中级微观经济学chap017.ppt
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Economic policy is an art, not a science. Policy proposals are based on various
models that focus on different aspects of a problem.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Their suggestions for social policy are determined by their subjective value judgments (normative views) as well as by their economic analyses.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Laugher Curve
We have two classes of forecasters: Those who don’t know, and those who don’t know they don’t know.
John Kenneth Galbraith
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Policy proposals are based on imprecise empirical evidence.
There is considerable room for differences of interpretation not only about economic issues but also about how political and social institutions work.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 8
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Ideally the economist is, as objective as possible, telling someone how to achieve his or her goals (which need not be the economist's goals).
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 6
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
The role of ideology in economics is a controversial subject among economists.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 7
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
All economists agree that any policy proposal must embody both economic analysis and value judgments since the goals of policy reflect value judgments.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 9
How Value Judgments Creep Into Policy Proposals
Economists' value judgments creep into policy proposals in three ways:
Interpretation of the policy来自百度文库aker’s values. Interpretation of empirical evidence. Choice of economic models.
Microeconomic Policy, Economic Reasoning and
Beyond
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Chapter 17
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 2
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 4
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Economists have differing views on social policy because:
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 5
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Economists have differing views on social policy because:
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 3
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Economists have differing views on social policy because:
models that focus on different aspects of a problem.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Their suggestions for social policy are determined by their subjective value judgments (normative views) as well as by their economic analyses.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Laugher Curve
We have two classes of forecasters: Those who don’t know, and those who don’t know they don’t know.
John Kenneth Galbraith
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Policy proposals are based on imprecise empirical evidence.
There is considerable room for differences of interpretation not only about economic issues but also about how political and social institutions work.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 8
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Ideally the economist is, as objective as possible, telling someone how to achieve his or her goals (which need not be the economist's goals).
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 6
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
The role of ideology in economics is a controversial subject among economists.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 7
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
All economists agree that any policy proposal must embody both economic analysis and value judgments since the goals of policy reflect value judgments.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 9
How Value Judgments Creep Into Policy Proposals
Economists' value judgments creep into policy proposals in three ways:
Interpretation of the policy来自百度文库aker’s values. Interpretation of empirical evidence. Choice of economic models.
Microeconomic Policy, Economic Reasoning and
Beyond
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Chapter 17
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 2
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 4
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Economists have differing views on social policy because:
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 5
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Economists have differing views on social policy because:
Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
17 - 3
Economists’ Differing Views About Social Policy
Economists have differing views on social policy because: