英语四六级语法常用现象及翻译真题解析 CET4&CET6

2012年6月

1.Those flowers looked as if they hadn’t been watered for quite a long

time.

As if 的用法：通常都要用虚拟语气，表示与现在的情况相反；但表示的情况是事实或极有可能是事实是则用陈述句语气。

有关情态动词的语法：

情态动词 (Model Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Model Auxil-iaries).英语中助动词主要有两类:一是基本助动词,如have, do, be;二是情态助动词,如may, must, need等.情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气.情态动词可表达建议,要求,可能和意愿等.情态动词没有人称和数的变化.在大学英语四,六级考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:

(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式

(2)情态动词+行为动词进行式

(3)情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

(4)某些情态动词的特殊用法

一,情态动词+行为动词完成式

情态动词+行为动词完成式即"情态动词+ have + v-ed分词",表示对过去行为或动作进行推测,评论或判断.

1. must have v-ed

must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事"一定"发生了.其否定形式为:can't / couldn't have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事.例如:

1) Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

2) You couldn't have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.

2. could have v-ed

could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作"很可能"发生了.例如:

1)"The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it？"

2)"Tom could have taken it. He was alone yesterday."

3.may / might have v-ed

may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事"也许"发生了.may 比might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些.例如:

I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.

4. ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn't have v-ed

ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn't have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示"责备","不满",分别表示"本应该…"和"本不应该…".例如:

1) With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.

2) You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.

5. needn't have v-ed

needn't have v-ed 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要, 意为"本没必要…".例如:

You needn't have waken me up; I don't have to go to work today.

注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小.例如:

"I wonder how Tom knew about your past."

"He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary." 二,情态动词+行为动词进行式

情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式),表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行.例如:

1) He must be playing basketball in the room.

2) She may be staying at home.

三,情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式),表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行.例如:

1) They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

2) He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.

四,某些情态动词的特殊用法

1. need

考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别,对此,可参见表1.need 作情态动词时,后面跟不带to 的动词不定式,即 "need do".通常用在疑问句和否定句中,表示询问是否有"必要",其否定形式为needn't,表示"不必";疑问形式为Need … do 极少用于肯定句.例如:

1) I don't think we need turn the light on at that time.

2) Need you ride a bike to the school?

真题：

2011年6月

Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she______________________.(能被分配做另一项工作)

2012年6月

It is suggested that the air conditioner ______________.(要安装在窗户旁)should的型虚拟语气，表示主观愿望的词。

2009年12月

You would not have failed if you ___________.(按照我的指令去做)（if型虚拟语气）

2009年6月

If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _________________.(就不会被大雨淋了)

2012年6月

This TV program is quite boring. We might________(不妨听听音乐)might as well 的用法

2008年6月

I can’t boot my computer now. Something ______(一定出了毛病)with its operation system.