烟草行业

摘要

烟草业税收在我国税收体系中有着重要的地位，然而由于烟草行业的特殊性，我国对烟草行业实行烟草专卖制度。在这一制度下，我国烟草业取得了长足的发展。但是，烟草行业仍然存在着产业整体素质不高、工业企业规模效益差、现代企业制度发展滞后等一系列的问题。我国烟草产业面临着大型跨国烟草巨头的巨大冲击和严峻挑战。同时世界控烟运动的发展也对我国烟草产业的发展产生着巨大的影响。为了适应新的形势的变化，对我国烟草业的政府规制体系进行全面的研究并提出相应的改革措施，建立既能促进我国烟草业健康发展又符合我国国情的政府规制体系，无疑是提高我国烟草业产业竞争力，有效应对各种竞争和挑战的现实途径。目前，中国烟草业的政府规制存在着许多弊端。从长远看，中国烟草业的规制应与国际烟草业的发展趋势相符合，并最终融入到我国建立完善的市场经济体制的进程中。因此，中国烟草业的政府规制任重道远。近年来我国政府对电信、电力等自然垄断领域及金融、保险、证券等存在严重信息不对称的行业的政府规制改革已取得明显的成效。但对于烟草业这一以国家垄断为特征的行业，政府的规制改革明显滞后。

本文从我国烟草业政府规制的理论基础出发，分析了烟草专卖制度、烟草消费成瘾性、烟草业外部性的经济学含义，提出了我国烟草业规制改革的目标。在分析我国烟草业经济性规制和社会性规制的现状、主要问题和成因的基础上，通过对主要国家烟草业政府规制经验的借鉴和比较，分别从经济性规制和社会性规制两个方面阐述了我国烟草业政府规制改革的建议和对策。

关键词：烟草业政府规制经济性规制对策

ABSTRACT

The tobacco industry revenue in China's tax system has an important role. However, due to the specificity of the tobacco industry, the government controls it with the implementation of the tobacco monopoly system. So, China's tobacco industry develops very well. There are a series of problems in the development of the Tobacco industry, such as low overall quality of the industry, poor economies of scale of industrial enterprises, lagging behind the development of a modern enterprise system. China's tobacco industry is faced with large multinational tobacco giant's enormous impact and challenges. At the same time, the world’s tobacco control movement is also on China's tobacco industry have a tremendous impact. In order to adapt to changes in the new situation of China's system of government regulation of the tobacco industry to conduct a comprehensive study and propose reform measures, we need to establish a new system of government regulation to promote the development of the tobacco industry. Improving the competitiveness of China's tobacco industry is a good way that can effectively deal with a variety of challenges and competition. China's tobacco industry regulation should be consistent with international trends, in the same time, should be consistent with the establishment of a sound market economy system. Therefore, the Chinese government regulation of the tobacco industry has a long way to go. In recent years the Chinese Government on telecommunications, electricity and other areas of natural monopolies and finance, insurance, securities and other serious information asymmetry in government regulation of industry reform has achieved remarkable results. But for the tobacco industry that is characterized by a state monopoly of the industry, the Government's regulatory reform has lagged far behind.

In this paper, from the theoretical basis of government regulation, the author analyses the meaning of the tobacco monopoly system, consumption of tobacco addiction and the tobacco industry outside of the economics, and puts forward the goal of regulatory reform. The Author has proposed China's tobacco industry reform proposals and measures, respectively, from the economic regulation and social regulation of two aspects of government regulation through the analysis of the tobacco industry in economic regulation and social regulation of the status, the main issues and causes on the basis of the major countries of the tobacco industry from government regulation and comparison of experience.

Key Words: Tobacco industry Government regulation, Economic regulation Measure.