初中英语语音教学(刘道义)
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How to teach English phonetics
in junior secondary schools 初中英语语音教学
责任专家：刘道义
Questions for discussion (思考题） Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？ What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？ What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？ When to teach phonetics 何时安排语音教学？ How to teach phonetics 怎样教语音？
/eg/ /hen/ /jes/ /wel/ /red/
Teach phonetic symbols （IPA）教音标 Vowels and consonants元音和辅音的读音示范
• 有声版国际音标表
a, e, i (y), o, u in stressed syllables
Open a name /eɪ/ e we /i:/ i hi /aɪ/ (y) why /aɪ/ o note /əʊ/ u flute /u:/
6. Pronunciation and enunciation skills in reading aloud and speeches
7. English pronunciation differences in major English speaking countries (mainly taught in senior high school)
Phonic work
Without learning phonetic symbols （IPA）直拼法
Letters have sounds. (24) Sounds make up words. Letters combine in syllables to make words.
CV CVC CVCE CCVC CVVC CVCC , etc
/æ/ a bank
/ʌ/ u o but come love front mother
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
/ɔ:/ or ore oor our al ar
born more door four call war
Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？
• To build up students’confidence in learning English 好语音能增强学习英语 的信心
• To improve intelligibility 语音影响表意 • To create a favorable impression 语音
au aw ou(gh)
cause draw brought
/ɑ:/ a(n) a(s) a(th) al ar au
dance class father half farm aunt
/eɪ/ a ai
ay eigh
cage rain May eight
/aɪ/ i ie igh y
hike die light fly
/əʊ/ o o(ld) o(st) oa ow
hope hold most road grow
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
/ɜ:/ er
ir ur or ear
certain first turn word early
/aʊ/ ou ow count brown
/ɔɪ/ oi oy coin toy
/ɪə/ ea ear eer ere idea dear deer here
/eə/ air are ear eir ere chair care bear their where
/ʊə/ our ure oor tour sure poor
syllables
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
• Consonant combinations (ch, dg, th, tch, ph, ng, nk)
• Consonant clusters (bl-, cl-, fl-, gl-, br-, cr-, sm-, sp-, pr-, qu-)
Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？
• To help lay a good foundation for learning English vocabulary 语音为词汇学习打基础
• To help with listening and speaking 语音影 响听说
• To affect reading and writing 语音影响读写
Sounds make up words
Letters combine in syllables to make words. CV(V) he she no by hi tea die day VC(C) at is us on off ebb add ant CVC hat hen did top cut get fan van CVCE hate Pete home cute kite fame CCVC thin ship than chat shot knot plug CVVC lead coat loud food foot dial CVCC fish cash neck bank cent want
What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？
Which accent should we teach？ –Either SSB or GA as a basis –Better to expose students to a variety of accents, so that they will be able to understand most people they meet.
August success
/ ɪ/
orange secret tourist —
—
Lily
village eleven English
forty
Vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
R-syllables ar /ɑ:/ art car far hard garden er /ɜ:/ her hers term nerve service ir /ɜ:/ sir bird girl firm thirty or /ɔ:/ or for torn morn forty ur /ɜ:/ urge fur hurt nurse turning
Phonic work
Without learning phonetic symbols （IPA）直拼法
Many words follow a regular pattern, but many don’t. Connect spelling with pronunciation 听其音知其形，见其形知其音
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
What is required in the Curriculum Standards? 1. Pronunciation of • 26 letters • a, e, i (y), o, u in stressed/unstressed
syllables • Vowel combinations in stressed syllables • Common vowel combinations in stressed
/ʊ/ u oo ou
full foot could
/u: / u
o oo ew
blue move cool flew
/ju:/ u
ew
use new
/ɒ/ o
a
crop want
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
Why is teaching phonetics important?
• Adding sounds • Putting stress on the wrong syllable in a
word • Putting stress on the wrong word in a
sentence • Using the wrong intonation pattern …
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
4. Intonation and rhythm • sense group and pausing • rising and falling tones • rhythm
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
5. Use of pronunciation, intonation, stress and rhythm in oral communication
Letters have sounds
Aa Hh J j K k
Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv
Ii
Yy
Oo
Uu Q q W w
Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
Rr
Example 1 案例一
方法一：掐头法学读音 读下列辅音字母名称音，将其第 一个音去掉，余下的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
元音字母及其字母组合在重读音节中的读音
/i:/ e ea ee i ie be each feel police field
/ɪ/ i e bit England
/e/ e ea a best head many
Close map /æ/ wet /e/ hit /ɪ/ physics /ɪ/ not /ɒ/ flush /ʌ/
a, e, i, o, u, y in unstressed syllables
about banana
hundred parent
/ə/ April second pencil today
(G. Poedjosoedarmo, 2007)
What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？
What are the main varieties of English accent? –SSB (Standard Southern British) rather than RP (Received Pronunciation) –GA (General American)
Jj /d3eI/ /d3/ Zz /zi:/ /z/
Kk /keI/ /k/
方法三：对比法学读音
பைடு நூலகம்
读下列辅音字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音g，h，
y，w，r有相似之处，注意不要混淆。
Gg Hh Yy Ww Rr
/g/ /h/ /j/ /w/ /r/
egg 鸡蛋
yes 是的
red 红色的
hen 母鸡
well 好的
• Syllabic sounds (–ble, -ple, -cle, -gle, -dle, -sin, -ten, -ven)
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
2. Word stress and sentence stress
3. Sound variation • liaison （连读） • incomplete explosive • weak form • assimilation （同化）
Ff /ef/ /f/ Ll /el/ /l/ Mm /em/ /m/ Nn /en/ /n/ Ss /es/ /s/ Xx /eks/ /ks/
方法二：去尾法学音素
读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下 的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。
Bb /bi:/ /b/ Pp /pi:/ /p/ Cc /si:/ /s/ /k/ Tt /ti:/ /t/ Dd /di:/ /d/ Vv /vi:/ /v/
影响形象
Why is teaching phonetics important?
What problems do students have with English pronunciation? • Using the wrong sound • Making long vowels short • Leaving sounds out
in junior secondary schools 初中英语语音教学
责任专家：刘道义
Questions for discussion (思考题） Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？ What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？ What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？ When to teach phonetics 何时安排语音教学？ How to teach phonetics 怎样教语音？
/eg/ /hen/ /jes/ /wel/ /red/
Teach phonetic symbols （IPA）教音标 Vowels and consonants元音和辅音的读音示范
• 有声版国际音标表
a, e, i (y), o, u in stressed syllables
Open a name /eɪ/ e we /i:/ i hi /aɪ/ (y) why /aɪ/ o note /əʊ/ u flute /u:/
6. Pronunciation and enunciation skills in reading aloud and speeches
7. English pronunciation differences in major English speaking countries (mainly taught in senior high school)
Phonic work
Without learning phonetic symbols （IPA）直拼法
Letters have sounds. (24) Sounds make up words. Letters combine in syllables to make words.
CV CVC CVCE CCVC CVVC CVCC , etc
/æ/ a bank
/ʌ/ u o but come love front mother
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
/ɔ:/ or ore oor our al ar
born more door four call war
Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？
• To build up students’confidence in learning English 好语音能增强学习英语 的信心
• To improve intelligibility 语音影响表意 • To create a favorable impression 语音
au aw ou(gh)
cause draw brought
/ɑ:/ a(n) a(s) a(th) al ar au
dance class father half farm aunt
/eɪ/ a ai
ay eigh
cage rain May eight
/aɪ/ i ie igh y
hike die light fly
/əʊ/ o o(ld) o(st) oa ow
hope hold most road grow
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
/ɜ:/ er
ir ur or ear
certain first turn word early
/aʊ/ ou ow count brown
/ɔɪ/ oi oy coin toy
/ɪə/ ea ear eer ere idea dear deer here
/eə/ air are ear eir ere chair care bear their where
/ʊə/ our ure oor tour sure poor
syllables
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
• Consonant combinations (ch, dg, th, tch, ph, ng, nk)
• Consonant clusters (bl-, cl-, fl-, gl-, br-, cr-, sm-, sp-, pr-, qu-)
Why teach phonetics 为什么教语音？
• To help lay a good foundation for learning English vocabulary 语音为词汇学习打基础
• To help with listening and speaking 语音影 响听说
• To affect reading and writing 语音影响读写
Sounds make up words
Letters combine in syllables to make words. CV(V) he she no by hi tea die day VC(C) at is us on off ebb add ant CVC hat hen did top cut get fan van CVCE hate Pete home cute kite fame CCVC thin ship than chat shot knot plug CVVC lead coat loud food foot dial CVCC fish cash neck bank cent want
What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？
Which accent should we teach？ –Either SSB or GA as a basis –Better to expose students to a variety of accents, so that they will be able to understand most people they meet.
August success
/ ɪ/
orange secret tourist —
—
Lily
village eleven English
forty
Vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
R-syllables ar /ɑ:/ art car far hard garden er /ɜ:/ her hers term nerve service ir /ɜ:/ sir bird girl firm thirty or /ɔ:/ or for torn morn forty ur /ɜ:/ urge fur hurt nurse turning
Phonic work
Without learning phonetic symbols （IPA）直拼法
Many words follow a regular pattern, but many don’t. Connect spelling with pronunciation 听其音知其形，见其形知其音
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
What is required in the Curriculum Standards? 1. Pronunciation of • 26 letters • a, e, i (y), o, u in stressed/unstressed
syllables • Vowel combinations in stressed syllables • Common vowel combinations in stressed
/ʊ/ u oo ou
full foot could
/u: / u
o oo ew
blue move cool flew
/ju:/ u
ew
use new
/ɒ/ o
a
crop want
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
Why is teaching phonetics important?
• Adding sounds • Putting stress on the wrong syllable in a
word • Putting stress on the wrong word in a
sentence • Using the wrong intonation pattern …
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
4. Intonation and rhythm • sense group and pausing • rising and falling tones • rhythm
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
5. Use of pronunciation, intonation, stress and rhythm in oral communication
Letters have sounds
Aa Hh J j K k
Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv
Ii
Yy
Oo
Uu Q q W w
Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
Rr
Example 1 案例一
方法一：掐头法学读音 读下列辅音字母名称音，将其第 一个音去掉，余下的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。
Vowel letter & vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables
元音字母及其字母组合在重读音节中的读音
/i:/ e ea ee i ie be each feel police field
/ɪ/ i e bit England
/e/ e ea a best head many
Close map /æ/ wet /e/ hit /ɪ/ physics /ɪ/ not /ɒ/ flush /ʌ/
a, e, i, o, u, y in unstressed syllables
about banana
hundred parent
/ə/ April second pencil today
(G. Poedjosoedarmo, 2007)
What kind of accent to teach 教哪种英语语音？
What are the main varieties of English accent? –SSB (Standard Southern British) rather than RP (Received Pronunciation) –GA (General American)
Jj /d3eI/ /d3/ Zz /zi:/ /z/
Kk /keI/ /k/
方法三：对比法学读音
பைடு நூலகம்
读下列辅音字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音g，h，
y，w，r有相似之处，注意不要混淆。
Gg Hh Yy Ww Rr
/g/ /h/ /j/ /w/ /r/
egg 鸡蛋
yes 是的
red 红色的
hen 母鸡
well 好的
• Syllabic sounds (–ble, -ple, -cle, -gle, -dle, -sin, -ten, -ven)
What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？
2. Word stress and sentence stress
3. Sound variation • liaison （连读） • incomplete explosive • weak form • assimilation （同化）
Ff /ef/ /f/ Ll /el/ /l/ Mm /em/ /m/ Nn /en/ /n/ Ss /es/ /s/ Xx /eks/ /ks/
方法二：去尾法学音素
读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下 的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。
Bb /bi:/ /b/ Pp /pi:/ /p/ Cc /si:/ /s/ /k/ Tt /ti:/ /t/ Dd /di:/ /d/ Vv /vi:/ /v/
影响形象
Why is teaching phonetics important?
What problems do students have with English pronunciation? • Using the wrong sound • Making long vowels short • Leaving sounds out