英语15选10练习题

（一）A Nepali teenager has designed a £23 solar panel using human hair.Milan Karki, who is 18 years old and lives in a village in rural Nepal, used human hair to replace silicon, which is a common but ( 1) component of solar panels.By using hair as a ( 2) , Karki said that solar panels can be produced for around £23, a price tag that could be (3) if they were mass-produced.The solar panel works because melanin, the pigment (色素) that gives hair its color, is light (4) and can act as an electrical conductor. Karki was inspired to follow this 5 by a Stephen Hawking book, which ( 6) how to create static energy from hair.The device that Karki has (7 ) is capable of producing 9V or 18W of energy----plenty to ( 8 ) a mobile phone.“Half a kilo of hair can be bought for only 16p in Nepal and whereas a pack of batteries would cost 50p and last a few nights,” according to The Daily Mail.Milan and his four classmates ( 9) made the solar panel as an experiment but the teens are ( 10) it has wide applicability and commercial viability.Karki has now sent out several devices to other districts near his home for testing. He said, “First I wanted to provide elec tricity for my home, then my village. Now I am thinking for the whole world.”A)route B) charge C) important D) expensiveE) declined F) replacement G) explained H) sensitiveI) convinced J) initially K) demonstrated L) simplyM) produced N) halved O) sensibleD F N H A G K B J I(二)Women’s Day marks the role of women in both the past and the present. It was started to 1 the importance of working women and bring their problems to 2 . However, 3 the day is not a one-day agenda. The real challenge lies in the natural flow of feelings----honoring and celebrating womanhood on a particular March 8 only to forget its importance the next day is 4 . In countries like South Africa, the people celebrate the national Women’s day on August 9 every year with a variety of eve nts. Women’s Day on August 9 marks the day, in 1956, when 20,000 women 5 on the Union Buildings in Pretoria to protest against one of the cornerstones of apartheid (种族隔离) -----the passed laws. The countries will nowadays celebrate the month of August, by a ceremony 6 women in politics and decision-making positions, and 7 them certificates of honor. International Women’s Day was commemorated in the United States during the 1910s and 1920s, but then 8 . It was revived during the women’s movement in the 1960s, but without its socialist associations. In 1981, the U. S. Congress passed a 9 establishing National Women’s History Week. Since its founding, the National Women’s History Project has recognized and celebrated the rich and 10 contributions of women to the history and culture of the United States.declined B) celebrating C) paraded D) awardingE) light F) resolution G) marched H) increasinglyI) essentially J) highlight K) disrespectful L) diminishedM) varied N) promoting O) determinationJ E I K G N D A F M（三）Personality is to a large extent inherent----A type parents usually bring about A type 1 . But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very 2 , a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The 3 passionfor making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat 4 , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is 5 harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor 6 that all A youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was 7 , more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as 8 and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors 9 from A type stock. B’s are important and should be 10 .A)encouraged B) education C) positively D) questionableE) disadvantageous F) lessened G) exclusively H) increasedI) sensitivity J) specialty K) offspring L) natureM) desirable N) current O) possibleK L N D C M F I G A(四)Low levels of literacy and numeracy have a damaging impact on almost every aspect of adult life, according to a survey published yesterday, which offers evidence of a developing underclass. Tests and interviews with hundreds of people born in a single week in 1958 1 illustrated the handicap of educational underachievement. The effects were seen in unemployment, low incomes, depression and social 2 .Those who left school at 16 with poor basic skills had been employed for up to four years less than good readers at the time they reached 37. Professor John Bynner of City University, who 3 out the research, said that today’s 4 people would face even greater problems because the supply of manual jobs had 5 up. Poor readers were twice as likely to be on a low 6 and four times as likely to live in a household where neither partner worked. Women in this position were five times as likely to be classified as 7 , while both sexes tended to feel they had no control over their lives, and to be 8 of others. Those with low literacy and numeracy skills were seldom involved in any 9 organization and much less likely than others to have 10 in a general election. There had been no improvement in the level of interviewees since the sample was surveyed at the age of 21.A) activity B) carried C) wage D) driedE) kept F) vividly G) clearly H) communityI) inactivity J) respectful K) unqualified L) depressedM) doubtful N) idle O) votedG I B K D C L M H O(五)Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people 1 believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal 2 taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more 3 term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as 4 misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive; an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be 5 , coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable andapparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce 6 effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the 7 effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is 8 .Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens (致幻剂). Stimulants initially speed up or 9 the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect onperception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations (幻觉). These are the substances often called psychedelic (迷幻药) (from the Greek word meaning “mind manifesting”) because they seemed to radically 10 one's state of consciousness.A) destroy B) harmfully C) mistakenly D) certainlyE) sociable F) alter G) chemical H) stimulusI) negative J) activate K) neutral L) desiredM) popular N) discontinued O) disappearedC G K B E I L N J F(六)The majority of people, about nine out of ten, are right-handed. Up until recently, people who were left-handed were considered to be 1 , and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-handedness is generally 2 , but it is still a 3 in a world where most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and 4 are still designed for right-handed people.In sports, by 5 , doing things with the left hand or foot, is often an advantage. Throwing, kicking, punching or batting from the “wrong” side may result in throwing off many opponents who are more 6 to dealing with the majority of players who are right-handed. This is why, in many games at a professional level, a higher proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.The word “right” in many languages means “correct” or is 7 with lawfulness, whereas the word associated with “left”, such as “sinister”, generally have 8 associations. Moreover, among a number of primitive peoples there is a close association between death and left hand.In the past, in most Western societies, children were often forced to use their right hands, 9 to write with. In some cases the left hand was 10 behind the child’s back so it could not be used. If, in the future, they are allowed to choose, they will certainly be more left-handers, and probably fewer people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use their right hands.A) tied B) abnormal C) comparison D) contrastE) accustomed F) negative G) connected H) minorityI) implements J) illegal K) especially L) speciallyM) disadvantage N) opposed O) acceptedB O M I D E G F K A（七）Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.[A] positive[B] additional[C] duration[D] effectivee[E] shed [F] physical[G] food [H] functions [I] participated [J] rely [K] cut [L] repeatedly[M] uses [N] little [O] obviousE F A H B C G D L I(八)A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you 47 the two to do something for your local 48 ?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to 49 it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.50 , a biodegradable (生物可降解的)mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage 51 to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other 52 and can be hard or soft. and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic 53 . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it 54 nitrates(硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small 55 window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away."We've only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant 56 to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time," said one scientist.[A] Recently [B] consumer [C] chemical [D] environment [E] combine[F] transparent [G] buy [H] companion [I] experts [J] forms [K] bury[L] paper [M] paper [N] plastic [O] UsuallyE O K A B N C GF I(九)In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages47 using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48 , of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50 , what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51 at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students52 a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53 for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also 54 certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can55 . It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56 where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.A)field B)possess C)considered D)express E)offer F)create G)requiredH)of I)emerge J)make K)lack L)however M)scope N)cause O)thatH C F L O K G J EA(十)Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 47 lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to 48 rock music.The term “rock and roll”now covers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 49 rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.50 , defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.Classic rock and roll is 51 played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 52 rock and roll styles of the late 1940s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally 53 or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s.The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a 54 social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, 55 lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially 56 backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply “rock music”or “rock”.A) define I) followed B) characteristic J) modernC) unique K) explanation D) roots L) ConverselyE) usually M) replaced F) Basically N) prepareG) earliest O) seldoH) influencedD J A LE G M C H B(十一)The American patent system, provided for in the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would describe the invention, both in writing and with drawings, and __47__ the description with a model to a government official. If the invention was judged to be ___48__ and beneficial, the official would give the inventor a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could ___49__ their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. The government would not ___50__ any other patent for the same idea, and the inventor could ___51__ anyone of using the patented idea with- out paying the owner of the patent for ___52__ to use it.A useful patent meant that the inventor could make a lot of money. In exchange for this gover- nmental protection, the government published the patent __53___ , which had to provide enough information so that other people could understand the invention—thus adding to the general__54_technological knowledge. And at the end of the 14 years, anyone could use the invention for__55__.The idea behind the patent system was twofold: it would increase the amount of technology, by providing a way for people to make money out of new ideas, and it would make new technology widely available, by publicizing ideas that might ___56__ be kept as trade secrets.A) license I ) specifications B) however J ) yield C) accuse K) issue D) submit L) chargeE) convenient M) available F) permission N) otherwise G) enable O) original H) freeD O A K C F I M H N(十二)A pioneering study into the effects of a mother’s fat intake during pregnancy on her child’s health when he or she grows up is being launched at the University of Southampton.The research will investigate whether the type and amount of fat a mother eats during pregnancy 11 the risk of heart disease, 12 high blood pressure, in her child when he or she reaches adulthood.Although the link between high fat diets and high blood pressure is well known, there has been 13 research into the connection between a woman’s diet and her child’s risk of hypertension (高血压).The study, which is 14 by the British Heart Foundation, is led by Dr Graham Burdge, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Science.The award of this 15 grant is part of a ￡3.5 million boost for heart research in the UK by the British Heart Foundation. The charity’s special grants are made to fund research into the causes, prevention, 16 and treatment of heart disease, the UK’s biggest killer.Dr Burdge says, “The type and amount of fat in our diet has 17 during the past 50 years. Pregnant women 18 the same diet as the rest of us, but we know very little about the 19 of these changes in dietary (饮食的) fat on the development and future health of their children. We hope that the 20 of this study will help to develop recommendations for pregnant women about how much fat they should eat and what types of fat they should avoid.”A) funded I) consume B) diagnosis J) coveringC) including K) influences D) founded L) notoriousE) changed M) effects F) enough N) affectsG) findings O) prestigious H) limitedK C H A O B E I M G(十三)It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 47 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 48 sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 52 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 53 device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 54 could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 55 accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.[A] allow [B] instance[C] blank[D] industrial[E] frustrating[F] items[G] indicating[H] highlight [I] user [J] complicated [K] white[L] annoying [M] successful [N] article [O] simpleE I AF A D J B H G(十四)Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated ____47 ___? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date.Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole ____48 ___ is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always '____49 ___' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(削弱) away at your self-image."But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people ____50 ___ themselves. They ____51 ___ "assertiveness training" courses-At for short. In the A T courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more ____52 ___ without hurting other people.In one way. learning to speak out is to ____53 ___ fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But A T uses an even stronger ____54 ___-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tellhow he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to ____55 ___ your own good sense.You go by the other person's ____56___ . But, why should you? A T says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.[A] doubt [I] peace [B] active [J] demand [C] system [K] ask[D] offer [L] superior [E] unfairly [M] overcome[F] unfortunately[N] confidence[G] motive [O] roar [H] imageE C L H O B M G A J(十五)Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian （百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.[A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character[H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose[O]ordinaryB F K I A N L H O E(十六)The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile. Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consistingJ O C A H M E F L I。