passage is mainly about _______.

A. a new medical invention

B. a new research on the pill

C. a way of wiping out painful memories

D. an argument about the research on the pill

2. The drug tested on people can _______.

A. cause the brain to fix memories

B. stop people remembering bad experiences

C. prevent body producing certain chemicals

D. wipe out the emotional effects of memories

3. We can infer from the passage that _______.

A. people doubt the effects of the pills

B. the pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories

C. taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health

D. the pill has already been produced and used by the public in America

4. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with in the last paragraph?

A. Some memories can ruin people's lives.

B. People want to get rid of bad memories.

C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.

(B)

“Business is war.” The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.

But today in doing business, you have to listen to shareholders, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn‟t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.

Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.

To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation from other decisions.

Game theory breaks down the game into key elements :players, added values, rules, tactics （计谋）, and scope (PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into an entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.

Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you‟re heading, that‟s where you‟ll end up. Sometimes that‟s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That‟s because you‟re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.

5．The author of this passage is _______ the idea that “Business is war.”

A．in favor of B．against C．considering D．doubtful of 6．“PARTS” stands for _______.

A．players, added values, rules, tactics and scope

B．all of the elements in the game theory

C．the parties in a game

D．the parts that affect the result of the game

7．The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph is _______.