物流工程外文文献翻译
物流管理中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regionaleconomic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoreticalanalysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of siteselection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point ofconnection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (generaladministrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logisticscompetition.4.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文:区域物流竞争力研究摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。
物流外文文献翻译(DOC)
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve completecontrol, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systemsapproach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including theintegration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. Theestablishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends tomajor aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
物流外文文献及翻译范文 ()
文献出处: Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34.原文The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessMahpula AAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords : Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and 物流外文文献及翻译范文【最新资料，WORD 文档，可编辑修改】basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure;Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics relatedThe definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, theintegration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow. Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of connection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the furtherdevelopment of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (general administrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition.Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文区域物流竞争力研究作者 Mahpula A摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。
研究物流业及中国物流技术外文参考文献原文及译文（可编辑）
研究物流业及中国物流技术外文参考文献原文及译文物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____二级学院专业班级学号学生姓名电话号码时间 2012-04-5原文:Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of ChinaLuo YixinDepartment of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205Received 15 July 2004AbstractFor further pushing ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry,the author,based on the status quo of China's logistics industry,alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China.By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics,standards of technical terms,logistics technologies and management,the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal.Key words:logistics;development;problem;measure1? PrefaceModem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades. Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s,logistics industry has been developed rapidly.At present,our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers,develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights. Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights LOG + +/SMCS in 2003.The real?time connection with famous ERP system SAPR/3has been realized,the system radically changes the unicity and low integrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system.Another example is the new structural?type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0?150 m/rain.1ifting speed of 0?40 m/min and forking speed of 0 ? 20/40 m/rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same ser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction.resulting that the distance?measuring error is ± 1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm.For the vertical direction.due to the appli cation ofrotary encoder plus tooth?be technique, positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm. In this way. the system successfully integrates a variety of new?type detecting technologies involving laser location, rotary encoder and toth?belt eranging. integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method .Besides, the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability.The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new?type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments. In 2003。
物流配送英文文献及翻译
物流配送中英文对照英文文献及翻译1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobileindustry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, T oyota, General Motors, Volkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the world’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most global OEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization ofdistribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode ofend customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge toa reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gapbetween the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity isvery low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not be achieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of。
食品物流工程类外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
文献翻译（20**届本科）学院：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：20**年5 月Emerging technologies for keeping microbial and sensory quality of minimally fresh processed fruits and vegetablesThe emphasis in post-harvest fruit protection against quality attributes losses, physiological disorders, diseases and insects has shifted from using agro-chemicals to various alternative techniques, including biological control, cultural adaptations and physical methods such as controlled atmosphere (CA), MAP and irradiation. Given the restrictions of chemical use in plant foods and because many of them cause ecological problems or are potentially harmful to humans and may be withdrawn from use, the advantage of these alternative techniques is that no chemicals are involved (Artés, 1995; Graham and Stevenson, 1997; Reddy et al., 1998; Mathre et al., 1999; Sanz et al., 1999; Daugaard, 2000; Harker et al., 2000; Marquenie et al., 2003). Additionally, preservation techniques are becoming milder in response to demands of consumers for higher quality, more convenient foods that are less heavily processed and preserved and less reliant on chemical preservatives (Abee and Wounters, 1999).The unique way to assure microbial and sensory quality of minimally fresh processed plant products relies on refrigerated storage and distribution, although combination of refrigeration and subinhibitory preservation techniques could prolong their shelf-life.As mentioned above, many non-conventional methods are now being investigated; however, there are some limitations to their application since some methods are not applicable to fresh-cut fruits and vegetables because of damage to plant tissue but only to liquid foods such as fruit juices (Carlin and Nguyen-the, 1997). Therefore, in this section those techniques that can be used to preserve fresh processed plant foods will be revised.The most critical step in the production chain of minimal fresh processing of fruits and vegetables is washing-disinfection. For this reason, special attention to the alternative sanitizing agents as well as the new technologies for disinfection of these commodities will be given. To develop or improve washing and sanitizing treatments, special attention should be paid to the compatibility of treatments with commercial practices, cost, absence of induced adverse effects on product quality and the need for regulatory approval and consumer acceptance (Sapers, 2001). Some alternatives to sanitizing agents are: O3, ClO2, peracetic acid (about 90–100 ppm), H2O2, organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric, malic, sorbic and propionic acids at 300–500 mg/ml), electrolysed water, radio frequency, hot water treatments and UV-C radiation (Adams et al., 1989;Masson, 1990; Castañer et al., 1996; Tomás-Barberán et al., 1997; Delaquis et al., 1999, 2000, 2004; Sapers, 2001; Suslow, 2002; Jacxsens, 2002; Aguayo, 2003; Allende, 2003).1. Hydrogen peroxideTreatments of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) seem to be a promising alternative to chlorine for disinfecting minimally fresh processed vegetables (Soliva-Fortuny and Martín-Belloso, 2003). H2O2 is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for some food applications, but has not yet been approved as an antimicrobial wash. It does not produce residues since it is rapidly decomposed by the enzyme catalase to water and O2 (Sapers, 2001). Various experimental antimicrobial applications of H2O2 for foods have been described, including preservation of vegetable salads, berries and fresh-cut melons (Hagenmaier and Baker, 1997) since it reduces microbial populations and extends the shelf-life without causing loss of quality. Sapers and Simmons (1998) recommended its use for fresh-cut melon as it extended the shelf-life for 4–5 days in comparison to chlorine treatments. However, they demonstrated that H2O2 is injurious to some commodities, causing bleaching of anthocyanins in mechanically damaged berries. H2O2 vapour delayed or reduced the severity of bacterial soft rot in fresh processed cucumber, green bell pepper and zucchini, but no effect on spoilage of fresh-cut broccoli was found (Hagenmaier and Baker, 1997). Additionally, an extended shelf-life was found in fresh processed cucumbers, green bell peppers and zucchini after washing in a 5–10 per cent solution of H2O2 for 2 min (Sapers and Simmons, 1998). It means that the applicability of H2O2 to a broad range of minimally fresh processed vegetables should be determined, especially with commodities that are subject to rapid spoilage.2. Acidic electrolysed waterThis is a new disinfectant technique for fresh produce that has been shown to be efficient due to its antimicrobial and antiviral activities for fruit and vegetables (Izumi, 1999; Koseki and Itoh, 2000). Electrolysis of water containing a small amount of sodium chloride generates a highly acidic hypochlorous acid solution containing 10–100 ppm of available chlorine. Koseki et al. (2001) found that acidic electrolysed water (pH 2.6, oxidation reduction potential, 1140mV; 30 ppm of available chlorine) reduced viable aerobes in shredded lettuce by 2 log cfu/g within 10 min, showing a higher disinfectant effect than ozonated water. They reported that the use of this new technique could be applicable for food factory hygiene, meaning that the use of acidic electrolysed water at home or restaurant kitchen just before eating fresh fruits and vegetables could preventpoisoning.According to this, Park et al. (2002) reported population reductions on lettuce leaves exceeding2.49 log units for E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes and Horton et al. (1998) reported population reductions of E. coli O157:H7 on apples of3.7–4.6 log units cfu/g. However, Izumi (1999) only found 1 log unit cfu/g reduction in the microbial population of fresh-cut vegetables.3. Chlorine dioxideChlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a strong oxidizing agent (about 2.5 times the oxidative capacity of chlorine) having a broad biocide efficacy (Singh et al., 2002), including a good biofilm penetration. To date, the FDA (USFDA, 1998) has allowed the use of aqueous ClO2 in washing of uncut and unpeeled fruit and vegetables. However, ClO2 is unstable and it must be generated on-site and can be explosive when concentrated (Jacxsens, 2002). Zhang and Farber (1996) found that the initial microbial load decreased by 1 log cycle of cfu/g for shredded lettuce inoculated with L. monocytogenes at levels of 5 mg/l ClO2 in aqueous solution. However, Reina et al. (1995) found that bacterial populations present on fresh processed cucumbers were not greatly influenced by ClO2 treatment, even at concentration of 5.1 mg/l. More recently, Singh et al. (2002) found that increasing the concentration of ClO2 in deionized water (5 mg/l for 1 and 5 min) resulted in a decrease in E. coli O157:H7 population on lettuce and baby carrots in comparison to washing with deionized water (control) for the same period.Increasing the washing period from 1 to 15 min with aqueous ClO2 (5 mg/l) showed no significant reduction in the population of E. coli O157:H7 on shredded lettuce. However, after washing baby carrots a reduction in E. coli O157:H7 was found.4. Organic acidsSeveral organic acids have been tested as alternative disinfectants to sanitize fresh-cut vegetable surfaces (Hilgren and Salverda, 2000). They may retard and/or prevent the growth of some microorganisms (Beuchat, 1998). Their antimicrobial activity is not generally due to killing of the cells but they affect the cells’ ability to maintain pH homeostasis, disrupting substrate transport and inhibiting metabolic pathways (Seymour, 1999). Peracetic acid has been recommended for treatment of process water (Hilgren and Salverda, 2000); however, population reductions for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, yeast and moulds on fresh-cut celery, cabbage and potatoes, treated with 80 ppm peracetic acid, were less than 1.5 log units cfu/g (Forney et al., 1991). Wright etal. (2000) obtained a 2 log units cfu/g reduction in apple slices inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 using 80 ppm peracetic acid, with an interval of 30 min between inoculation and treatment.On the other hand, Wisniewsky et al. (2000) found a reduction of less than 1 log unit cfu/g at the same concentration but in an interval of 24 h. Citric acid has been proposed as a very good coadjutant to the washing of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables due to its antibrowning power. It is a phenolase Cu-chelating agent and the inhibition of PPO was attributed to its chelating action (Jiang et al., 1999). Santerre et al. (1988) reported that application of citric acid can prevent browning of sliced apple thus extending shelf-life and it was shown that the combination of citric acid and ascorbic acid exhibited even more beneficial effects (Pizzocaro et al., 1993). Additionally, Jiang et al. (2004) found that the application of citric acid was effective in extending shelf-life and maintaining the quality of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut slices during storage.5. OzoneOzone (O3) is a strong oxidant and potent disinfecting agent and, when it is applied to food, it leaves no residues since it decomposes quickly. The biocide effect of O3 is caused by a combination of its high oxidation potential, reacting with organic material up to 3000 times faster than chlorine (EPRI, 1997). Even though it is new for the USA, it has been utilized in European countries for a long time (Guzel-Seydima et al., 2004).For instance, it has been commonly used as a sanitizer in water treatment plants since the early 1900s (Gomella, 1972) and also for disinfection of swimming pools, sewage plants, disinfection of bottled water and prevention of fouling of cooling towers in Europe (Gomella, 1972; Rice et al., 1981; Legeron, 1982; Schneider, 1982; Echols and Mayne, 1990; Costerton, 1994; Videla et al., 1995; Strittmatter et al., 1996). In 1997, an expert panel decreed that O3 was a GRAS substance for use as a disinfectant or sanitizer for foods when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices in the USA (Suslow, 2003) and it has now been approved for use as a disinfectant or sanitizer in foods and food processing in the USA (USDA, 1997, 1998). The bactericidal action of O3 has been studied and documented on a wide variety of organisms, including those that are resistant to chlorine, extending the shelf-life of a number of fruit and vegetables (Fetner and Ingols, 1956; Norton et al., 1968; Rice et al., 1982; Foegeding, 1985; Ishizaki et al., 1986; Foegeding and Busta, 1991; Restaino et al., 1995; Beuchat, 1998; Richardson et al., 1998; Aguayo, 2003). In fact, it has been proven thatO3 is suitable for washing and sanitizing solid food with intact and smooth surfaces (e.g. fruit and vegetables) and ozone-sanitized fresh produce has recently been introduced in the USA market. The use of O3 to sanitize equipment, packaging materials and the processing environment is currently being investigated (Kim et al.,2003). The modus operandi of O3 implicates the destruction of microorganisms by the progressive oxidationof vital cellular components. The bacterial cell surface has been suggested as the primary target of ozonation (Guzel-Seydima et al., 2004). Khadre and Yousef (2001) compared the effects of O3 and H2O2 against foodborne Bacillus spp. spores and found that O3 was more effective than H2O2. In shredded lettuce treated with O3, Kim et al. (1999) reported that bubbling O3 gas (49 mg/l, 0.5 l/min) in a lettuce-water mixture decreased the natural microbial load by 1.5–1.9 log unit cfu/g in 5 min. As a consequence, a number of patents have been issued for using O3 to treat fruit and vegetables. However, the results obtained by Singh et al. (2002) have shown that treatment with ozonated water (5.2 mg/l) did not result in any significant reduction in E. coli O157:H7 populations during 1–15 min of washing in shredded lettuce, although they found a reduction in microbial counts on baby carrots after 10 min exposure to 5.2 mg/l ozonated water. The reduced efficacy of ozonated water during lettuce washing might be due to more O3 demand of organic material in the medium as it was also found in melon fresh-cut pieces (Aguayo, 2003). It was shown that the use of O3 in the storage of vegetable products could have detrimental effects, as happened in some berries with very thin skin which can be easily penetrated by O3, oxidizing the fruit (Norton et al., 1968; Rice et al., 1982).The antimicrobial efficacy can be enhanced considerably when ozonation is combined with other chemical (e.g. H2O2) or physical (e.g. UV-C radiation) treatments. Mechanical action is also needed as a means to dislodge microorganisms from the surface of the food and expose them to the action of the sanitizer (Kim et al., 2003).6. Hot water treatmentsHeat preservation is one of the oldest forms of preservation known to man and has the potential to provide barriers to reduce microorganisms and inhibit enzyme activity, but this treatment is incompatible with fresh processed plant food since heat is associated with destruction of flavour, texture, colour and nutritional quality (Orsat et al., 2001). However, hot water treatments used to reduce or eliminate pathogens offer an alternative means to control the quality deterioration of fresh fruit and vegetables, as well as a means of enzyme inactivation (Bolin and Huxsoll, 1991). These mild heat treatments consist of subjecting the products to temperatures of 50–90°C for periods of time not exceeding 1–5 min. Loaiza-Velarde et al. (1997) reported that dipping lettuce in water at 45–55°C would extend the shelf-life and visual quality of minimally fresh processed lettuce by inhibiting the activity of PAL, which is the enzyme that initiates biosynthesis of phenolic compounds that leads to visible discoloration along the cut edge of the lettuce leaf (López-Gálvez et al., 1996). Additionally, Li et al. (2001) suggest that heat (50°C) treatment combined with 20 mg/l free chlorine for 90 smay have delayed browning and reduced initial populations of some groups of microorganisms naturally occurring on iceberg lettuce, but enhanced microbial growth during subsequent storage due to tissue damage.Delaquis et al. (1999, 2000) found a reduction of 2 log cfu/g in initial microbial load in lettuce washed with chlorinated water (100_l/l) at 47°C for 3 min, compared to washing at 4°C. However, in 2004, Delaquis et al. found that comparison between lettuce washed at 4°C and 50°C revealed that disinfection of the lettuce was improved by heat, although the difference in total microbial populations was only 1 log cfu/g.The application of mild heat treatments is commonly by using hot air, hot water or steam. Among them, hot water is the easiest conditioning treatment since it offers a great flexibility and easiest control(Barkai-Golan and Philips, 1991). However, Orsat et al. (2001) have demonstrated that it is possible to treat carrot sticks thermally with radio-frequency energy in less than 2 min at an internal temperature of 60°C, to reduce the microbial load before packaging while minimizing the detrimental effects on the sensory quality of the fresh-like product. The main difference in using this treatment is that in radio-frequency heating, the energy is absorbed directly within the material, the heating is rapid and uniform throughout the material and the technology is relatively simple to adapt to an existing processing line.保持微创新鲜已加工果蔬的微生物和感官质量的新兴技术（英文文献中文译稿）收获后水果对质量损失、生理病变、虫害等的保护的重点已经从使用农药转变为各种替代技术，包括生物控制、文化适应和物理方法如控制气氛、MAP和辐射。
(完整word版)物流外文文献翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their coreenergy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
物流外文文献翻译精选文档
物流外文文献翻译精选文档TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of percent, the average flow of goods from days to days, stock % lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits ofmutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over toothers, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence.Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regionalbranches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
物流外文文献及翻译_7355
文件出处 : Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34.原文The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessMahpula AAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third -party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords : Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluationindex 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degreebecome to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important componentof regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive rolein active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transportis the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outlineof the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP andtotal retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantagein the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics systemand competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools,more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem.This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation methodand heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logisticsrelated The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view isthat regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash -flow, information flow and cash flow.Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi -level and multi -dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of connection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system. Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development ofregional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (general administrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementaryand integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition.Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own informationmanagement system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文地区物流竞争力研究作者 Mahpula A纲要目前，物流的发展正表现出物流需求快速上涨、市场容量不停扩大、物流基础设备建设加快、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流家产正朝着信息化、全世界化和专业化的方向发展。
物流外文文献 中译英 英译中
一、英译汉Unit1 Exercise1（1）flow of goods 货物流通（2）point of consumption 消费地（3）requirements of consumers 消费需求（4）time and place utility 时间与地点效用（5）military logistics 军事物流（6）production logistics 生产物流（7）third-party logistics 第三方物流（8）supply chain management 供应链管理（9）inbound logistics 进货物流（10）outbound logistics 出货物流Unit2 Exercise2（1）infant formula 婴幼儿配方奶粉（2）specialized technical test 专业技术测试（3）mad-cow disease 疯牛病（4）foot-and-month disease 手足口病（5）agenda item 议程项目（6）U.S. bottoms 美国货船（7）Federal Transition Administration 美国联邦公共交通总署（8）cargo preference rules 货物优先规则Unit3 Exercise3（1）per-captia income 人均收入（2）inherent incentives 内在激励（3）technological leapfrogging 技术跨越（4）stepchild model 继子模式（5）routinely stockpile 例行库存（6）outright theft 公然盗窃（7）corrupt practice 腐败行为（8）excess manufacturing capacity 产能过剩（9）hazardous wastes 危险废物（10）fraudulent price 价格欺诈二、汉译英Unit1 Exercise1（1）增值过程value adding process（2）出货量batch size（3）追踪追寻track and tracing（4）正向货流forword flow of goods（5）逆向货流reverse flow of goods（6）文件流documentation flow（7）处理退货handling returns（8）订单处理order processing（9）废物处理salvage scrap disposal（10）内部运作perform in-houseUnit2 Exercise2（1）空运垄断Air carrier monopoly （2）施加压力keep the pressure on（3）移民部门immigration agents（4）双边协定bilateral agreements（5）价格均衡rate equalize（6）政府抵制governments' boycott （7）海上禁运maritime blockade（8）全球配额global quota（9）四四二分成the 40/40/20 split（10）坚强后盾the strong backingUnit3 Exercise3（1）过期食品outdated food（2）兽医用品veterinary products（3）完税价格dutiable value（4）货币储备reserves of currency（5）优惠汇率preferential exchanges rates （6）产业政策industrial policy（7）发展重点development emphasis （8）机场重建airport reconstruction （9）游牧人口nomadic populations （10）伦理困境ethical dilemma。
物流工程外文翻译---物流推动世界运转
本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译毕业设计（论文）题目：基于供应链管理的达方电子公司的采购管理研究外文题目：Logistics Make the World Go Round译文题目：物流推动世界运转学生姓名：专业：物流工程指导教师姓名：评阅日期：Logistics Make the World Go RoundDuring a panel discussion titled, "Logistics: Bridge to Global Prosperity," at the June 8-9 Wharton Global Forum in Istanbul, moderator George Day described logistics as "the connective tissue that makes the global economy work." Logistics, he said, can be "a huge source of competitive advantage and help expand and launch new business models." Combined with information technology, he added, logistics can "dramatically extend the geographic reach of both large and small organizations." To explore the ever-expanding role of logistics, Day was joined on the panel by Michel Akavi, CEO of DHL Worldwide Express, Middle East, Mirzan bin Mahathir, executive chairman and president of Malaysia-based Konsortium Logistiks Berhad, and Yavuz Cizmeci, chairman of Turkey's ACT Airlines."Logistics is moving the right product in the right quantities to the right place at the right time," stated Day, a Wharton marketing professor who has studied performance-based logistics in such companies as Cisco Systems and General Electric. "The really good supply chains have significantly lower costs, lower inventory and better customer service. Consider Cisco. Its after-sales service group is a $4 billion business and delivers 720,000 spare parts to the company's various manufacturing facilities. Logistics services include customers, field engineers, and fulfillment, distribution and materials repair centers. "The more effectively you manage logistics, the more effectively you take uncertainty out of the system," he said.Eight Trends in LogisticsPanelist Michel Akavi told the audience that when he asked a conference organizer where the panel was taking place, she replied that people would be "arriving a little late and a bit slowly. I said, 'Great. They need a logistics session to wake them up.'"Akavi provided that wake-up call with a discussion of what he sees as eight trends that currently affect logistics. The first is the "explosion" of global trade and global production due to the "the toppling of the old political order, especially the fall of communism. In addition, customs barriers have fallen, especially in Europe, and there is greater trade between the continent's eastern and western parts. Akavi also citedNAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement), MERCOSUR (the South American Free Trade Pact), the World Trade Organization, and GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) as creating a "wave of international trade. The more this happens, the more there is a need for logistics."Look at the Internet, he noted. Being a door-to-door document delivery company, "we were scared of the Internet. But fortunately, documents still need to be signed, sealed and stamped ... .We hope Turkey will not adopt the bad habit of electronic signatures when it joins the EU," he said with a smile, adding that "goods do not travel electronically, thank goodness." The more people use the Internet, the more business there is, the heavier the packages are and the greater the need for letters to move around the world.The second trend is the transition to a post-industrial society, Akavi said. "We have a stagnating population in western countries; the average age is increasing, more money is spent on communication and health, and less is spent on mass produced products. The trend is to more individual transient niche goods combined with services." That means a greater variety of goods needs to be transported, in more specialized ways, directly to users/consumers. "So the logistics industry must specialize in niches, such as the textile industry whose players need to be very responsive to fashion trends. You cannot produce a million products in one place at one time. You have to produce them quickly," often in different parts of the world.The third trend is that we now live in an "on-demand world, Akavi said. "We are a time-is-money society. We are moving to time-based competition. Speed is almost more important than a cheap price. You see that in micro electronics, with chips and game consuls. With PCs and phones, the term used is 'agility' -- the ability to get to the market first. Demand is changing the logistics world."The fourth trend is a growing environmental sensibility. People now ask: "How can we transport less, more efficiently, and how can we do more recycling," Akavi said. "In Europe, we see that the trucks on highways are getting more restricted. Austria is banning some truck traffic on weekends. Rails are being used more often to transport goods because less energy is used. There is also more concern about noisy planes. Wehad to change our fleet in Brussels to quieter planes, and we are moving the Brussels hub to Leipzig, Germany, an area where there are less people. Environmental concerns are shaping the industry."The fifth trend is the "rediscovery of structural process organization," based on greater efficiency and better organization, and the sixth trend is the "deregulation and privatization of public services in communication and transport. We are a good example," said Akavi. Deutsche Post, which owns DHL, "used to be a sleepy inefficient postal system for Germany. After it was privatized and modernized, it started to become profitable. Then it wondered what it should do; it couldn't just sell stamps all its life. So it moved from a postal service to an integrated logistics and transport company."The seventh trend is an orientation toward shareholder value. "Logistics is moving to focus on core competencies. We have seen companies divest so they can concentrate on their core business. There is more outsourcing of the transport function," which helps third party providers like DHL expand and also fuels the growth of specialized transport logistics companies.The eighth and last trend, according to Akavi, is newer communications technologies. "With the Internet, you can find out where your shipment is and contact your call center if the package is stuck. But now, you can also use mobile phones [to do that]. Tracking and tracing is becoming more available. Our company can trace all shipments automatically and detect those that are stuck before the client realizes the shipment hasn't arrived." The RFID -- radio frequency identification tags -- technology is "enormously important for our sector. Without RFID, it would be very hard to find your shipment in our huge warehouses. This [technology] will have a great impact in the coming years."Singapore's ExampleMirzan bin Mahathir, who described his Kuala Lumpur-based company, Konsortium Loistiks Berhad, as split into logistics components and logistics solutions, echoed Akavi's comment that companies are outsourcing their logistics more and more in order to concentrate on core competencies. He went on to note that "the bridge to global prosperity has two levels," the country level and the company level.On the country level, "nations must develop their logistics infrastructure in order to compete. It's not enough to attract manufacturing if you can't get manufactured good to the market in an efficient way," he said. Infrastructure includes building ports, airports, roads and bridges to move, not just goods, but people. Airports are especially critical: "In the Middle East everyone is realizing that airports are a vital piece of infrastructure" and many of them are being built, some close together."But the hardware itself is not enough. Physical infrastructure doesn't help if it is not going to be used effectively," Mirzan noted. Three things are needed: information technology, efficient physical movement and a reliable financial system. "In developing countries, these three things need to go hand in hand. In a few places this has happened, like Singapore. And it is improving in some of the other countries as well."In the logistics business, Mirzan added, goods need to be sent as directly as possible to the market, and they need to reach their destination on time. Yet various government obstacles can hinder that process, including excess paper work, burdensome inspections, and corruption. "If the leadership in any country were to look at logistics and see its role in bringing prosperity to its people, they would have to address these areas." Some countries get it, Mirzan said; others don't.From the company standpoint, he added, some are starting to look at themselves as logistics companies even when they are producing actual goods; it is a competitive advantage. Dell, he suggested, "is actually a logistics company that happens to be in the business of computers. They are very efficient at doing what they do, but it is mainly logistics."Software SolutionsPanelist Yavuz Cizmeci, chairman of ACT Airlines, reminded the audience that Istanbul has historically been a logistical crossroads for commerce and trade, and that Turkey itself is poised to be a logistics center of the future. The trend now, he said, is for many big companies to open branches in Turkey or buy companies already there, ready to take advantage of the country's increasing trade, and its sea, truck, railway and aircraft transportation options. Spending on logistics, he said, should take off in the near future.During a question and answer session, Akavi was asked how his company uses software solutions to optimize its logistics, such as truck loads. "Software is not logistics' core business," he said. "While there is still a lot of software development happening in house, we are working more and more with software developers to find solutions... . About 6% to 7% of our revenue is spent on IT and an increasing amount of it is outsourced."Another audience member noted that he had always perceived the logistics field as having ease of entry, as long as a company can move something from point A to point B. But with improvements in technology and with more mergers among existing companies -- and with small-sized companies still having an advantage in small communities -- are the mid-sized companies being squeezed out, or are there still opportunities for mid-sized companies to grow?"There is definitely room for small, medium and large companies," Akavi said. "We have become large but we offer integrated solutions. Some customers, however, need only a point A to point B transport. Sometimes a smaller size gives more flexibility and can offer better prices. If you don't need a huge network like we have, then there is a market for medium-sized companies."Cizmeci offered his own perspective: "I am a small company. But it doesn't matter what size you are as long as you do the job well and at the right price. As technology gets more and more complicated, life gets more and more complicated, and the big logistics companies cannot really [handle] this well. They need small, clever, cost-effective partners."物流推动世界运转6月8日至9日，沃顿全球校友论坛在伊斯坦布尔开幕。
物流外文文献翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related inFormation to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of inFormation. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users areactively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As athird-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core1energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and theUnited States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is astrategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the establishedlevel of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal,logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and inFormation constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the useof modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspectsof inFormation sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit oftheir own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency ofmutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practicalbusiness, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal inFormation system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of inFormation technology, logisticsand human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but inpractical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional Form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of Foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domesticlogistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and spaceutility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of thedensity problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computerinformation network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises mustincrease investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trendsin the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of anefficient global third party logistics inputs required For increasingthe capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”,军事后勤保障的原意,在二战结束后的第二面。
仓储物流外文文献翻译中英文原文及译文2023-2023
仓储物流外文文献翻译中英文原文及译文2023-2023原文1：The Current Trends in Warehouse Management and LogisticsWarehouse management is an essential component of any supply chain and plays a crucial role in the overall efficiency and effectiveness of logistics operations. With the rapid advancement of technology and changing customer demands, the field of warehouse management and logistics has seen several trends emerge in recent years.One significant trend is the increasing adoption of automation and robotics in warehouse operations. Automated systems such as conveyor belts, robotic pickers, and driverless vehicles have revolutionized the way warehouses function. These technologies not only improve accuracy and speed but also reduce labor costs and increase safety.Another trend is the implementation of real-time tracking and visibility systems. Through the use of RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags and GPS (global positioning system) technology, warehouse managers can monitor the movement of goods throughout the entire supply chain. This level of visibility enables better inventory management, reduces stockouts, and improves customer satisfaction.Additionally, there is a growing focus on sustainability in warehouse management and logistics. Many companies are implementing environmentally friendly practices such as energy-efficient lighting, recycling programs, and alternativetransportation methods. These initiatives not only contribute to reducing carbon emissions but also result in cost savings and improved brand image.Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have become integral parts of warehouse management. AI-powered systems can analyze large volumes of data to optimize inventory levels, forecast demand accurately, and improve operational efficiency. Machine learning algorithms can also identify patterns and anomalies, enabling proactive maintenance and minimizing downtime.In conclusion, warehouse management and logistics are continuously evolving fields, driven by technological advancements and changing market demands. The trends discussed in this article highlight the importance of adopting innovative solutions to enhance efficiency, visibility, sustainability, and overall performance in warehouse operations.译文1：仓储物流管理的当前趋势仓储物流管理是任何供应链的重要组成部分，并在物流运营的整体效率和效力中发挥着至关重要的作用。
物流外文文献及翻译
文献出处: Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34.原文The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessMahpula AAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degreebecome to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantagein the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view isthat regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of connection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development ofregional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (general administrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition.4.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own informationmanagement system as a crucial to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.译文区域物流竞争力研究作者 Mahpula A摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。
物流 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 组合优化和绿色物流
物流外文翻译外文文献英文文献组合优化和绿色物流附件2:外文原文(复印件)Combinatorial optimization and Green LogisticsAbstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce the area of Green Logistics and to describe some of the problems that arise in this subject which can be formulated as combinatorial optimization problems. The paper particularly considers the topics of reverse logistics, waste management and vehicle routing and scheduling. Keywords GreenLogistics、 Reverse logistics 、 Combinatorial optimization 、Waste management 、 Hazardous materials1 IntroductionGreen Logistics is concerned with producing and distributing goodsin a sustainable way,taking account of environmental and social factors. Thus the objectives are not only concerned with the economic impact of logistics policies on the organization carrying them out,but also with the wider effects on society, such as the effects of pollution on the environment. Green Logistics activities include measuring the environmental impact of different distribution strategies, reducing the energy usage in logistics activities, reducing waste and managing its treatment. In recent years there has been increasing concern about the environmental effects on the planet of human activity and currentlogistic practices may not be sustainable in the long term.Many organizations and businesses are starting to measure their carbonfootprints so that the environmental impact of their activities can be monitored. Governments are considering targets for reduced emissions and other environmental measures.There is therefore increasing interest in Green Logistics from companies and governments.Traditional logistics models for production and distribution have concentrated on minimizing costs subject to operational constraints. But consideration of the wider objectives and issues connected with Green Logistics leads to new methods of working and new models,some of which pose interesting new applications for operational research models of various types. A survey of all operational research models in this area would require a very long article and so the focus of this paper is to concentrate on some of the new or revised combinatorial optimization models that arise in Green Logistics applications. For those working in combinatorial optimization it is hoped that these new models will pose interesting new challenges that may have significant effects on the environment when the results are applied.The original version of this paper can be found in Sbihi and Eglese (2007). It discusses different areas that relate to the Green Logistics agenda. Section 2 concerns Reverse Logistics modelsthat take account of the full life-cycle of a product and the possibilities of various forms of recycling. Section 3 covers Waste Management that includes models for thetransportation of hazardous waste, roll-on roll-off containers andthe collection of household waste. Section 4 deals with Vehicle Routing models and issues relating toGreen Logistics objectives. Section 5 contains the final conclusions.2 Reverse LogisticsThere are various definitions of Reverse Logistics to be found inthe literature. For example,Fleischmann et al. (1997) say that reverse logistics is ―a process whichencompasses the logistics activities all the way from used productsno longer required by the user to products again usable in a market‖. Dowlatshahi (2000) explains ReverseLogistics as ―a process in which a manufacturer systematicallyaccepts previouslyshipped products or parts from the point for consumption forpossible recycling,re manufacturing or disposal‖. Later, the European Working Group on Reverse Logistics,REVLOG, Dekker et al. (2004), give this definition: ―The process of planning,implementing and controlling backward flows of raw materials, in process inventory,packaging and finished goods, from a manufacturing, distribution oruse point, to a pointof recovery or point of proper disposal‖.In their book, Rogers and Tibben-Lembke (1999)briefly consider the differences between Reverse Logistics and Green Logistics. In Reverse Logistics there should be some flow of products or goods back from the consumer to an earlier stage of the supply chain.The reduction of waste that this implies certainly means that Reverse Logistics should be included within Green Logistics. For example, De Brito and Van Der Laan (2003) examine inventory management issues when product returns must be estimated. However there will be other models of logistics activities involving only forward flows of goodsthat could not be described as reverse logistics, but if they include environmental considerations, will also be included within Green Logistics. For example,Mondschein and Schilkrut (1997)describe a mixed integerlinear programming model to determine the optimal investmentpolicies for the copper industry in Chile. A key part of the model was to control air pollution through emissions in the production process. Legislation within the European Community gives high importance to recycled products and, in some cases, it has established the responsibility for the end of life products to the manufacturers. For example, the Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) Directive (2002/96/EC)1 deals with this. Such legislationis one of the drivers in establishing the importance of reverse logistics operations. Most European companies will increasingly have tothink about incorporating Reverse Logistics activities in their business operations.2.1 Location models used in Reverse LogisticsThere is a huge amount of research in facility location theory in general. However, in the literature we found relatively few papers on this topic applicable to Reverse Logistics (RL). Krikke (1998) proposes some models for RL network design. He designsa model for a multi-product and multi-echelon situation. The model allows new facilities to be added with the corresponding cost functions when necessary. He proposes the design of a network graph and a transportation graph as basic inputs for his model. Barros et al. (1998) consider the problem of the recycling of sand (asubproduct of recycling construction waste) in the Netherlands. They propose a two-levellocation model for the sand problem and consider its optimization using heuristic procedures. Fleischmann et al. (2000) reviewed nine published case studies on logistics networkdesign for product recovery in different industries, and identified some general characteristics of product recovery networks, comparing them with traditional logistics structures. They classified the product recovery networks in three sub-areas: re-usable item networks, remanufacturing networks, and recycling networks.Other references deal with this topic (e.g., Krikke 1998; Sarkis 2001; Fleischmann2001). Most of the models developed in this field are similar to the traditional location problems,in particular location-allocation models (see Kroon and Vrijens 1995; Ammonset al. 1999;Spengler et al. 1997; Marìn and Pelegrìn 1998; Jayaraman et al. 1999; Krikkeet al. 1999,2001; Fleischmann et al. 2000). In most of the models, transportation andprocessing costs were minimized while the environmental costs associated with the designed network were often neglected.2.2 Dynamic lot-sizing problemThe dynamic lot sizing problem in its simplest form considers a facility, possibly a warehouse or a retailer, which faces dynamic demand for a single item over a finite horizon (see Wagner and Whitin 1958). The facility places orders for the item from asupply agency, e.g.,a manufacturer or a supplier, which is assumedto have an unlimited quantity of the product.The model assumes a fixed ordering (setup) cost, a linear procurement cost for each unit purchased, and a linear holding cost for each unit held in inventory per unit time. Given the time varying demand and cost parameters, the problem is to decide when and how much to order at the facility in each period so that all demand is satisfied at minimum cost.The dynamic lot-sizing problem has been well studied in the pastsince it was first introduced more than four decades ago. The exact solution technique, known as the Wagner- Whitin algorithm, based onDynamic Programming is well known in production planning and inventory control. For more information about this model, see the books by Bramel and Simchi-Levi (1997), Johnson and Montgomery (1974) and Silver et al.(1996). A variety of heuristic methods have also been proposed, for example the Silver-Meal heuristic described in Silver and Meal (1973).In Teunter et al. (2006) a variant of the basic lot sizing model is considered where the serviceable stock may also be made using a remanufacturing operation that utilizes returns and produces serviceable stock that is indistinguishable from the newly manufactured stock. Examples of remanufacturing include single-use cameras and copiers. An inventory system with remanufacturing can be described in Fig . 1. The model studied makes the following assumptions:– no disposal option for returns;– holding cost for serviceables is greater than holding cost for returns;– variable manufacturing and remanufacturing costs are not included.The objective is again to minimize the sum of the set-up costs and holding costs. Two variants are considered. In the first it is assumedthat there is a joint set-up cost formanufacturing and remanufacturing which is appropriate when the same production line is used for both processes. The second variant assumes separate set-up costs for manufacturing and remanufacturing. We review these models in the next two sections. 3 Waste managementThe widely acknowledged increase in solid waste production, together with the increased concern about environmental issues, have led local governments and agencies to devote resources to solid waste collection policy planning. Waste management is a key process to protect the environment and conserve resources. In recent years, policies of governments towards waste management have focused on waste avoidance, reuse and recycling. As a result there has been significant progress in these management areas, particularly for the more developed nations. The environmental aspects of waste management means that activities concerning the transport of waste materials are clearly part of the Green Logistics agenda.4 Vehicle routing and schedulingThe Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problem (VRSP) concerns the determination of routes and schedules for a fleet of vehicles to satisfy the demands of a set of customers. The basic Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) can be described in the following way.We are given a set of homogeneous vehicles each of capacity Q, locatedat a central depot and a set of customers with known locations and demands to be satisfied by deliveries from the central depot. Each vehicle route must start and end at the central depot and the total customer demand satisfied by deliveries on each route must not exceed the vehicle capacity, Q. The objective is to determine a set of routes for thevehicles that will minimize the total cost. The total cost isusually proportional to the total distance traveled if the number of vehicles is fixed and may also include an additional term proportional to the number of vehicles used if the number of routes may vary.The CVRP and many of its variants have been well studied in the literature since its introduction by Dantzig and Ramser (1959). Its exact solution is difficult to determine forlarge-scale problems as it is a member of the class of NP-hard problems. Specialisedalgorithms are able to consistently find optimal solutions for cases with up to about 50 customers; larger problems have been solved to optimality in some cases, but often at the expense of considerable computing time.In practice, other variations and additional constraints that must be taken into consideration usually make the vehicle routing problem even more difficult to solve to optimality.So many solution procedures are based on heuristic algorithms that are designed to provide good feasible solutions within an acceptable computing time, but without a guarantee of optimality.There are several books and survey articles that summarize different approaches and provide references to the large number of journalarticles that have been written on this topic (e.g., Golden and Assad 1988; Toth and Vigo 2001). There are many other researchworks about the classical CVRP. Some exact methods have beentailored for this problem (e.g., Laporte and Nobert 1987; Agarwal et al. 1989; Lysgaard et al. 2004;Fukasawa et al.2006). Others have proposed approximate methods and heuristics due to the complexity of the problem and the need to solve it in a reasonable computing time (see Gendreau et al.2002; Laporte and Semet 2002; Cordeau and Laporte 2004; Cordeauet al. 2005). Most of these approaches are based on local search techniques.Most papers assume that the costs and times of traveling between the depot and the customers and between customers are known and fixed. They are either given or calculated using a shortest path algorithm on the graph or network representing the locations. In practice,the times and shortest paths may vary, particularly by time of day. 5 Conclusions This paper has described the field covered by Green Logistics and described some of the new problems that arise when the objectives considered are not simply economic, but involve wider environmental and social considerations too. There are many different types of operational research models that have key roles to play in dealing with Green Logistics issues, but in this paper we have concentrated on describing areas where combinatorial optimization is central to the design of acceptable solutions. It is expected that as environmental factors assume increasing importance, the effective use of combinatorialoptimization theories and techniques will be needed to meet the challengesof new problems.There is a research consortium in the UK working on many different aspects of Green Logistics models and more information can be found on the website of the Green Logistics project. The Green Logistics project includes several work modules that relate to topics covered in this review such as reverse logistics and the effect of vehicle routing and scheduling policies on the Green Logistics agenda.附件1:外文资料翻译译文组合优化和绿色物流摘要:本文的目的是介绍绿色物流领域及描述通过组合优化制定中出现的一些问题。
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建设与管理工程学院本科生毕业设计（论文）英文翻译学生姓名：陈玮易学号： 312012********* 专业：物流管理年级： 2012级指导教师：潘恒日期： 2016年4月15日建设与管理工程学院制基于SLP的物流中心布局研究Yannan Liu & Qilan Zhao陈玮易2012级、物流管理，陈玮易，312012*********原文摘要：Systematic layout planning (SLP) has been widely applied to the production system, but not to the service system. Combined with the goals, influencing factors, and conditions of logistics center layout, this paper probes into the application of SLP to the layout of the rapidly increasing logistics centers in large- and medium-sized cities in recent years. According to the logistics relationship and nonlogistics relationship between work units in the logistics center, the author decides the position of work units and maps out the initial position relationship chart. Through further amendments and adjustment based on the move line and other factors, the author gets the feasible layout plan. Finally, this paper uses a medicine logistics center in Jiangsu Province as an example to design, analyze, and evaluate for the purpose of providing some theoretical basis and method for reference in the service system layout.基于SLP的物流中心布局研究Yannan Liu 和 Qilan Zhao摘要：系统布局规划（SLP）已被广泛应用于生产系统，而不是服务于系统的。
结合目标，影响因素和物流中心布局的条件，探讨了近年来大中小城市应用SLP 物流中心的布局的急剧增加。
根据物流关系和非运销在物流中心之间的工作单位的关系，作者决定根据工作单位的位置，绘制出初始位置关系图。
通过基于移动线及其他因素进一步修正和调整，笔者得到可行的布局规划。
最后，本文以江苏省医药物流中心为例，对其进行了设计、分析、评价，为服务体系布局提供一定的理论依据和方法参考。
关键词：SLP 物流中心布局设计2.1引言自进入二十一世纪，物流产业在中国得到了迅速的成长，物流中心的数量也急剧增加。
全国各地许多大型和中型城市正计划设立物流中心。
物流中心是综合性的，大量材料区域性集中，它是一个中介于生产和销售之间的的企业，整合了商品流，物流，信息流和现金流。
物流中心的合理布局获得了越来越多的关注，这也是许多学者研究的热点。
首先，人们用他们的经验和感觉去设计物流中心。
在上世纪50年代，从传统的小系统到大的复杂系统的开发，只有经验是很难设计物流中心的。
因此，与不同学科的融合发展，系统工程的概念和系统的分析方法已经在布局规划中使用，以及一些更先进的设计方法已经逐渐显露。
其中最具代表性的方法是在1961年由美国的R.Muther提出系统布局规划（SLP）。
设施布局问题研究是在SLP的基础上从定性的阶段发展到定量阶段。
SLP也被广泛应用于各种生产系统和服务的系统。
最后，它提高了SLP的水平。
2.2目标，影响因素和物流中心布局的条件2.2.1物流中心布局的目标确定物流中心的位置后，物流中心布局的总体目标是使物流活动过程中的人员、设备和物质空间处于最合适的分配和最有效的组合。
具体目标可以是物流总成本最小，工作单位间彼此接近关系密切，简化运输路线，缩短相似工作单位之间的距离，避免迂回运输等等。
2.2.2物流中心布局的影响因素布局设计对生产性能或服务系统的性能有显着影响。
对于一个物流中心，其布局对物流，信息流，物流运作效率，成本，以及整个系统的安全性有直接影响。
所以，对物流中心布局的影响因素如下：1.物流中心的性质和功能。
由于物流中心的性质和功能不同，所以选择设备种类和数量是不同的。
物流中心的规模和布局也不一样。
据其核心功能，物流中心有三种类型：中转物流中心，仓储物流中心，配送物流中心。
2.物流中心的基本操作流程。
物流中心的主要活动是采购、仓储、配送、流通加工、包装、返回等。
其操作过程对人员，设备和物流路线有影响。
3.工作单位之间的物流关系和非物流关系。
物流的关系是，有工作单位之间的物流联系。
与人际交往、行政事务等活动可以表示为工作单位之间的非物流关系。
关系紧密程度高的工作单位应相互靠近。
2.2.3SLP在布局物流中心的适用条件在适用于SLP物流中心布局需要明确的5个基本要素，即P（物流产品），Q（物流量）、R（物流路线）、S（服务部门），和T（物流作业时间或技术）。
前两个基本要素是最重要的。
不同的物流产品对仓储、装卸、物流等物流活动有不同的要求。
最终，它会导致不同的物流路线。
更为不同的是，采用不同的物流设备和技术，决定了物流运作的时间。
物流中心的工作数量反映所有单位的物流强度；物流路线、距离、和物流强度的影响，这反映在物流成本与效率。
因此，SLP可以在基于物流产品类别，物流量和其它因素物流中心的布局中使用。
2.3基于SLP布局的主要步骤在SLP的引导下，第一个步骤是使用量化的方法来分析工作单位之间的物流关系和非物流关系，然后找到工作单位之间重复的关系。
工作单位之间的密切程度决定了工作单位之间的距离。
根据这个我们可以安排它的位置。
通过进一步的修改和调整，根据移动线路等因素，我们可以得到可行的布局方案。
具体布局程序如下。
2.3.1物流操作流程和工作单位的设置物流中心的主要活动是采购、仓储、配送、流通加工、包装、返回等。
在规划设计之前，必须明确物流的主要运作流程。
然后，我们分析了相应的P，Q，R，S和T的元素。
根据分析，我们可以划分工作单位。
2.3.2工作单位之间的相关分析用物流强度来描述工作单位之间的物流关系是合理的。
物流强度分为五个行列：A，E，I，O和U，如表2.1所示。
我们可以使用由R.Muther提出的关系紧密程度来形容工作单位之间的非物流关系。
如果两个单位有活动频繁，他们的关系亲密程度高，反之亦然。
首先，关系密切程度分为六个等级：A，E，I，O，U 和X，如表2.2所示。
然后，列出密切的关系（见表2.3）的原因。
利用这些信息，我们可以确定工作单位之间的相关性。
根据相关度越高，距离越近。
2.3.3工作单位之间的综合关联分析整合物流关系和非物流关系。
根据每个关系的一定的权重，计算工作单元i 和工作单位 j (i, j = 1, 2,…, n和j ≠ i)之间的复合相关性。
表2.3亲密关系的原因2.3.4确定所有工作单位的相对位置，并最终得到可行的布置方案设计一个物流中心的布局,第一步不是直接考虑占地面积和所有的工作单位的形状,而是考虑单位之间的复合相关性。
如果两个工作单位的复合相关性较高，它们之间的距离更短，反之亦然。
在布局过程中，根据序列的综合相关度，定位不同的工作单元。
如果有些工作单位在同一水平上,我们用分数决定他们的相对位置。
根据上面的步骤,我们可以得到初步的理论位置的单位,然后,我们得到最终可行的布局计划通过进一步修改和调整根据实际面积,移动,和其他因素。
2.4案例分析本文以医药物流中心为例，根据药品物流、移动路线、实际地面条件，设计并分析其特点。
本文合理划分各功能区，解决问题的撤离，节约土地，符合有关规定，旨在验证可行性和SLP合理性。
2.4.1商业背景Y医药物流中心位于江苏省，是一个第三方医药物流企业。
它主要提供药品交易平台，采购、储存、拣选、包装、配送、信息处理、和许多进入企业的增值服务。
物流中心计划覆盖125个区域的单位。
其建筑面积为180000平方米，仓储面积约为80000平方米。
医药物流中心有其自身的特点。
药品可以分为三种类型，即常温药，需要冷藏的药品和精神药品。
这三种类型的药物必须分开存放，使用不同的存储设施，并给予不同的关注。
因此本文将医药物流中心分为以下几个工作单位。
（1）工作区；（2）到达分拣区；（3）自动存储/检索系统（AS / RS）；（4）冷藏区；（5）精神药品储存区；（6）拣货区；（7）包装加工区；（8）收集和发布；和（9）服务区。
2.4.2 SLP的应用1.分析物流关系（见图2.1）和非关系的物流（见图2.2）工作单位之间。
2.测定的物流关系和非物流关系的相对重要性。
Y的医药物流中心，两个关系的权重为1：1。
3.量化物流强度等级和非物流关系的紧密程度。
通常情况下，A = 4，E = 3，I =2，O = 1，U = 0，X = -1。
4.当的工作单元的数量是N，可以使用以下等式来计算的总匹配数：P = N（N - 1）/ 2。
在这里，N = 9 SOP = 36。
5.计算工作单位之间的复合关系（见表2.4）。
6.切换复合相关分数（见表2.4）到复合关联密切程度等级（参见表2.5）。
然后，绘制复合相关图表（参见图2.3）。
7.确定所有的工作单位的相对位置。
根据图2.3，工作单位的复合物的相关性越高，它们的距离越短（见图2.4）。
8.分析移动线。
物流中心的移动线因不同的土地和物流产品而不同。
有五种类型,即I, L, U, O,和S。
I型是最简单的，它适用于矩形物流中心的入口到出口。
S 型是最复杂的，很适用于安排一个很长的物流路线。
Y医药物流中心是接近长方形。
Y医药物流中心的主要活动是备货，仓储，分拣，包装，配送，信息处理等诸多增值服务。
为此，本文拟设计Y医药物流中心L型与U型组合（见图2.5）。
9.最终可行的布局方案。
调整后,最终布置图见图2.6。
图2.1工作单位之间的物流关系图2.2工作单位之间的非物流关系7–9 U 0 U 0 0 U8–9 U 0 E 3 3 O总计36 100总得分关系紧密程度匹配数比例（%）8 A 1 2.86–7 E 3 8.3 4–5 I 4 11.13 O4 11.10–2 U 23 63.9 -1 X 1 2.8 总计36 100图2.3综合相关图表计划1计划2图2.4工作单位的相对位置图2.5移动线路图2.6最后的布局图2.4.3评估通过对九个主要工作单位的划分，设计了医药物流中心，考虑了物流与非物流的关系。