高二英语暑期自主学习讲义二

高二英语暑期自主学习讲义（二）阅读训练学案编稿：屈志斌STEP1 LEAD-INPresent the basic requirements in reading comprehension1 掌握文章的主旨大意2 找出文章中的事实细节题3 猜测词义4 找出作者的观点，意图及写作意图5 根据文章信息作出简单的判断和推理STEP 2 PRESNTATIONMake presentation through exercises一阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。

(A)NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories.In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. They are not sure to what degree people‟s memories are affected.The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories."Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people‟s memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past."All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.1. The passage is mainly about _______.A. a new medical inventionB. a new research on the pillC. a way of wiping out painful memoriesD. an argument about the research on the pill2. The drug tested on people can _______.A. cause the brain to fix memoriesB. stop people remembering bad experiencesC. prevent body producing certain chemicalsD. wipe out the emotional effects of memories3. We can infer from the passage that _______.A. people doubt the effects of the pillsB. the pill will certainly stop people's emotional memoriesC. taking the pill will do harm to people's physical healthD. the pill has already been produced and used by the public in America4. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with in the last paragraph?A. Some memories can ruin people's lives.B. People want to get rid of bad memories.C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.(B)“Business is war.” The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.But today in doing business, you have to listen to shareholders, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn‟t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation from other decisions.Game theory breaks down the game into key elements :players, added values, rules, tactics （计谋）, and scope (PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into an entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you‟re heading, that‟s where you‟ll end up. Sometimes that‟s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That‟s because you‟re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.5．The author of this passage is _______ the idea that “Business is war.”A．in favor of B．against C．considering D．doubtful of 6．“PARTS” stands for _______.A．players, added values, rules, tactics and scopeB．all of the elements in the game theoryC．the parties in a gameD．the parts that affect the result of the game7．The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph is _______.A．you are really good at playing the game, but you still lose it outB．you are so competitive that you beat up all of your competitors terriblyC．you play the game too well to suffer great lossD．the competition is so hard that you have to put all your heart into it8．The author thinks that _______.A．we shall play very hardB．we shall continue in the course we are headingC．we shall play in the right directionD．we shall always change no matter the change is good or not9. Why does the writer mention game theory?A. To inform the readers of the key elements.B. To explain how competition and cooperation co-exist in business.C. To prove business is war.D. To introduce the Chinese old saying.(C)Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .But if you had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age ,would it have been the same ?For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted（反应）to the cold ,dry climates of the ice ages ,but until now ,no one has reached a satisfying answer.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tones of CO2 each year; equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier ,will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2 ?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.Unfortunately ,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult .To study past climate ,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen, kept in lake muds .Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments （沉淀物）,which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery .There are very few roads and paths ,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest ,but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled（未取样）.So far ,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change. 10．The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means .A．cleaning up B．taking in C．wiping out D．giving out11．How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?A．It‟ll get drier and continue to remove CO2 .B．It‟ll remain steamy, warm, damp and thick .C．It‟ll get warmer and then colder and drier.D．There is no exact answer up to present.12．What‟s the main idea of the last paragraph?A．It‟s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.B．It‟s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.C．It‟s hard to collect information for studies of the past clim ate in the Amazon rainforest.D．It‟s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate. 13．The best title for this passage may probably be .A．Studies of the Amazon B．Climates of the AmazonC．Secrets of the Rainforests D．Changes of the Rainforests二完形填空：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。