新视野大学英语2(第二版)课文翻译
新视野英语第二版第二册课后翻译
Unit 11.?房子着火了，里面的人面临着死亡的危险。
(in danger of)The house was on fireand the people inside were in danger of losing their lives.2.?他买不起这么好的房子。
(afford to do)He cannot afford tobuy such a nice house.3.?这个主意听起来也许有些怪，不过还真有点道理。
(make sense)Although this idea maysound strange, it does make sense.4.?约翰看起来是个好人。
即便如此，我还是不信任他。
(even so)John seems (to be) anice person. Even so, I don’t trust him.5. Even though thefirst McDonald’s restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it stillbecame a cultural symbol.虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。
6. These people areangry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with theirmemories.这些人想到餐馆连同他们的美好回忆一起将被摧毁，感到很气愤。
7. They are using theearthquake as an excuse.他们在利用那次地震作借口。
8. Some think thatMcDona ld’s real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing todo with money.有人认为麦当劳想关闭这家餐馆的真正原因与金钱无关。
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译 Unit 1-Section B
Unit 1Section BCulture ShockDo you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Like many young people who leave home to study in another country, do you think you would have lots of desirable fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity of discovering fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is culture shock. Evidently, at least four essential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur.The first stage is called "the honeymoon". In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending.Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is the "hostility stage". You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called "repression". This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called "regression". This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called "isolation". You would rather be home alone, and you don't want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that's what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called "rejection". With this coping mechanism, you think you don't need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don't try to ask for help.The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called "recovery". In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you don't understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the newcountry. You begin to see that even though the distinctions of the culture are different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate.The last stage of culture shock is called "adjustment". In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.Evidently, culture shock is something you cannot avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it. You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.Words: 753。
新视野大学英语第二版Unit1-7原文+课后翻译
Unit 1 Time-Conscious AmericansAmericans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor."We are slaves to nothing but the clock," it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.A foreigner's first impression of the US is likely to be that everyone is in a rush—often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain appropriate point.Many new arrivals in the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer—especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting "teleconferences" to settle problems not only in this country but also—by satellite—internationally.The US is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say "Thank you", to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, given added weight by the passage of time. In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving".Unit 2 Learning the Olympic Standard for LoveNikolai Petrovich Anikin was not half as intimidating as I had imagined he would be. No, this surely was not the ex-Soviet coach my father had shipped me out to meet.But Nikolai he was, Petrovich and all. He invited me inside and sat down on the couch, patting the blanket next to him to get me to sit next to him. I was so nervous in his presence."You are young," he began in his Russian-style English. "If you like to try for Olympic Games, I guess you will be able to do this. Nagano Olympics too soon for you, but for 2002 in Salt Lake City, you could be ready.""Yes, why not?" he replied to the shocked look on my face. I was a promising amateur skier, but by no means the top skier in the country. "Of course, there will be many hard training sessions, and you will cry, but you will improve."To be sure, there were countless training sessions full of pain and more than a few tears, but in the five years that followed I could always count on being encouraged by Nikolai's amusing stories and sense of humor."My friends, they go in the movies, they go in the dance, they go out with girls," he would start. "But I," he would continue, lowering his voice, "I am practice, practice, practice in the stadium. And by the next year, I had cut 1-1/2 minutes off my time in the 15-kilometer race!"My friends asked me, 'Nikolai, how did you do it?' And I replied, 'You go in the movies, you go in the dance, you go out with girls, but I am practice, practice, practice.'Here the story usually ended, but on one occasion, which we later learned was his 25th wedding anniversary, he stood proudly in a worn woolen sweater and smiled and whispered, "And I tell you, I am 26 years old before I ever kiss a girl! She was the woman I later marry."Romantic and otherwise, Nikolai knew love. His consistent good humor, quiet gratitude, perceptivity, and sincerity set an Olympic standard for love that I continue to reach for, even though my skiing days are over.Still, he never babied me. One February day I had a massive headache and felt quite fatigued. I came upon him in a clearing, and after approximately 15 minutes of striding into the cold breeze over the white powder to catch him, I fussed, "Oh, Nikolai, I feel like I am going to die.""When you are a hundred years old, everybody dies," he said, indifferent to my pain. "But now," he continued firmly. "Now must be ski, ski, ski."And, on skis, I did what he said. On other matters, though, I was rebellious. Once, he packed 10 of us into a Finnish bachelor's tiny home for a low-budget ski camp. We awoke the first morning to find Nikolai making breakfast and then made quick work with our spoons while sitting on makeshift chairs around a tiny card table. When we were finished, Nikolai stacked the sticky bowls in front of my sole female teammate and me, asserting, "Now, girls do dishes!"I threw my napkin on the floor and swore at him, "Ask the damn boys! This is unfair." He never asked this of me again, nor did he take much notice of my outburst. He saved his passion for skiing.When coaching, he would sing out his instructions keeping rhythm with our stride: "Yes, yes, one-two-three, one-two-three." A dear lady friend of my grandfather, after viewing a copy of a video of me training with Nikolai, asked, "Does he also teach dance?"In training, I worked without rest to correct mistakes that Nikolai pointed out and I asked after each pass if it was better."Yes, it's OK. But the faster knee down, the better.""But is it fast enough?" I'd persist.Finally he would frown and say, "Billion times you make motion—then be perfect," reminding me in an I've-told-you-a-billion-times tone, "You must be patient."Nikolai's patience and my hard work earned me a fourth-place national ranking heading into the pre-Olympic season, but then I missed the cut for the 2002 Olympics.Last summer, I returned to visit Nikolai. He made me tea... and did the dishes! We talked while sitting on his couch. Missing the Olympic Team the previous year had made me pause and reflect on what I had gained—not the least of which was a quiet, indissoluble bond with a short man in a tropical shirt.Nikolai taught me to have the courage, heart, and discipline to persist, even if it takes a billion tries. He taught me to be thankful in advance for a century of life on earth, and to remind myself every day that despite the challenges at hand, "Now must be love, love, love."Unit3Marriage Across the NationsGail and I imagined a quiet wedding. During our two years together we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. But through it all we had honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each other's characters.Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so involved with the racial issue, and I was surprised that she seemed to forget the subtler forms of racial hatred in American society.Gail and I had no illusions about what the future held for us as a married, mixed couple in America. The continual source of our strength was our mutual trust and respect.We wanted to avoid the mistake made by many couples of marrying for the wrong reasons, and only finding out ten, twenty, or thirty years later that they were incompatible, that they hardly took the time to know each other, that they overlooked serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. That point was emphasized by the fact that Gail's parents, after thirty-five years of marriage, were going through a bitter and painful divorce, which had destroyed Gail and for a time had a negative effect on our budding relationship.When Gail spread the news of our wedding plans to her family she met with some resistance. Her mother, Deborah, all along had been supportive of our relationship, and even joked about when we were going to get married so she could have grandchildren. Instead of congratulations upon hearing our news, Deborah counseled Gail to be really sure she was doing the right thing."So it was all right for me to date him, but it's wrong for me to marry him. Is his color the problem, Mom?" Gail subsequently told me she had asked her mother."To start with I must admit that at first I harbored reservations about a mixed marriage, prejudices you might even call them. But when I met Mark I found him a charming and intelligent young guy. Any mother would be proud to have him for a son-in-law. So,color has nothing to do with it. Yes, my friends talk. Some even express shock at what you're doing. But they live in a different world. So you see, Mark's color is not the problem. My biggest worry is that you may be marrying Mark for the same wrong reasons that I married your father. When we met I saw him as my beloved, intelligent, charming, and caring. It was all so new, all so exciting, and we both thought, on the surface at least, that ours was an ideal marriage with every indication that it would last forever. I realized only later that I didn't know my beloved, your father, very well when we married.""But Mark and I have been together more than two years," Gail railed. "We've been through so much together. We've seen each other at our worst many times. I'm sure that time will only confirm what we feel deeply about each other.""You may be right. But I still think that waiting won't hurt. You're only twenty-five."Gail's father, David, whom I had not yet met personally, approached our decision with a father-knows-best attitude. He basically asked the same questions as Gail's mother: "Why the haste? Who is this Mark? What's his citizenship status?" And when he learned of my problems with the Citizenship department, he immediately suspected that I was marrying his daughter in order to remain in the United States."But Dad, that's harsh," Gail said."Then why the rush? Buy time, buy time," he remarked repeatedly."Mark has had problems with citizenship before and has always taken care of them himself," Gail defended." In fact, he made it very clear when we were discussing marriage that if I had any doubts about anything, I should not hesitate to cancel our plans."Her father proceeded to quote statistics showing that mixed couples had higher divorce rates than couples of the same race and gave examples of mixed couples he had counseled who were having marital difficulties."Have you thought about the hardships your children would go through?" he asked."Dad, are you a racist?""No, of course not. But you have to be realistic.""Maybe our children will have some problems, but whose children don't? But one thing they'll always have: our love and devotion.""That's idealistic. People can be very cruel toward children from mixed marriages.""Dad, we'll worry about that when the time comes. If we had to resolve all doubt before we acted, very little would ever get done.""Remember, it's never too late to change your mind."Unit 4 A Test of True LoveSix minutes to six, said the digital clock over the information desk in Grand Central Station. John Blandford, a tall young army officer, focused his eyesight on the clock to note the exact time. In six minutes he would see the woman who had filled a special place in his life for the past thirteen months, a woman he had never seen, yet whose written words had been with him and had given him strength without fail.Soon after he volunteered for military service, he had received a book from this woman. A letter, which wished him courage and safety, came with the book. He discovered that many of his friends, also in the army, had received the identical book from the woman, Hollis Meynell. And while they all got strength from it, and appreciated her support of their cause, John Blandford was the only person to write Ms. Meynell back. On the day of his departure, to a destination overseas where he would fight in the war, he received her reply. Aboard the cargo ship that was taking him into enemy territory, he stood on the deck and read her letter to him again and again.For thirteen months, she had faithfully written to him. When his letters did not arrive, she wrote anyway, without decrease. During the difficult days of war, her letters nourished him and gave him courage. As long as he received letters from her, he felt as though he could survive. After a short time, he believed he loved her, and she loved him. It was as if fate had brought them together.But when he asked her for a photo, she declined his request. She explained her objection: "If your feelings for me have any reality, any honest basis, what I look like won't matter. Suppose I'm beautiful. I'd always be bothered by the feeling that you loved me for my beauty, and that kind of love would disgust me. Suppose I'm plain. Then I'd always fear you were writing to me only because you were lonely and had no one else. Either way, I would forbid myself from loving you. When you come to New York and you see me, then you can make your decision. Remember, both of us are free to stop or to go on after that—if that's what we choose..."One minute to six... Blandford's heart leaped.A young woman was coming toward him, and he felt a connection with her right away. Her figure was long and thin, her spectacular golden hair lay back in curls from her small ears. Her eyes were blue flowers; her lips had a gentle firmness. In her fancy green suit she was like springtime come alive.He started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she wasn't wearing a rose, and as he moved, a small, warm smile formed on her lips."Going my way, soldier?" she asked.Uncontrollably, he made one step closer to her. Then he saw Hollis Meynell.She was standing almost directly behind the girl, a woman well past forty, and a fossil to his young eyes, her hair sporting patches of gray. She was more than fat; her thick legs shook as they moved. But she wore a red rose on her brown coat.The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away and soon vanished into the fog. Blandford felt as though his heart was being compressed into a small cement ball, so strong was his desire to follow the girl, yet so deep was his longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned and brought warmth to his own; and there she stood. Her pale, fat face was gentle and intelligent; he could see that now. Her gray eyes had a warm, kindly look.Blandford resisted the urge to follow the younger woman, though it was not easy to do so. His fingers held the book she had sent to him before he went off to the war, which was to identify him to Hollis Meynell. This would not be love. However, it would be something precious, something perhaps even less common than love—a friendship for which he had been, and would always be, thankful.He held the book out toward the woman."I'm John Blandford, and you—you are Ms. Meynell. I'm so glad you could meet me. May I take you to dinner?" The woman smiled. "I don't know what this is all about, son," she answered. "That young lady in the green suit—the one who just went by—begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said that if you asked me to go out with you, I should tell you that she's waiting for you in that big restaurant near the highway. She said it was some kind of a test."Unit5 Weeping for My Smoking DaughterMy daughter smokes. While she is doing her homework, her feet on the bench in front of her and her calculator clicking out answ ers to her geometry problems, I am looking at the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand. I pick them up, take t hem into the kitchen, where the light is better, and study them -- they are filtered, for which I am grateful. My heart feels terrible. I wa nt to weep. In fact, I do weep a little, standing there by the stove holding one of the instruments, so white, so precisely rolled, that coul d cause my daughter's death. When she smoked Marlboros and Players I hardened myself against feeling so bad; nobody I knew ever s moked these brands.She doesn't know this, but it was Camels that my father, her grandfather, smoked. But before he smoked cigarettes made by manu facturers -- when he was very young and very poor, with glowing eyes -- he smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled hims elf. I remember the bright-red tobacco tin, with a picture of Queen Victoria's partner, Prince Albert, dressed in a black dress coat and c arrying a cane .By the late forties and early fifties no one rolled his own anymore (and few women smoked) in my hometown of Eatonton, Georg ia. The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys, completely w on over people like my father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes. He never looked as fashionable as Prince Albert, though; he continued to look like a poor, overweight, hard working colored man with too large a family, black, with a very white cigarette stuck i n his mouth.I do not remember when he started to cough. Perhaps it was unnoticeable at first, a little coughing in the morning as he lit his first cigarette upon getting out of bed. By the time I was sixteen, my daughter's age, his breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he cou ld not climb stairs without resting every third or fourth step. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour.My father died from "the poor man's friend", pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low. I doubt he had much lung left at all, after coughing for so many years. He had so little breath that, during his last years, he was always leaning on som ething. I remembered once, at a family reunion, when my daughter was two, that my father picked her up for a minute -- long enough for me to photograph them -- but the effort was obvious. Near the very end of his life, and largely because he had no more lungs, he qu it smoking. He gained a couple of pounds, but by then he was so slim that no one noticed.When I travel to Third World countries I see many people like my father and daughter. There are large advertisement signs directe d at them both: the tough, confident or fashionable older man, the beautiful, "worldly" young woman, both dragging away. In these po or countries, as in American inner cities and on reservations, money that should be spent for food goes instead to the tobacco compani es; over time, people starve themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking their children, eventually killing them selves. I read in the newspaper and in my gardening magazine that the ends of cigarettes are so poisonous that if a baby swallows one, it is likely to die, and that the boiled water from a bunch of them makes an effective insecticide.There is a deep hurt that I feel as a mother. Some days it is a feeling of uselessness. I remember how carefully I ate when I was pr egnant, how patiently I taught my daughter how to cross a street safely. For what, I sometimes wonder; so that she can struggle to brea the through most of her life feeling half her strength, and then die of self-poisoning, as her grandfather did?There is a quotation from a battered women's shelter that I especially like: "Peace on earth begins at home." I believe everything d oes. I think of a quotation for people trying to stop smoking: "Every home is a no smoking zone." Smoking is a form of self-battering that also batters those who must sit by, occasionally joke or complain, and helplessly watch. I realize now that as a child I sat by, throu gh the years, and literally watched my father kill himself: surely one such victory in my family, for the prosperous leaders who own th e tobacco companies, is enoughUnit 6 As His Name Is, So Is He!For her first twenty-four years, she'd been known as Debbie—a name that didn't suit her good looks and elegant manner. "My name has always made me think I should be a cook," she complained. "I just don't feel like a Debbie."One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. "That was the smartest thing I ever did," she says now. "As soon as I stopped calling myself Debbie, I felt more comfortable with myself... and other people started to take me more seriously." Two years after her successful job interview, the former waitress is now a successful magazine editor. Friends and associates call her Lynne.Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie/Lynne's professional achievement—but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. Social scientists say that what you're called can affect your life. Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. "As his name is, so is he." says the Bible, and Webster's Dictionary includes the following definition of name: "a word or words expressing some quality considered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing, often expressing approval or disapproval". Note well "approval or disapproval". For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or charm may be suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before they even meet you.Names become attached to specific images, as anyone who's been called "a plain Jane" or "just an average Joe" can show. The latter name particularly bothers me since my name is Joe, which some think makes me more qualified to be a baseball player than, say, an art critic. Yet, despite this disadvantage, I did manage to become an art critic for a time. Even so, one prominent magazine consistently refused to print "Joe" in my by-line, using my first initials, J. S., instead. I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete.Of course, names with a positive sense can work for you and even encourage new acquaintances. A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive for men. One woman I know turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because "he sounded dull". Several evenings later, she came up to me at a party, pressing for an introduction to a very impressive man; they'd been exchanging glances all evening. "Oh," I said. "You mean Harry." She was ill at ease.Though most of us would like to think ourselves free from such prejudiced notions, we're all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. Confess: Wouldn't you be surprised to meet a carpenter named Nigel? A physicist named Bertha? A Pope Mel? Often, we project name-based stereotypes on people, as one woman friend discovered while taking charge of a nursery school's group of four-year-olds. "There I was, trying to get a little active boy named Julian to sit quietly and read a book—and pushing a thoughtful creature named Rory to play ball. I had their personalities confused because of their names!"Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well. In a study conducted by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University, and John McDavid of Georgia State University, teachers gave consistently lower grades on essays apparently written by boys named Elmer and Hubert than they awarded to the same papers when the writers' names were given as Michael and David. However, teacher prejudice isn't the only source of classroom difference. Dr. Thomas V. Busse and Louisa Seraydarian of Temple University found those girls with names such as Linda, Diane, Barbara, Carol, and Cindy performed better on objectively graded IQ and achievement tests than did girls with less appealing names. (A companion study showed girls' popularity with their peers was also related to the popularity of their names―although the connection was less clear for boys.)Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it they'd hardly met you, and the hopes and dreams they valued when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to fit you, don't despair; you aren't stuck with the label. Movie stars regularly change their names, and with some determination, you can, too.Unit 7 Lighten Your Load and Save Your LifeIf you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart.If you don't want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can—and recognize there are many things beyond your control.So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. He's a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska.Eliot says there are people in this world that he calls "hot reactors". For these people, being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, among other things. "We've done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers. When that happens it happens very。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第二册(1-5单元)课文翻译
第一单元注重时间的美国人美国人认为没有人能停止不前。
如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。
这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。
时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。
人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。
”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。
我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。
时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。
时光一去不复返。
我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。
城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。
白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。
人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。
在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。
你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。
不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。
他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。
他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。
一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。
既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。
因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。
因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。
我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第二册课文及翻译
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译unit2-sectionb
Unit 2Section BThe Standard for Olympic ExcellenceThe Olympics remains the most pure example of competition for the sake of competition itself. Athletes sacrifice their careers and bodies risking injury, defeat and complete failure to compete for nothing more than honor for their country and themselves. To achieve such honor, one must both perform at his or her event's highest level and act as a role model on the world's biggest stage. And so, while it must be admitted that performance-enhancing drugs are exploited to offer advantage to some Olympic athletes, those who do so never receive the only true reward the Olympics has to offer: honor. And, they never experience the glory of winning through the virtues of hard work and determination.The greatest track and field Olympian of all time, Carl Lewis, exemplified the Olympic spirit. He did so, not simply through his gold medal performances—Lewis won nine gold medals in four different events and held world records in the 100-meter dash and the long jump—but also through his competitive nature and his ability to win and compete in every Olympics from 1984 to 1996; he would have also competed in 1980 if the United States had not refused to take part. With speed, consistency, integrity and above all desire, Lewis defied not only the stopwatch but also the march of time. He demanded nothing less than the best from himself and achieved the best, not with drugs, but with unmatched discipline and commitment to training.Surprisingly, young Carl Lewis was encouraged to pursue music lessons rather than track by his parents. But, he would not hear of it, and stuck a strip of tape on the ground to mark the distance for the world record and began to jump toward it with singular determination. His father commented, "Some kids want to be a fireman one day, a movie star the next. Carl set his mind on track and that was it. He said he wanted to be the best, period." His years of practice and quiet self-confidence set the stage for a phenomenal Olympic track and field career.In 1985, however, a cloud appeared on Carl Lewis' horizons: Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson, who began to beat Lewis consistently in the 100-meter dash. Lewis arrived at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul confident, but even observers who knew very little about the race expected Johnson would win. The world watched and waited anxiously to find out who was "the fastest man on Earth". All of the cameras focused on Lewis and Johnson as the runners took their marks in the final heat. The crack of the starter's pistol sounded and the racers burst from the line. The crowd was used to Lewis trailing for the first half of the race—he just had a different style—and then finishing strong with his long stride to win. So, they held their breath as they watched Johnson build an early lead with his explosive start wondering if Lewis' strong finish would be enough to overcome him. As the runners approached the finish line, Lewis was gaining fast, but alas, his personal best time of 9.92 seconds was not enough to beat Johnson who ran a world record time of 9.79 seconds. Johnson was called "the fastest human being ever", and Lewis, it appeared, would be competing for second place in future races. Two days later, however, Johnson was stripped of his gold medal and sent packing by the International Olympic Committee when his post-race drug test indicated steroid use. The gold medal was given to Lewis instead, yet many --------------------------精品文档，可以编辑修改，等待你的下载，管理，教育文档----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------did not see his conquest as a real victory, and he became swept up in the apparent blanket condemnation of the sport. Worse, a former opponent charged Lewis with steroid use. Lewis firmly denied the charges and countered by proving before a judge that the magazine that had published the stories did so without foundation to their claims. He also participated in drug test after drug test to prove he was clean. An opponent of steroid use, Lewis was never linked to drug use by anything but rumor.It would take the formula of Lewis' further commitment to the sport and his love for competition to lift some of the suspicion from track events and stop the erosion of support that the Olympics began to suffer after Seoul. With his continued hard work and honest participation in sprinting and the long jump, he proved to the world that the Olympic spirit was not dead. And in 1992, Lewis competed in his third Olympics winning two more gold medals in the long jump and 4×100 meter relay with a reception from the public that was fit for a king.The amazing Carl Lewis had demonstrated that he was unlike any athlete who had ever lived, not by simply winning, but by winning honestly, loving to compete and working the hardest for the longest time. His love for the games truly set a new standard for Olympic excellence. (Words: 835)--------------------------精品文档，可以编辑修改，等待你的下载，管理，教育文档----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------。
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译Unit2-SectionA
Unit 2Sectio n ALearni ng the Olympic Standa rd for LoveNikola i Petrov i ch Anikin was not half as intimi datin g as I had imagin ed he wouldbe. No, this surely was not the ex-Soviet coachmy father had shippe d me out to meet.But Nikola i he was, Petrovi ch and all. He invite d me inside and sat down on the couch, patting the blanke t next to him to get me to sit next to him. I was so nervou s in his presen ce."Y ou are young,"he begani n his Russia n-styleEnglis h. "If you like to try for Olympi c Games, I guessyou will be able to do this. Nagano Olympi c s too soon for you, but for 2002 in Salt Lake City, you couldbe ready.""Y es, why not?" he replie d to the shocke d look on my face. I was a promisi ng amateu r ski er, but by no meansthe top skieri n the country. "Of course, there will be many hard traini ng sessions, and you will cry, but you will improv e."To be sure, there were countl ess traini ng sessio ns full of pain and more than a few tears, but in the five yearsthat followed I couldal ways count on beingencouragedby Nikola i's amusin g storie s and senseof humor."My friend s, they go in the movies, they go in the dance, they go out with girls," he woul dstart. "But I," he wouldcontin ue, loweri ng his voice, "I am practi c e, practi c e, practi c e in the stadium. And by the next year, I had cut 1-1/2 minute s off my time in the 15-kilome ter race!"My friend s askedme, 'Nikola i, how did you do it?' And I replie d, 'Y ou go in the movi es, you go in the dance, you go out with girls, but I am practi c e, practi c e, practi ce.'"Here the storyusuall y ended, but on one occasi on, which we laterl earne d was his 25th weddin g annive rsary, he stoodproudl y in a worn woolen sweate r and smiled and whispe red, "And I tell you, I am 26 yearsold before I ever kiss a girl! She was the womanI later marry."Romanti c and otherwi s e, Nikola i knew love. His consis tent good humor, quiet g ratit ude, percep tivit y, and sinceri ty set an Olympi c standa rd for love that I contin ue to reachfor, even though my skiing days are over.Still, he never babied me. One Februa ry day I had a massiv e headache and felt quitefatigued. I came upon him in a cleari ng, and after approxi mate l y 15 minute s of stridi ng into the cold breeze over the whitepowder to catchhim, I fussed, "Oh, Nikola i, I feel like I am goingto die.""When you are a hundre d yearsold, everyb ody dies," he said, indifferent to my pain. "But now," he contin ued firmly. "Now must be ski, ski, ski."And, on skis, I did what he said. On other matter s, though, I was rebell ious. Once, he packed 10 of us into a Finnis h bachel or's tiny home for a low-budget ski camp. We awokethe first morning to find Nikola i making breakfast and then made quick work with our spoons whilesittin g on makeshi ft chairs around a tiny card table. When we were finish ed, Nikola i stacke d the sti cky bowlsi n front of my sole female teamma te and me, asserti ng, "Now, girlsdo dishes!"I threwmy napkin on the floorand sworeat him, "Ask the damn boys! This is unfair." He neveraskedthi s of me again, nor did he take much notice of my outburst. He savedhis passio n for skiing.When coachi ng, he wouldsing out his instru ction s keepin g rhythm with our stride: "Y es, yes,one-two-three, one-two-three."A dear lady friend of my grandfather, after viewin g a copy of a videoof me traini ng with Nikola i, asked, "Does he also teachdance?"In traini ng, I worked wi thou t rest to correct mistak es that Nikola i pointe d out and I askedaftereach pass if it was better."Y es, it's OK. But the faster knee down, the better.""But is it fast enough?" I'd persis t.Finall y he wouldfrownand say, "Billio n timesyou make motion—then be perfect," reminding me in an I've-told-you-a-billio n-timestone, "Y ou must be patien t."Nikola i's patien ce and my hard work earned me a fourth-placenation al rankin g headin g into the pre-Olympi c season, but then I missed the cut for the 2002 Olympi c s.Last summer, I return ed to visit Nikola i. He made me tea... and did the dishes! We tal ked whilesi ttin g on his couch. Missin g the Olympi c Team the previo us year had made me pauseand reflect on what I had gained—not the least o f which was a quiet, indissolubl e bond with a shortman in a tropical shirt.Nikola i taught me to have the courag e, heart, and discip l ineto persis t, even if it takes a billion tries. He taught me to be thankful in advance for a century of life on earth, and to remind myself everyday that despit e the challe ngesat hand, "Now must be love, love, love."(Words:822)。
新视野大学英语第二册课文翻译
Unit 1 Text A一堂难忘的英语课1如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长,那么我儿子也许是对的; 对他而言,我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲,一个还沉湎于语法规则的人,对此我儿子似乎颇为反感;2我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时,才开始对这个问题认真起来的;这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来; 我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何”3她点了三四下头,绞尽脑汁,苦苦寻找恰当的词语,然后惊呼：“真是,哇”4没了; 所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中我的学生以“哇”来表示她的惊叹,我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑;5关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题,有许多不同的故事; 学生的确本应该能够区分诸如 their/there/they're 之间的不同,或区别 complimentary 跟complementary 之间显而易见的差异; 由于这些知识缺陷,他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责,因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好;6学生并不笨,他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了; 举例来说,杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向 stationary静止处,虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery 文具用品并没有被钉在那儿; 朋友和亲人常宣称 They've just ate;实际上,他们应该说 They've just eaten; 因此,批评学生不合乎情理;7对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校;学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准; 可相反,学校只教零星的语法,高级词汇更是少之又少; 还有就是,学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识,因为他们过去也没接触过; 学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通,可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生;8因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味,所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行; 有一天机会来了;我跟儿子开车外出; 我们出发时,他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳,就说：“它飞的不稳;”It's flying so unsteady. 我小心翼翼地问：“儿子,鸟怎么飞” “有问题吗我说得不对吗Did I say anything incorrectly ” 他一头雾水; “太好了, 你说的是 incorrectly 而不是incorrect;我们用副词来描述动词;所以,要用 unsteadily 来描述鸟飞 ,而不是unsteady;”9他对我的纠正很好奇,就问我什么是副词; 我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修饰动词的词;” 这又导致了他询问我什么是动词; 我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词,例如：爸爸开卡车;‘开’是动词,因为它是爸爸在做的事;”10他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣,所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”; 然后,他又好奇地问我,其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的名称; 这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论; 在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内,他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性; 这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历;11也许,语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图核对语法和调整汽车的引擎调节词汇; 学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶;12路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南,可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看见什么树或什么花,你会遇见什么样的人,或会有什么样的感受; 这里,词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生; 大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点滴滴; 借助语法和丰富的词汇,你就有了灵活性,掌控自如; 路线图会把你带到目的地,而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中; 13对学生来说,有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件,可是学校并没有教他们这些;14就在今天早上,我跟儿子吃早饭时,我想把牛奶加入我的茶里; “爸爸,” 他说,“如果我是你的话,我不会这样做;牛奶会变酸;If I were you, I wouldn'tdo t hat. It's sour.”15“哦,上帝” 我满怀着无比的骄傲说道,“这是一句语法完全正确的句子;你用了 were 而不是was;”16“我知道,我知道,”他愉悦地舒了口气,“这是虚拟语气”17这下轮到我“哇”了;Unit 1 Text B伟大的学习之旅1马尔科姆·艾克斯是一位非裔美国民权活动家、宗教领袖、作家和演说家; 他生于 1962 年,1925 年被神秘地暗杀; 在他去世之前,他对自己生平的自述——马尔科姆·艾克斯自传已闻名遐迩; 他出生于一个贫民家庭,取名马尔科姆·利特尔; 后来,他加入了一个叫“伊斯兰民族”的组织,之后改名为马尔科姆·艾克斯;“伊斯兰民族”是个宗教团体,它改变了美国主流伊斯兰教的一些主要的习俗和信仰,使之更适用于 19 世纪 60 年代早期非裔美国人的特定情况;2马尔科姆·艾克斯因当时犯有诸如偷窃等罪而入狱;他在监狱里得知了“伊斯兰民族” 组织; 由于没有受过良好的教育,他在向别人传授他的新信仰时感到力不从心; 作为一名年轻人,他可以用草根语言来概述自己的想法,语言简单、粗浅、语法差劲,且词汇贫乏;可作为一名成年人,当他在大型公众集会上向人们阐述他的新信仰时,他发觉自己缺少了所需的语言交流技能; 用他自己的话说,他“甚至没有这个功能”;3为了增长知识,提高沟通技能,深陷绝望的马尔科姆·艾克斯为自己制定了一个计划;他决定求助于书籍,相信书会使他受益匪浅; 可是当他试图阅读一些严肃的书本时,他不禁倍感苦恼,因为大部分的词他都不认识; 他写道：“这些书还不如是用中文写的;” 他跳过了所有不认识的词,可是最终他全然不知这本书里写了什么; 马尔科姆·艾克斯在他的自传里谈到他贫乏的语言技能时是这样写的：“我变得沮丧起来;”4由于无法阅读和写作所遭受的巨大挫折促使马尔科姆·艾克斯开始探索如何攻克自己的语言缺陷; 他说：“我明白我所能做的就是弄到一本词典来学习,学一些单词;” 他也幸运地意识到应该尝试去改进他的书写; 他告诉我们：“令人伤心的是我甚至不能把英文书写得整齐;” 这些想法促使他向狱管请求,要了一些纸和铅笔;5头两天,马尔科姆·艾克斯只是很快地浏览了一下词典,试图在这不熟悉的格式里寻找出他自己的应付方法; 他告诉我们,他对这些单词之间的密切关系感到诧异; moist 怎么会是 moisture 的词根；advisable 跟 advisory 竟是同根词“我都不知道哪些单词我需要学,” 他说,“最后,为了有所行动,我开始抄写词典;” 马尔科姆·艾克斯用他缓慢、仔细、蹩脚的书写,把词典的第一页全都抄写在一个笔记本上,他甚至把引号也抄了; 这花了他整整一天的时间; 在此之后,他高声朗读所有抄写下来的东西; “我一遍又一遍地给自己大声朗读自己抄写的东西;”马尔科姆回忆道; 他还把每天发生的重要事情记录下来; 重复朗读帮助他从一个仅有一些基础文化知识的人变成真正精通语言的人;6马尔科姆·艾克斯描述了他第二天醒来时,是如何努力回忆他抄写和朗读过的单词及他苦苦追求所获的知识; 这是一种神奇的感觉,他感到无比自豪;7他对此如此着迷以至于他又继续抄写词典的下一页; 又一次,他醒来时感到骄傲且精力充沛; 随着不断抄写和朗读,马尔科姆·艾克斯发现自己在学到东西,也记住了越来越多的单词,他的困惑也逐日减少;8随着马尔科姆·艾克斯的词汇量不断扩大,他开始能更好地理解所阅读的书了; 这种现象在他的一生中从未发生过;“任何一个阅读广泛的人都能想象那个开启了的新世界;” 从那时起到他离开那个监狱,他一直专注于阅读,被它深深吸引; 数月过去了,他竟然没感到自己在坐牢; “事实上,在这之前,我从没如此真正地感受过生活的自由;”9“就是在监狱里我意识到阅读永远地改变了我的人生轨迹,” 马尔科姆·艾克斯写道;他描述了有一天一位作家从伦敦打电话来采访他; 那位作家问马尔科姆·艾克斯,他文笔那么流畅,是从什么大学毕业的; 马尔科姆告诉那位英国人他的大学是“书本”;10马尔科姆·艾克斯的一生成功地创造了一个通过语言学习而深刻改变人生的光辉典范; 他出生于贫穷、无知的世界; 可是,知识开阔了他的眼界; 从他在监狱里踏上伟大的英语学习之旅起,他就离开了青年时代狭窄、无知的世界,加入到有思想、有作为的世界之中;Unit 2 Text A人文学科：过时了吗1当形势变得困难时,强者会去选学会计; 当就业市场恶化时,许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史; 他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西;2数据显示,随着学生肩负的学费不断增加,他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能; 换言之,大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段; 这种趋势可能会持续,甚至有加快之势;3在未来几年内,由于劳动力市场的不景气,人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势;在上一代大学生中,主修文科的学生数跌幅已近 50%;这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的; 人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱,而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小点缀; 现在,实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐;4在这儿,请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传; 自古以来,人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大,而使另一些人走向自我毁灭; 几个世纪以来,这股内力被称作很多东西; 着名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德称之为“潜意识”,或更为人熟知的“本能”;5从一开始,人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力,就令我们心驰神往;这些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础; 历史学家、建筑师、作家、哲学家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的形式,捕捉到了这些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵; 这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”,帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望,并用以教育一代又一代人; 从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品,正是文明的底蕴,它奠定了人文研究的基础;6学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力; 无论我们这一生中从事什么职业,如果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵,我们都会受益匪浅; 如果我们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人,我们会有光明的职业前景;7学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程; 在信息经济中,很多人都有能力创造出一个如新的 MP3 播放器那样的有用产品; 然而,仅有很少的人具有能力创造出一个如 iPod 那样的精彩品牌; 最重要的是,学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和自我意识,从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺;8也许,支持人文学科的最好论点是,人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会; 你知道世界闻名的电影泰坦尼克号的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗第一个登上太空的女宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位; 还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、蕾妮·齐薇格及马特·达蒙,也都如此; 获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科; 甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科; 学习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串; 显而易见,人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备,不管是医学、商务、科学或娱乐; 如果我们仅学习数学,我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作; 如果我们还学了人文学科,那我们就能突破许多障碍,只要我们愿意付出努力,敢于想象;9当然,在当下,如果我们单学人文学科,可能会失去很多机会; 我们每个人都需要尽可能变得技能化、职业化,以满足现代生活的需要; 事实上,技术知识和内在洞察力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配; 如果我是某个医学院的招生部主任,有两个人同时申请我们学校,这两个人都学过基础的科学课程,一个主修哲学,另一个仅是医学院的预科生,我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者;10总之,人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人,这些人具有洞察力,并理解全人类共有的激情、希望和理想; 人文学科,这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库,教我们如何以不同的方式看待事物,同时也拓宽我们的视野; 在现代社会中,人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关,也发挥着重要作用; 我们在学习中花一些时间与人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏——相伴,这难道不是明智的吗谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢Unit 2 Text B大学给我们带来了什么1受大学教育已毫无疑问被不只一代人接受了; 普遍的共识是所有的高中毕业生都应该上大学,因为大学会帮他们找到工作,挣更多钱,成为“更好的”人,并学会如何做一个比那些不上大学的人更负责的公民; 可是,看看上大学的昂贵费用和日益萎缩的就业市场,难道我们不应该重新审视一下是否应该上大学这个问题吗2现实情况是大学并不是对每个人都有神奇的作用; 由于近一半的高中毕业生都上了大学,那些不适合大学模式的人也变得更多了; 过多的大学毕业生在卖鞋和开出租车;3一些富有探索精神的教育家和校园观察者已开始公开建议我们改变看法,改革大学体系; 他们觉得大学并不是对每个完成高中学业的年轻人来说都是最好的、适宜的、甚至现实的地方; 批评家暗示,我们可能是凭借自己记忆中那段大学经历的玫瑰色光环,把所有的调查和统计都看颠倒了;4很多学生都证实：他们觉得不得不上大学是因为来自父母和老师的压力,呆在大学也是因为这似乎是能逃避更糟的命运的唯一选择; 他们想到参军或做没前途的工作就不寒而栗,又觉得做任何事都比呆在家强; 有潜力的大学毕业生说他们不想“只为赚钱”而工作,他们想做有意义的工作; 他们的动机是帮助别人,拯救世界,但形势并不乐观; 不但在那些拯救世界的领域里没有足够的工作,而且很显然在当今经济衰退的情况下,那些要求有高等学历的有前途的工作从来就不够,可能永远都不会够;5让我们来承认这些事实; 纽约时报报道近八成的新工作可以由那些没有大学学历的人来做; 美国教育部估计在四年制大学的学生中只有 62%的人六年以后能拿到学士学位; 这种窘境意味着 38%的学生都浪费了时间,积累了债务; 另外,美国的大学费用在过去的三十年内涨了十倍,这个比例是同期通货膨胀的三倍; 从客观上来说已很清楚,更多的学生应该上技校或两年制学院,为他们能找到的工作做准备;6当然,对许多工作而言,高等教育学历是不可或缺的; 所以,对一些人来说,拿到学士学位只是终生学习的第一步; 对他们而言,大学学位是必不可少的;7毫无疑问,上大学能让年轻人接触新思想,建立新关系,且有助于提高他们的批判性思维能力; 大学还为他们提供了一个相对安全的环境让他们从事实验和探索;然而,很多大学毕业生反映,他们在校园所学的东西,与其被称为学术发展,不如说是个人的发展; 同样地,他们说大学的真实价值与发展他们的个人特质及社会技能更密切相关,而并非与课程有关; 如果你认同这一看法,同意上大学的首要原因是为了给年轻人提供一段纯粹的学习和成长成熟的时间,那么做这个决定会很容易,因为是否上大学仅决定于个人是否有能力承担大学的费用;8无论大学毕业生想从事什么工作,大多数人都不得不进行调整; 据美国劳工部报告称,在未来几年里,劳动力市场最大的工作需求并不要求大学学位; 对于那些上大学是为今后成为城市规划者、编辑和大学教授的学生来说,会很难找到与他们所学相关的工作; 他们可能发现唯一有空缺的工作是销售代理、木工、机械师或电缆安装工; 事实上,有大学学位可能会成为找这些工作的绊脚石; 在另一方面,从专门领域毕业的学生常发现他们在课堂上学到的很多东西永远也用不上; 一位已从事过设计和造房的建筑专业的学生沮丧地说：“我不想显得愤世嫉俗;但人们更看重的是你的学位,而不是你在拿学位过程中所学的渊博知识;”9大学对那些凤毛麟角、为学习而学习的年轻人来说是一个重要的地方;真的,他们甚至宁可读书,也不愿费心去吃东西,他们最喜欢做的莫过于撰写科研论文; 但他们毕竟是少数,即使在那些吸引和招收注重学术研究人才的着名学府也是如此; 10简言之,高中毕业生需要更仔细审慎地评估上大学的综合因素,要把上大学作为一个消费品来核算,然后决定上大学这个价值主张是不是值得每个学生及家庭进行大手笔投资;Unit 3 Text A奥德赛岁月之旅1我们大多数人都知道,根据不同的年龄和生活阶段,人生可与此平行划分为童年、青春期、成年和老年这四个阶段; 我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿在童年之前,中年在老年之前,每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战,如孩子对学习的需要,成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个家庭的需要,以及年长者对得到帮助和良好医疗保健的需要;通过对它们的充分了解,我们就可以战胜这些挑战;2有趣的是,关于人生阶段的观念正在发生变化;3在先前的年代,人们并没有一种固有的把童年和成年分开的想法; 一百年前,谁也没有想到过青春期; 直到最近,人们还很自然地认为：只要他们一从大学毕业,他们的成人入门阶段就结束了; 他们就会找到一份把他们引入职业生涯的合适的工作; 然后在此职业生涯期间,他们会成家,三十岁之前成家更为理想;4今天,我们同样需要认识一个新的人生阶段：从高中毕业到上大学,然后到成家立业,即所谓的奥德赛岁月; 由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活,最近的趋势出现了根本性的变化; 他们从学校休学,与朋友同住,也常回去与父母同住; 同样,他们恋爱又失恋,辞掉一份工作又去寻找新的,甚至改行; 因此,我们需要认识这个新阶段——奥德赛岁月;现在许多人认为这是步入成年之前的一个难以回避的阶段;5出生于上个世纪 60 年代或 70 年代之前的人们往往会将成年的概念基于是否取得了某些成就：从父母家搬走,经济上独立,找到合适的配偶并组织家庭; 但是,对稳定的强调并没能保持不变; 今天,年轻人不太可能仿效他们的父母; 在奥德赛岁月中,相当比例的年轻人都推迟结婚、生子,甚至推迟就业;6奥德赛岁月使年轻人承受了巨大的压力,迫使他们快速往前冲; 作为他们父母唯一的继承人和所有期望、希望和梦想的聚焦,有些年轻人以叛逆和桀骜不驯的行为和态度对待父母; 他们往往憎恨他们所感到的压力,并同他们的父母保持距离,甚至离家出走; 他们的困惑源于很难让家长了解他们,也源于这段需要进行自我探索的、不确定的人生之旅; 为了逃避困惑和不安,许多年轻人诉诸电脑游戏,iPod,iPhone 或 iPad,以帮助分散他们的痛苦和压力;7同样,他们的父母更是着急; 虽然他们理解从学生到成年需要一个过渡阶段,但看到他们已成年子女的过渡阶段的生活与他们的期望渐行渐远,过渡阶段延至五年,七年,甚至更长时,他们感到生气; 父母甚至不能清楚地觉察到他们孩子未来生活的方向,只能看着他们,看着要做的事被拖延着;8接下来会如何发展很难预测; 新的准则还没有建立,一切似乎都被一个不确定的版本所取代; 两性之间地位和权力的平衡也有了转变; 取得学位的女性比男性更多; 男性的工资在过去的几十年里一直停滞不前,而女性的工资却出现激增;9别的不说,这对择偶产生了不言而喻的影响; 即使未婚,受过教育的妇女仍可以得到很多她们想要的东西,如安全感,成就感,和认同感; 不过,不论男女都更难找到合适的伴侣来一同建立他们的生活; 在讨论这一切时,有助于让大家知道,即使毕业生离开大学后推迟了做很多事,调查结果显示,他们仍持有很传统的愿望; 例如,当今的一代比以前的几代对如何扮演好父母的角色有着更高的要求;10这一新阶段在未来几年可能更明显; 世界各国都目睹了相似的趋势,人们推迟结婚,花更多年的时间徘徊在接受高等教育和建立职业生涯及家庭之间;11然而,毕业生不应误认为因情况已变得更困难,他们就可以放弃; 大批的人努力角逐相对较少的机会,这会导致强大的竞争压力; 所以,从一开始你就要将个人简历写得很专业,并做到随时更新;12要强化这一重要信息：顺利度过奥德赛岁月的将是那些不急于即刻实现目标的人——但这些人知道他们必须保持实力、能力、信心去度过这段较长的岁月; 如果你的目标起步稍晚了点,不要认为自己是个失败者意志坚定,态度积极,并集中精力有一天,你会回头审视,并对奥德赛岁月给你带来的巨大改变感到惊叹;Unit 3 Text B找寻我的回家之路1“亲爱的爸爸,”我写道,“我想结束我的流放,回家” 我坐在一条繁忙的高速公路旁想了很久,还是把纸撕成了两半,并捏成了一个小球; 这封信我已写了好多次开头,但每次都以绝望而告终; 我想回家——回到有我父母和姐妹的家,但我总是犹豫不决…… 不知回家之路是否行得通;2高中毕业后我离家出走了; 因为父母坚持要我去上大学,我家的家规要求我这么做,但我厌倦了学校; 我憎恨学校,坚决不肯上大学; 再说,父亲对我太严厉,给我的零花钱少得可怜; 在农场我还得干各种各样的活; 我讨厌这样的工作,发现它既没意思又单调乏味我很痛苦;3我和父亲之间曾有过一次激烈的争吵; 我突然发怒,犹如火山爆发; 我把一些东西塞入一个袋子后,愤然离开了; 我父亲在我背后高喊：“要走,就不要回来” 母亲哭了,多少次不眠之夜,我都看到了她的悲痛和泪水;4但这封信还得写;5亲爱的爸爸：6离家出走一年多了; 我从东到西,干过一连串的活儿,主要是体力活儿;我在宴会厅当过服务生,在乳制品厂做过维修,在商业捕鱼船上打过杂; 没有一件工作是有价值的;他们总是问同样的问题：“你的学历是什么” 他们总是想要大学毕业生来干体面一点儿的工作;7爸爸,我要明确地说,您和妈妈过去所做的一切都是对的; 我现在知道在农场打工对我没有害处; 离家出走后,我碰到过很多人,有的有教养,有的很粗俗;离家几个月后我才知道什么是家; 我的想法变了,我确信我再也不能离开家了;。
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译及课后答案
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译Unit 1 Section A 时间观念强的美国人Para. 1 美国人认为没有人能停止不前。
如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。
这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。
时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一个是劳力。
Para. 2 人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。
”人们似乎是把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待的。
我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。
时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。
时光一去不复返。
我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
Para. 3 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙——常常处于压力之下。
城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。
白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。
工作时间被认为是宝贵的。
Para. 3b 在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人吃完后用餐，以便按时赶回去工作。
你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。
你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。
不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
Para. 4 许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。
他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。
他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。
一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。
既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。
因此，时间老是在我们心中的耳朵里滴滴答答地响着。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第二册课文翻译【1-10单元全】
Unit 1 Section A 时间观念强的美国人Para. 1 美国人认为没有人能停顿不前。
假如你不求进取，你就会落伍。
这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探究的民族。
时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一个是劳力。
Para. 2 人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。
〞人们似乎是把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待的。
我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。
时间是一种珍贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。
光阴一去不复返。
我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
Para. 3 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙——常常处于压力之下。
城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们效劳，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡别人。
白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这局部地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。
工作时间被认为是珍贵的。
Para. 3b 在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人吃完后用餐，以便按时赶回去工作。
你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。
你会思念微笑、简短的交谈以及与生疏人的随意闲聊。
不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢别人“浪费〞时间到不恰当的地步。
Para. 4 许多刚到美国的人会思念诸如商务拜访等场合开场时的应酬。
他们也会思念那种一边喝茶或咖啡一边进展的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种风俗。
他们也许还会思念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。
一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进互相间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。
既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和理解别人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。
因此，时间老是在我们心中的耳朵里滴滴答答地响着。
Para. 5 因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。
新视野大学英语2全部课文原文中英文翻译
新视野大学英语2全部课文中英文翻译Unit1Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.美国人相信没有人会停滞不前。
如果你不前进，你就落后了。
这种态度造就了一个致力于研究、试验和探索的民族。
时间是美国人谨慎节约的两个要素之一，另一个是劳动。
"We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sandshave run out of a person’s hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.有人说：“我们只是时钟的奴隶。
新视野大学英语(第2册)课本翻译答案
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第二册(1-10单元)翻译Unit 11. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。
(much less)She wouldn’t take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner.2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。
(whereas)He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth.3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释?(account for)How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。
(due to)The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。
(result in)Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。
(pour into)We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.Unit 21. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。
(despite)Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents.2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第二册课文翻译【1-10单元全】
新视野⼤学英语读写教程第⼆版第⼆册课⽂翻译【1-10单元全】UNIT 5 SECTION A我为⼥⼉抽烟哭泣我的⼥⼉会抽烟。
她做家庭作业时，脚搁在前⾯的长凳上，计算机嗒嗒地跳出⼏何题的答案。
我看着那包已抽了⼀半、她随意扔在紧靠⼿边处的骆驼牌⾹烟。
我拿起⾹烟，⾛到厨房⾥去仔细察看，那⾥的光线好⼀点——谢天谢地，那是有过滤嘴的。
可我⼼⾥却感到⼗分难过。
我想哭。
事实上，站在炉⼦旁边, 我确实哭过。
我⼿⾥捏着⼀⽀雪⽩雪⽩的⾹烟，制作得⾮常精致。
那可是会致我⼥⼉于死地的东西啊。
当她抽?万宝路?及?运动员?牌⾹烟时，我硬起⼼肠, 不让⾃⼰感到难过。
我认识的⼈当中没有哪个抽过这两种牌⼦的⾹烟。
她不知道我⽗亲、也就是她外公⽣前抽的就是骆驼牌⾹烟。
但是在他开始抽机制卷烟之前——那时他很年轻、也很穷，但眼睛炯炯有神——他抽的是⽤阿尔伯特亲王牌烟丝⾃⼰⼿⼯卷制的⾹烟。
我还记得那鲜红的烟丝罐头，上⾯有⼀张维多利亚⼥王的丈夫阿尔伯特亲王⾝穿⿊⾊燕尾服、⼿拿⼀⽀⼿杖的图⽚。
到40年代末、50年代初，我的家乡佐治亚州的伊腾顿镇上已没有⼈再⾃⼰⼿⼯制作卷烟了（⽽且⼏乎没有⼥⼈抽烟）。
烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影⽚中的男⼥主⾓都是⽼烟⿁——把像我⽗亲那样的⼈完完全全争取了过去, 他们⽆可救药地抽烟上了瘾。
然⽽我⽗亲看上去从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦。
他还是⼀个贫穷、过于肥胖、为养活⼀⼤家⼈⽽拼命⼲活的男⼈。
他浑⾝漆⿊，嘴⾥却总叼着⼀⽀雪⽩的⾹烟。
我记不清⽗亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的, 也许开始时并不明显, 他早晨⼀下床点燃第⼀⽀⾹烟时才有点微咳。
到我16岁, 也就是我⼥⼉现在这般年龄时，他⼀呼吸就呼哧呼哧的，让⼈感到不安；他上楼时每⾛三、四级楼梯就得停下来休息⼀会⼉。
他常常⼀连咳上⼀个来⼩时。
肺病把我⽗亲折磨得虚弱不堪, ⼀个严冬，他死于被叫做?穷⼈的朋友?的疾病—肺炎。
他咳嗽了这么多年，我想他的肺部已没有什么完好的地⽅了。
去世前⼏年，他的呼吸已经很虚弱了，他总得倚靠着某个东西。
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文重点段落翻译
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文重点段落翻译新视野大学英语第二版第二册Unit1-Unit7课文重点段落及翻译商丘师范学院胡佳佳Unit 1A foreigner’s first impression of the is likely to be that everyone is in a rush -- often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to xxplete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don’t take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else“wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point.外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第2册课文翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第2册课文翻译UNIT11. 美国人认为没有人能停止不前。
如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。
这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。
时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。
2. 人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。
”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。
我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。
时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。
时光一去不复返。
我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
3. 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。
城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。
白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。
人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。
在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。
你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。
不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
4. 许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。
他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。
他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。
一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。
既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。
因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。
5. 因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。
我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程第二册课后翻译及原文
Unit1她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。
wouldn'ttakeadrink,muchlesswouldshestayfordinner.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。
thoughtIwaslyingtohim,whereasIwastellingthetruth.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？doyouaccountforthefactthatyouhavebeenlateeverydaythisweek?他们利润增长的局部原因是采用了新的市场策略。
increaseintheirprofitsisduepartlytotheirnewmarketstrategy.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。
measuresarelikelytoresultintheimprovementofworkefficiency.我们已经在这个工程上投入了大量的时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。
havealreadypouredalotoftimeandenergyintotheproject,sowehavetocarryon.Unit2尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。
thefactthatsheistheonlychildinherfamily,sheisneverbabiedbyherparents.迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打做任何解释。
didn'tcometothepartylastnight,nordidhecallmetogiveanexplanation.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么大作家。
personsittingnexttohimdidpublishsomenovels,butheisbynomeansagreatwriter.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。
hasnointerestinfootballandisindifferenttowhowinsorloses.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。
大学英语第二版第二册原文翻译
新视野大学英语第二版第二册课文原文Unit1A foreigner's first impression of the US is likely to be that everyone is in a rush—often under pressure. City people always appear o be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain appropriate point.外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。
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新视野大学英语2（第二版）课文翻译Unit 1Section A美国人认为没有人能停止不前。
如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。
这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。
时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。
人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。
”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。
我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。
时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。
时光一去不复返。
我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。
城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。
白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。
人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。
在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。
你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。
不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。
他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。
他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。
一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。
既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。
因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。
因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。
我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。
虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。
因此，我们把大多数个人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上。
就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。
在有些国家，如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。
国，最后协议通常也需要本人签字。
然而现在人们越来越多地在电视屏幕上见面，开远程会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国际问题。
美国无疑是一个电话王国。
几乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取消社交约会、表达谢意、购物和获得各种信息。
电话不但能免去走路之劳，而且还能节约大量时间。
其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差一些。
有些初来美国的人来自文化背景不同的其他国家，在他们的国家，人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。
在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事的话，那么这件事就像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。
因此，人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。
但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作则被视为是有水平、有能力的标志。
通常情况下，工作越重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是“使工作开展起来”。
Section B你认为在异国留学是一件听上去非常令人兴奋的事情吗？你会像许多离家去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有趣吗？这当然是一种崭新的经历，它会给你带来机会，让你发现许多迷人的东西，获得一种自由感。
然而，尽管有这些好处，你也会遇到挑战。
因为你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统发生冲突。
你也许会感到很难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你不熟悉的那些部分。
这就是“文化冲击”。
人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括四个主要阶段。
第一阶段叫做“蜜月期”。
在这一阶段，你会感到生活在一个不同国度里很兴奋，而且每一样东西看上去都妙不可言。
你什么都喜欢，而且好像每个人都对你很好。
另外，新的文化中的生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。
然而，文化冲击的第二阶段终究会出现，这就是“敌对期”。
你开始注意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的那样好。
你会对新的文化里的许多东西感到厌倦。
此外，人们也不再把你当作一个客人来对待了。
所有最初看上去非常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了，而且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。
通常，在你适应一种新文化的这一阶段中，你会想出一些防卫性的办法来帮助你应付难关，保护自己免受文化冲击的影响。
其中一种办法叫做“压抑法”。
当你假装所有的东西都可以接受，没有什么东西令你感到烦恼的时候，你就是在运用压抑法。
另一种防卫性办法称做“倒退法”。
当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际年龄要小的时候，你就是在运用这种办法。
这时，你的行为举止像一个小孩。
你把什么都忘掉了，而且有时你会变得粗心大意，不负责任。
第三种防卫性办法叫做“孤立法”。
你宁可一个人呆在家里，不想和任何人交流。
你想把自己封闭起来以避免文化冲击的影响，至少你是这样认为的。
孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的最糟糕的办法之一，因为你把那些能真正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。
最后一种防卫性办法叫做“排斥法”。
这一办法让你觉得自己不需要任何人帮助。
你觉得你可以独自把事情处理好，所以你就不想求助于人。
你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并不能解决问题。
如果你仅仅是偶尔运用一下其中一个应付办法来帮助你生存下去，这也无妨。
但是你必须谨慎。
这些办法可能会真的使你受到伤害，因为它们会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。
在克服了自己的敌对情绪后，你就会开始认识到文化冲击的短暂性。
然后你就会步入被称为“恢复期”的第三阶段。
在这个阶段，你开始变得积极起来，而且你会努力去理解所有你不理解的东西。
整个形势开始变得对你有利了，你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复过来。
而且你开始使自己适应新的准则、新的价值观念，乃至这个新的国家的各种信念和传统。
你开始明白，虽然这种新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特点有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你学习和欣赏的东西。
文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称为“适应期”。
在这个阶段，你真正达到了感觉良好的境界，因为你已经学到了很多东西，已经能理解这种新的文化了。
最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的东西，现在已成了你能理解的东西。
这种理解会减轻你的许多压力。
现在你感到自在了，你已经适应了新的文化。
文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的人无法避免的东西。
当你在经历文化冲击的这四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件有益的事。
然而，当你完全适应了某一种新的文化时，你会更加充分地喜爱这种文化的。
你学会了如何和他人交流，而且还了解了不同文化背景下人们的大量生活情况。
此外，了解其他各种文化，以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所受到的冲击，可以帮助你更好地了解自己。
Unit 2Section A尼克莱·彼得罗维奇·安尼金一点都不像我想象的那么吓人。
不，他不可能是我父亲特地送我来见的那位前苏联教练。
可他的确是尼克莱·彼得罗维奇·安尼金本人。
他请我进门，在沙发上坐下，又拍了拍身边的垫子，让我坐在他旁边。
在他面前，我真的很紧张。
“你还年轻，”他的英语带着俄语口音：“如果你愿意试着向奥林匹克运动会进军，我想你能行。
长野奥运会来不及参加了，但你可以准备参加2002年盐湖城奥运会。
”“完全可以，不是吗？”看到我脸上惊愕的表情，他又说道。
我那时是一个很有前途的业余滑雪运动员，但在国内决不是顶尖选手。
“当然，你需要进行很多艰苦的训练，你会哭鼻子，但你一定会进步的。
”的确，后来我经历了无数痛苦的训练，还为此流了不少眼泪。
但在后来的五年里，我总能从尼克莱讲的有趣故事和他的幽默感中得到鼓励。
开始总是说：“我的朋友们常去看电影，去跳舞，去和女孩子约会，”然后他会压低嗓门接着说：“我就在运动场上训练、训练、再训练。
第二年，我的15公里滑雪比赛成绩缩短了1.5分钟。
”“朋友们问我：‘尼克莱，你怎么做到的呢？’我回答：‘你们去看电影、跳舞、和女孩子约会，而我一直在训练、训练、再训练。
’”故事通常到这儿就结束了。
但有一次──后来我们知道那天是他结婚25周年纪念日──他穿着一件旧的毛衣，很自豪地站着，微笑着轻声说道：“告诉你们，我可是在26岁那年才第一次亲吻女孩子。
她后来就和我结了婚。
”不管他是不是懂得浪漫，尼克莱知道什么是爱。
他以一贯的幽默、默默的感恩、敏锐的感觉和真诚的态度为爱设立了奥林匹克般的标准。
即使在我结束了滑雪生涯之后，我仍一直努力去达到那个标准。
但他又从不娇惯我。
二月里的一天，我头很疼，感到十分疲倦。
我在一片空地上遇见了他，在寒风中的雪地里滑了大概十五分钟后，我赶上了他，有点小题大做地说：“嘿，尼克莱，我感觉我要死了。
”“如果活到一百岁，人人都会死的，”他对我的痛苦无动于衷，态度坚决地接着说：“但你现在必须滑、滑、再滑。
”在滑雪板上，我照他说的去做。
但在其他事情上我会反抗他。
在一次经费并不宽裕的滑雪露营活动中，他让我们十个人挤在一个单身汉住的芬兰式屋子里。
第一天我们醒来时发现尼克莱正在做早餐。
然后我们坐在临时拼凑起来的椅子上，围着张小小的牌桌，用勺子很快地吃完早饭。
吃完后，尼克莱把摞起来的油腻腻的碗向我和我唯一的另一个女队友前一推，武断地说：“女孩子们，现在去洗碗吧！”我把餐巾往地上一扔，向他骂道：“让该死的男孩子们去洗吧！这不公平！”他没再让我去洗碗，也没对我的大发脾气显得太在意。
他只在滑雪时才显露出强烈的情感。
训练的时候，他会岁着我们迈步的节奏大声发出指令：“对，就这样，一二三，一二三。
”我祖父的一个好朋友──一位上了年纪的女士──看了尼克莱带我训练的录像带后问道：“他也教舞蹈吗？”在训练时，我一刻不停地纠正着尼克莱指出的错误。
每完成一个动作，我都会问他自己是否有了进步。
“是的，还行。
但如果膝盖能屈得更快些就更好了。
”“可我滑得够快了吗？”我坚持问他。
最后他会皱起眉头说：“你得无数次地重复，动作才能达到完美。
”他提醒我“必须有耐心”，言语之间流露出“我已经告诉过你无数次了”的意思。
尼克莱的耐心和我的勤奋使我赢得了全国第四名的好成绩，并开始为奥运会季前赛做准备。
但后来我没能被选拔去参加2002年奥运会。
去年夏天，我回去拜访尼克莱。
他给我沏了茶......还自己洗了碗！我们坐在沙发上聊天。
怀念起前一年的奥林匹克队，我一时沉默，回想起自己曾经获得的一切──很重要的一点就是我和这个穿着颇具热带风情衬衫、个子不高的男人之间形成了并不张扬但又牢不可摧的纽带。
尼克莱教会我即使需要无数次的努力，也要凭借勇气、热情和严格的纪律来坚持下去。
他还教会我为了能在这世界上生活一辈子而预先心存感激，并每天提醒自己：即便面临许多挑战，“现在心里有的必须是爱、爱、爱。