语言学Morphology形态学课件
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members are not regularly added. Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. Open-class: A word whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs Note: The distinction is not quite as clear-cut as it seems. Prepositions: regarding, throughout, out of, according to, with regard to, in spite of, be means of ; Auxiliary verbs
语言学Morphology形态学
1. Word
Word: a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native-speakers, whether spoken or written
1.1 Threewenku.baidu.comsenses of “word”: 1) A physically definable unit:
chairman﹡manchair
The chairman looked at the audience. The audience looked at the chairman. 2) Relative uninterruptibility: New elements cannot be inserted into a word even when there are several parts in a word. disappointment dis + appoint + ment Paul, (Jane) and Rebecca are my classmates.
• Hi. • Wonderful.
语言学Morphology形态学
1.3 Classification of words
1) Variable vs. invariable words: Variable words: One could find ordered and regular series of grammatically different word forms; on the other hand, part of the word remains constant follow, follows, following, followed; mat, mats Invariable words: those words such as since, when, seldom, through, hello. They do not have inflective endings.
语言学Morphology形态学
3) A minimum free form: the smallest unit that can constitute a complete utterance by itself, e.g.
• --Is Jane coming tonight? --Possibly.
sentence together (function words).
语言学Morphology形态学
3) Closed-class words vs. open-class words: Closed-class: a word whose membership is fixed or limited. New
语言学Morphology形态学
3) A grammatical unit:
sentence clause phrase word morpheme
语言学Morphology形态学
1.2 Identification of words
1) Stability: the constituent parts of a complex word cannot be rearranged
Word may be seen as a cluster of sound segments or letters between tow pauses or blanks.
2) Word both as a general term and as a specific term: boy, boys check, checks, checked, checking
语言学Morphology形态学
2) Grammatical words vs. lexical words: Grammatical words: express grammatical meanings, such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns Lexical words: have lexical meanings, those which refer to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The lexical words carry the main content of a language (content words) and the grammatical words serve to link the different parts of a
Chapter 3 Morphology
语言学Morphology形态学
• Morphology, as a sub-branch of linguistics, refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. Generally speaking,morphology can further divided into two broad categories, namely, inflectional (屈折) morphology and derivational mophology, which are both concerned with the smallest unit at the grammatical level.
语言学Morphology形态学
1. Word
Word: a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native-speakers, whether spoken or written
1.1 Threewenku.baidu.comsenses of “word”: 1) A physically definable unit:
chairman﹡manchair
The chairman looked at the audience. The audience looked at the chairman. 2) Relative uninterruptibility: New elements cannot be inserted into a word even when there are several parts in a word. disappointment dis + appoint + ment Paul, (Jane) and Rebecca are my classmates.
• Hi. • Wonderful.
语言学Morphology形态学
1.3 Classification of words
1) Variable vs. invariable words: Variable words: One could find ordered and regular series of grammatically different word forms; on the other hand, part of the word remains constant follow, follows, following, followed; mat, mats Invariable words: those words such as since, when, seldom, through, hello. They do not have inflective endings.
语言学Morphology形态学
3) A minimum free form: the smallest unit that can constitute a complete utterance by itself, e.g.
• --Is Jane coming tonight? --Possibly.
sentence together (function words).
语言学Morphology形态学
3) Closed-class words vs. open-class words: Closed-class: a word whose membership is fixed or limited. New
语言学Morphology形态学
3) A grammatical unit:
sentence clause phrase word morpheme
语言学Morphology形态学
1.2 Identification of words
1) Stability: the constituent parts of a complex word cannot be rearranged
Word may be seen as a cluster of sound segments or letters between tow pauses or blanks.
2) Word both as a general term and as a specific term: boy, boys check, checks, checked, checking
语言学Morphology形态学
2) Grammatical words vs. lexical words: Grammatical words: express grammatical meanings, such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns Lexical words: have lexical meanings, those which refer to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The lexical words carry the main content of a language (content words) and the grammatical words serve to link the different parts of a
Chapter 3 Morphology
语言学Morphology形态学
• Morphology, as a sub-branch of linguistics, refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. Generally speaking,morphology can further divided into two broad categories, namely, inflectional (屈折) morphology and derivational mophology, which are both concerned with the smallest unit at the grammatical level.