常见句型翻译技巧

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[翻译技巧]英语特殊结构翻译

[翻译技巧]英语特殊结构翻译

[翻译技巧]英语特殊结构翻译英语特殊结构的句型比较固定,在纷杂的英语句子中找出一些普遍性和代表性的规律,对理解或翻译颇有裨益。

在尊重汉语习惯表达方式的前提下,如何将英语特殊结构译成准确的汉语,是提高翻译水平的关键问题之一。

1、倒装句英语倒装句,无论是完全倒装,还是部分倒装,都与汉语的语序有差异,翻译时应尊重汉语习惯,将句子理顺。

例:Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.铁锤一落,火星四溅。

(原句为完全倒装。

)2、强调句翻译好强调句的关键在于掌握好强调句型(It is…that/who/which/…)。

应注意该句型与主语从句意义上的差异。

例:1)It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress or who can spend money on others as he spends on himself.只有不同寻常的人才能远离经济重压,才能把钱花在别人身上就像花在自己身上一样。

(该句强调an unusual person,在译文中用"只有"两字体现出来。

)试比较主语从句:We had a lot of fun at the beach.It was really a fly in the ointment that George cut his foot on a piece of glass.我们在海滩上玩得很开心,美中不足的是乔治的脚被一块玻璃割破了。

(句中的It为形式主语,代替that引导的主语从句。

a fly in the ointment油膏里有一只苍蝇,喻美中不足。

)3、被动语态英语被动语态使用比较多,尤其是科技论文中特别突出,这与汉语形成鲜明的对照。

在汉语表达中,主动语态比被运语态用得更普遍些。

因此,在进行英译汉时,最好能尊重汉语习惯,将英文被动句转换在汉语主动句。

英文翻译技巧强调句的翻译

英文翻译技巧强调句的翻译

一、倒装的翻译
(二)强调状语
At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons. 在任何时候和任何情况下,中国都不会首先使用或 威胁使用核武器。(直接按照英语的顺序翻译)
It is +被强调部分+that…句型
It was Professor Wu that/who sent me the letter. 给我寄信的正是吴教授。(强调主语)
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening: 昨天晚上在实验室做实验的正是我的父亲。(强调主语)
一、倒装的翻译
(四)强调宾语补足语 在翻译对宾语补足语强调的英语句子时,应该把补足
语还原到宾语后面去翻译。
Electronic computers make possible the fast complicated calculation. 电子计算机使快速进行复杂计算成为可能。(把 possible还原到宾语后面)
一、倒装的翻译
英语中,强调部分通常放在句首,采用倒 装或前叠来强调句子中的某些成分。翻译的 时候,可以直接按照英语原文的顺序翻译, 或者把英语中的强调成分还原为句子的正常 顺序来翻译。
一、倒装的翻译
(一)强调宾语 Such good students we have newer
seen. 像这样好的学生,我们还从来没有见过。 (直接按照英语顺序翻译) Not a word did he say the whole two hours. 整整两个小时她一句话也没说。(把宾语还 原到谓语动词后面翻译)

五种基本句型 句子翻译

五种基本句型 句子翻译

用规定的句型翻译下列句子一、主+系+表1、这是本关于美国历史的书。

2、树叶已经变黄了。

3、这份报告听起来很有趣。

4、他失业了。

二、主+谓1、他昨天早上起床很迟。

2、那个夜晚我们谈了很多。

3、过去十年间我的家乡变化很大。

4、五年前我住在北京。

三、主+谓+宾1、我昨晚写了封信。

2、我爸可以流利地说英语。

3、你必须两周内读完这些书。

4、工作中你可以依靠他。

四、主+谓+间宾+直宾1、奶奶给我讲了个奇异的故事。

2、我妈给我买了辆新自行车。

3、请你把字典递给我一下,好吗?4、我给你叫的士吧?五、主+谓+宾语+宾补1、每个早上我们都听到他大声读书。

2、我们已经释放了那个小偷。

3、他每个月剪一次头发。

4、我们会使我们的学校更漂亮。

一、S + Linking-V + C1. This is a book about American history.2. The leaves have turned yellow.3. This report sounds very interesting.4. He is out of work.二、S + Vi1. He got up very late yesterday morning.2. That night we talked a lot.3. My hometown changed a lot in the past ten years.4. I lived in Beijing five years ago.三、S + Vt + O1. I wrote a letter last night.2. My dad can speak English fluently.3. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.4. You can depend on him in your work.四、S + Vt + IO + DO1. Grandma told me a fantastic story.2. My mom bought me a new bike.3. Would you please pass me the dictionary?4. Shall I call you a taxi?五、S + Vt + O + OC1. Every morning we hear him read aloud.2. We have set that thief free.3. He has his hair cut once a month.4. We will make our school more beautiful.。

英译汉常考短语及句型译法

英译汉常考短语及句型译法

英译汉常考短语及句型译法1、与anything构成的词组译法(1)anything but:○1除……之外什么都(此处的but等于except);○2决不(=not at all)I eat anything but (except) lamb.(2)anything of:○1(疑问句/条件句)一点点;○2(否定句)一点也没有is he anything of a scholar?(3)for anything:(否定句)(给什么都)不,决不I won’t say a word for anything.(4)Or anything:意味着还有其他的可能性If Benard wants to call me or anything , I’ll be here all day.(5)if anything:若有(任何不同)的话If anything, my new job is harder than my old one.2、as 引导的状语从句译法翻译时这种从句作定语从句处理。

We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed.3、与but 构成的词组译法(1)all but :几乎,差一点;除……以外其余都是She all but fainted when she heard the news.(2)but for:要不是But for the snow we should have had a pleasant journey.(3)nothing but:(=none but=only):仅仅,只不过We could see nothing but fog.(4)But that +从句:若不是……He could have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.4、cannot…too…结构的译法cannot…too…再……也不过分,应该We cannot be too faithful to our duties.5、have none of 短语的译法have none of :不参加,不接受I will have none of your stupid ideas!6、It is not that …but that…结构的译法It is not that …but that…:(这)不是说/因为……,而是说/因为……It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measure than the former.7、名词+or+名词结构的译法在此结构中or后的名词是同位语,应译为“即……;或者称……”Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may not be necessary to apply them.8、more…than…结构的译法more…than…:与其……不如……(此比较级结构用来表示程度)He is a man who is more brave than wise.9、much less引导的词组或从句的译法much less ,still less引导的词组或从句,表示一种追加的否定。

翻译技巧(整理)

翻译技巧(整理)

1.AdditionAll empty souls trend to extreme opinion.内心空虚的人极爱走极端。

(语义性增词)A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱。

(结构性增词)2.DeletionGive him an inch and he’ll take an ell.得寸进尺(省略人称代词)All I am, or can be, I owe to my angle mother.我之所以,我之所能,都归功于我慈爱的母亲。

(省略连词)3.DivisionBecause the young man frequently came to the lady’s house,he was regarded as the mistree’s lover.这个小伙子经常来到太太的家。

因此,别人都以为他是这女主人的情人。

(拆分状语从句)Just then the fish gave a sudden lurch that pulled the old man down onto the bow.正在这当儿,那条大鱼突然把船扯得晃荡了一下,//老头给拖得倒向船头那边去了。

(拆开定语从句)binationIt was April 1945.The Second World War was coming to an end.1945年4月,第二次世界大战已接近尾声。

(缩为状语)She went back to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.他回家去照料病重的丈夫。

(缩为定语)5.ExtensionInstead,an assassin’s bullet erased in the minds of Americans any faults he had.事实正好相反,一个刺客的暗杀行径反而使美国人忘却了他所有的毛病。

英语翻译常识。常用句型以及语法

英语翻译常识。常用句型以及语法

第一部分:数词的译法一、数字增减的译法:1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35%2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+%Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3%The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60%3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20%4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。

5.句式特征:%+比较级+名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10%6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20%7.句式特征:%+ (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60%8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。

翻译常用句型

翻译常用句型

翻译常用句型在翻译工作中,使用正确的句型能够帮助我们准确地表达意思,传达原文的含义。

下面是一些常用的翻译句型,帮助我们进行翻译工作。

1. 直译法(Word-for-Word Translation)这种翻译句型是将原文中的每个单词都逐字逐句地翻译成目标语言。

这种句型适用于一些固定搭配的翻译,例如"Thank you"可以直译成"谢谢你"。

2. 归化法(Domestication)归化法是指将原文的表达方式转换为目标语言的习惯表达方式,使得翻译更加易懂和自然。

例如,将英文中的"honeymoon"翻译为"蜜月",就是一种归化的翻译方法。

3. 逆译法(Back Translation)逆译法是指将目标语言翻译回原文所用的方法。

这种方法可以帮助翻译人员检查翻译的准确性和语法的合理性。

例如,将中文的"我爱你"逆译为英文可以得到"I love you"。

4. 释义法(Paraphrasing)在翻译过程中,有时候会遇到一些特定的词汇或短语,对于这些词汇或短语,可以通过释义的方式来翻译。

例如,将英文中的"apple of one's eye"翻译为"掌上明珠",就是通过释义法进行翻译。

5. 文化调整法(Cultural Adjustment)在进行跨文化翻译时,有时候需要对原文进行文化上的调整,使得翻译更符合目标语言的文化习惯和价值观。

例如,将英文的"black cat"翻译为中文时,可以添加"瑞"或"吉"这样的字眼,因为在中国文化中,黑猫往往象征着好运。

6. 意译法(Free Translation)意译法是指在翻译过程中,将原文的意思进行合理转换,以使得翻译更符合目标语言的语法和表达习惯。

常用翻译技巧(四)

常用翻译技巧(四)

译成汉语主动句




The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国武装起来了。 The crew were trained at England. 机组成员是在英国进行训练的。 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。

他毫无自私自利之心,我们大家都应当向他 学习。


拆副词 He was naturally proud of his son’s being enrolled into Qinghua University. 儿子考上清华大学他感到自豪,这是很自 然的。 The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain eclipses. 古人试图解释日月蚀现象,但未能成功。




短语 The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 岛民发现自己远远没有做好战斗准备。 We believe that the younger generations will prove worthy of our trust.





拆形容词 Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “selfreliance”.
毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”政策时, 也许有些自豪感,这是可以理解的。 That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.

翻译技巧

翻译技巧

3. I dragged upstairs; whence, after putting on my dry clothes, and pacing to and fro for thirty or forty minutes to restore the animal heat …
我吃力地上楼去,换上干衣服以后,踱来 踱去走了三四十分钟,好恢复元气/体温。
2. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. (主+ 系+ 表)(复杂简单句)
2. We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.我们决不能姑息养奸/养虎贻患
3. The pen is mightier than the sword. 文字的力量胜于武力
4. They have their smiles and tears. 5. It’s regrettable that our appeal remains a
3. Please tell your father / that I’m very grateful to him for the warm welcome I have received here // and that when I go back I will tell my family all about my visit here. (谓+间宾+2直宾从句)(复杂主从句)

翻译的八大常用技巧

翻译的八大常用技巧

作用与意义1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。

We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。

A large family has its difficulties.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。

Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。

Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.舟遥遥以轻扬,风飘飘而吹衣。

翻译技巧之十个口译经典句型

翻译技巧之十个口译经典句型

1. leave sb the choice of ... or ... 要么…,要么… (选择类经典句)Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠,我们要么顽强抵抗,要么屈膝投降。

The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年过三十,要么成婚,要么单身。

2. be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事(使动类经典句)The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全国同胞都在关注我们,如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政,那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。

他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。

The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能够让你幸福,我愿意付出我的一切。

If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到… (回忆类经典句)Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 T okyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会,可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。

翻译技巧 常见句型的翻译

翻译技巧 常见句型的翻译

6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof冷漠 and arrogant高傲.
他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹,而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
II . 译成后置定语
18.You are the only person who could do it.
只有你才能做这件事。
19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the
college. 他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学。 20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader.
二、状语从句的翻译
I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句
1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意,我就把暖气关上了。
2. As far as I know, there isn’t such a word in English.
翻译技巧十、 常见句型的翻译:
一、定语从句的翻译 二、状语从句的翻译 三、名词性从句的翻译
一、定语从句的译法
Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attributive clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meanings such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-position attribute and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some

汉译英常用语法句型

汉译英常用语法句型

汉译英常用句型一 A + a 结构这种结构通常是指一个大句子后面带有一个小结构,翻译方法通常可以将前者翻译成中心句,后面翻译成同位语,介词短语或是分词和定语从句。

例1:现在我们有16个系,下设39个专业。

There are 16 departments with 39 specialties in our school. (后面翻译成with 的介词结构,这种形式是最常见的方法。

)例2:北京有10个区9个县,总面积1万6千800平方公里。

There are 10 districts and 9 counties in Beijing with an area of 16,800 square kilometers. (方法和上句一样。

)例3:中国在2000年悉尼奥运会上,获得28枚金牌,在奖牌榜上名列第三。

China won 28 gold medals at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Game, ranking 3rd on the medal list. (这句是将后面的句子翻译成分词结构。

)例4:在过去的一年里,中国贯彻扩大内需的方针,经济得到稳步发展。

Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to steady economic development. (这种方法就是把后面一部分翻译成非限定性定语从句,当然我们也可以用并列结构,但是在口译考试中我们对主张用主次结构。

)二 A + a1 + a2 结构这种结构通常是指在主句后面同时出现了两个小句子,翻译的方法通常是将后两者同时变化成定语从句或是同位语的结构,还可以把其中两个变成介词或是同位语结构,这种结构十分常见。

例1:在过去的1年里,中国贯彻扩大内需的方针,经济得到稳步发展,人民生活水平得到显著提高。

(完整版)英语句子翻译技巧.doc

(完整版)英语句子翻译技巧.doc

英语句子翻译技巧以下浅英的几点技巧。

第一,翻注意英文的句型,英文的句型一般来有相的中文法。

如 It的句型的翻:(1)It is+名十从句:It is a fact thatIt is a question that It is good news that ⋯事是⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯是个⋯⋯⋯是好消息it is common knowledge⋯⋯⋯是常(2)It is+去分十从句:It is said that⋯据⋯⋯I t must be pointed out that ⋯必指出⋯⋯It is asserted that ⋯有人主⋯⋯It is supposed that ⋯据推⋯⋯It is believed that ⋯据信⋯⋯It must be admitted that ⋯必承⋯⋯It is reported that ⋯据道⋯⋯It will be seen from ii that ⋯由此可⋯⋯It has been proved that ⋯已明⋯⋯It is general1y considered that ⋯人普遍⋯⋯(3)It is+形容十从句:It is necessary that It is likely thatIt is clear thatIt is important that⋯有必要⋯⋯⋯很可能⋯⋯⋯很清楚⋯⋯⋯重要的是⋯⋯(4)It +不及物十从句:It follows that⋯由此可⋯⋯It happens that⋯碰巧⋯⋯It turne d out that⋯果是⋯⋯第二,注意英被句的翻。

英文的被句常用主句表达,如:You are requested to give a performance英文的被句成的主句:你我表演一个目。

英文中被意也可以用中含有主意的句子来表达。

常成“被”、“由”、“受”、“ ⋯所”等等。

例如:What is feared as failure in American society is ,above all , loneliness. (在美国社会中作失而人所恐惧的,莫于孤独了。

怎么翻译英语句子

怎么翻译英语句子

怎么翻译英语句子怎么翻译英语句子导语:什么是翻译呢?翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上,把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。

现在我们要说的是怎么翻译英语句子。

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。

常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。

下面小编整理了常用的几个翻译技巧供大家学习、参考1.省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。

增译法的例句反之即可。

又如:(1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。

(省译物主代词)(2) I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。

(省译物主代词)(3)中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)2. 增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。

英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。

英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。

英语翻译中需要掌握的五个重点句型

英语翻译中需要掌握的五个重点句型

1.nothing else than 完全是,实在是 例1: What the man said was nothing else than nonsense. 译⽂:那⼈讲的话完全是⼀派胡⾔。

例2: Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence. 译⽂:你的成功完全是由于你⾃⼰的勤奋。

2.It is not that……but that…… 这不是说……,⽽是说…… 例1: It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 译⽂:这并不是说在⼀种情况下所使⽤的磅秤和另⼀种情况下所⽤的天平在构造原理上或⼯作⽅式上存在差别,⽽是说与前者相⽐,后者是⼀种更精密得多的装置,因⽽在计量上必然更加准确。

3.can not……too…… 再……也不过分 例1: We cannot be too careful of health. 我们⽆论如何注意健康也不为过。

例2: You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 你开车时再⼩⼼也不过分。

例3: We can not be too faithful to our duties. 我们必须尽⼒忠于职守。

4.other……than…… 或other than…… 不同于,⾮;除了 例l: Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined. 译⽂:提炼矿⽯的⼚房通常不是设在采矿⽯的国家⽽设在其它国家。

英语句子翻译技巧

英语句子翻译技巧

4.3译成无主句
在商务英语中,有些被动句用来描述事物的 存在、发生、消失,有时也用来表示人们的 看法、态度、告诫、要求、号召等,这是可 将它们译成无主句。
1) This is particularly important when spare parts have to be supplied promptly to customers, as in the case of consumer goods such as refrigerators. 如果销售电冰箱这类消费品,一定要能迅速 向客户提供零件,这一点特别重要。 2)We are sorry to inform you that an accident happened last night, but no great harm was done to your goods. 我们很抱歉地告知,昨晚发生了一场事故, 但没有给你放所定货物造成多大损失。
3)This TV set is made in Germany. 这台电视机是德国制造的。 4)Our products are manufactured from completely natural ingredients and we do not utilize any artificial additives at all. 我们的产品全部是用天然材料制成,没有使 用任何人工添加剂。 5)Our products have been endorsed by the National Quality Inspection Association. 我们的产品是全国质量检验协会的推荐产品。
4.被动语态的译法
4.1译成被动句 当英语句子的被动语态强调的是被动动作,应将句 子译成汉语的被动句。 1)For years, personal experience and expert advice have been widely used in managing risk and have proved to be very useful and practicable. 多年来在风险管理中,个人的经验和专家的建议已 经得到广泛应用并证明是十分有效可行的。

汉译英翻译技巧分析解析

汉译英翻译技巧分析解析

汉译英翻译技巧一、分清主从(Subordination)汉语句中各分句关系比较松散,所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。

句中重点往往在后。

英译时,要突出重点或主句,其他部分可分别用介词短语,非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。

1、没有农业,人们就不能生存,社会生产就不能继续下去。

Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social productionproceed.2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。

The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.3、有人以为社会主义就了不起,一点缺点也没有,哪有这个事?Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How canthat be true?4、但是,象我们常说的那样,道路总是曲折的,前途总是光明的。

But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、选词用字(Diction)在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。

1、每个民族都有它的长处,不然它为什么能存在?为什么能发展?Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?2、树雄心,立壮志,向科学技术现代化进军。

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otherwise句型通常用来表述以下几种意思:1、除……外;2、其他……主要有三种搭配:1. 跟unless引导的句子(让步状语从句)连用,表示“除外”含义。

2. 置放在连词or之后使用,表示“及其他”的意思。

3. 与than一起,通常用来否定句子的主语。

意思是“除……外”,这里需要指出的是,“otherwise than”通常指“除以……方式之外”,这是该句型区别于“unless……otherwise”的特点。

第一、与unless搭配,表示“除外”含义。

∙In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, “state”means a territory or group of territories having its own law ofnationality. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap.30, Wills Ordinance, Art. 2)在本条例中﹐除文意另有所指外, “国家”指拥有本身国籍法的领域或一组领域。

∙ A notice under subjection (1) shall, unless it otherwise provides, apply to the income from any property specified therein as itapplies to the property itself.根据第(1)款发出的通知书﹐除其中另有订定外﹐亦适用于通知书内指明的财产的收入﹐一如适用于该项财产本身。

∙In this contract, unless the context otherwise requires, “goods”means……在本协议所称“货物”,除条款另有规定外,是指……∙Unless in any enactment it is otherwise provided……除成文法另有规定外……由此可见,在otherwise和unless搭配使用时,unless放在从句句首,而otherwise放在主语和谓语之间,即:unless+主语+otherwise+谓语如果使用被动语态,则otherwise放在主语和be动词后面,谓语的过去分词前面,即:unless+主语+be动词+otherwise+谓语的过去分词第二、置放在连词or之后使用,表示“及其他”的意思。

∙Any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offence.任何人籍恐吓﹑怂恿或以其它手段诱使证人或一方当事人不在仲裁处聆讯中作证﹐即属犯罪。

∙If 2 or more persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or otherwise, a process may be served on any of them and an award may be obtained and execution issued against any person so servednotwithstanding that any other persons jointly liable may not have been served or been a party or may not be within the jurisdiction of the Board.如有2名或以上的人以合伙人或其它身分而属同一宗申索的被告人﹐法律程序文件可送达予其中任何一人﹐而判定该收件人败诉的裁定可由申索人获得﹐执行程序亦可向该受件人进行﹐即使任何其它共同有责的人可能未获得送达法律程序文件﹐或不属当事人﹐或不在仲裁处的司法管辖权范围内﹐均无例外。

∙Article 19 Irrevocable Offer An offer may not be revoked:(i) if it expressly indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable;(ii) if the offeree has reason to regard the offer as irrevocable, and has undertaken preparation for performance.第十九条有下列情形之一的,要约不得撤销:(一)要约人确定了承诺期限或者以其他形式明示要约不可撤销;(二)受要约人有理由认为要约是不可撤销的,并已经为履行合同作了准备工作。

or otherwise在上面的例句中翻译成“及其他……”,其他后面接的名词应当是or前面名词的上位概念。

举个简单的例子,比如:red, blue, black or otherwise……在这句中or前面的名词是颜色,所以or otherwise应当翻译成“及其他颜色”。

需要注意的是,or otherwise中的otherwise不作定语,因此后面不能加名词。

or otherwise后面如果是动词(包括动词分词),则or otherwise一般做状语,可以理解或翻译成“以其他方(形)式”。

比如:“juridical person “means any legal entity duly constituted or otherwise organized under applicable law, whether for profit or …第三、与than一起,通常用来否定句子的主语。

意思是“除……外”,这里需要指出的是,“otherwise than”通常指“除以……方式之外”,这是该句型区别于“unless……otherwise”的特点。

No will or any part thereof shall be revoked otherwise than –(a) by marriage as provided by section 13; or(b) by another will executed in accordance with section 5; or(c) by a written revocation executed in the manner in which the will was executed; or(d) by the burning, tearing or otherwise destroying of it by the testator, or by some person in his presence and by his direction, with the intention of revoking it除籍以下方式外﹐任何遗嘱的全部或任何部分﹐均不得撤销–(a) 根据第13条的规定籍缔结婚姻而撤销﹔或(b) 籍按照第5条签立的另一份遗嘱而撤销﹔或(c) 籍依照签立遗嘱方式签立的遗嘱撤销书而撤销﹔或(d) 由立遗嘱人﹑或由其它人在立遗嘱人面前并依其指示﹐将遗嘱烧毁﹑撕毁或以其它方法毁灭﹐而其意愿是撤销该遗嘱。

从上面的例句可以看出,otherwise than总是作副词,用来修饰前面的动词,后面主要是接一种方式,所以,该句型通常都是:动词+otherwise than+by。

除了otherwise than以外,还有other than的句型。

other than和otherwise than的意思一样,但语法不同。

other than修饰动词时,语法结构与otherwise than相同,但是other than除了可以修饰动词,还可以修饰名词。

例如:Any person guilty of an offence under this Part, other than an offence under section 3, shall be liable……在上面这句中,other than后面直接接的就是名词。

但是,otherwise than后面绝对不能加名词。

Subject一词在普通英语中作名词解作“主题”和“臣民”,作动词解作“使服从”和“使蒙受”。

subject to …是形容词,它在法律翻译英译汉中,至少有五六种不同的译法。

虽然各种译法都不尽相同,但核心意思大同小异。

不管译成“以…为条件”、“根据…规定”,还是译成“在符合…情况下”等,但中心意思是“受制于”有关条款或须“依照”有关条款办事。

因此,“根据…规定”是最直截了当的翻译。

例如:Subject to this section, the payment shall be ……根据本条约定,款项的支付应当……Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by rules made under subsection (5).在符合本条的规定下,上诉须按根据(5)款订立的规则内订明的方式提出,并须受该规则所订明的条件规限。

subject to该短语在法律英语中一般都跟agreement, section, contract等法律文件名或文件中特定条款名配合使用。

另外,在法律法规的翻译实践中,我们也经常可以看到subject to用来表达“经…(审查批准),如:The establishment of a joint venture within Chinese territory must be subject to the examination and approval by MOFTEC.在中国境内设立合营企业,必须经对外贸易合作部审查批准。

without prejudice to这个短语的功能相当于without affecting., 通常在后面跟一个直待某项法律条款的名词.但是对有关事物或者条款的规限程度,与“subject to…”的句法结构相同,跟在“without prejudice to”这个短语之后的通常是一个指代某项法律条款的名词。

但对有关事物或条款的规限程度,没有前者那么强硬。

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