语言学选择题练习

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语言学考试题库及答案

语言学考试题库及答案

语言学考试题库及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言的最小意义单位是:A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 短语答案:C2. 语言学中,研究语言的结构和规律的学科是:A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 应用语言学D. 结构语言学答案:D3. 语言的语音系统包括:A. 音位和音节B. 音素和音节C. 音素和音位D. 音节和音位答案:C4. 下列哪个选项不是语言的交际功能?A. 表达情感B. 传递信息C. 娱乐消遣D. 记录历史答案:D5. 语言的词汇系统包括:A. 基本词汇和一般词汇B. 基本词汇和古语词汇C. 一般词汇和古语词汇D. 基本词汇和新词新义答案:D6. 语言的语法系统主要研究:A. 词的构成B. 句子的构成C. 词和句子的构成D. 词、短语和句子的构成答案:D7. 语言的语用功能主要研究:A. 语言的形式B. 语言的意义C. 语言的使用D. 语言的演变答案:C8. 语言的修辞功能主要涉及:A. 语言的准确性B. 语言的清晰性C. 语言的生动性D. 语言的逻辑性答案:C9. 语言的演变主要受到哪些因素的影响?A. 社会变迁B. 技术进步C. 人口迁移D. 所有以上因素答案:D10. 语言的标准化通常包括:A. 语音标准化B. 词汇标准化C. 语法标准化D. 所有以上因素答案:D二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言是一种__________的社会现象。

答案:符号系统2. 语言的语音单位包括音素、音节和__________。

答案:音位3. 语言的词汇系统由__________词汇和一般词汇构成。

答案:基本4. 语言的语法单位包括词、短语和__________。

答案:句子5. 语言的交际功能包括表达思想、传递信息、__________和娱乐消遣。

答案:表达情感6. 语言的语用功能主要研究语言的__________和语境的关系。

答案:使用7. 语言的修辞功能主要涉及语言的__________和表达效果。

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言的最小意义单位是:A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案:C2. 以下哪个选项属于语言的词汇变化?A. 词义的扩展B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案:D3. 语言学中,研究语言的生理基础的分支学科是:A. 语音学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 心理语言学答案:C4. 语言的语法结构中,句子的基本单位是:A. 词B. 短语C. 从句D. 句子答案:A5. 以下哪个选项不属于语言的交际功能?A. 表达情感B. 传递信息C. 娱乐消遣D. 记录历史答案:D6. 语言学中,研究语言在社会中如何使用和变化的分支学科是:A. 社会语言学B. 历史语言学C. 心理语言学D. 神经语言学答案:A7. 语言的语用学研究的是:A. 语言的物理属性B. 语言的社会属性C. 语言的意义和使用D. 语言的历史发展答案:C8. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音变化?A. 音位的变化B. 音节的变化C. 音素的变化D. 以上都是答案:D9. 语言学中,研究语言与思维关系的分支学科是:A. 心理语言学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 认知语言学答案:D10. 以下哪个选项是语言的词汇创新?A. 新词的产生B. 旧词的消失C. 词义的演变D. 以上都是答案:D二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言的音位变化通常包括音位的______、______和______。

答案:增加、减少、替换2. 语言的词汇变化可以通过______、______和______等方式实现。

答案:创造新词、借用外来词、词义演变3. 语言的语法结构中,______是构成句子的基本单位。

答案:词4. 语言的交际功能包括______、______和______等。

答案:表达思想、传递信息、表达情感5. 语言学中,______是研究语言的物理属性的分支学科。

答案:语音学6. 语言的语用学关注的是语言的______和______。

语言学考试题及答案英语

语言学考试题及答案英语

语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学是研究语言的科学,其主要研究对象是:A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案:B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支,它主要研究:A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案:B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴?A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案:B4. 语言的语法规则包括:A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案:B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与:A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案:B6. 心理语言学研究的是:A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案:B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关?A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案:D8. 语言的方言是指:A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案:A9. 语言的标准化是指:A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案:C10. 语言的借词是指:A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案:A二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。

答案:社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。

答案:语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。

答案:语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。

答案:派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。

答案:句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。

答案:使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。

语言学纲要试题库及答案

语言学纲要试题库及答案

语言学纲要试题库及答案一、选择题1. 语言学是研究语言的科学,它主要研究语言的哪些方面?A. 语音B. 语法C. 语义D. 所有选项答案:D2. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支学科?A. 语音学B. 社会语言学C. 心理学D. 语用学答案:C3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么?A. 音节B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案:C二、填空题4. 语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基认为,人类语言能力的基础是____。

答案:普遍语法5. 语言的三种基本功能包括表达功能、指称功能和____。

答案:交际功能6. 语言的两种主要类型是______和______。

答案:口语、书面语三、简答题7. 简述语言和言语的区别。

答案:语言是指一个社会群体共同使用的语言系统,它包括语音、语法、词汇等规则;言语则是个人使用语言进行交流的行为,它具有创造性和多样性。

8. 描述语言的任意性特征。

答案:语言的任意性指的是语言符号的音义关系是任意的,即符号的音形和它所代表的意义之间没有必然的联系,这种关系是由社会约定俗成的。

四、论述题9. 论述语言的演变过程。

答案:语言的演变是一个复杂的过程,它受到多种因素的影响,如社会变迁、文化交流、技术进步等。

语言演变可以分为语音演变、词汇演变、语法演变等方面。

随着时间的推移,语言会不断吸收新词汇,淘汰旧词汇,语音和语法结构也会发生变化,以适应社会和文化的需要。

五、翻译题10. 将以下句子从英语翻译成中文。

"Language is a tool for communication, but it is also a mirror of culture."答案:语言是一种交流工具,但它也是文化的镜子。

六、案例分析题11. 分析以下句子的语用含义。

“你今天真漂亮。

”答案:这句话可能在多种情境下使用,其语用含义可能包括赞美、恭维、讽刺等。

具体含义取决于说话人的语气、表情、语境以及与听话者的关系。

七、综合应用题12. 根据所学语言学知识,设计一个简单的语言学习计划。

语言学选择题

语言学选择题

Exercises for the test of linguisticsThere are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that best complete the statement.Chapter 1 Introduction1.The study of language as a whole is often called ________ linguistics.A.particularB.generalC.ordinaryD.generative2.Traditional grammar regards the ________ form of language as primary, not thespoken form.A. oralB. writtenC. writingD. vocal3. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. synchronic 限于一时的B. diachronic 历时的C. historicalD. comparative4.According to F. de Saussure, ________ refers to the abstract linguistic systemshared by all the members of a speech community.A.paroleB.performancengue 语言nguage5. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and________.A. wordsB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas6. Which of the following isn‟t the design features of human language?A. arbitrarinessB. performanceC. dualityD. displacement7. The core of linguistics excludes ________.A. semantics n.语义学B. morphology 形态学C. phonetics 语音(学)D. psycholinguistics 语言心理学Chapter 2 Phonology语音体系1.________ is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world‟s languages.A.PhonologyB.PhoneticsC.MorphologyD.Phonemics2.Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the ________ properties of the stream ofsounds which a speaker issues.A.oralB.mentalC.physicalD.recorded3.The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ________ sounds.A.V oicelessB.voiced ,浊音的C.vowelD.consonantal 辅音的,4.[p] is a voiceless bilabial双唇音的________.A.affricateB.fricativeC.stopD.liquid5.________ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns andhow these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.A.LinguisticsB.PhoneticsC.Phonology音位学D.Articulatory phonetics6. A ________ is not a sound; it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A.phonemeB.phoneC.soundD.speech7.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phoneticenvironments are called the ________ of that phoneme.A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones8.________ is a typical tone language.A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.American EnglishChapter 3 Morphology形态学1.Morphology refers to the ________ of words.A.scienceB.formC.historyD.system2.The smallest meaningful unit of language is ________.A.morpheme词素B.phoneC.phonemeD.allomorpheme3.The word “boyish” contains two ________.A.phonemesB.morphsC.morphemesD.allomorphs4.________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to becombined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A.FreeB.BoundC.RootD.Affix5.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case”and so forth arecalled ________ morphemes.A.inflectionalB.independentC.freeD.derivational6.________ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part ofspeech of the original word.A.Prefixes前缀B.Suffixes后缀C.RootsD.Affixes 词缀7.In English “-ise” and “-tion” are called ________.A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixes中缀D.free morphemes8.There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of ________ toform a new word.A.rootB.affixC.stemD.word9.The words such as “lab” and “doc” are ________.A.formed by blendingB.acronyms首字母缩略词C.coined by back-formation .逆构词逆构法D.clipped words省略词,截短词(省略开首或末尾部分,如flu代表influenza)10.The compound word “running dog” should be pronounced ________, when itmeans “a person who follows others blindly”.A.running …dogB.…running ,dog重音在running上,次重音在dog上C.…running …dogD.,running …dogChapter 4 Syntax句法1.Syntax is the study of the interrelationships between elements of sentencestructure and of the rules governing the way words are ________ to form sentences in a language.A.analyzedB.examinedC.linkedD.arranged2.________ lexical categories are open categories in the sense that new words areconstantly added.A.Minor Minor lexical categories are closed categoriesB.MajorC.AllD.None of the above3.NP and ________ are essential components of a sentence.A.VPB.PPC.APD.CP4.The two clauses in a ________ sentence are structurally equal parts of thesentence.A.simplepleteplexD.coordinate 并列句5.The embedded clause内嵌句in a complex sentence is normally called ________clause.A.a subordinate从句B. a mainC. a matrixD.a major6.Transformational grammar is a type of grammar first proposed by ________ inthe mid-1950s.A.SaussureB.BloomfieldC.ChomskyD.Halliday7.The rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences are called________ rules.A.lexicalB.structuralC.coordinatebinational8.________ can generate an infinite number of sentences.A.Phrase structure rules 短语结构规则B.Movement rulesC.Syntactic rulesD.None of the aboveChapter 5 Semantics语义学1.Semantics can be defined as the study of ________.A.wordsB.meaningmunicationD.context2.Sense relates to the complex system of relationships that hold between thelinguistic elements themselves (mostly words); it is concerned with _________ relations.A.extra-linguisticB.intra-linguisticC.non-linguisticD.multi-linguistic3.Reference deals with the relationship between the linguistic elements (words,sentences, etc) and the ________ of experience.A.extra-linguisticB.intra-linguisticC.non-linguisticD.multi-linguistic4.Two words that are opposite in meaning are called ________.A.Synonyms 同义词B.Homonyms n.同形同音异义词C.Antonyms 反义词D.homophones同音异义词5.The pair of words “wide / narrow” are called ________.A.gradable oppositesplementary antonymsC.co-hyponymsD.relational opposites6.What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/ rose”?A.Polysemy 多义关系B.Synonymy 同义关系C.Hyponymy 上下义关系D.Antonymy 反义关系7.The words “railway” and “railroad” are ________.A.emotive synonymsB.dialectal synonymsC.stylistic synonymsD.collocational synonyms8.The same word may have more than one meaning, which is called ________.A.synonymyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.polysemy9.The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are ________.A.gradable antonymsB.relational oppositesplementary antonymsD.none of the above10.The way to analyze sentence meaning is called ________ analysis.ponentialB.predicationC.syntacticD.logicalChapter 6 Pragmatics 语用学1.Linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description ofmeaning if ________ of language use was left unconsidered.A.brevity简洁B.context语境C.accuracy 准确(性)D.none of the above2.If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course ofcommunication, it becomes ________.A.a sentenceB.an actC. a unitD.an utterance 话语3.________ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.A.SpeakingB.SpeechC.SoundD.Spoken4.One of the contributions Searle has made is his classification of ________ acts.A.locutionaryB.illocutionaryC.perlocutionaryD.speech5.Of the three speech act, linguistics are most interested in the ________.A.locutionary actB.perlocutionary actC.illocutionary act 语言外表现行为D.none of the above6.Most of the violation of the maxims of the CP give rise to ________.A.utterance meaningB.speech act theoryC.conversational implicaturesD.all of the above7.The significance of Grice‟s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for thespeaker to convey ________ is literally said.A.more thanB.less thanC.the same asD.none of the aboveChapter 7 Language Change1.We may use the term ________ instead of historical linguistics as a way ofreferring to the approach which studies language change over various period of time and at various historical stages.A.diachronic linguisticsB.synchronic linguisticsC.sociolinguisticsD.psycholinguistics2.An important set of extensive sound changes affecting vowels, known as the GreatV owel Shift, occurred at the end of the ________.A.Old English periodB.Middle English periodC.Modern English periodD.Middle ages3.The most widely-spread morphological changes in the historical development ofEnglish are the loss and addition of ________.A.prefixesB.suffixesC.affixesD.case markings4.The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of ________.A.gender markingsB.case markingsC.tense markingsD.both A and B5.The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of alanguage is the change in its ________.A.soundB.vocabularyC.morphological systemD.syntax6.The most obvious way in which Modern English differs lexically from OldEnglish is in the number of borrowed words from other languages, particular from ________.tinB.FrenchC.GreekD.German7.Chinese, the most popular language of the world, belongs to the ________ family.A.Indo-EuropeanB.Sino-TibetanC.AustronesianD.AfroasiaticChapter 8 Language and Society1.The goal of ________ is to explore the nature of language variation and languageuse among a variety of speech communities and different social situations.A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historical linguisticsD.general linguistics2.The situation in which two or more languages are used side by side is referred toas ________.A.diglossia 双语双语制B.bilingualism 双语现象C.pidginizationD.blending3. A linguistic ________ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the“polite” society from general use.A.slangB.euphemism 委婉语C.jargon 行话; 黑话; 隐语,行业术语D.taboo禁忌4. A ________ is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression substitutedwhen a speaker or writer fears more direct wording might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive.A.linguistic tabooB.euphemismC.address termD.pidgin5.In normal situations, ________ speakers tend to use more prestigious forms thantheir ________ counterparts with the same social background.A.female; maleB.male; femaleC.old; youngD.young; old6.In general, language characteristic of ________ register is more often used in thewritten form than in the spoken form.rmalB.formalC.neutralD.none of the above7.It is ________ for individuals to be a perfect user of two languages in a full rangeof situations.monB.rareC.impossibleD.none of the aboveChapter 9 Language and Brain1.________ deals with how language is acquired, understood, and produced.A.Sociolinguistics社会语言学B.Psycholinguistics语言心理学C.Neurolinguistics神经语言学D.Anthropological linguistics 人类语言学2.The left hemisphere of human brain is responsible for the functions of ________.nguage and speechB.calculationC.analytic reasoning and associative thoughtD.all of the above3.________ refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in aparticular hemisphere of the brain.nguage lateralizationB.Brain lateralization大脑的侧化C.Right ear advantageD.None of the above4.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about ________.nguage and thoughtnguage and translationC.grammatical structureD.second language acquisition5.Linguistic ________ is the brain‟s neurological specialization for language.A.determinism决定论B.relativism相对论petenceteralization(尤指脑部的)偏侧性,偏侧优势,偏利6.The ________ age for the acquisition of the first language coincides with theperiod of brain lateralization.A.youngB.oldC.criticalD.flexibleChapter 10 Language Acquisition1.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as________.A.appliedB.diachronicparativeD.synchronic2.In general, language acquisition refers to children‟s development of their________ language of the community in which a child has been brought up.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.foreign3.________ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of asecond language usually obtained in school setting.A.AcquisitionB.LearningC.StudyingD.Acquirement4.________ transfer is a process that is more commonly known as interference.A.IntentionalB.PositiveC.NegativeD.Interrogative5.________ was believed to be the major source of difficulties experienced anderrors made by L2 learners.A.TransferB.Positive transferC.Negative transferD.Overgeneralization6.________ approach shows that there are striking similarities in the ways in whichdifferent L2 learners acquire a new language.A.TransferB.InterferenceC.Contrastive AnalysisD.Error Analysis7.During the process of SLA, a learner constructs a series of internal representationsthat comprises the learner‟s interim knowledge of the target language, this is ________.A.interlanguageB.first languageC.second languageD.foreign language8.The optimum age for SLA is ________.A.childhoodB.early teensC.teensD.adulthood9.Which of the following isn‟t a factor that may influence SLA?A.ageB.motivationC.personalityD.sex10.Which stages does the child belong to according to the development of thegrammatical system when we heard his saying like “No heavy,”“No eat,”“He no bite you,” etc.?A.the development of phonologyB.the development of syntax n. 1.句法;句法规则〔分析〕C.the development of morphology n.形态学(尤指动植物形态学或词语形态学),形态论the development of vocabulary and semantics语义学11。

语言学考试题库及答案

语言学考试题库及答案

语言学考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 语言学研究的核心对象是什么?A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的使用答案:B2. 下列哪一项不是语言的组成部分?A. 语音B. 语法C. 语义D. 逻辑答案:D3. 索绪尔将语言符号分为哪两个部分?A. 符号和意义B. 能指和所指C. 语音和语义D. 形式和内容答案:B二、填空题1. 语言是______的,它由______和______构成。

答案:符号系统;形式;内容2. 语言的______功能是指人们通过语言进行交流的能力。

答案:交流3. 语言的______功能是指语言能够表达思想和情感的能力。

答案:表达三、简答题1. 简述语言和言语的区别。

答案:语言是指一种抽象的符号系统,它包括语音、语法、语义等规则和结构;言语则是指个人使用语言进行交流的具体行为。

2. 描述索绪尔的“能指”和“所指”概念。

答案:索绪尔认为语言符号由“能指”和“所指”两部分组成。

“能指”指的是语言符号的声音形式,而“所指”指的是符号所代表的概念或意义。

四、论述题1. 论述语言的任意性原则及其对语言学习和教学的影响。

答案:语言的任意性原则指的是语言符号的声音形式和它所代表的概念之间没有必然的联系。

这一原则对语言学习和教学有着深远的影响,因为它意味着学习者需要记忆每个符号的声音和意义之间的联系,而不能依赖于逻辑或直观的关联。

这对语言教学提出了挑战,要求教师设计有效的教学方法来帮助学生记忆和理解这些任意的联系。

2. 分析语言的交际功能及其在现代社会中的重要性。

答案:语言的交际功能是指语言作为交流工具,使人们能够传递信息、表达情感和进行社会互动。

在现代社会,随着全球化和信息技术的发展,语言的交际功能变得尤为重要。

有效的沟通能够促进国际合作、文化交流和商业交易,同时也有助于解决社会冲突和增进理解。

因此,掌握一门或多门语言对于个人和社会的发展至关重要。

《语言学概论》课后练习题(附答案)

《语言学概论》课后练习题(附答案)

《语言学概论》课后练习题(附答案)语言学概论一、单项选择题1. 由单纯字符组合而成的字符,被叫做()。

A. 声符B. 单纯字符C. 复合字符D. 意符【正确答案】 C2. 语言是个层级体系,底层是语音单位层,凡是跟底层语言单位联系的文字就叫()。

A. 楔形文字B. 象形文字C. 表意文字D. 表音文字【正确答案】 D3. 语言是个层级体系,上层是音义结合的符号层,凡是跟上层语言单位联系的文字就叫()。

A. 楔形文字B. 象形文字C. 表意文字D. 表音文字【正确答案】 C4. “楔形文字” 也叫()。

A. 丁头字B. 大头字C. 丁形字D. 图文字【正确答案】 A5. 刻在雕像座、庙宇和金字塔墓室石头和祭器上的(),是一种象形程度很高的符号。

A. 碑铭体B. 僧侣体C. 平民体D. 模形体【正确答案】 A6. 跟碑铭体并行的有一种僧侶阶层平时使用的已经线条化的近乎草书的字体,称为()。

A. 碑铭体B. 僧侣体C. 平民体D. 圣书字【正确答案】 B7. 公元前7世纪还出现了一种在僧侣体基础上加以简化供老百姓使用的字体,称为()。

A. 碑铭体B. 僧侣体C. 平民体D. 圣书字【正确答案】 C8. 腓尼基文字被称做()。

A. 元音音素文字B. 表意文字C. 辅音音素文字D. 意音文字【正确答案】 C9.希腊人在借用腓尼基文字来书写希腊语时增添了()。

A. 元音字母B. 辅音字母C. 多音节语素D. 单音节语素【正确答案】 A10. 把两个或两个以上象形字或指事字拼合在一起且把它们的意义结合成一个新的意义的造字方法叫做()。

A. 象形B. 形声C. 会意D. 指事【正确答案】 C11. 炼字的基本功是()。

A. 精心挑选关键词语B. 恰当使用修饰词语C. 合理使用修辞手法D. 注意词语的巧妙配合【正确答案】 A12. 一般来说,()的特点是信息量大、逻辑严谨、细致准确。

A. 长句B. 短句C. 陈述句D. 反问句【正确答案】 A13. 我国古典诗文中常用的修辞方式是()。

语言学教程 选择题

语言学教程 选择题

选择题Chapter11.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Language is a means of vocal communication.B. Language is not instrumental.C. Language is social and conventional.【答案】B1. When language is used to get information from others, it serves an function.A. informativeB. directiveC. interrogative【答案】C2. The most important sociological use of language is the function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society.a. performativeb. interpersonalc. phaticd. metalingual【答案】b1. deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced.a. Acoustic phoneticsb. Articulatory phoneticsc. Segmental phonologyd. Suprasegmental phonology【答案】b2. Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics?A. Macrolinguistics.B. Psycholinguistics.C. Sociolinguistics【答案】A3. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with .A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics【答案】B1. Which of the following does not belong to the computational linguistics?a) machine translationb) corpus linguisticsc) speech recognitiond) empirical study【答案】d1. Saussure took a(n) view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a point of view.A. sociological...psychologicalB. psychological...sociologicalC. applied...pragmaticD. semantic...linguistic【答案】A2. According to F. de Saussure, refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language【答案】CChapter21. Of the consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /m/, /z/ and /g/, which has the features of voiceless and velar?A. /k/B. /p/C. /g/D. /t/【答案】A2. The vowel is a low back vowel.a. /i:/b. /u/c. /æ/d. /a:/【答案】d3. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.A. /f/B. /z/C. /v/D. /k/ [Focus on manner of articulation]【答案】D (Reason: A, B and C are fricatives, but D is a plosive.)Chapter31. Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break—daybreak.A. inflection and compoundB. compound and derivationC. inflection and derivation【答案】A2. Compound words consist of morphemes.A. boundB. freeC. both bound and free【答案】B1. V ocabulary change in language can include all except .a) addition of new wordsb) simplification of word formsc) loss of wordsd) changes of word meaning【答案】d2. Words like brunch, guesstimate are examples of .a. acronymsb. contractionsc. blendsd. cohyponyms【答案】c3. The word UN is formed in the way of .A. acronymyB. clippingC. initialismD. blending【答案】C4. Language has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of .a. phonologyb. lexiconc. syntaxd. semantics【答案】b5. “Wife”, which used to refer to any woman, stands for “a married woman”in modern English. This phenomenon is known as .A. semantic shiftB. semantic broadeningC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing【答案】DChapter41. ________ refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units because they may occur together in a sentence.a. Syntagmatic relationsb. Hypotactic relationsc. Paradigmatic relationsd. Paratactic relations【答案】a2. _____________ refers to the relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at particular place in structure, or between one element present and the others absent.a. Syntagmatic relationb. Paradigmatic relationc. Co-occurrence relation【答案】B1. For structuralists, ________is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents.a. coordinate constructionb. subordinate constructionc. endocentric constructiond. exocentric construction【答案】c2. IC is the short form of immediate ___________ used in the study of syntax.【答案】constituent3. Endocentric constructions may be divided into two subtypes—s______ and coordinate constructions.【答案】subordinateChapter51. deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense【答案】A2. Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech’s seven types of meaning?A. Connotative meaning.B. Denotative meaning.C. Conceptual meaning.【答案】B1. point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.A. school/collegeB. move/runC. furniture/tableD. mature/ripe 【答案】C (Reason: the two words in C have a semantic relationship of Hyponymy, while the others Synonymy.)2. Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation?A. V owel and consonantB. Mouth and tongueC. Lexicon and wordD. Number and gender【答案】B1. The sense relationship between “John plays the piano”and “John plays a musical instrument”is .A. synonymyB. antonymyC. entailment【答案】CChapter91. “formal” and “informal” are features of.A. slangB. lingua francaC. styleD. jargon【答案】C2.The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called . It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.【答案】stylistics1. is a figurative use of language which implies a comparison between two unlike elements.a. Simileb. Metaphorc. Metonymyd. Synecdoche【答案】b。

语言学纲要试题及答案

语言学纲要试题及答案

语言学纲要试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学是研究什么的学科?A. 语言的发音B. 语言的语法结构C. 语言的运用D. 语言的发音、语法结构和运用2. 下列哪个选项不属于语言学的分支?A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语义学3. 语言学中,研究语言的发音规律的学科被称为什么?A. 语音学B. 音韵学C. 语用学D. 语义学4. 语言学中,研究语言意义的学科是?A. 语用学B. 语义学C. 语法学D. 词汇学5. 什么是语言的方言?A. 一种语言的变体B. 一种完全不同的语言C. 一种语言的书面形式D. 一种语言的口头形式6. 语言学中,研究语言随时间变化的学科被称为什么?A. 历史语言学B. 社会语言学C. 比较语言学D. 结构语言学7. 下列哪个选项是研究语言与社会之间的关系的学科?A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 计算语言学D. 应用语言学8. 语言学中,研究语言如何被用来达到交际目的的学科是?A. 语用学B. 语义学C. 语法学D. 语音学9. 什么是语言的同源词?A. 来自不同语言的词B. 来自同一语言的词C. 来自同一词根的词D. 来自同一语言家族的词10. 语言学中,研究语言结构的学科被称为什么?A. 结构语言学B. 语音学C. 语义学D. 语用学答案:1-5 D C A A A 6-10 A A A C A二、填空题(每题2分,共10分)1. 语言学的四大分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学和______。

答案:语用学2. 语言学研究的两个主要领域是______和______。

答案:理论语言学;应用语言学3. 语言的方言是指在某一特定地区或社会群体中使用的______。

答案:语言变体4. 语言学中,研究语言随时间变化的学科是______。

答案:历史语言学5. 语言学中,研究语言与社会之间的关系的学科是______。

答案:社会语言学三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)1. 请简述语言学的主要研究内容。

语言学考试题

语言学考试题

语言学考试题一、选择题1. 下列哪个是语言学的基本研究对象?A. 数字B. 文字C. 语言D. 音乐2. 哪位学者提出了语言功能理论?A. #德维特B. 萨普尔斯C. 赫尔德D. #哈尔德格尔3. 语言学的分类方法通常可以分为几大类?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 24. “语言符号”中包括哪些要素?A. 声音B. 符号C. 拼写D. A、B5. 在语法范畴中,“动宾关系”是指什么?A. 主语和谓语之间的语法关系B. 主语和宾语之间的语法关系C. 宾语和谓语之间的语法关系D. 主语和动词之间的语法关系二、填空题6. 语言学中研究音素的学科是---。

7. 没有逻辑意义的音节称为---。

8. 语音学的基本单位是---。

9. 下列哪个不是语言学的分支学科?10. 一种语言中声母、韵母和声调三者综合的组合称为---。

三、简答题11. 请简要说明音韵学和语音学的区别。

12. 什么是“方言”,方言和语言的关系是什么?13. 什么是语法,语法的作用是什么?14. “文字和语言的关系”是语言学中一个重要问题,请简述你对这个问题的理解。

15. 请简要介绍语言学的研究方法有哪些?四、论述题16. 语言是人类最重要的交流工具之一,请说明语言对个体和社会的重要性。

17. 语言学的发展历程是怎样的?过去、现在和未来的语言学会有怎样的发展趋势?18. 请解释语言与文化之间的关系,并谈谈语言多样性对世界文化的重要影响。

以上便是本次语言学考试题的全部内容,请同学们认真地完成每一道题目,祝大家取得优异的成绩!。

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学是研究什么的学科?A. 语言的历史发展B. 语言的内在结构和功能C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言的学习和教学2. 下列哪个不是语音学的研究对象?A. 音素B. 音节C. 语法D. 音位3. 语义学主要研究的是:A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的语法结构C. 语言的意义D. 语言的书写形式4. 转换生成语法是由哪位语言学家提出的?A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨皮尔5. 下列哪个词属于派生词?A. 快乐B. 快速C. 快乐地D. 快车6. 句法学研究的是:A. 句子的构成B. 词义的组合C. 语言的发音D. 语言的书写7. 社会语言学关注的是:A. 语言的变异与变化B. 语言与社会的关系C. 语言的起源和发展D. 语言的标准化8. 语言的功能主义理论是由下列哪位语言学家提出的?A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 韩礼德D. 布隆菲尔德9. 语言的同源词是指:A. 同一种语言中的不同词B. 不同语言中意义相同的词C. 来自同一词根的词D. 不同语言中发音相同的词10. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容?A. 语境B. 言语行为C. 语言的逻辑结构D. 语言的交际功能答案:1-5 B C C B D 6-10 A C B C C二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. 语言学的四个主要分支是语音学、语法学、语义学和________。

2. 索绪尔是________语言学的创始人。

3. 语言的任意性原则是指语言符号的_______和_______之间没有必然的联系。

4. 词类转换是指通过改变词的形式来改变其_______。

5. 语言的同化现象是指不同语言在交流中逐渐_______的现象。

6. 语言的方言是指同一语言内部由于_______、_______等因素而形成的不同变体。

7. 语言的借词是指一种语言从另一种语言中借用的_______或_______。

语言学考试试题及答案

语言学考试试题及答案

语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列哪项不是语言学的主要分支?A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 数学2. 索绪尔将语言符号分为哪两个部分?A. 语音和语义B. 语形和语义C. 语形和语用D. 能指和所指3. 在语言学中,“深层结构”和“表层结构”是由哪位学者提出的?A. 乔姆斯基B. 索绪尔C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨丕尔4. 下列哪个术语是描述语言随时间变化的现象?A. 语言变异B. 语言演化C. 语言转换D. 语言借用5. 社会语言学研究的是语言与哪种因素之间的关系?A. 社会结构B. 文化传统C. 个人心理D. 经济发展6. 哪种语言现象是指在特定情境下,说话者选择不同语言或语言变体的能力?A. 语码转换B. 语码混用C. 语用学D. 语言礼貌7. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容?A. 言语行为B. 隐喻理解C. 语言礼貌D. 语言的生物学基础8. 什么是“双重否定”?A. 使用两个否定词来表达否定意义B. 使用两个否定词来表达肯定意义C. 使用一个否定词来表达否定意义D. 使用一个否定词来表达肯定意义9. 在语言学中,“同音词”是指什么?A. 意义相同但拼写不同的词B. 拼写相同但意义不同的词C. 发音相同但意义不同的词D. 发音和意义都相同的词10. 下列哪项是“语言接触”的一个例子?A. 语言的地理分布B. 语言的独立发展C. 语言的借用和融合D. 语言的孤立使用二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)11. 语言学中的“_______”是指研究语言的结构特征,不涉及语言的社会功能。

答案:形式语言学12. 转换生成语法是由_______提出的,它强调语言的生成能力。

答案:诺姆·乔姆斯基13. “Hello”一词在不同的语境中可以有不同的功能,这属于_______的研究范畴。

答案:语用学14. 社会语言学中的“_______”是指语言随社会因素(如年龄、性别、社会阶层等)而变化的现象。

语言学选择题(附答案)

语言学选择题(附答案)

语言学A1.__ A__ is the study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.A. PhonologyB. LexicographyC. LexicologyD. MorphologyC2. ___C_ is defined as the scientific study of language, studying language in general.A. PsycholinguisticsB. NeurolinguisticsC. LinguisticsD. PhoneticsB3. Which of the linguistic items listed below is best described as the smallest unit of meaning?A. the wordB. the morphemeC. the phonemeD. the clauseB4. A prefix is an affix which appears ____.A. after the stemB. before the stemC. in the middle of the stemD. below the stemC 5. Which of the following is true?____By any other name would smell as sweetSo Romeo would, were he not Romeo called,”(Romeo and Juliet, Act 2, Scene 2, 43~5)To what characteristic of language dose Shakespeare refer? ___A. CreativityB. ProductivityC. DualityD. ArbitrarinessA7. Language, as a system, consists of two sets of structures or two levels, which is known as ____, one of a design features of human language.A. DualityB. DisplacementC. ProductivityD. ArbitrarinessD8. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are ____.A. phonemesB. phonesC. soundsD. allophonesA. MorphemeB. VocabularyC. RootD. LexiconB1. Cold and hot are called ____ antonyms.A. complementaryB. gradableC. reversalD. converseC2. “I regret that I can ’thelp you.”This is an example of __ _.A. representativesB. directivesC. expressivesD. commissivesD. What is the duality of the language? ____A. Letters and soundsB. Sounds and symbolsC. Symbols and meaningD. sounds and meaningA4. “I bought some roses”___ “I bought some flowers ”.A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous withA. BloomfieldB. SaussureC. JakobsonD. FirthC6. Damage in and around the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe often causes the impairment of reading and writing ability, which is often referred to as acquired ____.A. diglossiaB. aphasiaC. dyslexiaD. dysgraphiaA7. ____ A Dictionary of the English Language established a uniform standard for the spelling and word use.A. Samuel Johnson’sB. Bishop Lowth’sC. Firth’sD. Samuel John’sB8. What is phonology? ____B. The study of the function, behavior and organization of speech sounds as linguistic items.C. The study of the International Phonetic Alphabet.D. The study of all possible speech sounds.D9. The morpheme “cast”in the common word “ telecast is a”(n) ____.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morphemeD10. A phoneme is ____.A. a set of different realization of a phoneB. a set of contrastive allophones in free variationC. a set of phones in complementary distributionD. a set of phonetically similar noncontrastive phonesA1. Firstly, to which of these language groups dose English belong? ____A. GermanicB. SlavonicC. romanceD. BalticA. MorphologyB. SemanticsC. PhonologyD. SyntaxD3. According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisitionC4. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed”in the word “learned”is known as a(n) ____.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD.free formC5. ____ studies the total stock of morphemes of a language, especially those items which have clear semantic references.A. PhonologyB. LexicologyC. MorphologyD. LexicographyA6. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, ____ is a product of L2 training, mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.A. interlanguageB. interferenceC. language transferD. linguistic relativityA7. ____ means the lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds.A. ArbitrarinessB.AbstractnessC. AmbiguityD. FuzzinessB8. The term ___ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeD9. When a speech sound changes and becomes more like another sound that follows or precedes it, it is said to be ____.A. nasalizedB. voicedC. aspiratedD. assimilatedC10. F. de Saussure is a (n) ____ linguist.A. AmericanB. BritishC. SwissD. RussianA1. N. Chomsky is a (n) ____ linguist.A. AmericanB. CanadaC. SwissD. FrenchA3. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and used by people who speak different language for restricted purpose is ____.A. pidiginB. creoleC. dialectD. blendsB4. By ____, we refer to word forms which differ from each other only by one sound, e.g.“pin”and“bin”.A. complementally distributionB. minimal pairC. Adjacency pairD. code—switchingA5. When two sounds never occur in the same environment they said to be in ___.A. complementary distributionB. free variationC. co-occurrenceD. minimal pairD6. ___ century is considered to be the beginning of Modern English.A. 18thB. 17thC. 19thD. 16thB7. Conventionally a __ __ is put in slashes.A. allophoneB. phonemeC. phoneD. morphemeD8. __ __ is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that the only things valid enough to confirm or refute o scientific theory are interpersonally observable phenomena, rather than people ’s introspections or intuitions.A. MentalismB. Functional grammarC. Case grammarD. BehaviorismC9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called __C.A. expressivesB. directivesC. commisivesD. declaratives*C 10. A __ _ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.A. morphemeB. wordC. rootD. phonemeD1. Linguistics is the scientific study of ___.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human language in generalD. the system of a particular languageA2. __ __ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.A. InterlanguageB. IdeologyC. DialectD. InterferenceB3. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called __ _ rule.A. DeletionB. SequentialC. superasegmentalD. AssimilationB 4. “ Thereis no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to”.This is the __ view concerning thestudy of meaning.A. naming theoryB. conceptualistC. contextualistD. behavioristA5. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. , in terms of _.A. manner of articulationB. openness of mouthC. place of articulationD. voicingA6. According to Chomsky, _ __ is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language.A. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langueA7. __ is not a suprasegmental feature.A. AspirationB. IntonationC. StressD. ToneA8 __ is a phenomenon that L2 learners subconsciously use their L1language in their learning process.A. Language transferB. BlendingC. InterferenceD. CooperativeC9. _ are affixes added to an existing form to create a new word, e.g. in-,-er.A. inflectional morphemeB. free morphemeC. derivational morphemeD. rootB10. Writing is the secondary language form based on ___.A. soundB. speechC. gestureD. signC1. ____ covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the study of linguistic communication.A. SemanticsB. SociolinguisticsC. PragmaticsD. LinguisticsA2. Morphemes that represent “tense”,“ number,”“gender ”,“case”and so on are called ____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivationalC3. Which of the following is not a compound word? ___A. clearwayB. rainbowC. scarcityD. withoutA4. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by process of learning, and not genetically is referred to as ____.A. culture transmissionB. performanceC. competenceD. acquisitionC5. ____ is the language of Angles, Saxons and Jutes who invaded Britain after AD 450.A. Old NorseB. CleticC. Old EnglishD. Middle EnglishA. arresting clusterB. releasing clusterC. consonant clusterD. syllableA8. ____ is to refer to an auxiliary language used to enable routine communication to take place between groups of people who speak different native languages.A9. ____ is the study of the relationship between brain and language, including research into how the structure of the brain influences language learning.A. NeurolinguisticsB. PsyhcholingisticsC. Applied LinguisticsD. SociolinguisticsB10. Modern synchronic linguistics traditionally dates from the ____ of Swiss scholar Ferdinand de Saussure.A. Syntactic structureB. Cours de Linguitique GeneralC. De Lingua LatinaD.Language and MindA1. According to the strong version of the ____ hypothesis, language determines speakers ’perceptions and patterns their way of life.A. Sapir WhorfB. inputC. GrimD. InnatenessD2. Which of the following is true? ____A. In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.B. A compound is the combination of only two words.C. The division of English into old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and notarbitrary.D. If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully lateron.A. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.B. Language is human specificC. Language is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraintsD.The first language was invented by Adam, the first man.B 4. A group of people who do in fact have the opportunity to interact with each other and who share not justa single language with its related varieties but also attitudes to- ward linguistic norms are defined as ____.A. speech varietyB. speech communityC. registerD. sociolectC5. “Your money or your life? ”is an example of ___.A. representativeB. expressiveC. directivesmissivesD6. Which of the following distinctive features can be used to separate [p] and [b]? __A. stopB. fricativesC. bilabialD. voicedD7. ____ studies the total stock of morphemes of a language particularly those items which have clear semantic references.A. LexicographyB. PhonologyC. LexicologyD.MorphologyC8. ____ theorized that acquisition of language is an innate process determined by biological factors which limit the important period for acquisition of a language from roughly two years of age to puberty.A. Input hypothesisB. Interaction hypothesisC. Critical period hypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf HypothesisC9. An example of ___ would be the change in meaning undergone by the OE word, docga, modern day dog. In OE docga referred to a particular breed of dog, while in modern usage it refers to the class of dogs as a whole.A. semantic degradationsB. semantic reductionsC. semantic extensionsD. semantic elevationC10. According to Chomsky, the child is born with a built –in set of rules, which have the specific function of enabling her to construct the grammar of her mother tongue. This view is to be seen as ____.A. Input hypothesisB. X-theoryC. Language acquisition deviceD. Universal grammarD1. “Old”and “Young”are a pair of ____ opposites.A. complementaryB. relationalC. converseD. gradableB2. Systemic-Functional Grammar, one of the most influential linguistic theories in the 20th century, is put forward by ____.A. ChomskyB. HallidayC. FirthD. MalinowskiD3. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and back vowel are called ____ vowel.A. backB. frontC. unroundedD.centralD4. From Halliday’s viewpoint, language is a form of realization of ____ rather than a form of realization of______.A. knowing, doingB. thinking, knowingC. doing, thinkingD. doing, knowingC5. ___ believes that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.A. The innatistB. The interactionistC. The behavioristD.The mentalistC6.____studies the physical properties of speech sound, as transmitted between mouth and ear.A. Articulatory phoneticsB. Physiological phoneticsC Acoustic phonetics D. Auditory phoneticsB7. Creativity refers to ____.A. the unconscious knowledge that language users have in their mindsB. the capacity of language users to produce and understand an indefinitely large number of sentencesC. a property claimed to be characteristic of all languagesD. animals’ capacity to learn more than one human languageA8. Fossilization is a process _ _.A. in which incorrect linguistic features became a permanent part of a le arner ’ s competenceB. in which incorrect as well as correct linguistic features beca me a permanent part of a learner’ s competence,but the correct items gradually delete the incorrect itemsC. which can happen as a result of teachers’ disapproval of an incorrect itemD.A and C are correctB9. “Competence”refers to ____.A. knowledge of meaning of words and sentencesB. a speaker’ s unconscious knowledge about his/her languageC. the actual use of a speaker’ s unconscious kn o wledgeuthis/herablanguageD. the laws that pertain to all languages throughout the worldA10. ___ refers to unintentionally deviation from the adult grammar of a native speaker.A. An errorB. A mistakeC. A slip of the tongueD. Fossilizationbe deduced from theC1. ____ is a multiword construction that is a semantic unit whose meaning cannotmeanings of its constituents.A. semantic componentB. collocationC. idiomD. referenceB2. The distinction between langue and parole is similar to that between ____.A. prescriptive and descriptiveB. competence and performanceC. speech and writingD. synchronic and diachronicA3. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives can be classified as ____.A. open class wordsB. grammatical wordsC. closed class wordsD. function wordsB4. What is the meaning relationship between the two words“ furniture/bed”?A. polysemyB. hyponymyC. homonymyD. antonymyB5. Which description of componential analysis for the w ord“ woman” is right?____A. +human,-adult, -maleB. +human,+ adult, -maleC. +human, + adult, +maleD. +human, -adult, +maleB6. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a ____.A. regional dialectB. registerC. fieldD. repertoireD7. In structural grammar, distributional analysis is used to define ____, which are taken as the basic building blocks.A. morphemesB. wordsC. syllableD. phonemesD8. “Speech Act Theory”was proposed by ____ in 1962.A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. Jane AustinD. John AustinD9. The major new development in linguistics in 20th century was ____ grammar.A. speculativeB. traditionalC. structuralD. transformational-generativeA10. ____ refers to the tendency of many learners to stop developing their inter-language grammar in the direction of the target language.A. FossilizationB. Error analysisC. OvergeneralizationD. InterferenceD1. The most recognizable difference between American English and British English are in ____ and vocabulary.A. structureB. grammarC. usageD. pronunciationC2. The study of how we do things with utterance is the study of ____, the nature of which is determined by context.A. contextB. pragmaticsC. speech actD. semanticsA3. A(n) ___ is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unple asantly direct, or offensive, e.g.“ passdie”away.” for“A. euphemismsB. deleteC. coinageD. tabooB4. In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, ____ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different culturesand different languages.A. transferB. bilingualismC. diglossiaD. inter-languageD5. Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in ____.C6.____ is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.A. cultural transmissionB. dualityC. displacementD. productivityB7. Traditional grammarians begin with ____ definition of the sentence and components.A. structuralB. notionalC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveA8. ____ is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system.A. Speech communityB. A raceC. A societyD. A countryA9. ___ invasions established three major groups in England: Saxons, Angles and Jutes.A. GermanicB. NormanC. FrenchD. RomanD10. Japanese is the only major language that uses ___ writing system.A. a word-writingB. a logographicC. an alphabeticD. a syllabicC1. ____ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e. a wordor group of words, which serves as a definable“ center” or“ head”.A. Exocentric constructionB. CoordinationC. Endocentric constructionD. CollocationA2. Of the following linguists, ____ should not be grouped into American school.A. FirthB. SapirC. BloomfieldD. BoasD3. When people learn a foreign language for external goals such as passing exams, financial rewardsor furthering a career, we say they learn a foreign language with a (n) ___.A. intrinsic motivationB. resultative motivationC. integrative motivationD. instrumental motivationB4. What is the sense relation in the sen tence My“ unmarried sister is married to a bachelor. ____”A. PresupposeB. ContradictionC. EntailmentD. InconsistentB5. ---TRUTH.---Do not say what you believe to be false.---Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.Those can be defined as the features of ____ of Gricean maxims.A. maxim of quantityB. maxim of qualityC. maxim of relationD. maxim of mannerC6. ____ caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords refers to the use of pitch in language to distinguish words.A. IntonationB. StressC. ToneD. AspirationC7. ____ is a socially prestigious dialect that is supported by institutions.A. Ethnic dialectB. IdeolectC. Standard dialectD. CreoleD8. Which of the following country are those loanwords“garage, champion, beauty, parliament”borrowed from____.A. LatinB. DutchC. GermanD.FrenchB9. In the sentence “The angry man went furiously through the rooms. ”The first division into immediateconstitute should be between ____.A. angry and manB. man and wentC. furiously and throughD. The and angryC10. ____ refers to the effect of the utterance.A. Illocutionary actB. Locutionary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech actA1. The consonant sound /p/ is described as ___.A. voiceless bilabial stopB. voiceless alveolar stopC. voiced bilabial stopD.voiced alveolar stopC2. A new word created by cutting the final part or cutting the initial part is referred to as ____.A. acronymB. borrowingC. clippingD.blendingC3. According to the author our brain is divided into two hemispheres. Language functions are mainly located in ____.A. right hemispheresB. front hemispheresC. left hemispheresD.back hemispheresC4. “A language pattern which occurs in all known language ”is called ____.A. a phonemic representationB. a phonetic representationC. a language universalD. language changeC5. In the sentence-------“The child found the puppy ”,____ is not a constituent.A. The childB. found the puppyC. found theD. the puppyA6. A ____ is a word or phrase which people use in place of terms which they consider to be more disagreeable or offensive to themselves and /or to their audience.A. EuphemismB. metaphorC. denotationD.jargonC7. ____ is the learner’sprocess of adapting to the culture and value system of the target language community.A. AcquisitionB. AssimilationC. AcculturationD. ArticulationC8.What is the relationship between the two words “flower / rose ”? ____A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. hyponymyD. PolysemyD9.The function of the sentence“How are you?”____A. directiveB. informativeC. performativeD. phaticC10. Homonyms ____.A. are words that share the same phonetic features and the same semantic featuresB. are words that share the same semantic features but have different sets of phonetic featuresC. are words that share the same phonetic features but have different sets of semantic featuresD. are two words that all but one of semantic features in commonB1.The distinction between language and parole is proposed by ____.A. HallidayB. SaussureC. ChomskyD. FirthC2. In the following dialogue, the maxim of ____ is not observed.A. What time is it?B. It’s terribly cold in here.A. qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD. mannerB3.____ are linguistic units larger than sentences.A. MovesB. DiscoursesC. TopicsD. TendenciesA4. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity?__A. single/marriedB. big/smallC. hot / coldD. old /youngA5. Usually ____ refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but linguistics is used in other areas, as well.A. applied linguisticsB. theoretical linguisticsC. contextual linguisticsD. general linguisticsD6. Two words that are differentiated by one phoneme, such as“cat”and“rat”, are known as a ____.A. distinctive featureB. argumentC. codeD. minimal pairD7. ____ is often regarded as the founder of the study of sociolinguistics.A. SaussureB. HallidayC. ChomskyD. LabovC8. ____ is the academic discipline concerned with the study of the processes by which people learn languages in addition to their native tongue.A. IPAB. IC AnalysisC. SLAD. TGC9. The ____ is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.A. bound morphemeC. rootA10. In terms of S earle will win the game.A. representativeB.affixD. prefix’ s classification system of illocutionary acts, the sentence Ten bucks say that The“ Yankee” used to bet belongs to.B. commissiveC. directiveD. declarationB1. Three factors involved in describing vowels are ____.A. place of articulation / part of the tongue raised / voicingB. tongue height / part of the tongue raised / lip roundingC. articulators / extreme vowel positions / tongue positionD. teeth position / alveolar ridge position / voicingC2. In ____ the structure of words is studied.A. phoneticsB. phonologyC. morphologyD. syntaxD3. Which one is not a source of error? ____A the native language B. the target languageC. learner’s style of thinkingD. noneC4. “Love”and “hate ”are ____.A. binary antonymsB. complementary pairsC. gradable antonymsD. relational oppositesA5. ___ refers to sentences not only describe or report information, but also help speakers accomplish things.A. Speech actB. DiscourseC. ContextD. CommunicationB6. The feature that distinguishes“ hotdog” and“.hot dog”isA. toneB. stressC. intonationD. aspirationA7. ____ deals with how language is acquired, understood and produced.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. NeurolinguistcsD. Anthropological linguisticsD8. The study of language at some point of time is generally termed as ____ linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronicA9. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into London school.A. FirthB. BloomfieldC. BoasD. TrubetzkoyC10. ____ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard languageD1. The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the ____ period for the first language acquisition.A. initialB. one-word stageC. pubertyD. criticalA2. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called ____.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. syntaxD. language changeD3. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the ____ principle proposed by J. Grice.A. comprehensiveB. generativeC. discourseD. cooperativeC4. ___ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.A. referenceB. lexical meaningC. senseD. wordB5. “Autumn ”and “fall ”are used respectively in Britain and America, but refer to the same thing. The words are___ synonyms.A. collocationalB. dialectalC. completeD. stylisticD6. ____ is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, namely, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.A. surface structureB. syntactic ambiguityC. syntactic componentD. deep structureC7. London speech that was illustrated by Shakespeare’ s writing was generall.y termedA. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Early Modern EnglishD. Late ModernA8. If we begin interpretation of a sentence spontaneously and automatically on the basis of whatever information is available to us, that is called ____.A. top-down processingB. bottom-up processingC. inductive analysisD. comparative analysisB9. ____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.A. DialectB. IdiolectC. Ethnic dialectD. Linguistic repertoireA10. Of the following words, ____ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO。

英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)

英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)

有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua franca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change theletter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomething's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in differentregional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples forillustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题(2)一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

语言学考试试题及答案

语言学考试试题及答案

语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学是研究语言的科学,它包括以下哪些分支学科?A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语义学D. 所有选项答案:D2. 下列哪个术语不是语言学的分支?A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 神经语言学D. 化学语言学答案:D3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么?A. 音素B. 词素C. 词D. 句子答案:B4. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音属性?A. 音高B. 音长C. 音色D. 所有选项答案:D5. 语言的语法规则可以是:A. 显性的B. 隐性的C. 两者都是D. 两者都不是答案:C6. 以下哪种语言现象不属于语言变异?A. 方言B. 社会方言C. 语言接触D. 语言消亡答案:D7. 语言的演变通常被认为是:A. 随机的B. 有目的的C. 无意识的D. 有意识的答案:C8. 语言接触可能导致:A. 语言融合B. 语言分离C. 语言借用D. 所有选项答案:D9. 语言的语用学研究的是:A. 语言的语境B. 语言的功能C. 语言的意义D. 所有选项答案:D10. 以下哪个术语不属于语义学研究的范围?A. 语义场B. 语义角色C. 语义关系D. 音位学答案:D二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言的______属性包括音高、音长和音色。

答案:语音2. 语言的______属性包括语法、词汇和语义。

答案:结构3. 语言的______属性涉及语言的社会和文化方面。

答案:社会4. 语言学中的______理论认为语言是一系列规则的集合。

答案:形式主义5. 语言的______是语言学研究的基础单位。

答案:句子6. 语言的______是指语言在不同社会群体中的变体。

答案:变异7. 语言的______是指语言在不同地理区域的变体。

答案:方言8. 语言的______是指语言在不同时间的演变。

答案:历史9. 语言的______是指语言在不同语境中的使用。

答案:语用10. 语言的______是指语言的抽象意义。

语言学选择题

语言学选择题

A. performative B. phatic C. recreational D. emotive
20. The term may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.
24. An affix can be added to certain type of to form a new word.
A. infix B. affix C. stem D. word
25. In a sentence, which of the following is usually NOT stressed?
nguage is a means of means of verbal communication.
nguage is some arbitrary symbols .
C.The language system is unique to human begins.
1. 1. Which of the following sratements about language is not true?
A .Language is a system nguage is symbolie
C . Animals also have languages .DLanguage is arbitrary
3.Of the following sound conbinations ,only is permissible.

英语语言学试题3及答案

英语语言学试题3及答案

英语语言学试题3及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 在语言学中,研究语言结构的学科被称为:A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 结构语言学D. 应用语言学答案:C2. 语言中最小的意义单位是:A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案:C3. 下列哪项是语言的任意性特征?A. 语言的规则性B. 语言的创造性C. 语言的任意性D. 语言的稳定性答案:C4. 英语中,单词“cat”的词根是:A. catB. -catC. -cattD. ca-答案:A5. 语言的“经济性原则”指的是:A. 用最少的音位表达最多的意义B. 用最少的词汇表达最多的意义C. 用最少的句型表达最多的意义D. 用最少的语法规则表达最多的意义答案:A6. “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for communication.” 这句话中,“arbitrary”一词的意思是:A. 任意的B. 必然的C. 相关的D. 必要的答案:A7. 语言学家乔姆斯基认为,人类天生具有:A. 语言能力B. 语言知识C. 语言习惯D. 语言技巧答案:A8. 语言的“双重艺术性”指的是:A. 语言的创造性和规范性B. 语言的任意性和规约性C. 语言的表达性和接收性D. 语言的描述性和规定性答案:B9. 下列哪个选项不是语言的功能?A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 社会控制D. 艺术创作答案:D10. 在英语中,单词“university”的词缀“uni-”表示:A. 一B. 多C. 不D. 再答案:A二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学的三个主要分支是语音学、__________和句法学。

答案:语法学2. 根据语言的起源,语言学可以分为历史语言学和__________语言学。

答案:比较3. 语言的“规约性”指的是语言符号的__________。

答案:约定性4. 在语言学中,研究语言在社会中的功能和影响的学科被称为__________语言学。

(完整word版)语言学选择题(附答案)

(完整word版)语言学选择题(附答案)

语言学1.__A__ is the study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.A. PhonologyB. LexicographyC. LexicologyD. Morphology2. __C__ is defined as the scientific study of language, studying language in general.A. PsycholinguisticsB. NeurolinguisticsC. LinguisticsD. Phonetics3. Which of the linguistic items listed below is best described as the smallest unit of meaning? BA. the wordB. the morphemeC. the phonemeD. the clause4. A prefix is an affix which appears __B__.A. after the stemB. before the stemC. in the middle of the stemD. below the stem5. Which of the following is true? __C__A. Phonetics is the study of pronunciation.B. Phonetics is the scientific study of the movement of sound waves.C. Phonetics is the scientific study of the sounds of language.D. Phonetics is the scientific study of the organs of speech.6. “What’s in a name? That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweetSo Romeo would, were he not Romeo called,” (Romeo and Juliet, Act 2, Scene 2, 43~5)To what characteristic of language dose Shakespeare refer? __D__A. CreativityB. ProductivityC. DualityD. Arbitrariness7. Language, as a system, consists of two sets of structures or two levels, which is known as __A__, one of a design features of human language.A. DualityB. DisplacementC. ProductivityD. Arbitrariness8. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are __D__.A. phonemesB. phonesC. soundsD. allophones9. What is complementary distribution? __A__A. Different places of occurrence of allophones within a word.B. When a phone can only occur at the end of a word.C. When an allophone occurs at the beginning of a word.D. Contrastive distribution of allophones10. __D__ deals with the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations.A. MorphemeB. V ocabularyC. RootD. Lexicon1. Cold and hot are called __B__ antonyms.A. complementaryB. gradableC. reversalD. converse2. “I regret that I can’t help you.” This is an example of __C__.A. representativesB. directivesC. expressivesD. commissives3. What is the duality of the language? __D__A. Letters and soundsB. Sounds and symbolsC. Symbols and meaningD. sounds and meaning4. “I bought some roses” __A__ “I bought some flowers”.A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with5. Of the following linguists, __C__ should be grouped into Prague School.A. BloomfieldB. SaussureC. JakobsonD. Firth6. Damage in and around the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe often causes the impairment of reading and writingability, which is often referred to as acquired __C__.A. diglossiaB. aphasiaC. dyslexiaD. dysgraphia7. __A__ A Dictionary of the English Language established a uniform standard for the spelling and word use.A. Samuel Johnson’sB. Bishop Lowth’sC. Firth’sD. Samuel John’s8. What is phonology? __B__A. The study of how speech sounds are made, transmitted and receivedB. The study of the function, behavior and organization of speech sounds as linguistic items.C. The study of the International Phonetic Alphabet.D. The study of all possible speech sounds.9. The morpheme “cast” in the common word “telecast” is a (n) __D__.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme10. A phoneme is __D__.A. a set of different realization of a phoneB. a set of contrastive allophones in free variationC. a set of phones in complementary distributionD. a set of phonetically similar noncontrastive phones1. Firstly, to which of these language groups dose English belong? __A__A. GermanicB. SlavonicC. romanceD. Baltic2. What is defined as “the study of sentence structure”? __D__A. MorphologyB. SemanticsC. PhonologyD. Syntax3. According to Krashen, __D__ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first languageby using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition4. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a(n) __C__.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form5. __C__ studies the total stock of morphemes of a language, especially those items which have clear semantic references.A. PhonologyB. LexicologyC. MorphologyD. Lexicography6. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, __A__ is a product of L2 training, mother tongue interference,overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.A. interlanguageB. interferenceC. language transferD. linguistic relativity7. __A__ means the lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds.A. ArbitrarinessB. AbstractnessC. AmbiguityD. Fuzziness8. The term __B__ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changeover various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative9. When a speech sound changes and becomes more like another sound that follows or precedes it, it is said to be__D__.A. nasalizedB. voicedC. aspiratedD. assimilated10. F. de Saussure is a (n) __C__ linguist.A. AmericanB. BritishC. SwissD. Russian1. N. Chomsky is a (n) __A__ linguist.A. AmericanB. CanadaC. SwissD. French2. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis has two thrusts: __B__ and ____.A. Linguistic description, Linguistic determinismB. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic relativityC. Linguistic relativity, Linguistic descriptionD. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic performance3. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and used by people who speak different language forrestricted purpose is __A__.A. pidiginB. creoleC. dialectD. blends4. By __B__, we refer to word forms which differ from each other only by one sound, e.g. “pin” and “bin”.A. complementally distributionB. minimal pairC. Adjacency pairD. code—switching5. When two sounds never occur in the same environment they said to be in __A__.A. complementary distributionB. free variationC. co-occurrenceD. minimal pair6. __D__ century is considered to be the beginning of Modern English.A. 18thB. 17thC. 19thD. 16th7. Conventionally a __B__ is put in slashes.A. allophoneB. phonemeC. phoneD. morpheme8. __D__ is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that the only things valid enough to confirm orrefute o scientific theory are interpersonally observable phenomena, rather than people’s introspections or intuitions.A. MentalismB. Functional grammarC. Case grammarD. Behaviorism9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course ofaction are called __C__.A. expressivesB. directivesC. commisivesD. declaratives*10. A __C__ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.A. morphemeB. wordC. rootD. phoneme1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __C__.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human language in generalD. the system of a particular language2. __A__ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.A. InterlanguageB. IdeologyC. DialectD. Interference3. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called __ B__ rule.A. DeletionB. SequentialC. superasegmentalD. Assimilation4. “There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to”. This is the __B__ view concerning the study of meaning.A. naming theoryB. conceptualistC. contextualistD. behaviorist5. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. , in terms of __A__.A. manner of articulationB. openness of mouthC. place of articulationD. voicing6. According to Chomsky, __A__ is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language.A. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langue7. __A__ is not a suprasegmental feature.A. AspirationB. IntonationC. StressD. Tone8. __A__ is a phenomenon that L2 learners subconsciously use their L1language in their learning process.A. Language transferB. BlendingC. InterferenceD. Cooperative9. __C__ are affixes added to an existing form to create a new word, e.g. in-,-er.A. inflectional morphemeB. free morphemeC. derivational morphemeD. root10. Writing is the secondary language form based on __B__.A. soundB. speechC. gestureD. sign1. __C__ covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the study of linguistic communication.A. SemanticsB. SociolinguisticsC. PragmaticsD. Linguistics2. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so on are called __A__ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational3. Which of the following is not a compound word? __C__A. clearwayB. rainbowC. scarcityD. without4. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by process of learning, and not genetically is referred to as __A__.A. culture transmissionB. performanceC. competenceD. acquisition5. __C__ is the language of Angles, Saxons and Jutes who invaded Britain after AD 450.A. Old NorseB. CleticC. Old EnglishD. Middle English6. A group of two or more consonants together in a syllable is called a (n) __C__.A. arresting clusterB. releasing clusterC. consonant clusterD. syllable7. The semantic features of the word “woman” can be expressed as __C__.A. +ANIMATE, -- HUMAN, +ADULT, +MALEB. + ANIMATE, + HUMAN, -- ADULT, + MALEC. + ANIMATE, + HUMAN, + ADULT, -- MALED. + ANIMATE, -- HUMAN, -- ADULT, -- MALE8. __A__ is to refer to an auxiliary language used to enable routine communication to take place between groups of people who speak different native languages.A. Lingua francaB. DialectC. PidginD. Ethnic dialect9. __A__ is the study of the relationship between brain and language, including research into how the structure of the brain influences language learning.A. NeurolinguisticsB. PsyhcholingisticsC. Applied LinguisticsD. Sociolinguistics10. Modern synchronic linguistics traditionally dates from the __B__ of Swiss scholar Ferdinand de Saussure.A. Syntactic structureB. Cours de Linguitique GeneralC. De Lingua LatinaD. Language and Mind1.According to the strong version of the __A__ hypothesis, language determines speakers’ perceptions andpatterns their way of life.A. Sapir WhorfB. inputC. GrimD.Innateness2. Which of the following is true? __D__A. In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.B. A compound is the combination of only two words.C. The division of English into old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and notarbitrary.D. If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully lateron.3. Which of the following statements is not true? __D__A. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.B. Language is human specificC. Language is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraintsD.The first language was invented by Adam, the first man.4. A group of people who do in fact have the opportunity to interact with each other and who share not just a single language with its related varieties but also attitudes to- ward linguistic norms are defined as __B__.A. speech varietyB. speech communityC. registerD. sociolect5. “Your money or your life?” is an example of __C__.A. representativeB. expressiveC. directivesmissives6. Which of the following distinctive features can be used to separate [p] and [b]? _D_A. stopB. fricativesC. bilabialD.voiced7. __D__ studies the total stock of morphemes of a language particularly those items which have clear semantic references.A. LexicographyB. PhonologyC. LexicologyD.Morphology8. __C__ theorized that acquisition of language is an innate process determined by biological factors which limit the important period for acquisition of a language from roughly two years of age to puberty.A. Input hypothesisB. Interaction hypothesisC. Critical period hypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis9. An example of __C__ would be the change in meaning undergone by the OE word, docga, modern day dog. In OE docga referred to a particular breed of dog, while in modern usage it refers to the class of dogs as a whole.A. semantic degradationsB. semantic reductionsC. semantic extensionsD. semantic elevation10. According to Chomsky, the child is born with a built – in set of rules, which have the specific function of enabling her to construct the grammar of her mother tongue. This view is to be seen as __C__.A. Input hypothesisB. X-theoryC. Language acquisition deviceD.Universal grammar1. “Old” and “Young” are a pair of __D__ opposites.A. complementaryB. relationalC. converseD. gradable2. Systemic-Functional Grammar, one of the most influential linguistic theories in the 20th century, is put forward by __B__.A. ChomskyB. HallidayC. FirthD.Malinowski3. V owels that are produced between the positions for a front and back vowel are called __D__ vowel.A. backB. frontC. unroundedD.central4. From Halliday’s viewpoint, language is a form of realization of __D__ rather than a form of realizationof______.A. knowing, doingB. thinking, knowingC. doing, thinkingD.doing, knowing5. __D__ believes that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.A. The innatistB. The interactionistC. The behavioristD.The mentalist6.__C__studies the physical properties of speech sound, as transmitted between mouth and ear.A. Articulatory phoneticsB. Physiological phoneticsC Acoustic phonetics D. Auditory phonetics7. Creativity refers to __B__.A. the unconscious knowledge that language users have in their mindsB. the capacity of language users to produce and understand an indefinitely large number of sentencesC. a property claimed to be characteristic of all languagesD. animals’ capacity to learn more than one human language8. Fossilization is a process _ A_.A. in which incorrect linguistic features beca me a permanent part of a learner’s competenceB. in which incorrect as well as correct linguistic features beca me a permanent part of a learner’s co mpetence,but the correct items gradually delete the incorrect itemsC. which can happen as a result of teachers’ disapproval of an incorrect itemD.A and C are correct9. “Competence” refers to __B__.A. knowledge of meaning of words and sentencesB. a speaker’s unconscious knowledge about his/her languageC. the actual use of a speaker’s unconscious knowledge about his/her languageD. the laws that pertain to all languages throughout the world10. __A__ refers to unintentionally deviation from the adult grammar of a native speaker.A. An errorB. A mistakeC. A slip of the tongueD. Fossilization1. __C__ is a multiword construction that is a semantic unit whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meanings of its constituents.A. semantic componentB. collocationC. idiomD. reference2. The distinction between langue and parole is similar to that between __B__.A. prescriptive and descriptiveB. competence and performanceC. speech and writingD. synchronic and diachronic3. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives can be classified as __A__.A. open class wordsB. grammatical wordsC. closed class wordsD. function words4. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “furniture/bed”? __B__A. polysemyB. hyponymyC. homonymyD. antonymy5. Which description of componential analysis for the word “woman” is right? __B__A. +human,-adult, -maleB. +human, + adult, -maleC. +human, + adult, +maleD. +human, -adult, +male6. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a __B__.A. regional dialectB. registerC. fieldD. repertoire7. In structural grammar, distributional analysis is used to define __D__, which are taken as the basic building blocks.A. morphemesB. wordsC. syllableD. phonemes8. “Speech Act Theory” was proposed by __D__ in 1962.A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. Jane AustinD. John Austin9. The major new development in linguistics in 20th century was __D__ grammar.A. speculativeB. traditionalC. structuralD. transformational-generative10. __A__ refers to the tendency of many learners to stop developing their inter-language grammar in the direction of the target language.A. FossilizationB. Error analysisC. OvergeneralizationD. Interference1. The most recognizable difference between American English and British English are in __D__ and vocabulary.A. structureB. grammarC. usageD. pronunciation2. The study of how we do things with utterance is the study of __C__, the nature of which is determined by context.A. contextB. pragmaticsC. speech actD. semantics3. A(n) __A__ is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. “pass away” for “die”.A. euphemismsB. deleteC. coinageD. taboo4. In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, __B__ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.A. transferB. bilingualismC. diglossiaD. inter-language5. Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in __D__.A. relationshipB. dependenceC. sentenceD. context6.__C__ is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.A. cultural transmissionB. dualityC. displacementD. productivity7. Traditional grammarians begin with __B__ definition of the sentence and components.A. structuralB. notionalC. descriptiveD. prescriptive8. __A__ is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system.A. Speech communityB. A raceC. A societyD. A country9. __A__ invasions established three major groups in England: Saxons, Angles and Jutes.A. GermanicB. NormanC. FrenchD. Roman10. Japanese is the only major language that uses __D__ writing system.A. a word-writingB. a logographicC. an alphabeticD. a syllabic1. __C__ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e. a word or group of words, which serves as a definable “center” or “head”.A. Exocentric constructionB. CoordinationC. Endocentric constructionD. Collocation2. Of the following linguists, __A__ should not be grouped into American school.A. FirthB. SapirC. BloomfieldD. Boas3. When people learn a foreign language for external goals such as passing exams, financial rewards or furthering a career, we say they learn a foreign language with a (n) __D__.A. intrinsic motivationB. resultative motivationC. integrative motivationD. instrumental motivation4. What is the sense relation in the sentence “M y unmarried sister is married to a bachelor.” __B__A. PresupposeB. ContradictionC. EntailmentD. Inconsistent5. ---TRUTH.---Do not say what you believe to be false.---Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.Those can be defined as the features of __B__ of Gricean maxims.A. maxim of quantityB. maxim of qualityC. maxim of relationD. maxim of manner6. __C__ caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords refers to the use of pitch in language to distinguish words.A. IntonationB. StressC. ToneD.Aspiration7. __C__ is a socially prestigious dialect that is supported by institutions.A. Ethnic dialectB. IdeolectC. Standard dialectD. Creole8. Which of the following country are those loanwords “garage, champion, beauty, parliament” borrowed from__D__.A. LatinB. DutchC. GermanD.French9. In the sentence “The angry man went furiously through the rooms.” The first division into immediate constitute should be between __B__.A. angry and manB. man and wentC. furiously and throughD. The and angry10. __C__ refers to the effect of the utterance.A. Illocutionary actB. Locutionary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech act1. The consonant sound /p/ is described as __A__.A. voiceless bilabial stopB. voiceless alveolar stopC. voiced bilabial stopD.voiced alveolar stop2. A new word created by cutting the final part or cutting the initial part is referred to as __C__.A. acronymB. borrowingC. clippingD.blending3. According to the author our brain is divided into two hemispheres. Language functions are mainly located in__C__.A. right hemispheresB. front hemispheresC. left hemispheresD.back hemispheres4. “A language pattern which occurs in all known language” is called __C__.A. a phonemic representationB. a phonetic representationC. a language universalD. language change5. In the sentence-------“The child found the puppy”, __C__ is not a constituent.A. The childB. found the puppyC. found theD. the puppy6. A __A__ is a word or phrase which people use in place of terms which they consider to be more disagreeable or offensive to themselves and /or to their audience.A. EuphemismB. metaphorC. denotationD.jargon7. __C__ is the learner’s process of adapting to the culture and value system of the target language community.A. AcquisitionB. AssimilationC. AcculturationD. Articulation8. What is the relationship between the two words “flower / rose”? __C__A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. hyponymyD. Polysemy9. The function of the sentence “How are you?” __D__A. directiveB. informativeC. performativeD. phatic10. Homonyms __C__.A. are words that share the same phonetic features and the same semantic featuresB. are words that share the same semantic features but have different sets of phonetic featuresC. are words that share the same phonetic features but have different sets of semantic featuresD. are two words that all but one of semantic features in common1. The distinction between language and parole is proposed by __B__.A. HallidayB. SaussureC. ChomskyD. Firth2. In the following dialogue, the maxim of __C__ is not observed.A. What time is it?B. It’s terribly cold in here.A. qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD. manner3. __B__ are linguistic units larger than sentences.A. MovesB. DiscoursesC. TopicsD. Tendencies4. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? _A_A. single/marriedB. big/smallC. hot / coldD. old /young5. Usually __A__ refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but linguistics is used in other areas, as well.A. applied linguisticsB. theoretical linguisticsC. contextual linguisticsD. general linguistics6. Two words that are differentiated by one phoneme, such as “cat” and “rat”, are known as a __D__.A. distinctive featureB. argumentC. codeD. minimal pair7. __D__ is often regarded as the founder of the study of sociolinguistics.A. SaussureB. HallidayC. ChomskyD. Labov8. __C__ is the academic discipline concerned with the study of the processes by which people learn languages in addition to their native tongue.A. IPAB. IC AnalysisC. SLAD. TG9. The __C__ is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.A. bound morphemeB. affixC. rootD. prefix10. In terms of S earle’s classification system of illocutionary acts, the sentence “Ten bucks say that The Yankee will win the game.” used to bet belongs to __A__.A. representativeB. commissiveC. directiveD. declaration1. Three factors involved in describing vowels are __B__.A. place of articulation / part of the tongue raised / voicingB. tongue height / part of the tongue raised / lip roundingC. articulators / extreme vowel positions / tongue positionD. teeth position / alveolar ridge position / voicing2. In __C__ the structure of words is studied.A. phoneticsB. phonologyC. morphologyD. syntax3. Which one is not a source of error? __D__A the native language B. the target languageC. learner’s style of thinkingD. none4. “Love” and “hate” are __C__.A. binary antonymsB. complementary pairsC. gradable antonymsD. relational opposites5. __A__ refers to sentences not only describe or report information, but also help speakers accomplish things.A. Speech actB. DiscourseC. ContextD. Communication6. The feature that distinguishes “hotdog” and “hot dog” is __B__.A. toneB. stressC. intonationD. aspiration7. __A__ deals with how language is acquired, understood and produced.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. NeurolinguistcsD. Anthropological linguistics8. The study of language at some point of time is generally termed as __D__ linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic9. Of the following linguists, __A__ should be grouped into London school.A. FirthB. BloomfieldC. BoasD. Trubetzkoy10. __C__ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language1. The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the __D__ period for the first language acquisition.A. initialB. one-word stageC. pubertyD. critical2. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called __A__.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. syntaxD. language change3. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the __D__ principle proposed by J. Grice.A. comprehensiveB. generativeC. discourseD. cooperative4. __C__ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.A. referenceB. lexical meaningC. senseD. word5. “Autumn” and “fall” are used respectively in Britain and America, but refer to the same thing. The words are __B__ synonyms.A. collocationalB. dialectalC. completeD. stylistic6. __D__ is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, namely, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.A. surface structureB. syntactic ambiguityC. syntactic componentD. deep structure7. London speech that was illustrated by Shakespeare’s writing was generally termed __C__.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Early Modern EnglishD. Late Modern8. If we begin interpretation of a sentence spontaneously and automatically on the basis of whatever information is available to us, that is called __A__.A. top-down processingB. bottom-up processingC. inductive analysisD. comparative analysis9. __B__ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.A. DialectB. IdiolectC. Ethnic dialectD. Linguistic repertoire10. Of the following words, __A__ is an initialism.A. UNB. NA TOC. BASICD. UNESCO。

英语语言学试题及答案

英语语言学试题及答案

英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "phoneme" refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A unit of meaningC. A unit of writingD. A unit of grammar答案:A2. Which of the following is NOT a branch of linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PsychologyD. Syntax答案:C3. The process of changing the form of a word to express different grammatical relationships is called:A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案:A4. In English, the word "mouse" is an example of:A. A countable nounB. An uncountable nounC. A proper nounD. An article答案:A5. The study of meaning in language is known as:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案:A6. The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning ina language is called:A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. SyllableD. Word答案:A7. The branch of linguistics that studies the social aspects of language is:A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. NeurolinguisticsD. Computational linguistics答案:A8. The use of language in context is studied in:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案:B9. The process of acquiring a first language is known as:A. Second language acquisitionB. Foreign language learningC. Language learningD. First language acquisition答案:D10. The systematic arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences is the study of:A. PhonologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The study of speech sounds is called ____________.答案:Phonetics2. The smallest meaningful unit of language is known as a____________.答案:Morpheme3. The branch of linguistics that deals with the structure of words is ____________.答案:Morphology4. The study of how language is used in social contexts is called ____________.答案:Sociolinguistics5. The process by which children acquire their first language is known as ____________.答案:Language acquisition6. The study of the rules governing the formation of sentences in a language is ____________.答案:Syntax7. The branch of linguistics that examines the psychological aspects of language is ____________.答案:Psycholinguistics8. The study of the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences is known as ____________.答案:Semantics9. The branch of linguistics concerned with the relationship between language and culture is ____________.答案:Anthropological linguistics10. The study of how language is processed in the brain is called ____________.答案:Neurolinguistics三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. Explain the difference between a phoneme and an allophone. 答案:A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language, while an allophone is a variant of a phoneme that does not change the meaning of aword.2. What is the role of syntax in language?答案:Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a language,including how words and phrases are arranged to create well-formed sentences.3. How does sociolinguistics contribute to our understandingof language?答案:Sociolinguistics helps us understand how languagevaries according to social factors such as class, gender, age, and ethnicity, and how these variations affect communication and social interaction.四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)1. Discuss the importance of pragmatics in language communication.答案:Pragmatics is crucial in language communication as it deals with the way context influences the interpretation of meaning. It helps us understand how speakers convey intended meanings beyond the literal interpretation of words and sentences, taking into account factors such as tone, body language, and shared knowledge.2. Explain the concept of language universals and give examples.答案:Language universals refer to the structural and functional features that are common to all human languages. Examples include the presence of nouns and verbs, the use ofword order to convey meaning, and the ability to form questions and negations.。

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案一、选择题1. 语言学是一门研究语言的科学,它主要关注语言的哪些方面?A. 语音和语法B. 词汇和语义C. 语音、语法、词汇和语义D. 语法和语用答案:C2. 下列哪个选项不属于语言学的分支学科?A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语用学答案:C3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么?A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案:C二、填空题4. 语言学中的“_______”是指语言的物理表现形式。

答案:语音5. 语言学中的“_______”是指语言的抽象系统,包括语法规则和词汇。

答案:语法6. 语言学中的“_______”是指语言的最小意义单位。

答案:语素三、简答题7. 简述语言学的主要研究方法。

答案:语言学的主要研究方法包括观察法、实验法、调查法、统计法等。

观察法是通过观察语言现象来收集数据;实验法是在控制条件下进行语言实验以验证假设;调查法是通过问卷、访谈等方式收集语言使用情况;统计法是利用统计学原理分析语言数据。

8. 描述语言学和历史语言学的区别。

答案:描述语言学关注的是特定语言在某一特定时间点的状态,它试图描述和解释语言的结构和功能;而历史语言学关注的是语言随时间的变化和发展,研究语言的起源、演变以及不同语言之间的亲缘关系。

四、论述题9. 论述语言与文化之间的关系。

答案:语言与文化之间存在着密切的关系。

首先,语言是文化的载体,通过语言可以传递和保存文化信息。

其次,语言反映了文化的特点,不同文化背景下的语言会有不同的表达方式和词汇。

此外,语言的使用也受到文化规范和价值观的影响,例如礼貌用语、禁忌语等。

最后,语言的发展和变化也受到文化因素的影响,文化变迁往往伴随着语言的演变。

10. 分析语言的多样性对全球化的影响。

答案:语言的多样性对全球化有着复杂的影响。

一方面,语言多样性丰富了人类的文化生活,促进了不同文化之间的交流与理解。

另一方面,语言多样性也带来了沟通上的障碍,全球化进程中需要跨越语言障碍以实现信息的自由流通。

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语言学选择题练习Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___D___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme2. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ____D______.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.3. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speechof____B___.A. the first elementB. the second elementC. either the first or the second elementD. both the first and the second elements4. ___B____ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combinedwith other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. Bound wordsD. Words5. ___C______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of wordsand the rules by which words are formed.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ___C____.A. lexicalB. morphemicC. grammaticalD. semantic7. Bound morphemes are those that ___D________.A. have to be used independentlyB. can not be combined with other morphemesC. can either be free or boundD. have to be combined with other morphemes8. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes9. ____B_____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of languageby the linguists.A. WordsB. MorphemesC. PhonemesD. Sentences10. “-s” in the word “books” is __C_____.A. a derivative affixB. a stemC. an inflectional affixD. a root11 Of all the speech organs, the ___C____ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords12. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A_ sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonantal13. ____B______ is a voiced alveolar stop.A. /z/B. /d/C. /k/D. /b/14. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”afeature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _____A. identicalB. sameC. exactly alikeD. similar15.Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____A_______.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair16. The sound /f/ is ____D_____________.A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricative17. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle18. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____C___.A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features19. A(n) ______D_____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. Phoneme20.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the __D__ of that phoneme.A. phonesC. phonemesD. allophones21. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use,it is said to be ____C___.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic22. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ___C____.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable23. A historical study of language is a __B_____ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative24. According to F. de Saussure, ___C____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language25. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called ___A____,A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission26. Of all the speech organs, the __C_____ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords27. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A__ sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonantal28. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____A_______.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair29. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle30. A(n) ____D_______ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstractunit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme31. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___D___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme32. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ___D_______.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.33. ____C_____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme34. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____C___.A. lexicalB. morphemicC. grammaticalD. semantic35. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the partof speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes36. A sentence is considered __D__ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical37. Phrase structure rules have __A__ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional38. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand ______D_______.A. how words and phrases form sentences.B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC. how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD. All of the above.39. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ___A_____.A. transformational rulesB. generative rulesC. phrase structure rulesD. x-bar theory40. The sentence structure is ___D____.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical41. The syntactic rules of any language are __C__ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite42. The ____D____ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to formgrammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphologicalC. linguisticD. combinational43.“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents____B___.A. the conceptualist viewB. contexutalismC. the naming theoryD. behaviourism44. “Can I borrow your bike?”____D___ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD.presupposes45. _____B______ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaningcomponents, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD.Grammatical analysis46. “Alive” and “dead” are ________C______.A. gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonymsD.None of the above47. ______C_____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings havethe same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy48. Words that are close in meaning are called _______D_______.A. homonymsB. polysemyC. hyponymsD. synonyms49. ____A_____ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A. PragmaticsB. SemanticsC. Sense relationD. Concept50. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the studyof meaning ____D_____ isconsidered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context51. A sentence is a ___B______ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual52. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) ____C_____.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive53. Which of the following is true? ___B____A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences.C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.54. ______C____ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; itis the consequence of, or thechange brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act55. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but theydiffer ____C______.A. in their illocutionary acts.B. in their intentions expressedC. in their strength or forceD. in their effect brought about56. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, ___D____might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD.conversational implicatures57. English language belongs to ___A______.A. Indo-European FamilyB. Sino-Tibetan FamilyC. Austronesian FamilyD.Afroasiatic Family58. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness59. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because_______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the above60. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between_______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas61. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical62. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator63. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional64. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.A. how words and phrases form sentences.B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC. how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD. All of the above.65. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.A. transformational rulesB. generative rulesC. phrase structure rulesD. x-bar theory66. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phraseC. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positionsD. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.67. The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. Only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical68. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite69. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphologicalC. linguisticD. combinational70._______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.A. GenerativeB. TransformationalC. X-barD. Phrase structure71. The naming theory is advanced by ________.A. PlatoB. BloomfieldC. Geoffrey LeechD. Firth72. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.A. the conceptualist viewB. contexutalismC. the naming theoryD. behaviourism73. Which of the following is not true?A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.74. “Can I borrow your bike?”_______ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes75. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis76. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above77. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense78. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy79. Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A. homonymsB. polysemyC. hyponymsD. synonyms80. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.A. grammatical rulesB. selectional restrictionsC. semantic rulesD. semantic features(注:可编辑下载,若有不当之处,请指正,谢谢!)。

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