谈英语中虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气在从句中的用法
虚拟语气在从句中的用法1.主语从句中的用法(1)在以 it 为形式主语的复合句中,虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等,谓语动词用 should be 型或 be 型虚拟式,在美国英语中常用be 型虚拟式。
如:It ’ s natural that she should do so.她这么做是很自然的事。
It is essential that we should tell her the news.我们有必要告诉她这个消息。
It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resources.对我们来说,充分利用我国的矿产资源是重要的。
It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory.奇怪的是实验结果竟然如此令人不满意。
It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。
It was arranged that Mr Sam should go and help Bettie.他们作了安排,由萨姆先生去帮助贝蒂。
(2) 主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态,常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled ,proposed, recommended, requested, decided, etc.) that...句型中。
It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题。
It is vital that he should be warned before it is too late.在还不太晚的时候警告他是非常必要的。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识(一)什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设(情感),也是一种语气(mood)的表现形式,表明说话的目的和意图。
(语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气)虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况,即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子,"If I were you"因为我不可能是你,这是一种不可能存在的事实,所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系:一是表示与事实相反的,或者是假象的情形,通常由if引导,叫做虚拟条件句;另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气,表示建议,命令或者要求等语气,类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
(二)虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反:If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
(但我没有)与将来事实相反:If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作,我会是另一种做法。
(言外之意不是我做这个工作,用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低)与过去事实相反:If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况,他早就通知我们了。
(所以没事发生)它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下,从句的谓语动词用原形,主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气(比较官方,正式,大气的说法,口语很少使用)If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法,这是不能接受的。
②if可以省略,但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
英语虚拟语气类型用法
二、虚拟语气的判断:1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。
if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。
假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
其形式分为以下三种:(1) 与过去事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。
例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。
(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
例如:If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。
(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should(would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
例如:If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
(1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。
A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。
例如:I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。
B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。
例如:I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
英语语法讲解之——虚拟语气
虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功!I.状语从句中的虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为:从句:If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为:从句:If + 主语+ had +动词的过去分词+ ……主句:主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +动词的过去分词+……If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。
If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time.要是没有你们的帮忙,我就不会按时完成了这项工作。
英语虚拟语气的用法归纳表
英语虚拟语气的用法归纳表一、引言在英语中,虚拟语气是一种表达假设、建议、要求、愿望、猜测、怀疑等语意的特殊语法形式。
它通过动词的形式来表示与现实相反的情况或者说话人的主观愿望。
本表格旨在帮助读者系统地理解和掌握英语虚拟语气的用法。
二、虚拟语气的基本形式虚拟语气主要用于以下从句中:1. 宾语从句2. 状语从句(如:if 引导的条件状语从句和命令/建议/请求的语气)3. 主语从句(某些类型的名词从句)常见的虚拟语气形式包括:would/could/might + 动词原形(过去式),should + 动词原形,were to + 动词原形等。
三、用法归纳1. 在建议、请求、命令等语气中,通常使用would + 动词原形或should + 动词原形。
例如:I would like to invite you to join our party. (我建议你们参加我们的聚会。
)We should go out for a walk after work. (我们下班后应该出去散步。
)2. 在对未发生的情况进行猜测时,通常使用if + 主语 + were to + 动词原形。
例如:If they were to accept our proposal,we would negotiate further. (如果他们接受我们的提议,我们会进一步谈判。
)If I were you,I would take a vacation before making a decision. (如果我是你,我就会在做出决定前先休息一下。
)3. 在表达强烈的建议或愿望时,通常使用过去时态的动词(如:should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形)。
例如:You should take immediate action to solve the problem. (你应该立即采取行动解决问题。
)Were it not for your help,we would have failed. (如果没有你的帮助,我们就会失败。
英语语法:虚拟语气归纳整理
虚拟语气一、语气的分类语气概述:语气,跟失态和语态一样,也是动词的一种形式,表明说话者的意图、态度和目的。
英语中有三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气:用来陈述事实或提出想法,包括肯定、否定例:Recent pressure at work may account for his behaviour.他的行为也许是最近的工作压力导致的。
2.祈使语气:表明说话人提出请求、命令或劝告等例:Calm down and tell me what happened.冷静点儿,告诉我发生了什么事。
祈使语气也可用在并列句中表示条件Work hard and you will succeed.好好干,你会成功的。
H e quick or you’ll be late.快点儿,否则你会迟到。
3.虚拟语气:表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、请求、命令;有时是一种非真实的假设,与事实不符或相反的情况例:If had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news.我如果昨天见到他,就会把这个消息告诉他了。
二、虚拟语气的用法(一)虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1.虚拟语气主要用在虚拟条件中,表示根本不存在的情况或可能很小的假设虚拟语气用于if条件句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式如下:——与现在事实相反:过去式(be一般用were)should/ would/could/might+动词原形——与过去事实相反:had+过去分词should/ would/ could/ might have +过去分词——与将来事实相反:过去式(be一般用were)/should + 动词原形/ were to + 动词原形should/ would/ could/might + 动词原形例:If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer.我如果有足够的钱,会为自己买一台电脑。
英语语法:虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气的用法一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。
表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)例:1) I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。
2) I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.但愿北京全年是秋天。
表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had+过去分词”例:1) I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。
2) He wishes he had not lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。
表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would+动词原形”注意:主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。
例:1)I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
2)I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻来。
2. 在一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order, command),三个建议(suggest, advice, propose),四个要求(ask, demand request, require)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”,表示建议、要求、命令等。
例:1) I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建议马上动身。
2) The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes学生们坚持要多上英语课。
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气主要用在虚拟条件句中,表示根本不存在的情况或可能性很小的假设。
表示对不同时间的假设时,从句的谓语和主语中的谓语的构成是不同的。
有如下几种情况:(一)If条件句中的虚拟语气例句:1)If we had had enough rain last year ,we could have gained a good harvest.句意:如果去年雨水充足的话,我们可能会有一个好收成。
(与过去事实相反)2)If I should see/were to see/saw him tomorrow ,I would invite him .句意:如果我明天见到他,我会邀请他到家里来。
(与将来事实相反)3)If I had enough moneny,I would buy myself a computer.句意:如果我有足够多的钱,群殴讲自己买一台电脑。
(与过去事实相反)(二)主语+ wish + 宾语从句wish+ 宾语从句:现在:过去时(did/were)过去:过去完成时(had done)将来:would/could/might+V.例句:1)I wish I had a car so that I could go home every day句意:希望我有一辆车,这样,我可以回家的每一天2)The program was wonderful. I wish I had seen it.句意:节目很精彩。
我希望我能看到它。
3)Tomorrow is my birthday. I wish you would come to my party.句意:明天就是我的生日。
希望你能来参加我的聚会。
(三)名词性从句的虚拟语气(一二三四)一个坚持:insist两个命令:order, command三个建议:advise, suggest, propose四个要求:demand , require, request, urge虚拟语气即:(should) do,表示坚持、命令、建议、要求某人去做某事。
虚拟语气
7)省去结果主句的非真实条件句 非真实条件句如省去主句,常表示一种不可能 实现的愿望。这种条件句常用if only来引导。如: If only the bus had arrived on. 当时车准时到就好了。 If only I would go to see the movie tomorrow. 我要是明天能去看电影就好了。
4 I wish that you ___ such a bad headache, otherwise I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have 答案:C
2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句 虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的非真实条件 句中时,条件从句的谓语动词用had+过去分词, 结果主句的谓语动词用should(第一人称)或would (第二、三人称)+have+过去分词如: If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food. 要是有人警告过他,他就不会吃那个食物了。 If you had obeyed the order, the disaster could not have happened. 如果你服从命令的话,灾难就不会发生了。
If you had practiced speaking English every day, you would speak English well enough. 如果你当初每天都练习说英语的话,你的 英语就会说得很好。 (从句动作指的是过去,主句指的是现在的 情况)
5)虚拟条件句的倒装 在书面语中,虚拟条件句部分如果含有 were, should,或had,可将if省略,再把 were, should或had移到从句句首,实行倒 装。如: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 如果下雨,庄稼就有救了。 =If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
英语虚拟语气三种时态
英语虚拟语气三种时态
虚拟语气在英语语法中是一个非常重要且常见的概念,它用来表达
与事实相反、假设情况或者对未来的猜测。
虚拟语气主要涉及三种时态:过去时的虚拟语气、现在时的虚拟语气和将来时的虚拟语气。
过去时的虚拟语气用于表达与过去事实相反的假设情况。
在过去时
的虚拟语气中,主句动词要用过去时的虚拟形式(通常是动词的过去
完成时形式),而从句动词则要用过去完成时。
例如:If I had known the truth, I would have told you.(如果我当时知道真相,我会告诉你的。
)
现在时的虚拟语气用于表达对现在事实的怀疑、愿望或建议。
在现
在时的虚拟语气中,主句动词要用过去式的虚拟形式(通常是动词的
过去式形式),而从句动词则要用一般现在时。
例如:If I were you, I would talk to him.(如果我是你,我会和他谈谈。
)
将来时的虚拟语气用于表达对将来事实的怀疑、愿望或假设。
在将
来时的虚拟语气中,主句和从句的动词都要用过去时的虚拟形式(通
常是情态动词would加动词原形)。
例如:If it rained tomorrow, we would have to cancel the picnic.(如果明天下雨,我们将不得不取消野
餐活动。
)
总的来说,虚拟语气是用来表达与事实相反、假设情况或者未来的
猜测。
掌握英语虚拟语气的三种时态是提高英语语法水平的重要一步,希望通过本文的介绍可以帮助您更好地理解和运用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气讲义(15个句式)
虚拟语气讲义1.虚拟语气句型1If + were/ did/ (动词的过去式), 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do 。
(表示对现在的假设)eg. If I were you, I would not be so proud . 如果我是你,我不会如此自负.eg. I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others 我没有手机,如果我有手机的话,和别人联系就方便的多了。
eg. If I were in your position, I would think better of it .如果我处在你现在的境地,我会重新考虑然后放弃。
2. 虚拟语气句型2If + had done, 主语+would/ might/ should / could + have done表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设。
eg. What a pity it is that you didn’t attended the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.真遗憾你昨天没有去听音乐会。
如果你去了,你就会见到那位名歌手。
eg. Anyone in his position would have done the same= If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same.3. 虚拟语气句型3If + were/ did(动词过去式)/should/ were to do , 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do (表示对将来的假设).eg. If he should refuse (= if he were to refuse = if he refused ), it wouldn’t matter万一他拒绝了. 那也没有什么关系.eg. If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance e*amination, what would you do"万一你高考不中,你该怎么办?4. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,如果出现有were, had, should,可省去if,可将主语与这些词倒装,构成虚拟倒装句。
[高考英语]英语动词虚拟语气用法详解
动词的语气—虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气:语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类:(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:We are not ready. 我们没准备好。
What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如: Open the door, please。
请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你,我就学英语了。
May you succeed! 祝您成功!二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。
)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might +have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式,should + 动词原形,were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注: 主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should 可用于各种人称。
英语虚拟语气的语法归纳
英语虚拟语气的语法归纳虚拟语气是英语语法考试中的重点,那么你掌握了吗?下面是店铺为你整理的英语虚拟语气的语法的相关资料,希望大家喜欢!英语虚拟语气的语法归纳虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。
一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。
虚拟语气suggest用法
虚拟语气suggest用法1. 虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种语法现象,用来表达不实际的假设、要求、建议、猜测、命令等,通常与事实相反或与现实不一致。
虚拟语气不能单独使用,它必须依附于其他词或结构来表达特定的意义。
在英语中,虚拟语气的形式主要是:would/could/might/should + 动词原形。
2. 表达建议表达建议是虚拟语气的常见用法之一。
当我们向他人提出建议时,可以使用虚拟语气来表达自己的建议。
下面是一些常见的表达建议的句型:2.1. 建议使用”should”•You should take a break.(你应该休息一下。
)•It would be a good idea if you could go for a walk.(如果你能出去散散步的话,那会是个好主意。
)•I suggest that you should start a new hobby.(我建议你开始一个新的爱好。
)2.2. 建议使用”could”•You could try to talk to him about the issue.(你可以试着和他谈谈这个问题。
)•Could you please attend the meeting tomorrow?(你能明天参加会议吗?)•I think you could ask for help if you need it.(我认为如果需要的话,你可以寻求帮助。
)3. 虚拟语气的条件句虚拟语气常常与条件句连用,表示与现实相反的假设情况。
条件句分为三种类型:与现在事实相反的虚拟(对现在或未来进行假设)、与过去事实相反的虚拟(对过去进行假设)和与将来事实相反的虚拟(对将来进行假设)。
3.1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反的虚拟语气表示与现在或将来相反的假设情况。
它常由”should/would/could/might + 动词原形”来表示。
- If I were you, I would apologize to her.(如果我是你,我会向她道歉。
高考英语语法专项虚拟语气的用法
语法专项11——虚拟语气的用法【虚拟语气】英语中有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
一、虚拟语气用于条件句中1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+动词原形。
If I were you,I would study hard.2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用had+过去分词;主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice,he would have passed the test.3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或should +动词原形或were to+动词原形;主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+动词原形。
If it were to rain tomorrow,they would not go to the cinema.【帮你归纳】【小叮咛】1)if条件句中只要用了过去的时态就说明该句要使用虚拟语气。
2)if条件句中只出现一个表示与将来事实相反的情态动词should。
3)含有if条件句的虚拟语气中,主句都要用情态动词,且都可理解为过去式。
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法1. 在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。
从句中谓语动词的构成形式为:1)表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。
I wish it were spring now. 我希望现在是春天。
2)表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
I wish he had come yesterday.我希望他昨天能来。
虚拟语气用法知识点总结
虚拟语气用法知识点总结虚拟语气是一种特殊的语法形式,用来表示虚构、假设、愿望、建议或可能性等非现实情况。
在汉语和其他一些语言中,虚拟语气可以通过词汇、语序和语气等方式来表达。
在英语中,虚拟语气主要通过动词的形式和引导词来构成。
本文将对虚拟语气的不同用法进行总结,以便读者更好地理解和运用虚拟语气。
1. 虚拟语气用于表达与现实相反的情况虚拟语气常用于表示与现实相反的假设情况。
主要有以下几种情况:- 虚拟语气用于表示与现在事实相反的情况:与过去事实相反时,使用过去完成时态的虚拟语气;与将来事实相反时,使用"were to"或"should"等模态动词。
- 例子:If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently.(如果我早知道真相,我会采取不同的行动。
)- 例子:If I were you, I would take the job.(如果我是你,我会接受这份工作。
)- 虚拟语气用于表示与过去事实相反的情况:使用过去完成时态的虚拟语气。
- 例子:She wishes she had studied harder when she was in college.(她后悔在大学时没有更努力学习。
)2. 虚拟语气用于表示愿望和建议虚拟语气还常用于表示愿望和建议。
主要有以下几种情况:- 虚拟语气用于表示与现在的愿望:使用"would rather"或"had better"等模态动词。
- 例子:I would rather you came earlier.(我希望你早点来。
)- 例子:You had better be careful.(你最好小心。
)- 虚拟语气用于表示与将来的愿望:使用"would like to"或"wouldlove to"等词组。
英语中虚拟语气在从句中的运用
英语中虚拟语气在从句中的运用
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)在英语中常常用于表达虚拟、假设、
愿望、建议、要求等含义。
下面是虚拟语气在从句中的几种常见运用方式:1.表示假设或条件:
- If I were you, I would apologize to him.(如果我是你,我会
向他道歉。
)
- I wish I knew the answer.(但愿我知道答案。
)
2.表示命令、建议或要求:
- I demand that he tell the truth.(我要求他说出真相。
)
3.表示愿望或请求:
- I wish you were here with me.(但愿你和我在一起。
)
- The professor requested that all students bring their textbooks to class.(教授要求所有学生把教科书带到课堂上。
- We would like that you be present at the meeting.(我们希
望你能出席会议。
)
4.表示可能性或推测:
- It is possible that he be late.(他可能会迟到。
)
- I doubt that he attend the party.(我怀疑他会参加派对。
)
需要注意的是,虚拟语气在现代英语中的使用较为有限,大部分情况
下可以使用实际语气(Indicative Mood)来表达相同的意思。
虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果;条件句中的根1 将来时的条件句中的;如:If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了;If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声;2 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气;如:If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话,它会帮助我们的;If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉;3过去时的条件句中的;如:If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你了;If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生;3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题1当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be时,可用was 代替were;但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中,只能用were;如:Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习;If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会;2 有时,中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待;①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符;如:If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了;②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符;如:If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了;If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了;③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反;如:If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄家会长得更好;If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话,他现在已进了办公室了;3当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时,if 可省略,而将were, should, had等词置于句首;如:Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去;Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的;Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了;4有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断;如:I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了,然而我太忙了;But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢;Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步;5有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情;①省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了;You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了;②省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊;If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊;二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气1在for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:should + 动词原形;并且should 不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入;He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到;2在so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形;如:He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚;He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词;2.让步状语从句中的虚拟语气1在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件从句结构相同;如:Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办;Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他;例如:They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了;He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了;4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气;其虚拟语气的结构为:① should + 原形动词指现在或将来;如:He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气,你竟然对他直呼其名;I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题;② should + 完成式, 指过去;如:I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾,你这次考试竟然失败了;I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊,父亲竟知道我昨天所做的事情;三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.英语中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist坚决要求, order, propose, request, suggest建议表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其的结构为:should + 原形动词;如:例如:I wish she were not married. 我真希望她没结婚;I wish the bus went to the university. 我希望公共汽车能通到大学;I wish I hadn’t wasted so much money.但愿我没浪费这么多钱;注意,从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与wish 的时态无关;比较:I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了;I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了;I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱;I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱;4.英语中,would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟例如:I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影;I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿;We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿;四、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气,其虚拟语其的结构为: should + 动词原形,主句中的谓语动词形式不限;句型:1 It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural...that...2 It is a pity / a shame / no wonder...that...3 It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /... that...4 It worries me that...如:It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要;It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪,他竟没有来;It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面;It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼;五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气英语中,表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时,表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气;其虚拟语气的结构为:should + 动词原形;如:We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议:我们应该请求老师的帮助;He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法:他想上大学;His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些;Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂;六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is high / about time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形;如:It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了;It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了;七、简单句中的虚拟语气1. 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用;其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should + 原形动词;如:Would you mind my shutting the door 我把门关起来你介意吗You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心;I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点;2.表示“祝愿”时,常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”;如:May you have a good journey 祝你一路顺风;May your youth last for ever 祝你青春永驻;3.表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形;如:Long live the Communist Party of China. 中|国|共|产|党|万|岁;God bless us. 上帝保佑;4.习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气;1提出请求或邀请;如:Would you like to have a talk with us this evening 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗Could I use your bike now 我可以用一下你的单车吗2陈述自己的观点或看法;如:I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴;I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你;3提出劝告或建议;如:You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲;You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番;4提出问题;如:Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗5表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气;其虚拟语气的结构为:“情态动词+ have + 过去分词”;如:You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了;You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了;。
初中英语知识点虚拟语气
初中英语知识点虚拟语气虚拟,在汉语中表示一种假设的,不存在的情况,同样,英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
在初中阶段,虚拟语气一般用于下列情况:一、条件状语从句1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如:If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实上我不可能是你)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
(事实上我不知道)2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,从句:主语+had done ,主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done ,例如:If I’d left sooner,I’d have b een on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了) If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)3、与将来事实相反从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do例如:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
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连云港育青外国语学校李老师谈英语中虚拟语气的用法
虚拟,在汉语中表示一种假设的,不存在的情况,同样,英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人
的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事
实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
在初中阶段,虚拟语气一般用于下列情况:
一、条件状语从句
1、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如:
If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实上我不可能是你)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
(事实上我不知道)
2、与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,从句:主语+had done ,主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done,例如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了) If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)
3、与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do
②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do
例如:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他
谈谈。
(事实:来的可能性很小)
注意与说明:对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:
一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;
二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(
表示可能性极小,
表示与将来事实相反的假设);
常译为“万一”)
或“were to+动词原形”(
三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。
如:
I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。
万一明天下雨,就别等我了。
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me.
二、wish 后宾语从句
1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式。
例如:
I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。
(事实:我根本比不上你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done 例如:
I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。
(事实:那时还不知道)
3、表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词:should/would(情态动词)+ 动词原形
I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。
(事实:很难再有
这样的机会了)
常见考法
对于虚拟语气的考查,在单项和完形填空中出现的较多,在阅读理解中,也常会出现虚拟语气的句子。
我们掌握了虚拟语气的用法,会帮助我们更好的理解短文。
典型例题:Mary is ill today. If she _____,she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill,wouldn't be
B. had been ill,wouldn't have been
C. had been ill,should have been
D. hadn't been ill,could be
解析:题干的意思是“ Mary今天病了,如果她没生病,今天她就会去上学了”。
因为第一句说,Mary今天病了,所以本题考查的是与现在情况相反的事情,因之,主句用would、should、could+动词原型,从句用一般过去时。
答案:A
误区提醒
1、在学习虚拟语气的时候,要对过去、现在、将来的虚拟的做出正确的判断。
2、一定要记住,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式,动词be要用were。
典型例题:I ________ him the answer ________ possible,but I was so busy then.
A. could tell,if it had been
B. must have told,were it
C. should have told,had it been
D. should have told,should it be
解析:先分开看此题,由于设空处在主句,所以先看主句,因为由主句看不出题目所表达的
具体时间,所以再看从句,此从句是由but引导的转折句,所表达的时态是一般过去时,意
为“我那时很忙”,所以,主句发生的事情是与过去事情相反的事情,因之,主句用could、should、would+动词原形,从句用过去完成时。
答案:C。