2017年郑州大学翻译硕士考研真题、复试解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解 .doc
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解（完整版）注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] warning【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
首句说：人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。
该句含义为：现在也是如此，学者们再次_______技术正在取代人类劳动。
从句为负向，故首先排除boasting吹嘘，ensuring确保。
Denying否认与首句中心句相冲突，故答案为Warning警告，语义逻辑通顺。
2、【答案】[A] inequality【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
该句含义为：“一些人认为即将来临的不用工作的世界通过______来定义。
少数的富人拥有所有的财富，而大多数人则在一片贫穷的荒芜之地中挣扎着生存。
”后一句话为对前一句的解释，所以这是一个不平等的世界，选inequality。
3、【答案】[D] prediction【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
该句含义为：一个不同的，而并不相互排斥的_______认为未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地。
此处，prediction（语言）呼应了文中future （未来），为最佳选项，且代入原文语义通顺。
Policy政策，guideline指导方针，resolution 决心，在此处都不符合题意。
4、【答案】[A] characterized【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
前文说一种与众不同的荒芜之地，one为同位语补充说明荒地特征。
该句含义为：未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地，一个以漫无目的性________的荒芜之地。
Be characterized by以……为特征，此处purposelessness（漫无目的）的确是一种特征，故该选项为正确答案。
Divide分割，measure测量，balance 平衡，均语义不通。
5、【答案】[B] meaning【解析】此处考察词义辨析及词义复现。
2017年郑州大学翻译硕士真题 357英语翻译基础
2017年郑州大学翻译硕士真题（357英语翻译基础）1. Sentence translation (50 points)Translate the following sentences into Chinese (25 points)1. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.2. This method of using "controls" can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as "Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?" and "Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?"3. The 20th century will not be remembered as the era when space was conquered, or the power of the atom, harnessed, but that in which were made the first machines having intelligence.4. Shortly before the uninhabited space station reached orbit in May 1973, aerodynamic pressure ripped off a meteoroid and heat shield.5.They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.Translate the following sentences into English（25 points）1.基于原子水平上略微不同的性质，已知的水分子可以以两种不同的“异构体”类型存在。
2017考研英语翻译真题精析(31)
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译真题精析（31） 要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。
凯程考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。
Whorf came to believe in a sortof linguistic determinism //which, in its strongest form,states //that language imprisons the mind, //and that the grammatical patterns in alanguage can produce far-reaching consequence for the culture of a society. (39 words)词汇要点：1) believe in // 相信，信仰，信奉2) determinism // n. 决定论3) imprison // v. 关押，监禁;禁锢，束缚，限制4) far-reaching //adj. 影响深远的，深刻的结构要点：1) 主句是Whorf came to believe in …;2) which 引导的定语从句，其中inits strongest form 是插入结构;3) 定语从句的谓语动词是states ，后面有两个that 引导的宾语从句：states that …and that …。
汉译逻辑要点：1) came to 是“开始去，逐渐去”的意思。
2) a sort of 是“一种，某种”。
3) linguistic determinism 可以直接翻译为“语言决定论”。
4) in its strongest form 是插入结构，这里的代词its 指代主句中的linguistic determinism(语言决定论)，由于上文已经提及，所以可以用汉语的特指“其”来代替。
郑州大学翻译硕士MTI考研复试真题答案经验全程回顾
郑州大学翻译硕士MTI考研复试真题答案经验全程回顾3月22、23号两天进行的复试
外院复试安排上写的22号早上7点前就要把材料送到外院办公室了大部分人都选择21号下午去送的这次进复试的大概有57个人
22号上午是专业课笔试
英译汉汉译英各一篇不难英译汉讲的是针灸汉译英就是平常练过的政经类的文章大概三四百字吧
22号下午是专业课面试
签到、交手机、然后抽号，当时真的特别紧张，我记得我进去以后看到大概有六七个左右的老师吧当然我只注意到问我问题的三个老师其他人也没怎么注意因为真的很紧张还有录像。
面试的老师都挺和蔼的，第一个问题是自我介绍（不能出现自己的名字和学校）第二个问的是意译和直译哪个更重要第三个是让翻译了个句子，但是因为当时太紧张，老师说完句子我就直接忘了，老师会提醒你大概三次
23号上午是实践能力考核和听力实践能力考核就是写作一个小时的时间写700词今年的题目是“我们有国际妇女节，是不是有必要设立men's day“听力就放了一遍语速和难度大致和专八差不多 10分的选择 10分的mini lecture 但是这个mini lecture 比专八简单点因为能看到题
23号上午大概10点左右就考完了剩下的时间就可以去体检了因为我复试之前就打印了两张复试通知书和准考证所以考完就直接去校医院体检了人其实真的蛮多的，就先挑人比较少的去检查
总的来说郑大的老师都非常有耐心且和善希望能有机会再次去读书。
本文摘自鸿知郑大考研网。
2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析英语1文章明显偏学术，今年考察英语语言发展情况，文章选的英国文化教育协会，是雅思出题组织者。
它的主席叫大卫格兰多的一本书，叫《英语下一步》，他讲到整本书意思是英语将走向何处。
很有意思的是主席曾经这本书里说到了中文将以后成为世界语言。
英语1考题作为序言部分作为考题。
今年英语1总体难度和去年相比，刚刚过去2016年考研题稳中有一点点上升，没有任何难句出现，只是长句。
我认为稳中上升。
第一句话有一个单词难一点，(英文)，英语全球性主导地位。
翻译里没有考过。
(英文)主导地位考过，但是是阅读里经常出现，翻译都是可以的。
这句话基本意思说到了，说英语的人进一步扩大，这是一个(英文)状语从句。
后面跟着有迹象表明，是主句，表明的迹象是什么呢?从句，英语全球性主导地位在可预见地位将减弱。
fade(英文)略微有难度。
我对考研阅读没有那么熟，但是2000年出现过。
如果按照新东方老师关注的精读方法来学习有很好的效果。
第二句话讲到了大卫这个人分析，会终结一些人的(英文)，他们或许会认为英语全球性地位是如此稳定。
他们有一次词，是(英语)如此稳定，英国年轻一代不需要额外学习其他的语言能力。
但是会终结年轻一代的能力。
但是组织的时候要注意一下，有些人认为英语语言地位如此稳定，英国年轻人没有必要学习什么，但是大卫的观点会终结这些人的想法。
语序颠倒一下会更好。
48题，正在引入英语，引入小学课程，有一个单词，(英语)，这个单词是常见的一个单词，叫课程。
很多学校，很多国家把英语引入到小学课程，在小学会学课程都可以，把英语纳入小学课程。
但是英国小学生没有受到更多鼓励，鼓励他们更流利掌握其他语言。
fluency，这个单词稍微难掌握一些。
2017年郑州大学翻译硕士考研真题、考研重点
2017年郑州大学考研指导【郑州大学】基础英语：一、选择题，词义辨析10道，10分，二、15题，30分，三篇阅读，今年的阅读比去年长的多，但是总体不难，可能比专四稍微难些。
三、完型，20小题，10分。
四、15分，汉译英，关于政治的，一般难度。
五、15分，英译汉，关于语言学的，术语较多。
六、作文，20分。
关于大学生到底是参加社团活动好还是只学习好，说明你的看法与原因。
250字。
翻译基础：一、英译中，10题，每题5分，经济，网络，科学方面的特别多，感觉不简单，尤其是科学。
二、一篇中译英，讲的是能不能从黑洞里获取能量的问题，讲了霍金的一些量子物理学理论。
三、中译英，总6段话，关于中华民族文明的。
大概内容有，中华民族文明五千年，是世界文明里重要部分。
近代以来，什么中华民族到了最危险的时候，仁忍志士奋起反抗但次次失败。
中共成立后，领导人民英勇抗争最终胜利。
然后有一段建设中华文明，屹立世界文明之林。
各民族和睦相处，团结，中华民族怎样怎样……有一段是中国人民想要更怎样更怎样更怎样（更高收入，更好社保，更美环境等等一大堆，积累的词条能用上咯）最后一段是我们的责任要怎样，展望未来。
这篇虽然长，但总体难度还行吧，比去年的利与义简单一些。
主要还是要多关注政治方面的报道文章，才能更好把握。
百科：一、选择题，这次出的中国文学方面的蛮多，印象里大概得有四五题那样吧，中国地理，世界历史，世界文化，音乐，美术，政治，经济，科学，中国法律，外国国家概况，翻译理论等都会涉及一两题。
1、下面哪句不是出自论语？2、给了句诗歌，问描绘的是哪个地方？答案有苏州，扬州，常州，杭州3、下面哪个不是苏轼的作品，有题西林壁，时钟山记，还有个什么记，还有个送友人什么的忘记了。
4、给出了几个作品，请排列出版时间顺序，有《说文解字》《本草纲目》，还有两个忘记了5、《洛神赋图》是誰的作品？顾恺之6、南水北调中线水源地？丹江口水库7、有个戏剧忘记名字了，是谁的作品？答案里茅盾，郭沫若，巴金，老舍。
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!2017年英语二的翻译题是一篇关于梦想的小短文，全文共5句话，前两句话比较简短且简单，后三句较长，但难度也都不大。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)真题和答案详解
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"1 helping you feel close and2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A]recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of 17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases 20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price taghas been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea isalso home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK, could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46) But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47) His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48) many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49) The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] Besides【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。
2017考研英语翻译真题精析(13)
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译真题精析（13） 要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。
凯程考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。
Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn upalphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.词汇：shortlist //n. 入围名单，最后候选人名单ballot //n. 选票，选票权attendee //n. 参会者，出席者recipient //n. 接受者plough //v. 犁田，耕田plough through // 缓慢地费力地穿过，或者缓慢地费力地在某方面取得进展 结构：Shortlistsfor job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees(并列名词短语作all 的同位语): //all tend to be drawn up alphabetically(第一个并列句), //and their recipients lose interest (and 连接的第二个并列句的主干)//as they plough through them(as 时间状语从句).译文：求职面试的最终名单、选举投票的决选名单、会议发言和参会者的名单等等往往都是按字母表先后排列的，拿到这些名单的人要费劲地从头看到尾，逐渐兴趣索然。
2017考研英语翻译真题精析(12)
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译真题精析（12） 要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。
凯程考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。
Furthermore, humans have theability to modify the environment //in which they live, //thus subjecting all other life forms //to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. (26 words)词汇要点：1) furthermore //adv. 而且，此外，再者，进一步说2) modify //v. 更改，修改，修饰;缓和，减轻，调节3) subject to // 命令，使…服从于…;遭受，使…经历…4) peculiar //adj. 特有的，独特的，特别的5) fancy //n. 想象，想象力，幻想;爱好。
结构要点：1) 主干结构是humans have the ability;2) in which …是定语从句;3) subjecting …是分词短语作结果状语。
汉译逻辑要点：1) subjecting …to …是“使…服从于…”的意思;这个状语的逻辑主语应该是前面主干的主语human ，所以下文的their own peculiar ideas …中的their 应该是指human ，their 翻译为“人类”指代清楚为好。
2) 因为life forms 是“生命形态”;all other(所有其他的)是针对humans(人类)而言的“所有其他”的“生命形态”。
完整译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
2017年考研英语一翻译真题（已公布）
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities. David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads. (49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage. The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50)It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.。
2017年考研英语真题及解析全纯干货
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again __1__ that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by __2__. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive __3__ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one __4__ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives __5__, people will simply become lazy and depressed. __6__ today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll fou nd that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for __7__ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the __8__ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting __9__ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many __10__ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t __11__ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the __12__ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the __13__ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could __14__ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the __15__ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential," says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively __16__ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional __17__ of their jobs." When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel __18__," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different"—perhaps different enough to throw himself __19__ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for __20__ matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10 .[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart A:Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents；their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has __________.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London’s Olympic "legacy" has failed to ________.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it ______.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should ________.[A] organize "grassroots" sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is ______.[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is des igned to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the "still face experiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback. The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mo ther’s attention." Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other han d, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out ofan “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them." Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-t esting exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to child ren’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens30. According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it？And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’tacademic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone el se on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a ye ar off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that ______.[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps _______.[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to ________.[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them _______.[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be ________.[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its MYM5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire？“It’s already a huge problem from a pu blic expenditure per spective for the whole country,” he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, "Wait a minute, is this OK？”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape？”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited."At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says."We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire," Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the hu man connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they ________.[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _______.[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _______.[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _______.[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should ________.[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away fromPart B:Directions:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming into the workforce, but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year.Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of MYM13 an hour that rises to MYM17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and th e arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really wa nt to live their lives,” she says.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15 points）My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all！So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course "Fashion Media &Promotion."Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1) accept the invitation, and2) introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead.Don’t write your address. （10 points）Part B48. Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: CADAB6 - 10: BCADC11-15: CBADC16-20: DABDBSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: ABCDB26-30: BDDCA31-35: CDADA36-40: BDCDB41-45: EAGBFSection III :Translation (15 Points)我一直梦想着能找到一个时尚与出版相结合的工作。
郑州大学2017年翻译硕士MTI考研真题
郑州大学2017年翻译硕士MTI考研真题一、《翻译硕士英语》共100分1.选择题（15×1）2. word-formation（5×2）五个句子，句子挖了个空，然后句末括号内是词汇原形，根据句意写适当形式。
今年新题型！3. 改错（10×1）一篇文章划了十个句子，一句一处错误。
4. 翻译（5×3）一篇文章里划五个句子英译汉。
文章是希拉里败选演讲。
5. 阅读理解（10×2）两篇，一篇五题。
6. 作文。
（30分）Many people think the range of technology today is increasing the gap between poor people and rich people while others hold the opposite view.What do you think?（250词）二、《翻译》共150分1. 10个句子，一个5分。
从去年开始就不考词条了。
2. 英译汉，两篇，共五十分。
第一篇是关于水的，第二篇关于passive solar heating3. 汉译英，两篇，共五十分。
第一篇是关于培训和教育以及它们分别如何服务社会。
第二篇是关于全球一体化的。
往年都是一篇英译汉，一篇汉译英，今年题量增大一点。
三、《百科与应用文写作》共150分1.选择题，（25×2）1.）幸福的家庭都是相似的不幸的家庭各有各的不幸出自哪本书2.）因材施教谁提出来的3.）“无产阶级在这个革命中失去的是锁链，得到的是全世界”是谁提出来的（英文名）4.）下列哪个不是茅盾的作品5.）浩浩汤汤的汤读什么6.）《牡丹亭》作者7.）随风潜入夜润物细无声谁写的8.）李斯，王羲之，颜真卿，苏轼朝代排序9.）王阳明作品10.）泰国什么制度，只记得有总统共和制，总统立宪制，君主立宪制的选项11.）下列哪个缩略词是“转基因食品”12.）下列关于工业革命的表述错误的是13.）选后现代主义时期的两个哲学家14.）关于加拿大制度的表述错误的选项是，参议院，总督什么的15.）下列哪个人没有担任过英国首相（英文名）16.）伊拉克战争哪一年结束17.）关于互联网+的表述18.）“知明而行无过矣”中的“知”代表的是什么19.）国际收支出现逆差时，汇率会出现什么变化20.）2012年联合国可持续发展大会在哪举办21.）下列不属于金砖国家的是22.）下列不属于新能源的是二，应用文（40分）题目:假设国内某位知名学者受邀来郑州大学办一场专题学术讲座，请你写一篇450字通知（不得泄露个人信息）三，作文题目:围绕“富养屋，德养身”，自选角度，写一篇800字议论文。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析2017年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading Comprehension Part ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading toDr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting themedical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, anyThe definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图⽚，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“⼩贝头”注：Beckham是英国⾜球明星有两张照⽚，⼀张照⽚上有⼀位男⼠脸上写着⾜球明星的名字，另⼀张照⽚上有⼀个男⼦在理发，他要求理发师为他设计⼀个⼩贝克汉姆的发型。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案解析
2017年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 tod ay’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of s creens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developme ntD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens29.【答案】C【解析】本题目为具体细节题。
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2017年郑州大学考研指导【郑州大学】基础英语：一、选择题，词义辨析10道，10分，二、15题，30分，三篇阅读，今年的阅读比去年长的多，但是总体不难，可能比专四稍微难些。
三、完型，20小题，10分。
四、15分，汉译英，关于政治的，一般难度。
五、15分，英译汉，关于语言学的，术语较多。
六、作文，20分。
关于大学生到底是参加社团活动好还是只学习好，说明你的看法与原因。
250字。
翻译基础：一、英译中，10题，每题5分，经济，网络，科学方面的特别多，感觉不简单，尤其是科学。
二、一篇中译英，讲的是能不能从黑洞里获取能量的问题，讲了霍金的一些量子物理学理论。
三、中译英，总6段话，关于中华民族文明的。
大概内容有，中华民族文明五千年，是世界文明里重要部分。
近代以来，什么中华民族到了最危险的时候，仁忍志士奋起反抗但次次失败。
中共成立后，领导人民英勇抗争最终胜利。
然后有一段建设中华文明，屹立世界文明之林。
各民族和睦相处，团结，中华民族怎样怎样……有一段是中国人民想要更怎样更怎样更怎样（更高收入，更好社保，更美环境等等一大堆，积累的词条能用上咯）最后一段是我们的责任要怎样，展望未来。
这篇虽然长，但总体难度还行吧，比去年的利与义简单一些。
主要还是要多关注政治方面的报道文章，才能更好把握。
百科：一、选择题，这次出的中国文学方面的蛮多，印象里大概得有四五题那样吧，中国地理，世界历史，世界文化，音乐，美术，政治，经济，科学，中国法律，外国国家概况，翻译理论等都会涉及一两题。
1、下面哪句不是出自论语？2、给了句诗歌，问描绘的是哪个地方？答案有苏州，扬州，常州，杭州3、下面哪个不是苏轼的作品，有题西林壁，时钟山记，还有个什么记，还有个送友人什么的忘记了。
4、给出了几个作品，请排列出版时间顺序，有《说文解字》《本草纲目》，还有两个忘记了5、《洛神赋图》是誰的作品？顾恺之6、南水北调中线水源地？丹江口水库7、有个戏剧忘记名字了，是谁的作品？答案里茅盾，郭沫若，巴金，老舍。
8、钢琴诗人是谁？肖邦9、西方哲学先哲第一人是誰？苏格拉底10、古希腊物质匮乏，但是什么丰富？选项里，文化，精神，文化与精神11、爱因斯坦，相对论12、大概意思说诗歌是文学的很高境界，这评论出自誰，选项里雪莱，海涅，13、中国法律面前人人平等，是指？十八岁以上？拥有中国国籍？中国公民？还是中国境内人？14经济金融上什么什么系统性的哪个……投资风险，市场风险，等。
15、经济上的一段话，说明什么16、给了一段话，美国州政府权利怎样，地方政府权利什么的，体现了什么？选项里有分权，民主。
17、以下哪个不是加拿大特点？选项有钾资源，不成文宪法，总理由议会提名，女王任命，任期五年，还有个什么忘了18、17世纪40年代，英国内战是什么矛盾？议会跟英王，新贵族旧贵族，平民英王19、以下哪个不是翻译目的？给了几句话二、应用文是一篇毕业演讲稿，450字。
三、大作文是命题作文《我眼中的父辈》复试包过请联系育明教育孙老师育明教育孙老师解读：翻译硕士报考院校选择遵循原则随着现阶段的专业硕士越来越受欢迎，以及就业趋势的引导，翻译专业硕士愈加受欢迎。
今天，就为想要报考翻译硕士的同学解析一下翻译硕士的择校问题。
翻译专业硕士专业招生院校截止今年一共有158所学校，这么多的学校我们应该如何选择那?我们认为有以下三个原则，内心召唤;客观衡量自己的实力;综合考察学校的实力。
第一个原则是听从自己内心的召唤：就是在报考前问清楚自己喜欢哪个学校?以后想去哪里就业?哪个学校是我最向往的?因为只有自己喜欢的才会付出全部的心血，去努力得到。
比如你喜欢北京大学，喜欢以后留在北京发展，那你可能就要付出比考其他学校的考生更多的努力才可以达到自己的目标。
第二个原则是客观衡量自身的实力，人都有梦想，但是如果不顾自身能力的梦想那是妄想。
同时也不能一味的求稳妥的妄自菲薄。
所以我们建议考生选择的学校要“蹦一下可以摸得着”而不是“累死都够不到”或者“伸手可得”学校。
第三个原则是考察学校的综合实力，包括它在翻译界的科研实力、学术资源、人脉资源、区位优势等。
这也是很重要的。
比如上海外国语大学在上海地区是绝对的老大，学生有很高的社会美誉度，就业比较容易，但是到了北京，则北京外国语大学的学生才更受欢迎。
在对学校的认识上，需要注意如下几点：(一)批次划分仅与招考院校申报翻译硕士专业项目、教育部高等教育司翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)教育指导委员会审批先后顺序有关，与院校翻译硕士师资实力无直接关系。
第二、三批院校在第一批试点院校积累的丰富经验上开设翻译硕士专业，往往具有更大的优势，因此同学们在选择招考院校时，不要将批次作为唯一的参考项。
(二)根据我国高等国民教育序列划分和158所翻译硕士招考院校实际，可将翻译硕士招考院校分为综合类、专门类两大类，综合类下设大综合(国家级院校、省(自治区、直辖市)院校、市级院校)，小综合(师范类院校、民族类院校);专门类下设文史大类(语言类、外交类、政法类院校)，理工大类(理工类、科技类、财经类、交通类、工业类、石油地质类、海事类、航空航天类、农林类、电力类、科研院所类)。
同学们在选择招考院校时要注意区分不同类别的院校在翻译硕士招考模式、考试题型及内容等的区别，并结合自身兴趣、特长与应试能力实际，综合选取合适的招考院校。
(三)从2007年9月翻译硕士专业学位设立至今的招考情况看，不同类别的招考院校在招考模式、考试题型及内容上有一定区别。
根据对2011年37所翻译硕士招考院校考试类型的统计发现，理工大类院校考试内容涉及理工内容，文史大类院校则偏重文史内容，各专门院校考试内容更有专业性趋向。
总体上看，专业特色还是十分明显的。
二、158所招考院校中含34所自主划线学校，同学们在考虑硕士研究生全国统一考试初试国家分数线(以下简称“国家线”)院校和自主划线院校时，要把握如下几点：(一)自主划线院校在复试分数线制定方面拥有自主权，从2010、2011年全国58所翻译硕士招考院校复试分数线统计情况来看，除极个别自主划线院校高出国家线较多外，其余自主划线院校分数线普遍低于所在区国家线。
在国家线“强势走高”的情况下，自主划线院校就成为了同学们获取复试资格的一道“生命保障线”。
(二)自出划线院校翻译硕士命题与国家线院校略有不同，更突出院校特色和专业特色。
由于分数线划定权已批准下放至该高校，因此该高校命题与自主划线一致，具有更加鲜明的“自主特色”，同学们在报考这类院校时，不要盲目追求“分数差”，而应该从自身实际出发，选择合适的招考院校。
三、158所翻译硕士招考院校中，有130多所指定或部分指定了参考数目。
参考书目的选择也成为同学们选择招考院校的又一重要指标(一)参考书目反映了一个院校的学术研究水平、研究方向、学术合作领域、合作方向，也反映了招考院校的命题方向，因此同学们要在充分了解参考书目的基础上，做出合理的、有利于报考的选择(二)对于没有指定参考书目的院校，可以采取“参考书目高频法”，即根据目前招考院校大量或普遍采用的参考用书，适当选择作为备考教材四、翻译硕士招考院校的招生人数、招收翻译语种(英、法、德、西、日、葡、朝等)、口笔译方向也是一项重要指标，同学们可认真阅读各参考院校的招生简章。
五，最后一点，部分招考院校在复试阶段加试第二外语听力或口笔译，在初始阶段会有第二外语的部分试题或内容，以小语种为特色的招考院校可能会在一定情况下压缩英语翻译硕士比例。
请同学们特别是第二外语基础较为薄弱的同学注意，在选择招考院校时不要轻易“触碰雷区”。
育明教育规划复习全程第一轮：零基础复习阶段(-2015年6月)本阶段主要是对翻译理论的流派有一个大体上的了解，形成一个总体的印象。
对各本参考书有个系统性的了解，弄清每本书的章节分布情况，内在逻辑结构，重点章节所在等，但不要求记住。
1)学习目标目标1：了解参考书目中基本的翻译流派和翻译理论目标2：掌握专业技能、培养兴趣爱好，基本了解改专业的知识框架和理念，为下一阶段的复习夯实基础;平时多关注北京周报、China Daily等了解社会热点和动向，学会运用所学知识分析社会问题。
2)学习任务①泛读书目，建构翻译的理论框架。
②学习每本教材，需在结合自己的理解绘制知识理论框架图构，建知识体系。
③学生遇到不理解的问题及时记录，上报教务老师，并与教务教师沟通请教。
④扩展知识面所需时政新闻。
⑤综合练习：检测前一阶段学习效果配有参考答案自测。
⑥不要求记忆只要求理解。
3)注意事项①学习任务中所说的“一遍”不一定是指仅看一次书，某些难点多的章节可能要反复看几遍才能彻底理解通过。
②本阶段学习重在理解，不需强制记忆，但一定要全面。
③每本书每章节看完后最好自己能闭上书后列一个提纲，以此回忆内容梗概，也方便以后看着提纲进行提醒式记忆。
④看进度，卡时间。
防止看书太慢，遇到弄不懂的问题，要及时请教专业咨询师。
第二轮：一阶-基础阶段(2015年7月-2015年9月)本阶段主要用进一步深入了解翻译理论，对参考书完成第一次的阅读，并开始找出重点和考点，形成知识系统。
同时每周练习一篇老师提供的翻译材料，了解翻译评分的要求。
加强对时政的关注和了解。
1)学习目标具体指定或非指定相关参考书目(据所报考院校为准)2)学习任务对参考书进行深入和全面的总结，列出考点和重点，同时多练习相关翻译材料，了解翻译评分的要求，提高翻译技能。
加强对时政的关注和了解。
同时阅读有关英汉对照。
3)注意事项①注意理解记忆参考书中的概念、原理。
②将书中可能考到的问答、论述等内容做笔头整理。
③将全书的重点归纳成系统性的知识点，加深印象，及对知识更加系统的理解。
第三轮：二阶-强化提高阶段(2015年9月-2015年10月)本阶段，完成最后一本指定书目的阅读，并对重点进行总结和归纳。
一定要多做翻译，多看翻译文章，制定周和日的阅读和翻译计划。
1)新大纲复习计划新大纲一般在9月中旬出台，具体复习会根据今年新大纲，编写重难点知识讲义。
要根据基础阶段的复习安排把参考书的知识点进行逐一突破。
这时，完成最后一本指定书目的阅读，并对重点进行总结和归纳。
专攻文言文翻译，每周进行一次文言文翻译，并且每天读一篇文言文翻译。
2)巩固计划强化阶段要多做翻译，多看翻译文章，加强翻译技能始终非常重要。
第四轮：三阶-冲刺阶段(2015年11月-2015年12月中旬)总结所有重点知识点，包括重点概念、理论等，查漏补缺。
温习专业课和历年真题，做专业课模拟试题。
1)学习目标进一步完善翻译理论的框架，提高翻译技能。
2)学习任务总结三本参考书，将其中的重点反复记忆和背诵，做到熟记于心，总结平常翻译中常遇到的问题，尽量在翻译中避免，最后再进行两次的翻译训练。
3)注意事项参考书回归;历年真题回归;专业课比较回归;模拟考场测试。