段落翻译
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第五章 段落翻译
什么是段落？
• 段落是一个比句子层次更高、组织规模更大的翻译单位， 是仅次于篇章的语言层次。 • 如果说篇章是一个较大的、且具有完整意义的独立语义单 位的话，那么段落就是小于篇章的一个语义单位。 • 就其组织特点而言，段落是一个具有明确的始末标记的、 语义相对完整、交际功能相对独立的篇章单位，它由连贯 的句群或语段构成，具有相对稳定的结构模式，语义上连 贯（ coherence），结构上相互黏着（cohesion）。 • 一般说来，一个段落可能只含一个句群（也称作语段 [discourse fragment] ），也可能包含数个句群，还可能 只是一个句子，甚至只是一个词。
被动句
1. Claims, if any, must be made within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, after which no claims will be entertained. 如有索赔，须在货物到达目的地30天内提出，过后将不予受 理。
• 自尊就是感觉自身有价值，能够接受人生的挑战。 就像我们呼吸的空气，必不可少，但又看不见摸不 着。自尊来源于我们的心灵深处，却体现在我们的 一举一动。 它是我们衡量自身价值的根本，是构 建我们心灵的基石。（参考译文）
顺序调整 课内练习：
• Recently psychologists have found that only about two percent of adults use their creativity, compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children. When five-year-olds were tested, the results soared to ninety percent! The findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity and originality are daily occurrences for the small child, but somehow most of us lose the freedom and flexibility of the child as we grow older. The need to follow “directions” and “do-it-right”, plus the many societal constraints we put on ourselves, prevent us from using our creative potential. (P74)
8. His father had a small business in the city of Wollongong. The city is quite close to Canberra, the capital city of Australia. • 他的父亲在伍伦贡有一个小企业，这座城市十分接近澳大 利亚首都堪培拉。 • 他父亲在澳大利亚首都堪培拉附近的伍伦贡做小生意。
• 最近，心理学家发现只有大约2%的成年人使用创 造力，而七岁的儿童却达到10%。对五岁的儿童 进行测试，结果竟飙升到90%！这一结果发人深 省。小孩子每天都充满好奇心和创造力，但是随 着年龄的增长，不知为什么我们绝大多数人都不 能像孩子那样随心所欲了。我们得服从命令，得 按照大家认为对的方式去做，还有我们在社会生 活中强加给自己的条条框框，都使我们无法发挥 自己的创造潜力。
6. The four men huddled there and said nothing. They dare not smoke. They would not move. 那四个人挤成一团，一声不吭，不敢抽烟也不会走开。
7. In 1844, Engels met Marx, and they became friends. • 1844年，恩格斯遇到了马克思，从此他们成了好朋友。 • 1844年，恩格斯和马克思相识并成为朋友。
英汉段落比较
不同点： 英语段落 “主题句--阐述句--总结句”结 构 以某一中心思想统领的形散神 聚结构
汉语段落 围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思 想迂回式和流散式形分意合
段落翻译
• 逻辑关联 (P66) • 顺序调整 (P71)
逻辑关联 课内练习：
• Self-esteem is feeling worthy and able to meet life’s challenges. It is as essential as the air we breathe, and just as intangible. It comes from the depths of our core, yet it is reflected in every outward action we take, grand or small. It is the essence from which we measure our worth and the most important building block in the foundation of our intangible. (P70)
• 自1840年鸦片战争使中国蒙受历史性屈辱以来，从源自文库则徐、 魏源、龚自珍到孙中山，历代志士仁人曾为中国的救亡和发 展，前仆后继，英勇奋斗，但由于缺少科学理论的指导而饮 恨九泉。实践告诉我们，在一个半殖民地半封建的中国，改 良封建专制制度，不是出路；实行资本主义，亦非良策。在 历史的比较中我们认识到，唯有马克思列宁主义，才能救中 国。马克思列宁主义一经传入中国，中国人民就在精神上由 被动转入主动，中国共产党才在马克思列宁主义和中国工人 运动的结合中诞生并成为中国革命的领导力量，中国人民的 民族解放和民族振兴才找到了正确的方向。从此，开始了马 克思列宁主义在中国的实践和发展历程。
4. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 大家普遍认为那样做不妥。
5. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Asian common market. 很多人要求建立亚洲共同市场。
句子翻译作业讲解 分译合译法
1. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 他对自己精湛的厨艺引以为荣，这是情有可原的。
2. Winston Churchill, today an idealized hero of history, was in his time considered an unstable politician and voluminous able writer in an old-fashioned vein. • 温斯顿. 丘吉尔今天是一个理想化的历史英雄，但当时却 看成一个爱唱高调但常犯错误的人，摇摆不定的政客， 有几分才气的演说家，轻率的张腔作势，以及贩卖战争 的酒徒。 • 温斯顿. 丘吉尔，今天的历史理想化英雄，他的那个时代 是被认为一个老式的不稳定的具有渊博知识的政治家才 能的作家。 • 温斯顿. 丘吉尔在他那个时代被认为是个摇摆不定的政客 和文风古老的多产作家，而在今天却成了理想化的历史 英雄。
7. At the end of last year, we bought a new apartment and right after we moved in, we were approached to sell our old one. 去年年底，我们买了一套新公寓，刚搬进去，就有人联系来 买旧公寓。
6. In China, great enthusiasm of the people to modernize their country was matched by the great leadership of Deng Xiaoping. 在中国，建设现代化国家不但有人民极大的热情，而且还有 邓小平的英明领导。
3. He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for racy phrases. • 他强烈地感觉到习语是语言的支柱，他特别主张用生动 的短语。 • 他认为习语是语言的脊梁，主张用生动的习语，这种想 法是完全正确的。
主要内容
• 英汉段落比较 • 段落翻译
英汉段落比较
相同点： 语篇功能
具有独立完整意义的 段落
相关段落
开篇布局
承前启后
引申阐述
结尾收篇
英汉段落比较
相同点： 句际关系
一般与个别
渐进
对比
配对
• Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important chara cteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronaut’s suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, but for its utility.
2. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed. 在个别交谈之前我们已就要讨论的问题做了备忘录。
3. The Secretary of State was aware that final decisions must be held open for the President. 国务卿心里有数，最后决定必须由总统做出。
4. The President gave Victor Henry a hearty handshake, his grip warm and damp. 总统与维克多. 亨利真诚地握手，他的手又热又湿。
5. It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us. • 这是一个真正的挑战，那些向我们学习的人已经超越我 们了。 • 青出于蓝而胜于蓝，这对我们是一种鞭策。
8. There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow. All the faculty is expected to attend. 明天下午两点开教学研讨会，全体教师务必参加。
什么是段落？
• 段落是一个比句子层次更高、组织规模更大的翻译单位， 是仅次于篇章的语言层次。 • 如果说篇章是一个较大的、且具有完整意义的独立语义单 位的话，那么段落就是小于篇章的一个语义单位。 • 就其组织特点而言，段落是一个具有明确的始末标记的、 语义相对完整、交际功能相对独立的篇章单位，它由连贯 的句群或语段构成，具有相对稳定的结构模式，语义上连 贯（ coherence），结构上相互黏着（cohesion）。 • 一般说来，一个段落可能只含一个句群（也称作语段 [discourse fragment] ），也可能包含数个句群，还可能 只是一个句子，甚至只是一个词。
被动句
1. Claims, if any, must be made within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, after which no claims will be entertained. 如有索赔，须在货物到达目的地30天内提出，过后将不予受 理。
• 自尊就是感觉自身有价值，能够接受人生的挑战。 就像我们呼吸的空气，必不可少，但又看不见摸不 着。自尊来源于我们的心灵深处，却体现在我们的 一举一动。 它是我们衡量自身价值的根本，是构 建我们心灵的基石。（参考译文）
顺序调整 课内练习：
• Recently psychologists have found that only about two percent of adults use their creativity, compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children. When five-year-olds were tested, the results soared to ninety percent! The findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity and originality are daily occurrences for the small child, but somehow most of us lose the freedom and flexibility of the child as we grow older. The need to follow “directions” and “do-it-right”, plus the many societal constraints we put on ourselves, prevent us from using our creative potential. (P74)
8. His father had a small business in the city of Wollongong. The city is quite close to Canberra, the capital city of Australia. • 他的父亲在伍伦贡有一个小企业，这座城市十分接近澳大 利亚首都堪培拉。 • 他父亲在澳大利亚首都堪培拉附近的伍伦贡做小生意。
• 最近，心理学家发现只有大约2%的成年人使用创 造力，而七岁的儿童却达到10%。对五岁的儿童 进行测试，结果竟飙升到90%！这一结果发人深 省。小孩子每天都充满好奇心和创造力，但是随 着年龄的增长，不知为什么我们绝大多数人都不 能像孩子那样随心所欲了。我们得服从命令，得 按照大家认为对的方式去做，还有我们在社会生 活中强加给自己的条条框框，都使我们无法发挥 自己的创造潜力。
6. The four men huddled there and said nothing. They dare not smoke. They would not move. 那四个人挤成一团，一声不吭，不敢抽烟也不会走开。
7. In 1844, Engels met Marx, and they became friends. • 1844年，恩格斯遇到了马克思，从此他们成了好朋友。 • 1844年，恩格斯和马克思相识并成为朋友。
英汉段落比较
不同点： 英语段落 “主题句--阐述句--总结句”结 构 以某一中心思想统领的形散神 聚结构
汉语段落 围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思 想迂回式和流散式形分意合
段落翻译
• 逻辑关联 (P66) • 顺序调整 (P71)
逻辑关联 课内练习：
• Self-esteem is feeling worthy and able to meet life’s challenges. It is as essential as the air we breathe, and just as intangible. It comes from the depths of our core, yet it is reflected in every outward action we take, grand or small. It is the essence from which we measure our worth and the most important building block in the foundation of our intangible. (P70)
• 自1840年鸦片战争使中国蒙受历史性屈辱以来，从源自文库则徐、 魏源、龚自珍到孙中山，历代志士仁人曾为中国的救亡和发 展，前仆后继，英勇奋斗，但由于缺少科学理论的指导而饮 恨九泉。实践告诉我们，在一个半殖民地半封建的中国，改 良封建专制制度，不是出路；实行资本主义，亦非良策。在 历史的比较中我们认识到，唯有马克思列宁主义，才能救中 国。马克思列宁主义一经传入中国，中国人民就在精神上由 被动转入主动，中国共产党才在马克思列宁主义和中国工人 运动的结合中诞生并成为中国革命的领导力量，中国人民的 民族解放和民族振兴才找到了正确的方向。从此，开始了马 克思列宁主义在中国的实践和发展历程。
4. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 大家普遍认为那样做不妥。
5. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Asian common market. 很多人要求建立亚洲共同市场。
句子翻译作业讲解 分译合译法
1. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 他对自己精湛的厨艺引以为荣，这是情有可原的。
2. Winston Churchill, today an idealized hero of history, was in his time considered an unstable politician and voluminous able writer in an old-fashioned vein. • 温斯顿. 丘吉尔今天是一个理想化的历史英雄，但当时却 看成一个爱唱高调但常犯错误的人，摇摆不定的政客， 有几分才气的演说家，轻率的张腔作势，以及贩卖战争 的酒徒。 • 温斯顿. 丘吉尔，今天的历史理想化英雄，他的那个时代 是被认为一个老式的不稳定的具有渊博知识的政治家才 能的作家。 • 温斯顿. 丘吉尔在他那个时代被认为是个摇摆不定的政客 和文风古老的多产作家，而在今天却成了理想化的历史 英雄。
7. At the end of last year, we bought a new apartment and right after we moved in, we were approached to sell our old one. 去年年底，我们买了一套新公寓，刚搬进去，就有人联系来 买旧公寓。
6. In China, great enthusiasm of the people to modernize their country was matched by the great leadership of Deng Xiaoping. 在中国，建设现代化国家不但有人民极大的热情，而且还有 邓小平的英明领导。
3. He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for racy phrases. • 他强烈地感觉到习语是语言的支柱，他特别主张用生动 的短语。 • 他认为习语是语言的脊梁，主张用生动的习语，这种想 法是完全正确的。
主要内容
• 英汉段落比较 • 段落翻译
英汉段落比较
相同点： 语篇功能
具有独立完整意义的 段落
相关段落
开篇布局
承前启后
引申阐述
结尾收篇
英汉段落比较
相同点： 句际关系
一般与个别
渐进
对比
配对
• Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important chara cteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronaut’s suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, but for its utility.
2. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed. 在个别交谈之前我们已就要讨论的问题做了备忘录。
3. The Secretary of State was aware that final decisions must be held open for the President. 国务卿心里有数，最后决定必须由总统做出。
4. The President gave Victor Henry a hearty handshake, his grip warm and damp. 总统与维克多. 亨利真诚地握手，他的手又热又湿。
5. It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us. • 这是一个真正的挑战，那些向我们学习的人已经超越我 们了。 • 青出于蓝而胜于蓝，这对我们是一种鞭策。
8. There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow. All the faculty is expected to attend. 明天下午两点开教学研讨会，全体教师务必参加。