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英美国家概况专八练习(2)

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（完整版）英美国家概况课后题及答案

（完整版）英美国家概况课后题及答案

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuriesBC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class andthe townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normansfoe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4. The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the Ccentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10. Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of theBritish government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. British Cabinet works on the principle of AA. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic developmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2. In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483. The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4. Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects exceptD .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6. Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8. Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39. The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10. Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the DA. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2. About B of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4. Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5. To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National V ocationalQualifications6. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7. Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9. Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Ladenwere responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2. Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in BA. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6. In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7. Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8. The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9. President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932. The Constitution of the United States CA. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights BA. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4. The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5. All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6. The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7. According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8. The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9. The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10. The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2. The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5. The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except DA. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7. About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8. The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10. At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1. Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary andhigher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary schoolstudents.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4. Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American highereducation.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5. Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees inU. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do thefollowing except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7. Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has areputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9. Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American BroadcastingSystem (ABS)10. The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。

专八人文知识材料-英美概况

专八人文知识材料-英美概况

人文知识英语国家社会与文化主要题型1.自然地理概况201131. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland200932. The capital of Scotland is ________.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. ManchesterD. London2.历史201132. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia’s shores.A. the FrenchB. the DutchC. the BritishD. the Germans 201034. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the US was issued by ________.A. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson3.政治（现状）200931. The Head of State of New Zealand is ________.A. the governor-generalB. the Prime MinisterC. the high commissionerD. the monarch of the United Kingdom 2008According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in _______. A. the federal government B. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Congress4.风俗传统2008年Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. baseballB. tennisC. basketballD. American football考题回顾：1999 年:1. The Observer2. The geographical location of North America3. The old universities in U.K.4. Westminster Palace2000年:1.The titles of English nobility2.The features of Irish landscape3.The longest river in Britain4.The legislative branch in U.K.5.The Hundred Years’ War2001年:1.The founding of Harvard2.The settlement of Anglo-Saxons3.The official name of U.K.4.The economic activity of Canada2002年:1.Wall Street—the financial center2.Big Ben, Benjamin Hall3.The compulsory education in U.K.4.Three branches of U.S.A. government2003年:1.The location of California2.British news agency3.The founding fathers of U.S.A.4.The geography of Canada2004年:1.1920s in U.S.A.2.The largest river in U.S.A.3.The discovery of the New World4.The first settlement in America2005年:1.The capital city of Canada2.How long the U.S. President serves3.The important cities in U.S.A.4.The state church in England2006年:1. The President during the American Civil War was _________.A. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington2. The capital of New Zealand is ____________.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton3. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A. the AboriginesB. the MaoriC. the IndiansD. the Eskimos4. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of __________.A. the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet2007年:1. The current population in the United Kingdom are descendants of all the following tribesexcept ________.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons2. The Head of State of Canada is represented by _______.A. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-General3. The Declaration of Independence was written by __________.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison4. The original inhabitants of Australia is _________.A. The Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. The Maoris2008年:1.The largest city in Canada is ___________.A.VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa2.According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in _______.A. the federal governmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Congress3. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. baseballB. tennisC. basketballD. American football4. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is _________.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British MonarchD. the Prime Minister5. The Canterbury Tales, the collection of stories told by a group of Pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by __________.A. William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson2009年:1. The Head of State of New Zealand is ___________.A. the Governor-GeneralB. the Prime MinisterC. the high CommissionerD. the Monarch of the United Kingdom2. The Capital of Scotland is ___________.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. ManchesterD. London3. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and became the United States of America?A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Thomas PaineD. John Adams4. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?A. PerthB. AdelaideC. SydneyD. Melbourne2010年1. Which of the following is Incorrect?A. The British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British Constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C.The British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D.The British Constitution includes one single written constitution.2. The first city ever founded in Canada is ______.A. QuebecB. V ancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal3. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A.1770B. 1788C. 1900D. 19014. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the United States was issued by _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson2011年：1. The northernmost part of Great Britain is:A. Northern IrelandB. ScotlandC. EnglandD. Wales2. It is generally agreed that ________ were the first Europeans to reach Australia’s shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch3. Which is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. CanadaB. New ZealandC. Great BritainD. The U.S.A.2012年：1. The Maori people are natives of ___________.A. New ZealandB. AustraliaC. IrelandD. Canada2. The British monarch is the Head of __________.A. ParliamentB. GovernmentC. StateD. Government3. Americans celebrate Independence Day on ___________.A. October 11thB. July 4thC. May 31stD. September 6th4. Canada is bounded on the North by ___________.A. the Great LakesB. the Atlantic OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. the Arctic OceanThe United Kingdom自然地理概况:1. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Geographical Names: British Isles, Great Britain and England2. Union Jack: the national flag of U.K.3. Geographical position: the English Channel4. Four political divisions: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff), Northern Ireland (Belfast)5. The Commonwealth: a free association of independent countries6. Rivers and Lakes: the Severn; Thames; River Clyde; Lough Neagh7. Mountains: Ben Nevis (the highest); Scafell (the highest in England); Snowdonia (the highest in Wales)8. The People: English (Anglo-Saxons); (the Celts) Welsh; Scottish; Irish.9. Eisteddfodau10. Places of historical interest: the Tower of London (William the Conqueror); Big Ben; Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament); Westminster Abbey (coronation, wedding ceremony); St. Paul’s Cathedral (London; Protestant Church); Tower Bridge (1894; suspension bridge close to the Tower of London; River Thames); Speakers’ Corner (London Hyde Park)历史备考点:The Origins of a Nation1. The first known settlers—Iberians2. The Celts (700 B.C.): three waves—Gaels; Brythons; Belgae3. Romans: Julius Caesar (55 B.C.); Claudius (43AD, successful invasion); Christianity4. The Anglo-Saxons: three Germanic tribes (Jutes, Anglos, Saxons)5. The Viking and Danes: Alfred the Great—“the father of the British navy”6. The Norman Conquest: 1066, the best-known event in English historyThe Shaping of the Nation1. The Great Charter: 1215, King John, the statement of the relationship between the Crown and the baron; a guarantee of the freedom of the Church; a limitation of the power of the king (the spirit of the Great Charter or Magna Carta)2. The beginning of parliament: All Estates Parliament—Simon de Montfort, 12653. Black Death: the deadly epidemic disease; the 14th century; reduced the population from 4 million to 2 million;4. The Hundred Years’ War (1337—1453)4. The Peasant Uprising: 1381, Wat Tyler (killed) and Jack Straw; to rebel the Poll Tax; a telling blow to villeinage.Transition to the Modern Age1. The Wars of Roses (1455-1485): the battles between Lancaster (red rose) and York (white rose)2. The English Reformation: (1529-1534) Henry VIII, began with a struggle for divorce (Catherine of Aragon) and ended in the freedom from the Papacy3. Bloody Mary: 300 Protestants4. Elizabeth I: the defeat of Armada (the Spanish fleet)5. The English Renaissance: (rebirth) largely artistic; Elizabethan Drama(Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson and William Shakespeare)6. The Divine Rights of Kings: Charles I7. The Civil Wars (1642-1646; 1647-1649): between the Cavaliers and Roundheads; Oliver Cromwell8. The Restoration9. The Glorious Revolution: 1688, the smooth takeover of English throne by William of Orange10. The Bill of Rights (1689) and the constitutional monarchy11. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605: Guy Fawkes; a national annual celebration (bonfire and firework display) on the 5th of November12. 1707, the Act of Union joined England and Scotland (Anne)1801: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland1921: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe British Empire1. Whigs and Tories (the forerunner of the Conservative Party)2. The Enclosure Movement3. The Industrial Revolution: the mechanization of industry; the late 18th and early 19th century4. The Chartist Movement (1836-1848)—“the first broad, really mass, political formed, proletarian revolutionary movement” (Lenin)5. The Labor Party6. The first colony—Newfoundland, 15837. The East Indian Company8. The Opium War: 18409. WWI: the Central Power (Germany and Austria-Hungary); the “Allies”(Britain, France and Russia)10. The Roaring Twenties: women with cropped hair and short dresses; two imports from America: jazz, silent films11. The Swinging Sixties—the permissive age; pop music (the Beatles turned their hometown of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage)12. 1973: a full member of the European Economic Committee13. Thatcherism: the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher (the iron lady)14. The Statute of Westminster (1931)政治1. The Constitutional Monarchy2. The monarch3. The components of the English Parliament4. The British Constitution: unwritten5. Prime Minister; the Cabinet; Lord Chancellor6. The Official Opposition; the “shadow cabinet”7. Downing Street No. 10—the official residence of the Prime Minister8. The Speaker—presiding over the House and enforcing the rules of order9. The vote of no confidence (不信任投票)10. Multi-party system教育,社会,文化传统1. NHS—the National Health Service2. Established religion: the Church of England; the Presbyterian in Scotland3. Football: soccer, the 19th century; Rugby; Cricket; golf4. Eton—public school (公学)5. Universities: the oldest university—Oxford; the University of Cambridge; the University of St. Andrews; the University of Edinburgh6. Stratford-on-Avon: the birthplace of William Shakespeare7. Newspapers: the Observer (the world’s oldest national newspaper); the Times (1785, the oldest daily newspaper in U.K.); the Guardian; the Daily Telegraph Periodicals: the Economist: Spectator; The New Statesman (新政治家)BBC-the most important broadcasting companyNews Agencies: the Reuters 路透社(founded in 1851 by German); Press Association (报纸联合社); Extel Financial Ltd. (金融新闻社)8. Easter: the resurrection of Christ, the first Sunday after the first full moon after the spring equinox9. Hogmanay10. Boxing Day: December 26th11. Queen’s Birthday: Buckingham Palace; Trooping the Color (女王阅旗仪式) Ireland1.The Emerald Isle: the rich green countryside2.The largest river—the Shannon River3.Two official languages: Irish, English4.National Day: March 17th, St. Patrick’s Day5.Parliament: the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann); the Senate (Seanad)6.The two political parties: Fianna Fail; Fine Gael7.The oldest university in Ireland: the University of Dublin8.Roman Catholics: 93% of the Irish population9.Ulysses: James Joyce’s masterpieceThe United States of America:地理, 人口及基本事实1.The United States of America: the States, the US or Uncle Sam2.American National Flag: 17773.The Rocky Mountains—the backbone the continent; the Continental Divide4.The Mississippi—the world’s third longest continental river, “Father ofWaters”, “Old Man River”.5.The Rio Grande River: the natural boundary between Mexico and the UnitedStates6.The Five Great Lakes: Huron; Ontario; Michigan; Erie; Superior7.The Niagara Falls—between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie8.Yellowstone National Park—the oldest national park in the world and thelargest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A.9.The Statute of Liberty—New York Harbor10.Grand Canyon—the state of Arizona11.Alaska and Hawaii—the two newest states in USA12.Alaska; Rhode Island; Texas13.New England—the birthplace of America14.Thomas Edison—the Wizard of Menlo Park (门洛帕克的奇才) （新泽西州东北部的爱迪生纪念塔）15.Thomas Jefferson—the first one to inaugurate in New York City 1600—1900:1. The discoverers of America: Christopher Columbus; Amerigo Vespucci2. The first colony—Jamestown, Virginia, 16073. The 13 colonies: along the east coast4. May Flower: 1620, Plymouth, the state of Massachusetts5. Stamp Tax: British East India Company; tea at lower prices in colonies6. The Boston Tea Party: 17737. The First Continental Congress: 1774, Philadelphia;8. The Second Continental Congress: 1775, Philadelphia9. The War of Independence10. The Declaration of Independence: drafted by Thomas Jefferson, July 4th, 177611. The Treaty of Paris: 1783, the independence of the United States12. The Constitutional Convention: 178713. The Bill of Rights: the first ten amendments of the Constitution14. Abraham Lincoln: Emancipation Proclamation; Homestead Bill: 186516. The Louisiana Territory17. The Westward Movement18. KKK: Ku Klux Klan1900—1945:1. The “Open Door Policy”2. The 1920s—material success and spiritual frustration3. The Great Depression—1929-19334. “New D eal”—Franklin D. Roosevelt “the only thing we have to fear is feat itself”5. WWI—a yearlong neutrality policy6. Isolationism—1930s, to keep the U.S. out of the war in Europe and Asia7. 1941, the Atlantic Charter8. WWII—(guiding principles) establishing postwar political structure inaccordance with American interests and preventing Soviet Union fromover-expansion1945—:1. The containment policy; the Truman Doctrine; the Marshall Plan2. The Civil Rights Movement3. The Sino-US relations: 1972; 19794. The Vietnam War: 1950-19755. Baby-boomer: 1946-1961, helped to bring an end to the Vietnam War5. The Counterculture Movement6. The New Frontier: John F. Kennedy7. The Watergate Scandal—Nixon, the first to resign in American history8. New Right conservatism9. Desert Storm政治1. The American constitution; 1787, 1789; the oldest written constitution2. The Bill of Rights3. The Separation of three powers4. The Congress: the Senate; the House of Representatives5. The President can appoint the federal court judges, preside over the government, sign and veto laws passed by the Congress;6. Impeachment7. The judicial branch: the Supreme Court8. The bipartisanship—the Republican (elephant); the Democratic (donkey)9. The Democratic: Anti-Federalists; Thomas Jefferson10. The Republican11. “Winner-take-all” principle: applied in all states except Maine教育,社会,文化传统1. The higher education: two-year colleges, four-year colleges and universities.2. The best research universities: Harvard (1636), Yale, Princeton, Columbia, MIT (on the east); Stanford, Berkeley (on the west)—private.3. Three functions of the higher education: teaching, research and public service.4. The age of the students admitted by schools: 65. Graded schools: elementary schools (grades 1—8); high school (9—12).6. No national system of education7. Three main types of popular music: Jazz (U.S.’s unique contribution to music); Rock-and-roll; the Western Country music.8. “The Lost Generation”9. Important cities:Washington D.C. (1800, John Adams ordered the transfer of the capital from Philadelphia to Washington D.C.);New York City (city of the world; Times Square; the United Nations;Manhattan—the heart of the city; Wall Street; Broadway);Chicago—the second largest city; “Great Center Market of U.S.”San Francisco—the Golden Gate BridgeLos Angeles—Hollywood and DisneylandPhiladelphia—the city for two Continental Congress; the capital city from 1790 to 1800; founded by William Penn, meaning “the city of Brotherly Love”; the cradle of American libertyHuston—“the Pearl in the Gulf”; “the Space City of the U.S.A.”Detroit—the motor city;10. Independence Day: July 4th, the birthday of the nation;11. Halloween: October 31st12. Thanksgiving Day: a typical American holiday13. Veterans’ Day14. The plane—1903, the Wright brothers15. Newspaper and magazines: the New York Times; Washington Post; the Los Angeles Times; the Wall Street Journal; Time; Newsweek; Readers’ Digest16. The largest public library: Library of Congress; Metropolitan Museum: the 5th Avenue, Manhattan, New York City: the Empire State Building: Manhattan, New York City17. Sports: football; baseball; basketballCanada1.The National Day: July 1 (1867)2.The origin of the name “Canada”: “kanata”3.The national flag: Maple Leaf Flag, white square in the centre, a red stylized11-pointed maple leaf4.Two discoverers of Canada: John Cabot; Jacques Cartier5.Official languages: Bilingualism—English, French; the official Language Act(1969)6.Important cities: Ottawa(the capital, the 4th largest city); Vancouver (the 3rdlargest city, ice-free harbor); Montreal (the 2nd largest city); Toronto (the largest city)7.Seven Years’ War: 1756-1763; between France (defeated) and England8.Quebec: the largest province; strong French culture9.The Constitutional Act of 1791: Upper Canada; Lower Canada10.The British North America Acts in 1867: the dominion; the Statute ofWestminster in 1931: independence.11.The head of state: Britain’s monarch, who is represented by the GovernorGeneral12.The Parliament: the Crown, the Senate and the House of Commons13.Constitution: partly written, partly unwritten14.Political parties: the Liberal Party; the Progressive Conservative Party15.Universities: the Laval University; the University of Toronto16.Media:Newspapers; the Toronto Star; the Globe and Mail; Le Journal De Montreal Magazines: MacLean’s; News WeeklyAustralia1. “T he Land Down Under”2. Population: Indigenous Australians; mainly of British descent;3. Australia’s National Day: January 264. Great Barrier Reef: the longest coral reef in the world5. National flower: wattle; national bird: lyrebird6. Important cities: Canberra; Sydney; Melbourne; Brisbane; Adelaide; Perth; Darwin7. 1901: the Commonwealth of Australia; 1931: independence8. Elementary education: 5-11; secondary education: 11-189. Animals: koala; kangaroos10. William Dampier; James Cook11. 1788, as a colony to receive convicts from Britain12. Multiculturalism: 197313. Politics: a federation; a written Constitution; Legislature14. The head of state: Britain’s monarch, represented by the Governor General15. The gold rushes: 1850s16. The Sydney Morning Herald (先驱报): the oldest newspaper in AustraliaNew Zealand1.National Day: December 6th, 18402.The land of the long white cloud3.Cities: Auckland; Wellington4.Official language(s)5.Haka: a dance performed to daunt the enemy and to prepare warriors for thebattle6.The International Date Line7.fault line: the cause of the frequent earthquakes8.The Kiwis: the national symbol9.James Cook--the first Englishman to visit New Zealand10.Abel Tasman: the first European to visit New Zealand in 164211.1840: the Treaty of Wantagi12.No single written constitution13.The head of state: Britain’s monarch, represented by the Governor General14.Only one chamber: the House of Representatives15.the world’s biggest farm16.General election in New Zealand is held every 3 years since 1879; theNational Party, the Labor Party17.Universities: University of Auckland; University of Canterbury。

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。

英美国家概况课后习题

英美国家概况课后习题

英美概况课后习题Chapter 1 The Land (P8)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The full and official name of Great Britain changed into its present-day form in the yearof .A. 1920B. 1927C. 1914D. 1945(B)2. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)3. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber(D)4. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)5. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell(D)6. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three(A)7. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs(C) 8. The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in ___________.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North SeaIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The Strait of Dover 多佛海峡3.The English Channel 英吉利海峡4.Greenwich 格林威治8.The Britain Isles 大不列颠群岛13.The Thames River 泰晤士河14.The Severn River 塞汶河ke Neigh 讷湖ke District 湖区18.Edinburgh 爱丁堡19.Glasgow 格拉斯哥20.Cardiff 加的夫Questions1. 3 features of British climateWinter fogRainy daysInstability/changeabilityChapter 2 The People (P17)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)2. The English people are descendants of .A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes(C)3. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. NormanD. Danish(A)6. The established church of Britain is .A. The Church of EnglandB. Free churchC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of Scotland(A)7. Which of the following religious sects does not belong to Free Churches?A. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. QuakersC. MethodistsD. Baptists(A)8. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.A. ComingB. BirthC. DeathD. ResurrectingII．Blank filling2.The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish arethe descendants of the Celts.8. Most of the British social customs are based on the Christian tradition.III. Match the names of the cities with the descriptions.Column A Column B__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain__c__2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain__g__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside__b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain__d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside__e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland__i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland__h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.Old English 古英语2.Middle English 中期英语3.Modern English 现代英语4.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会6.Christmas 圣诞节7.Easter 复活节8.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂11.City of London 伦敦城12.Outer London 外伦敦13.Poets' Corner 诗人角14. Birmingham 伯明翰Questions2. Westminster AbbeyIt is a large, mainly Gothic church, the traditional place of coronation and burial site for British monarchs. Particularly in poets’ Corner, many famous men and women are buried.3.ShakespeareGreat Tragediesa)Hamletb)Othelloc)King Leard)MacbethGreat Comediese)The Merchant of Venicef)The Twelfth Nightg) A Midsummer Night’s Dreamh)As you Like ItChapter 4 Parliament and Government (P35)I. Choices1.Which of the following statement is NOT true of British political system?A.Britain has no codified constitution.B.Britain is a federal state.C.Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.D.British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.3. A bill that deals with finance is always introduced __________.A. by the Chancellor of the ExchequerB. in the House of Lords.C. in the House of CommonsD. in the Privy Council4. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of ___________.A. the QueenB. the Prime ministerC. the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords5. The British government ministers are responsible to ___________ for the work of their department.A. the House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the CabinetD. the Privy Council6. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of __________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament8. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden _________________.A. to be voters at electionsB. to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changesD. to compete with others for a higher rankII. Blank Filling1. The British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2. The present sovereign of Britain is Queen Elisabeth II, and Prince Charles is the heir to the throne.4. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain.5. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.6. The president of the House of Lord is the Lord Chancellor, and the presiding officer of the House of Commons is “Mr. Speaker”.III. Translate the following into Chinese1. the House of Lords 贵族院亦称上院2. the House of Commons 平民院亦称下院3. the Lord Chancellor 大法官5. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部6. the Home Office 内政部IV. Explain the following in Chinese2. Mr. Speaker 下院议长3. the Cabinet 内阁Questions4.What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consist of?The supreme legislative authority rests with Parliament, which consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.5.The Privy CouncilThe Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King. So the Privy Council was also called the King’s Council in history. Today its role is largely formal, advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.Chapter 5 Party Politics and Judiciary (P35)I．Choices1.The conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since_____________.A. the end of the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the end of the Second World WarD. the end of 1960s2.The general election in Britain is held every ____________ year.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 67. The party that has the majority of seats in _________ will form the government in Britain.A. the house of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the privy CouncilD. the Cabinet14. The Famous “Scotland Yard” refers to ____________.A. CIAB. CID D. New Scotland Yard D. House of ParliamentII. Blank Filling2. The conservative party developed out of the Tory Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the Whig party.4. For the election purpose, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which elects one member of the House of Parliament.III. Translate the following into Chinese6. the Lord Chancellor 大法官7. Home Secretary 内政大臣Chapter 6 Early Man and the Feudal Society (P54)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________.A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons(B) 2. From 700 B.C., the Celts came from the ________ and began to inhabit British isles.A. Iberian PeninsulaB. Upper RhinelandC. Lower RhinelandD. Scandinavian countries(B) 3. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. AugustineD. the Pope(B) 4.Roman Britain lasted until the year of ______ when all Roman troops went back to thecontinent.A.400 A.D.B. 410 A.D.C.445 A.D. D.449 A.D.(D) 5.Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?A.Welsh ChristianityB. the Roman RoadsC. citiesD. enormous wealth (A) 6.In the middle of fifth century, Anglo-Saxons came from the region of _____ and the lowCountries and settled in Britain.A.DenmarkB. NorwayC. GermanyD. Holland(D) 8.Which of the follow kingdoms was NOT set up by Angle?A. NorthumbriaB. MerciaC. East AngliaD. Kent(A) 9.Which of the follow kingdoms was set up by the Jutes?A. KentB. SussexC. WessexD. Essex(C) 13. “Doomsday Book” was in fact a record of each man’s _____________.A. experienceB. behaviorC. propertyD. reputation(B) 15.The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchantsV. Translate the following into Chinese1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服2. Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居3. Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy 盎格鲁撒克逊人七国时代5. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役6. “Doomsday Book ” 末日审判书7. the Great Charter 大宪章Questions6. All Estates Parliament 各级议会In 1265, Simon called a parliament with two knights from each shire and two citizens from each town. It was known as the “All Estates Parliament”.7. Model Parliament 模范议会Chapter 7 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois Revolution (P65) I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. _______ launched the Hundred Years’ War.A. Edward ⅠB. Edward ⅡC. Edward ⅢD. Henry Ⅲ(C) 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Hundred Years War was a feudal war.B. The Hundred Years War was a trade war.C. The Hundred Years War lasted for one hundred years.D. The Hundred Years War is one of the historical events that marked the decline offeudalism in Britain.(B) 3.From ______ onward, Parliament was divided into two chambers.A.1337B. 1343C.1453D.1455(D) 4.Black Death to some extent brought _______ to villains.A.Higher wagesB. greater freedomC. better lifeD. both A and B(D) 7.War of Roses were fought _____ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to1485.A. constantlyB. irregularlyC. continuouslyD. intermittently(D) 9.The House of Tudor was founded in _______.A. 1455B. 1465C. 1475D. 1485(C) 10.The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th(A) 11. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages hadcared about.B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.(A) 12.The two centuries just before the outbreak of the Bourgeois revolution were a period of___.A. capital accumulationB. colonization abroadC. foreign territorialD. enlightenment(A）16.The King’s men at the beginning of the first Civil War were called ___________.A. CavaliersB. roundheadsC. PuritansD. Presbyterians(D) 19. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Commonwealth period?A. Cromwell suppressed the diggers.B. Cromwell killed Levelers in the army.C. Cromwell conquered Ireland.D. Cromwell restored the House of Stuart.(D) 20.The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne.A. Charles ⅠB. Charles ⅡC. James ⅡD. William of OrangeIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. the Enclosure 圈地运动2. Puritan 清教徒4. The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战7. Black Death 黑死病8. Cavaliers and Roundheads 骑士党和圆颅党Questions8. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝的复辟9. “glorious revolution” 光荣革命In 1688, the bourgeoisie staged a bloodless coup d’etat and put William of Orange on the throne, which came to be known as “the Glorious Revolution”.Chapter 8 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement (P74) Ⅰ.Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal-miningD. ship-building(A)2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt(D)3. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Productivity was greatly increased.B. Unskilled workers were employed.C. Many new cities sprang up.D. Workers’ living and working conditions were improved.Questions10. What were the consequences(结果) of the British Industrial Revolution?A: First, the industrial bourgeoisie(工业资产阶级) gained supremacy(最高权力,霸主地位) in the 1840s not only in the economic but also in the political life of the country. Second, productivity was greatly increased. Third, as a result of the growth of industry, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Chapter 9 The British Empire and British Imperialism (P84)Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The first British colony was .A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India(B)3. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.A. PekingB. NankingC. TientsinD. Canton(C)5. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ?A. foreign territorial expansionB. export of capitalC. free competitionD. monopoly(B)6. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ?A. GermanyB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. Italy(D)7. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy(D)8. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low(C)11. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?A. 1939B. 1940C. 1941D.1942(D) 12. The British Commonwealth of Nations is a ______________ organization.A. military A. cultural C. economic D. phony(B) 14. The underlying aim of Thatcherism is __________.A. nationalizationB. denationalizationC. cutting wagesD. increasing public expenditure (C)15. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of .A. the slow development of the British economyB. the high inflationC. the high rate of unemploymentD. the high rate of taxes(C)16. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950B. 1954C. 1972D. 1997Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese2. the Treaty of Nanking 南京条约4. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦Chapter 10 The Land (P97)I. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.A. northernB. southernC. centralD. eastern(B)2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.A. thirdB. forthC. fifthD. sixth(C)3._____ is the largest state of the United States in area.A. HawaiiB. TexasC. AlaskaD. Pennsylvania(D)9. River _______ flows through New York City.A. MissouriB. St. LawrenceC. ColoradoD. Hudson(B)10. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake _______ is wholly within the US.A. SuperiorB. MichiganC. HuronD. Erie(C)11. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between_________.A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie.C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.D. Lake Superior and Lake Michigan （D）17. the deposits of _____________ in the US rank the first in the world.A. tinB. copperC. goldD. natural gas(A) 19. the _________ area rich in nonferrous metal deposits in the US.A. Western mountain rangesB. great PlainsC. Central LowlandD. Appalachian mountain range(D) 20. Which of the following is NOT in Washington D.C.?A. the US CapitolB. the white HouseC. Pentagon buildingD. the UN headquartersⅢ. Translate the following into Chinese1.Alaska: 阿拉斯加2.the Mississippi River: 密西西比河3.the Hudson River: 哈德逊河4.“Gold Rush”: 淘金热5.Hawaii: 夏威夷6.the “Motor City”: 汽车城7.the “Space City, USA”: 美国航空城8.the Appalachian Mountains: 阿巴拉契亚山9.the Cordillera Range: 科罗拉多高原10.Niagara Falls: 尼亚加拉瀑布Ⅴ. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B.Column A Column B.1. __c_ Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US2. _ d _ New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US3. __a _ Chicago c. the seat of the federal government4. __b _ Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. Space City USA”6. __h _ Detroit f. he largest leather, shoe and wool market7. __e _ Houston g. the seat of the Continental Congress8. __j San Francisco h. “Motor City ,USA”9. _ f__ Boston i. one of Americans top steel-making areas10. i__ Pittsburgh j. the city that has the largest ChinatownChapter 11 The People (P107)Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.(B)1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is ____.A. the Black peopleB. WASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics(B)2. The ____ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.A. American IndiansB. HispanicsC. BlackD. Asian Americans(D)3. Race is different from ethnicity because its basis is ____.A. country of originB. religionC. language spokenD. skin color(A)4. The _ _are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. non-WASPsD. Asians(D)5. The state of ___ is the largest in population today.A. New YorkB. ColoradoC. ArizonaD. California(B)7. Hispanics in the US speak _____A. EnglishB. SpanishC. FrenchD. their native languages(D)9. ____ outnumber other religious groups in the United States.A. MethodistsB. CongregationalistsC. QuakersD. ProtestantsII. Blank Filling5. Black people in the US are descended from Negro slaves imported from Africa.8. In the 19th century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as “coolies”.12. Most of the Black people on the US Speak English, while the Hispanics speak Spanish.13. In the US, Protestants outnumber other religious groups.Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese.1.”melting pot”: 大熔炉2.WASPs: 白人盎格鲁.撒克逊新教徒3.ethnicity 种族划分5.Hispanics 拉丁美洲人Questions11.Should the United States be a melting pot or a salad bowl?The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a “melting pot”, meaning people with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds immigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today.America is similar to a Salad Bowl, as every culture can find its position in American society. The immigrants may observe the shared culture of US while keeping their original identities.Chapter 13 Government System (P122)I. Choices(B) 2. The president of the United States exercises the ___________ power.A. legislativeB. executiveC. JudicialD. veto(A) 4. ___________ has the veto power in legislation in the United States.A. PresidentB. Vice-presidentC. Secretary of StateD. Speaker(B) 5. Congress can veto the President’s veto by a _____________ vote of the full membership of both houses.A. two-fifthsB. two-thirdsC. three-fourthsD. three-fifths(D) 6. Under the US Constitution, the President has the power to _________ without the consent of the Senate.A. appoint high officialsB. sign a treaty with other nationsC. declare war upon other nationsD. sign an executive agreement with other nations.(B) 7. The Constitution f the United States says that only _____________ can declare war upon other nations.A. the PresidentB. CongressC. Department of DefenseD. the national Security Council(B) 8. The department of __________ advises the President on foreign relations.A. DefenseB. stateC. CommerceD. Labor(C) 10. FBI and Federal Prisons are among the responsibilities of the Department of ________.A. stateB. DefenseC. JusticeD. Commerce(D) 13. The number of representatives from each state is fixed according to the size of__________ the State has.A. the territoryB. the economyC. the votersD. the population(B) 14. Representatives in the United Sates are elected _________________.A. annuallyB. every 2 yearsC. every 3 yearsD. every four years(C) 15. Impeachment of the President should be _______________.A. proposed by the Senate and decided on by the House.B. Proposed by the House and decided on by the Supreme CourtC. proposed by the House and decided on by the SenateD. proposed by the Senate and decided on the Supreme CourtII. Blank Filling1. The constitution of United States follows two principles: the federal system and the “separation of powers”.2. The constitution gives the executive power to the president alone.3. The Cabinet of the American government is made up of the heads of Departments.5. In the United States treaties signed by the President with other nations and officials appointed by him must be confirmed by the Senate.7. The Department of Sate is headed by the Sectary of State.IV. Translate the following into English1. Separation of powers 三权分立2. the National Security Council 国家安全理事会3.the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局5.Congress 国会6.the United states information Agency 美国新闻总署7.the Supreme Court 最高法院Questions:12. What are the two principles followed by the constitution? Explain each.The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government while the separation of powers means the three branches of the federal government are independent of each other, but each checks the other two (checks and balances).ment on the relationship between the President and Congress.If the president vetoes the bill passed by the congress, his veto may be overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress and the bill became the law.Chapter 14 State Government and Party Politics (P135)I. Choices1. ___________ is the most important part of a state government.A. The executiveB. The legislatureC. The JudicialD. The governor3. The chief executive of a state is the ______________.A. governorB. sheriffC. Supreme CourtD. council8. Two political parties emerged in the middle of the 19th century united States over the issue of __________.A. slaveryB. the ConstitutionC. admission of new statesD. the economic development11. The General Election in the United States is held every ___________ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 15 The Early Colonization (P145)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)1. Christopher Columbus was a(n) _ navigator .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. ItalianD. Spanish(A)2. The New World discovered by Columbus was named after .A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Marco Polo(B)3. The earliest British settlement on North America was .A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. QuebecD. St. Louis(B)4. The Puritans’ first settlement on North America was .A. JamestownB. PlymouthC. New OrleansD. Virginia(11) The Southern Colonies developed a __________ system with the exploitation of slave labor.A. industrialB. small farmC. plantationD. SlaveryIV. Translate the following into Chinese.1.American Indians 美洲印第安人2.Christopher Columbus 哥伦布5. Mayflower Compact 五月花公约6. Jamestown 詹姆士城7. New England 新英格兰10. self-governing colonies 自治殖民地Chapter 16 American Revolution (P155)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it .(C)10. The Second Continental Congress was held in .A. New York CityB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. Valley Forge(B)11. Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence .A. the first decision made by the Second Continental CongressB. the first declaration of the rights of the individualC. the first Bill of RightsD. the first Constitution of the United States(C) 13. The Constitutional Convention was held in in May 1787 .A. BostonB. New YorkC. PhiladelphiaD. Washington D. C.IV. Translate the following into Chinese.4.the Stamp Act 印花税法5.the Sugar Act 糖税法6.Boston Massacre 波士顿屠杀案7.Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件9.the Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议10.the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言12. Bill of Rights 人权法案Questions:14.Translate the main idea of the Declaration of Independence into Chinese? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

历年英语专业八级英语国家概况试题

历年英语专业八级英语国家概况试题

2000—2004年英语专业八级考试英语国家概况试题2000年1. Who were the first known inhabitants of Britain?A. The CeltsB. The RomansC. The Beaker FolkD. The Iberians2. The native people of Canada came from _______ in prehistoric times.A. AsiaB. RussiaC. EuropeD. South Africa3. The United States of America is the ________ populous country in the world.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. sixth4. The United Kingdom is a ______ State.A. federalB. unitaryC. republicD. feudal参考答案：1. D 英国已知的最早定居者是伊比利亚人（Iberians）。

大约在公元前3000年，他们从地中海地区迁移到不列颠岛定居，成为英国最早的居民。

此后，凯尔特人（Celts）和罗马人（Romans）曾先后入侵占领英伦诸岛。

2. A 史前时期，加拿大的原著民来源于亚洲。

3. B美国是世界第三人口大国，第一为中国，第二是印度。

4. B 英国是一个中央集权制国家（a unitary state），美国则是一个联邦制国家（a federal state）。

2001年1. Canada occupies about _________ of the North American continent.A. 1/2B. 1/4C. 1/3D. 1/52. The Australian population is mainly of _______ descents.A. BritishB. AmericanC. JapaneseD. Chinese3. The causes of the Hundred Years’War between France and England were partly _____ and partly _____.A. political; territorialB. religious; economicC. territorial; economicD. political; religious4. The _____ is the America’s leading center of heavy industry.A. MidwestB. Middle Atlantic statesC. SouthD. Pacific Coast参考答案：1. A 加拿大是世界上第二大国家，仅次于俄罗斯，占北美洲面积的二分之一。

英美概况2试题及答案

英美概况2试题及答案

英美概况2试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 巴黎C. 柏林D. 罗马答案：A2. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 英镑B. 欧元C. 美元D. 日元答案：A4. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 8月15日D. 10月1日答案：A5. 英国的哪个地区以美丽的自然风光著称？A. 苏格兰高地B. 法国南部C. 意大利北部D. 西班牙东部答案：A6. 美国最大的城市是哪一个？A. 纽约B. 洛杉矶C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：A7. 英国的国花是什么？A. 玫瑰B. 郁金香C. 菊花D. 百合答案：A8. 美国的总统任期是多久？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 8年答案：A9. 英国的哪个城市是工业革命的发源地？A. 曼彻斯特B. 利物浦C. 伯明翰D. 利兹答案：A10. 美国的国鸟是什么？A. 鹰B. 鸽子C. 鹦鹉D. 猫头鹰答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的全称是________。

答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的首都是________。

答案：华盛顿特区3. 英国的国旗被称为________。

答案：联合旗4. 美国的国旗有________颗星。

答案：505. 英国的国歌是________。

答案：天佑女王6. 美国的国歌是________。

答案：星条旗7. 英国的皇家宫殿是________。

答案：白金汉宫8. 美国的自由女神像位于________州。

答案：纽约9. 英国的著名大学包括________。

答案：牛津大学10. 美国的著名大学包括________。

答案：哈佛大学三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英国的地理位置。

答案：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛的北部分和周围的许多小岛组成。

2. 描述一下美国的地形特征。

专业英语八级(美国国家概况)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级(美国国家概况)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（美国国家概况）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．The Grand Canyon carved by______is one of nature’s most important sights.A．the Columbia RiverB．the Colorado RiverC．the Rio Grande RiverD．the Missouri River正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况2．In the following cities, which one is a center for touring the lands of native American peoples and is the site of New Mexico State University?A．Phoenix.B．Tucson.C．Albuquerque.D．Salt Lake City.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况3．Many Inuit don’t like to be called Eskimos because______.A．they consider this term insultingB．the term Eskimo comes from a native American wordC．they don’t understand the term EskimoD．the term Eskimo is not an English word正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况4．The Pacific waters provide rich sources of fish and shellfish for______.A．California, Oregon and Washington D.C.B．New York, Pennsylvania and Rhode IslandC．Michigan, Illinois and MissouriD．Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况5．The Grand Canyon in north-western______is one of nature’s most impressive sights.A．UtahB．ArizonaC．NevadaD．Idaho正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况6．The two newest states which joined the United States are______. A．Alaska and FloridaB．Hawaii and OregonC．Alaska and HawaiiD．California and New Mexico正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况7．The largest and smallest states of the United States are______. A．Alaska and Rhode IslandB．Texas and MaineC．Texas and Rhode IslandD．Alaska and Maine正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况8．______are also known as the Continental Divide.A．The Rocky MountainsB．The Appalachian HighlandsC．The Coast MountainsD．The Blue Mountains正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况9．New Englanders were originally known as______.A．YankeesB．English PuritansC．German farmersD．Fishermen from Scandinavia正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况10．What forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States? A．The Rio Grande River.B．The southern Rocky Mountains.C．The Colorado River.D．The Gulf of California.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况11．The financial, manufacturing and transportation center of the United States is______.A．New YorkB．Washington D.C.C．PhiladelphiaD．Chicago正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况12．By the year of 2050, American population is expected to climb to______.A．256 millionB．275 millionC．300 millionD．383 million正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况13．In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled thatA．separate educational facilities had been illegalB．educational facilities had been separate but equalC．educational facilities had been equalD．separate educational facilities were inherently unequal正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况14．The annual population growth rate of the 1990s was______.A．1%B．0.9%C．over 1%D．under 1%正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况15．Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from______.A．Asian and Hispanic countriesB．African countriesC．European countriesD．Central and South American countries正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况16．Which of the following minority group enjoy the worst social and economic conditions?A．Blacks.B．Hispanics.C．Indians.D．Asian Americans.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况17．A major source of population growth is______.A．immigrationB．baby boomC．rising birth rateD．larger number of young people正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况18．The immigrants to the United States spread unevenly over the country with ______having the largest percentage.A．the NortheastB．the MidwestC．the WestD．the South正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况19．The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in______.A．1882B．1883C．1900D．1924正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况20．______was an important immigration reception spot in late 19th century and early 20th century.A．Ellis IslandB．San FranciscoC．HawaiiD．Miami正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况21．The slavery was legally abolished in 1865 by______Amendment.A．the fourteenthB．the fifteenthC．the thirteenthD．the sixteenth正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况22．The three states whose population has grown fastest in the past 20 years are______.A．California, Texas and FloridaB．Arizona, Nevada and FloridaC．California, New Mexico and NevadaD．New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况23．One of the reasons for the growth of population in Florida is its______.A．expanding economyB．large number of Cuban-AmericansC．climateD．exotic food正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况24．There were 21 big cities with a population of over 2 million in 1988 in which ______was the biggest one.A．ChicagoB．Los AngelesC．New YorkD．Philadelphia正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况25．Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels, which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the______.A．early settlersB．PuritansC．native IndiansD．black slaves正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况26．From 1980 to 1989, the population between the age of 25 and 44 increased by 21% because______.A．this was the period of large inflow of immigrants at this age bracketB．those who were born during the period of baby boom reached this age bracket C．those who were born during the period of World War II reached this age bracketD．this was the period of high birth rate of this age bracket正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况27．More than______of the population in the United States lived in city areas in 198A．60%B．75%C．0.9D．0.5正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况28．The first immigrants in American history came from______.A．England and the NetherlandsB．IrelandC．West GermanyD．East Europe正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况29．Florida’s population growth owes much to its attractiveness both as a place of______and as a convenient place for______with central and south America.A．business; retireB．retire; businessC．travel; businessD．retire; travel正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况30．The largest immigration movement took place after______.A．1917B．1890C．1845D．1815正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况31．Up to the end of Word War II, there were______waves of large-scale immigration to the United States.A．fourB．twoC．threeD．none of the above正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况32．During the period between 1815 and 1917, about 30 million people from every corner of Europe immigrated into the United States in three waves. The largest wave bringing to the United Stated a total of 15 million immigrants took place between______.A．1815 and 1830B．1890 and 1914C．1830 and 1854D．1860 and 1890正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况33．During the third wave of immigration from 1890 to 1910, many came from______.A．Britain and the NetherlandsB．Austria-Hungary and RussiaC．Japan and ChinaD．Mexico and Cuba正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况34．In the decade of 1845-1854, there were 5 million Irishmen driven to the United Stated by______.A．English invasionB．English oppressionC．Potato Famines of 1845-1849D．both B and C正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况35．Another trend, which occurs almost at the same time with the movement to the South and the West, is______.A．the flow of population from the densely-populated east coast to the sparsely-populated westB．the movement of population from the rural areas to citiesC．the movement of blacks from the South to other areasD．the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况36．According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are ______great population movements in the history of the United States.A．fiveB．fourC．threeD．two正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况37．The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the______.A．blacksB．HispanicsC．Asian-AmericansD．White ethnics正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况38．In the last great population movement, a large number of people moved to______.A．the NorthwestB．the sunbelt areasC．the SouthD．the Southwest正确答案：B 涉及知识点：美国国家概况39．The Civil Rights Act of 1964 added protections for the right______.A．to voteB．to use public facilitiesC．to enjoy the same education as white peopleD．all of the above正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况40．Between 1980 and 1989, the North of the United States lost 7 million population owing to______.A．people’s deathB．migrationC．more people moving out of the regionD．their mysterious disappearance正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况41．______was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote.A．The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B．The Civil Rights Act of 1964C．The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865D．The V oting Rights Act of 1965正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况42．The first population movement in the United States between the end of the Civil War and 1880 was mainly the flow of population from______to______.A．the east coast, the westB．the west coast, the eastC．the north, the southD．the south, the north正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况43．Between 1960 and 1990, a large number of people moved from______.A．core cities to the suburbsB．rural areas to citiesC．small cities to large citiesD．none of the above正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况44．______are now gathered in the Miami area.A．HispanicsB．Mexican-AmericansC．Puerto RicansD．Cuban-Americans正确答案：D 涉及知识点：美国国家概况45．The second population movement in the United States between 1890 and 1920 mainly featured the people’s moving from______to______.A．the south; the industrialized northB．the north; the southC．the rural areas; citiesD．cities; the rural areas正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况46．The current situation of African-Americans presents______.A．a favorable pictureB．a negative pictureC．a mixed pictureD．an encouraging picture正确答案：C 涉及知识点：美国国家概况47．Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the______.A．gold minesB．silver minesC．coal minesD．copper mines正确答案：A 涉及知识点：美国国家概况。

专八英美概况练习

专八英美概况练习

美国概况练习题：1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C．San Francisco D ．New York City2．_____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions. A．Blacks B ．Hispanics C．Indians D．Asian Americans3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.A．the U.S. President George WashingtonB ．Christopher ColumbusC ．both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD ．none of them4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language. A．varieties B．elements C．parts D．form5．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A ．Thomas Jefferson B．James Monroe C．James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A．Rhode Island B ．Virginia C．TexasD ．Montana7．The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A．the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack8．The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A ．contribution a state has made to the nationB．populationC．sizeD．none of the above9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A．the Amazon River B．the Mississippi River C．the Nile River D．the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A．France B．Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain练习题答案及题解:1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

英语专八人文知识汇总

英语专八人文知识汇总

英语专八人文知识汇总（2008-11-16 13:41）.美国概况练习题1：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

专业英语八级(英国国家概况)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级(英国国家概况)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（英国国家概况）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．All the following places have been major sources of immigrants to the United Kingdom except______since World War II.A．West IndiesB．IndiaC．PakistanD．Palestine正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况2．In Britain______of the population is urban and______is rural.A．90%; 10%B．80%; 20%C．70%; 30%D．60%; 40%正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况3．The ancestors of the English were______.A．the Anglo-SaxonsB．the CeltsC．the BritonsD．the Romans正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况4．The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient______.A．CeltsB．RomansC．NormansD．Britons正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况5．The average population density in Britain is______people per square kilometer.A．237B．370C．800D．500正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况6．During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic______invaded and conquered Britain.A．Angles and CeltsB．Angles and PictsC．Angles and BrythonsD．Angles and Saxons正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况7．On the British Isles there are two countries______.A．Britain and the Republic of IrelandB．England and ScotlandC．Eire and EnglandD．Wales and England正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况8．Of all parts in Great Britain______is the largest in area.A．ScotlandB．EnglandC．WalesD．Northern Ireland正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况9．In______the British Commonwealth was founded.A．1931B．1936C．1939D．1945正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况10．The Strait of Dover is only______kilometers wide.A．30B．31C．32D．33正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况11．On the island of Britain from north to south it runs______km and the widest part extends______km.A．1,000; 500B．500; 1,000C．1,500; 500D．2,000; 600正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况12．Scotland has an area of______square kilometers which makes it rank the second in size.A．130,000B．20,761C．78760D．14147正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况13．Britain is an island country which lies between latitude______to______degrees north.A．40; 60B．30; 50C．50; 60D．60; 70正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况14．In Britain the average rainfall through the whole year is over______mm.A．2,000B．800C．3000D．1000正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况15．The Celts arrived in Britain after______.A．700 BCB．700 ADC．800 BCD．800 AD正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况16．Names beginning with “ M” are______.A．ScottishB．EnglishC．IrishD．Welsh正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况17．Irish, often called Erse, is a form of______.A．FrenchB．GaelicC．GermanicD．Welsh正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况18．To what should we attribute the differences in regional character and speech in Britain?A．The dense and unevenly distributed population.B．British people’s greater tendency to move about the country.C．People’s different ancestry and continuous efforts to preserve their own language and culture.D．British people’s desire to be independent.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况19．Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ______and the North Sea in the east.A．eastB．southC．westD．north正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况20．In Northern Ireland, the dominant group is made up by______.A．Roman CatholicsB．English ProtestantsC．Non-religious peopleD．Jewish people正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况21．Today, the City of London is the business center of London where you can find______.A．big supermarketsB．theatres and cinemasC．large financial organizationsD．restaurants and cafes正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况22．On the island of Great Britain, there are______.A．four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandB．four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and IrelandC．three political divisions—England, Scotland, and WalesD．three political divisions—England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况23．Land enclosure in Ireland and the Scottish highlands led to mass emigration, particularly to______.A．AfricaB．Eastern EuropeC．AsiaD．America正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况24．Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with______.A．the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB．the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC．the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingD．the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况25．The Lake District, which is well-known for its beautiful scenery, is located in the______.A．south of ScotlandB．northwest of EnglandC．north of WalesD．east of England正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况26．About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from West Indies, India and______.A．IndonesiaB．SingaporeC．Hong KongD．Pakistan正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况27．The very first known settlers of Britain were______.A．the CeltsB．the Anglo-SaxonsC．the RomansD．the Iberians正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况28．The Roman control was only effective in______.A．ScotlandB．WalesC．LondonD．the southeast of Britain正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况29．The Hadrians Wall was built during the occupation of______.A．the CeltsB．the RomansC．the Anglo-SaxonsD．the Roman正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况30．The Celts came to Britain in______main waves.A．twoB．threeC．fourD．five正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况31．Christianity was first brought to England by the______.A．RomansB．CeltsC．Anglo-SaxonsD．Danes正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况32．The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday came from______.A．ChristianityB．Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religionC．DruidismD．Norman belief正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况33．The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and they pulled out in______.A．306 ADB．410 ADC．446 ADD．1066 AD正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况34．The true Roman occupation began in______.A．43 ADB．55 BCC．410 ADD．54 BC正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况35．The Witan, the basis of the Privy Council was created by______.A．the CeltsB．the Anglo-SaxonsC．the NormansD．the Romans正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况36．Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?A．The Angles.B．The Saxons.C．The Gads.D．The Jutes.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况37．______laid the foundations of the English state.A．The CeltsB．The Anglo-SaxonsC．The RomansD．The Normans正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况38．______became the first real king of England, though he did not assume that style.A．OffaB．EgbertC．V ortigemD．Hengist正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况39．Alfred the Great was the King of______.A．SusssexB．EssexC．WessexD．Mercia正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况40．Canute was a______leader.A．DanishB．RomanC．Anglo-SaxonD．Norman正确答案：A 涉及知识点：英国国家概况41．______became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A．ComumbaB．EthelbertC．St. AugustineD．Egbert正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况42．On the Christmas Day of 1066,______was crowned King of England.A．EdwardB．HaroldC．EdgarD．William正确答案：D 涉及知识点：英国国家概况43．When Edward, the Confessor died, the Witan chose______as English King.A．Duke WilliamB．EdithC．HaroldD．Tostig正确答案：C 涉及知识点：英国国家概况44．For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, but the Romans never conquered the tribes of______.A．CeltsB．ScotlandC．SaxonsD．Britain正确答案：B 涉及知识点：英国国家概况。

英语国家概况课后练习题含答案 (2)

英语国家概况课后练习题含答案 (2)

英语国家概况课后练习题含答案综合题1.列举目前世界上说英语的国家，以及英语在这些国家中的地位。

目前世界上说英语的国家有：英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家，同时在许多国际组织，例如联合国、世界卫生组织等中也广泛使用英语作为官方语言和工作语言。

2.英式英语和美式英语有哪些不同？举例说明。

英式英语和美式英语有很多的不同之处。

其中最明显的一点是音标和词汇。

英式英语往往使用音标符号“r”和“u”，而美式英语往往使用音标符号“ɹ”和“ʊ”。

此外，在词汇方面也有很多不同之处，例如，–英式英语：lorry，美式英语：truck；–英式英语：autumn，美式英语：fall；–英式英语：flat，美式英语：apartment。

3.英国各地方言有哪些？请任选一种方言进行简要介绍。

英国各地方言非常多，其中以威尔士语、苏格兰语和爱尔兰语为主。

这些方言往往在发音、语法和词汇上有很多的差异。

例如，–威尔士语中“ch”发音像“hi”，“th”发音像“th”；–苏格兰语中有很多单词使用不同的词汇来表示一样的意思；–爱尔兰语中拼写和发音的关系较为复杂。

这里简要介绍苏格兰语。

苏格兰语历史悠久，是一种独特的方言。

在苏格兰的一些地方如高地，苏格兰语还是重要的一种语言。

除了苏格兰人使用的大地方言外，苏格兰也有各个地区的方言。

例如，安格斯安卡斯特方言，如下：–“ochinae”代表“oh no”；–“lum”代表“chimney”；–“fooser”代表“muddle”。

选择题1.英语在以下哪个领域中具有最高的地位？A. 商业B. 文化C. 政治D. 科技答案：D2.根据以上综合题，以下哪个国家不是说英语的国家？A. 英国B. 瑞士C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚答案：B3.英式英语和美式英语的音标在哪个方面不同？A. 音节B. 音符C. 音高D. 音色答案：B填空题1.苏格兰语在苏格兰高地地区依然具有重要地位，此外苏格兰也有各个地区的方言。

Week 13 (1)英美国家概况 专八复习

Week 13 (1)英美国家概况 专八复习

8.
The British launched the Opium War against China in ____. A. 1841 B. 1842 C. 1840 D. 1839
9.
Germany became a fascist nation, followed up by ___. A. Italy B. Hungary C. Austria D. Italy and Japan
4.
Thomas Moore’s prose writing __ was the typical work in the English Renaissance. A. Faerie Queen B. Utopia C. Paradise Lost D. Romeo and Juliet
12.
The Second World War finally ended in ___. A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1949
13.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President____ decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from getting into Cuba. A. Johnson B. Kennedy C. Nixon D. Reagan
6.
The Chartist Movement started in ___, marking the workers’ awareness in politics. A. 1837 B. 1836 C. 1842 D. 1847

Week 13 (1)英美国家概况 专八复习

Week 13 (1)英美国家概况 专八复习

2.
____ set up Privy Council, and began to carry out the reform in church. A. Henry VII B. Henry I C. Henry VIII D. Henry VI
3.
The Church of England was established during the reign of ____, with the King or Queen as the head, and broke away from the Roman Church. A. Mary I B. Victoria C. Catherine D. Elizabeth I
10.
The surrender of ___ marked the end of anti-fascist World War II. A. Italy B. Germany C. Japan D. Austria
11.
The Truman Doctrine was directed against ___. A. Nazi fascism B. Communism C. Japan D. the “free world”
4.
Thomas Moore’s prose writing __ was the typical work in the English Renaissance. A. Faerie Queen B. Utopia C. Paradise Lost D. Romeo and Juliet
12.
The Second World War finally ended in ___. A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1949
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4.
The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in ___. A. 1620 B. 1607 C. 1776 D. 1619
Supplementary materials
The
Early Immigrants
Gettysburg – Turning Point
Gettysburg
is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days. It was the last time the South invaded the North.
The important decision made at the Second Continental Congress was ___. A. the establishment of a continental army under the command of George Washington. B. the adoption of the Constitution C. an appeal to the British King D. A and B
1. Mayflower Compact
The
Pilgrims reached an agreement called the Mayflower Compact, signed by all adult male passengers on the ship. The Pilgrims would govern themselves by electing their own leaders and making “just and equal laws”.
The Civil War: Union vs Confederacy
Confederate
Union
Cause No. 1 Election of Lincoln
Election
of
Lincoln. Southern States felt they were bullied by the North when he was elected.
Lincoln is Assassinated
exercises
1.
The First Continental Congress was held in ____ in September, 1774. A. Philadelphia B. Boston C. New York D. Washington, D.C.

The Congress issued a call for a boycott of trade, including both imports and exports between the colonies and Britain. The Continental Congress drew up the Declaration of Rights and Grievance that requested protection of rights of the colonies from George III.

The Congress decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and to appoint George Washington as commander.
III. American Civil War
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
3.
The Declaration of Independence was drafted by ____. A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washington
4.
Conflicts
leading to Armed Revolution
1. The First Continental Congress

In September 1774, representatives from 12 colonies (no representatives from Georgia) met in Philadelphia “to consult upon the present unhappy state of the colonies”. It was the first meeting of the Continental Congress which played an important coordinating role among the thirteen colonies in dealing with Britain.
2.The
United States is ___. A. the largest country in the world. B.The second largest country in the world C. the third largest country in the world D. the fourth largest country in the world
Cause No. 2: Abolitionism
Harriet Beecher Stowe
So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!
Week 11 (2)
America Civil War
Review
1.
a. b.
c.
d.
The ____, the backbone of the North American continent is also known as the Continental Divide. Appalachians Rockies Blue Ridge Mountains Great Smokies
The Second Continental Congress

The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May, 1775. The colonists had not yet decided to break away from Britain. However, they realized they needed a regular army to defend themselves against British troops.
Gettysburg Address

that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

The War Begins - the Firing on Fort Sumter
The Progress of Secession
Emancipation Proclamation
It
freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union. It did not free slaves in border states. 1863 Emancipation = freedom
2. Thanksgiving Day

On the last Thursday in November, they celebrated the first Thanksgiving Day with a feast to thank God for His protection and the Indians who had helped them which is sometimes called the ____, has played a vital role in the history of the United States. A. “Old Man River B. “Moon River” C. “Old Father River” D. “Mother of the United States”
2.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid discription of the miserable life of the _____. A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves
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