电动汽车英文文献
有关新能源汽车的参考文献
有关新能源汽车的参考文献参考文献：1. Liu, P., Kong, F., Sun, X., Zhang, X., & Lin, L. (2019). A comprehensive review on lithium-ion battery cell equalization techniques for electric vehicles. Energy Storage Materials, 22, 321-334.本文是一篇综述文章，详细讨论了电动汽车中锂离子电池的均衡技术。
文章回顾了不同均衡技术的原理、优缺点以及在实际应用中的性能表现。
通过该综述，读者可以了解到当前电动汽车中锂离子电池均衡技术的进展情况，有助于为新能源汽车的电池管理提供科学依据。
2. He, W., & Mi, C. (2020). Battery thermal management with phase change materials for electric vehicles: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, 215, 112938.本文综述了电动汽车电池的热管理技术，重点关注了相变材料在电动汽车中的应用。
文章介绍了相变材料的热性能以及其在电动汽车电池热管理中的潜在优势。
通过该综述，读者可以了解到相变材料在电动汽车领域中的前沿进展，对于新能源汽车的电池热管理技术提供了重要参考。
3. Wang, Y., Kan, X., Su, L., & Zhang, G. (2020). A review of electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning and optimization models: Problems and solutions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 130, 109985.本文综述了电动汽车充电基础设施的规划和优化模型，重点介绍了相关问题和解决方案。
汽车新能源论文中英文版
new energy automobileIn 1839, Robert Anderson of Scotland to a carriage mounted on the battery and the electric motor, its successful transformation of the world's first a vehicle driven by electricity, which opened the curtain for the development of electric vehicles.Works flow route of electric vehicles: battery - current - power regulator - motor - drivetrain - drive the vehicle, power drive Move and control system is the core of the electric car is different from different points of the internal combustion engine vehicle;From a global point of view, the development of electric vehicles in China and developed countries almost stand on the same starting line,the vehicle has been initially formed products development system supporting the management mechanism and team composition, pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, like cars have been achieved, key components, the fuel cell engine is the formation of the system, high-power nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion battery performance has been greatly enhanced, multi-energy control system initially formed.The main purpose of this writing is to deepen their own understanding of electric vehicles, so that more people understand the new energy and electric vehicles, and the majority of their prime comrades of electric vehicles are interested ability, can also be for our country or for The world automobile Energy to contribute their value.Even China's electric car industry has made a lot of progress, but today such a grim situation, before the dual crisis of energy and the environment has not been resolved, still need to continue to work hard, especially shoulder motherland in the future development of the important task of contemporary college students should the burdens of this great mission and responsibility.新能源汽车1839年，苏格兰的罗伯特·安德森给四轮马车装上了电池和电动机，将其成功改造为世界上第一辆靠电力驱动的车辆由此拉开了电动汽车发展的帷幕。
新能源汽车英文作文范文
新能源汽车英文作文范文With the increasing awareness of environmentalprotection and the depletion of traditional energy sources, new energy vehicles have become a hot topic in the automotive industry. New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use new energy sources as power, such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles have the advantages of low pollution, energy saving, and sustainable development. In recent years, the development of new energy vehicles has been vigorously promoted by various countries, and many policies and measures have been introduced to support the development and promotion of new energy vehicles.The development of new energy vehicles has brought great changes to the automotive industry. As a new type of vehicle, new energy vehicles have many advantages. First of all, new energy vehicles have low pollution and low emissions, which can effectively reduce air pollution and improve environmental quality. With the increasing severity of environmental problems, the development and promotion ofnew energy vehicles have become an important way to achieve sustainable development. Secondly, new energy vehicles can reduce energy consumption and save energy resources. The use of new energy vehicles can effectively reduce the consumption of traditional fossil fuels, alleviate the pressure of resource depletion, and promote the sustainable development of energy. In addition, the development of new energy vehicles can also drive the transformation and upgrading of related industries, promote the development of new energy vehicle industry chain, and create new economic growth points.In recent years, the development of new energy vehicles has achieved rapid progress. Various countries have introduced policies and measures to promote the development and promotion of new energy vehicles, and the market share of new energy vehicles has continued to increase. As a result, many automakers have increased their investment in new energy vehicles and accelerated the development of new energy vehicle technology. With the continuous improvement of new energy vehicle technology and the reduction of production costs, the market competitiveness of new energy vehicles has been continuously enhanced, and new energyvehicles have gradually become the main force in the automotive market.In addition to the support of policies and measures, the development of new energy vehicles also faces many challenges. First of all, the construction of charging infrastructure is relatively lagging behind, and the lack of charging facilities has become a bottleneck restricting the development of new energy vehicles. Secondly, the driving range and battery life of new energy vehicles still need to be improved, and the high cost of batteries is also a major obstacle to the popularization of new energy vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of charging infrastructure, improve thedriving range and battery life of new energy vehicles, and reduce the cost of new energy vehicles in order to promote the large-scale popularization of new energy vehicles.As a new trend in the automotive industry, the development of new energy vehicles has broad prospects. With the increasing attention to environmental protection and the continuous improvement of new energy vehicle technology, new energy vehicles will play an important rolein the future automotive market. It is believed that through the joint efforts of governments, enterprises, and society, the development and promotion of new energy vehicles will achieve greater success, and new energy vehicles will become the mainstream of the automotive market in the future.随着环保意识的增强和传统能源的枯竭，新能源汽车已成为汽车行业的热门话题。
电动汽车中英文对照外文翻译文献
电动汽车中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)电动车：正在进行的绿色交通革命？随着世界上持续的能源危机，战争和石油消费以及汽车数量的增加，能源日益减少，有一天它会消失得无影无踪。
石油并不是可再生资源。
在石油消耗枯竭之前必须找到一种能源与之替代。
随着科技的发展和社会进步，电动车的发明将会有效的缓解这一燃眉之急。
电动汽车将成为理想的交通工具。
面临能源成本居高不下、消费者和政府更加重视环境保护的情况下，世界汽车制造商正加大对可替代能源性混合动力汽车技术的开发投资。
该技术能极大削减燃料消费，减少温室气体排放。
许多人把目光投向了日本和美国的汽车制造商，关心他们开发混合动力和电池电动车的进展情况。
丰田普锐斯一跃成为世界上销量最好的混合动力车。
美国的新兴汽车制造商，Tesla Motors，推出了该公司首部电池电力车，名为Tesla Roadster。
截至2010年底，通用汽车公司计划推出备受赞誉的V olt混合动力汽车，而克莱斯勒公司最近已经宣布同样的计划正在进行之中。
目前，中国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，确立了以混合电动汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车为“三纵”，以整车控制系统、电机驱动系统、动力蓄电池/燃料电池为“三横”的研发布局，通过产学研紧密合作，中国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。
形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。
混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。
除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。
从目前情况来看，中国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。
截止到2009年1月31日，在混合动力车辆技术领域，中国知识产权局受理并公开的中国专利申请为1116件。
关于新能源汽车的英语文章
New Energy Vehicles: Driving the Future of Sustainable TransportationIn the contemporary era of rapid technological advancements, the automotive industry is undergoing a paradigm shift. The emergence of new energy vehicles (NEVs) represents a significant milestone in this transition, heralding a new era of sustainable transportation. These vehicles, powered by alternative sources of energy such as electricity, hydrogen, and solar, are revolutionizing the way we travel, reducing our dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating the environmental impacts of traditional automobiles.The rise of NEVs is not just a technological trend;it's a societal imperative. With the escalating concerns over climate change and air pollution, the need for eco-friendly modes of transportation has become increasingly urgent. NEVs offer a viable solution, offering reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and quieter operation. This shift towards sustainability is not only beneficialfor the environment but also presents economicopportunities, driving innovation and job creation in the automotive sector.One of the most prominent types of NEVs is electric vehicles (EVs). These vehicles are powered by batteries, eliminating the need for internal combustion engines and the associated emissions. The popularity of EVs has grown significantly in recent years, with an increasing number of manufacturers offering a diverse range of models, from compact cars to heavy-duty trucks. The development of advanced battery technology has been a key driver in the widespread adoption of EVs, enabling longer driving ranges and faster charging times.Another noteworthy area in the NEV landscape is hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. These vehicles use hydrogen as a fuel source, converting it into electricity through a chemical reaction. This process produces only water as a byproduct, making hydrogen fuel cell vehicles truly zero-emission. While the infrastructure for hydrogen fueling stations is still in its infancy, the potential of this technology is immense, offering a clean and efficient alternative to fossil fuels.Moreover, the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar power into NEVs is gaining momentum. Solar-powered vehicles harness the sun's energy to charge their batteries, further reducing their carbon footprint. While solar-powered vehicles may not yet be suitable for all types of transportation, they represent a promising direction for future development.However, the widespread adoption of NEVs faces several challenges. One of the primary concerns is the cost of these vehicles, which is often higher than traditional gasoline-powered cars. Government incentives and subsidies can help offset these costs and encourage consumers to make the switch. Additionally, the infrastructure for charging stations and hydrogen fueling facilities needs to be expanded to support the growing number of NEVs on the road. Another challenge is the need for standardized charging and fueling protocols. Different manufacturers often use proprietary systems, which can create inconveniences for consumers. Establishing universal standards would greatly enhance the usability and adoption of NEVs.Despite these challenges, the future of NEVs looks bright. As technology continues to evolve and costs come down, these vehicles are expected to become more accessible and widespread. Innovations in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and renewable energy integration willfurther enhance the performance and sustainability of NEVs. Moreover, the automotive industry is collaborating with governments, research institutions, and other stakeholdersto address the challenges facing NEVs. These collaborations are focused on developing new technologies, improving infrastructure, and creating policies that support the widespread adoption of sustainable transportation solutions. In conclusion, new energy vehicles represent a pivotal shift in the automotive industry, ushering in a new era of sustainable transportation. While challenges remain, the potential benefits of NEVs are immense, offering reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and economic opportunities. As technology and infrastructure continue to evolve, we can expect to see a growing number of NEVs onour roads, driving us towards a more sustainable future.**新能源汽车：驱动可持续交通的未来**在当今科技飞速发展的时代，汽车行业正经历着范式转变。
新能源汽车英语作文英文
新能源汽车英语作文英文英文，New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) are a crucial part of our future transportation landscape. These vehicles are powered by alternative energy sources, such as electricity, hydrogen, or solar power, rather than traditional fossil fuels. There are several reasons why NEVs are gaining popularity around the world.Firstly, NEVs are much more environmentally friendly than traditional vehicles. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which helps reduce air pollution and combat climate change. As the world becomes more aware of the environmental impact of fossil fuels, there is a growing demand for cleaner transportation options.Secondly, NEVs are more energy-efficient thantraditional vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs), for example, can convert over 60% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels. In contrast, internal combustion engine vehicles can only convert about 20% of the energystored in gasoline. This efficiency makes NEVs a more sustainable option for the future.Additionally, NEVs offer lower operating costs for consumers. While the initial purchase price of an NEV may be higher than that of a traditional vehicle, the cost of electricity or hydrogen fuel is often lower than gasoline or diesel. Moreover, maintenance costs for NEVs are generally lower, as they have fewer moving parts and require less frequent servicing.Furthermore, governments around the world are incentivizing the adoption of NEVs through subsidies, tax breaks, and other measures. These incentives help make NEVs more affordable for consumers and encourage manufacturers to invest in new technologies.In conclusion, NEVs are an important part of the future of transportation. They offer environmental benefits, energy efficiency, lower operating costs, and government incentives. As technology advances and infrastructure improves, NEVs will become an even more attractive optionfor consumers.中文，新能源汽车（NEV）是未来交通格局中至关重要的一部分。
国外关于新能源汽车的文献
国外关于新能源汽车的文献
1.'TheFutureofElectricVehicles:OpportunitiesandChallenges'(英国)-这篇文献讨论了电动汽车的未来发展趋势、机遇和挑战，探讨了政策、技术和市场等方面的影响因素。
2. 'Electric Vehicle Policies and Market Development in China' (中国) - 这篇文献主要介绍了中国的新能源汽车政策和市场发展情况，分析了政策实施效果和未来发展趋势。
3. 'The Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Power Grid' (美国) - 这篇文献探讨了电动汽车对电网的影响，包括充电需求、电网负荷和能源管理等方面的问题。
4. 'Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles' (日本) - 这篇文献介绍了电动汽车用电池技术的发展历程，讨论了不同类型电池的优缺点和应用范围。
5. 'The Economics of Electric Vehicles' (德国) - 这篇文献分析了电动汽车的经济学特征，包括成本结构、市场需求和政策支持等方面的因素。
6. 'The Role of Renewable Energy in Electric Vehicle Charging' (丹麦) - 这篇文献讨论了可再生能源在电动汽车充电方面的应用和前景，探讨了能源转型和环保需求等方面的关联。
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新能源汽车外文翻译文献
新能源汽车外文翻译文献Electric Cars: XXX?As the XXX crises。
wars。
and increasing oil n。
the need for alternative XXX not a renewable resource。
and we must find a replacement before XXX and social progress。
the n of electric cars XXX.Faced with high XXX costs。
growing XXX。
XXX and American automakers。
XXX Prius has e the world's best-selling hybrid car。
Tesla Motors。
a new American automaker。
has launched its first battery-powered car。
the Tesla Roadster。
As of the end of 2010.XXX hybrid car。
and XXX a similar plan is underway.Currently。
XXX vehicles。
XXX。
key components。
and system n。
They have established a research institute with "three verticals" of hybrid electric vehicles。
pure electric vehicles。
and fuel cell vehicles。
and "three horizontals" of vehicle controlsystems。
motor drive systems。
and power XXX industry。
电动汽车历史与发展外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
电动车发展史
1、 法国汽车发展史
1
在汽车发展史上，法国人有着自己独特的地位。早在 1769 年，法国陆军技术军 官居尼奥就在政府的支持下试制成功了世界上第一辆具有实用价值的蒸汽汽车，从而 引发了世界性的研究和制造汽车的热潮。但随后到来的法国大革命却让法国的汽车研 究中断了几十年,直到 1828 年,巴黎技工学校校长配夸尔制造了一辆蒸汽牵引汽车，其 独创的差速器及独立悬挂技术至今仍在汽车上广泛应用着。法国出现第一辆汽油汽车 是在 1890 年，由阿尔芒·标致创立的标致公司生产,一战前,标致的年产量达到 1.2 万 辆,到 1939 年时年产量达 4.8 万辆.而 1915 年创办的雪铁龙汽车公司发展更快， 在二十 年代初年产量就突破 10 万辆，1928 年日产达汽车 400 辆,占全法汽车产量三分之一。 另一创办于 1898 年的大型汽车厂雷诺汽车公司发展也很快，1914 年便形成了大规模 生产，一战期间更是因军火生产而筹集了大量资金用于汽车生产。进入 80 年代，世 界性的经济危机使法国汽车工业受到了一定的挫折，雷诺公司更是连年亏损， 1984 年产量急剧下降到 30 万辆，但几年后雷诺公司便恢复了元气，1999 年 3 月还收购了 日产汽车公司 36.8%的股份，去年的产量达 229 万辆。法国汽车的总体特点就是车体 较小而设计新颖，符合大众化的方向，因此在西欧成为家庭轿车的热门，雷诺的“丽 人行”微型车在欧洲曾多次获销量第一。但是在豪华车、跑车领域，法国汽车公司就 不如美、德、日等国汽车公司出色，这成为法国汽车业的遗憾。
电动汽车中英文文献
China Hybrid Electric Vehicle Development With the depletion of oil resources, increase awareness of environmental protection, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of all of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles as a "three vertical " To vehicle control systems, motor drive systems, power battery / fuel cell for the "three horizontal" distribution of R & D, through close links between production cooperation, China's independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress. With completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) technology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the key. From the current situation, China has established a hybrid electric vehicle power system through Cooperative R & D technology platforms and systems, made a series of breakthroughs for vehicle development has laid a solid foundation. As of January 31, 2009, Technology in hybrid vehicles, China Intellectual Property Office to receive and open for the 1116 patent applications in China. In 1116 patent applications, invention 782 (authority for the 107), utility model for the 334. Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop various types of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%. Meanwhile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial R & D investment significantly enhanced, accelerating the pace of industrialization. Currently, domestic automakers have hybrid vehicles as the next major competitive products in the strategic high priority, FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC Motor, Changan, Chery, BYD, etc. have put a lot of manpower, material resources, Hybrid prototyping has been completed, and some models have achieved low-volume market. FAW Group Development Goal: By 2012, the Group plans to build an annual capacity of 11,000 hybrid cars, hybrid bus production base of 1000. FAW Group since 1999 and a new energy vehicles for theoretical research and development work, and the development of a red car performance hybrid sample. "15" period, the FAW Group is committed to the national "863" major project in the "red card in series hybrid electric vehicle research and development" mission, officially began the research and development of new energy vehicles. Beginning in 2006, FAW B70 in the Besturn, based on the technology for hybrid-based research, the original longitudinal into transverse engine assembly engine assembly, using a transverse engine and dual-motor hybrid technology. At the same time, FAW also pay close attention to the engine, mechanicaland electrical integration, transmission, vehicle control networks, vehicle control systems development, the current FAW hybrid electric car has achieved 42% fuel saving effect, reached the international advanced level. Jiefang CA6100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus FAW "Liberation brand CA6100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus" project is a national "863" electric vehicle major projects funded project, with pure electric drive, the engine alone drives (and charge), the joint drive motor starts the engine, and sliding regenerative braking 5 kinds of basic operation. The power hybrid electric bus and economy to the leading level, 38% fuel economy than traditional buses, emissions reduced by 30%. Red Flag CA7180AE hybrid cars Red Flag hybrid cars CA7180AE according to the national "863 Plan" is the first in complete with industrial prospects of the car, it is built on the basis of red car with good performance and operational smoothness. Series which is a hybrid sedan, the luxury car ,0-100km acceleration time of 14s, fuel-effic ient than traditional cars by about 50%, Euro Ⅲ emission standard. Besturn B70 hybrid cars Besturn B70 Hybrid cars using petrol - electric hybrid approach. Dual motor power system programs, mixed degree of 40/103, is all mixed (Full-Hybrid, also known as re-mixed) configurations. Besturn B70 Hybrid cars are petrol version costs two to three times Besturn models, mass production will be gradually reduced after the costs, even if this hybrid version Besturn market, the price certainly higher than the existing Besturn models, but high the price of petrol will not exceed 30% version of Besturn models. SAIC Development Goals: 2010 launch in the mixed hybrid cars, plug-in 2012, SAIC strong mix of cars and pure electric cars will be on the market. In the R & D on new energy vehicles, SAIC made clear to focus on hybrid, fuel cell for the direction, and speed up the development of alternative products. Hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles as a new energy strategy SAIC three key. 2010 SAIC Roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mix will be put on the market, during the World Expo in Shanghai, SAIC will put 150 hybrid cars in the Expo Line on the River Run. 2012 Roewe 550 plug-in hybrid cars will be strong market, the current car's power system has been launched early development and progress. Apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st Apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st Academy of Engineering by the SAIC and Shanghai Jiaotong University and other units jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights. Existing cities in the Sunwin Bus Power platform, "the new dynamic application No. 1" uses a parallel hybrid electric vehicle drive program, so that hybrid electric vehicle operating conditions in the electric air-conditioning, steering, braking and other accessories still able to work without additional electric system, while use of super capacitors, to improve starting power, braking energy recovery efficiency, thereby enhancing vehicle dynamic performance, reduce fuel consumption. Car length 10m, width 2.5m, high-3.2m, can accommodate 76 people. Roewe 750 hybrid cars Roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mixed system with BSG (Belt drive start generating one machine), with "smart stop zero-emission" and "environmental protection and the power of both the" two prominent features of a top speed of 205 km / h, the maximum added driving range of up to 500 km. As for the industrialization of SAIC's first own-brand hybrid car, the Roewe 750 hybrid integrated hybrid fuel-efficient cars can achieve rates of around 20%. Dongfeng Motor GroupDevelopment Goals: Plans move into 33 billion in 10 years to develop a range of environmentally friendly hybrid vehicles, including cars. EQ7200HEV hybrid cars EQ7200HEV hybrid cars are "863" project of major projects and major strategic projects of Dongfeng Motor Corporation. The car is EQ7200-Ⅱ model (Fengshen Bluebird cars) is based on an electronically controlled automatic transmission with innovative electromechanical coupling in parallel programs, configure DC brushless motor and nickel-hydrogen batteries, plans to "10 5 "during the industrialization. Industrialization, the vehicle cost more than EQ7200 cars increase in costs ≤ 30%. EQ61100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus EQ61100HEV electric hybrid bus by Dongfeng Vehicle Company Limited Joint Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Textile Co., Ltd. and Hunan sharp Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd. jointly developed Shenzhou. EQ61100HEV hybrid electric bus with switched reluctance motor, Cummins ISBe1504 cylinder common rail electronic injection diesel engine, new chassis design of the system, electronically controlled automatic transmission and innovative electromechanical coupling parallel program. In the annual output reached 200, the vehicle cost more than the in crease in automobile engine equipped with 6CT ≤ 30%. China Changan Development Goals: the next three years, the formation of different grades, different purposes, carry a different system of mixed platforms, weak mix of scale, strong mixed industrial R & D capabilities, covering commercial, A grade, B grade, C grade products. 2014 will achieve sales of new energy vehicles 150 000 2020 sales of new energy vehicles for more than 500,000. "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Chang-an increased investment in clean energy vehicles, a diversified energy technologies to carry out exploratory research. Environmental protection through energy-saving models continues to introduce new technology to lead the industry to upgrade and fully utilize and mobilize global resources, Chang'an in the middle hybrid cars, hybrid cars and other technological strength of the field are explored. Chang's first hybrid car long Anjie Xun HEV was successfully listed in June 2009; the first batch of 20 hybrid taxis Long An Zhixiang in January of this year officially put into operation in Chongqing. Chery Development Goals: after 2010, more than half of Chery's products carry different levels of hybrid systems. From 2003 to 2008, mainly mixed with moderate Chery hybrid cars and energy saving system development, and industrialization; Chery in Wuhu, a taxi has been carried out on probation, fuel consumption will be reduced by 10% to 30% to reach Europe Ⅳ Standard. Since 2004, Chery hybrid cars mainly for the development of strong and industrialization. Chery hybrid car fuel consumption target to reach 100 km 3 liters, to reach Europe and the United States emissions regulations. Chery A5BSG Chery A5BSG is a weak parallel hybrid electric car, using fuel engines, electric engines complementary mode, the two different power sources in the car while driving to work together or separately, through this combination to achieve the least fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, in order to achieve fuel efficiency and environmental protection purposes. Compared with the conventional car, the car in urban conditions can save 10% -15% of fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 12%, while costs increased by only about 25% -30%. Chery A5ISG Chery A5 ISG hybrid power system consists of "1.3L gasoline engine + 5-speed manual transmission +10 kW motor +144 V Ni-MH battery," thecomposition of the battery system used by the Johnson Controls developed "plug-in" nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH), motor with permanent magnet synchronous motor and with the motor control system, inverter and DC / DC converters. The system enables the vehicle power to 1.6L displacement level and rate of 30% fuel savings and significantly reduce the emissions of Euro V standards. Cherry A3ISG Chery A3 ISG has 1.3L473F gasoline engine and equipped with 10KW motor. By gasoline engines and electric motors with torque overlay approach to dynamic mixed to provide the best vehicle power operating efficiency and energy saving environmental protection goals. Chery A3 ISG also has Stop_Restart the idling stop function such as flame start to start (BSG function), to reduce red light in the vehicle stopped or suspended when the fuel consumption and emissions expenses. FY 2BSG FY 2 BSG carry 1.5LSQR477F inline four-cylinder engine configuration BSG start / stop and so one electric motor, red light in the vehicle stopped the driver into the gap, it will automatically enter standby mode to turn off the engine, starting moments after the entry block automatically start the engine. FY 2 BSG vehicle average fuel consumption than the 1.5L petrol cars reduce about 5-10%, average fuel consumption can be reduced up to 15%. BYD Auto Development Goal: to electric cars as a transitional mode, the electric car as the ultimate goal, the development of new energy cars BYD. BYD follow the "independent research and development, independent production, independent brand" development path, and the "core technology, vertical integration" development strategy, as the transition to dual-mode electric vehicles, electric vehicles as the ultimate goal, the development of BYD new energy vehicles.国混合动力汽车发展随着石油资源的枯竭、人们环保意识的提高，混合动力汽车及电动汽车将成为新世纪前几十年汽车发展的主流，并成为我国汽车界所有业人士的共识。
新能源汽车英文论文
The first demomstration electric vehicles were made in the 1830s，and commercial electric vehicles were available by the end of the 19th century。
The electric vehicle has entered its third century as a commercially available product and as such it has been very successful. Today，s concerns about the environment, particularly noise and exhaust emissions，coupled to new developments in batteries and fuel cells many swing the balance back in favor of electric vehicles. It is therefore important that the principles behind the design of electric vehicles, the relevant technological and environment issues are thoroughly understood。
An economically developed coastal cities, in this beautiful city life in the sky was 20 years. The witness to the scene of the historic moment, but in the harmony of the city, there was a scene not in harmony，the electric prevailed. Electric cars a drilling motor vehicles with non—motor vehicle of the legal gaps in the new product, the electric vehicle of that time there is indeed the C hinese People’ s daily on the move brought some facilities. However, things cannot be just one, because everything has two aspects. Nowadays, environment is becoming worse and worse.one of the reasons is a problem of vehicle. There are two main problems caused by conventional vehicles。
关于新能源汽车英文作文
关于新能源汽车英文作文The Rise of Electric Vehicles: A Revolution in Sustainable Transportation.In recent years, the automotive industry has undergone a remarkable transformation, with the emergence of new energy vehicles, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), leading the charge. This shift away from traditional fossil fuel-powered vehicles is not merely a technological innovation; it represents a significant stride towards sustainable transportation and environmental preservation.The concept of EVs is not entirely new. In fact, their history dates back to the 19th century, when early prototypes were developed. However, it was the turn of the 21st century that marked a renewed interest in these vehicles, primarily driven by concerns about climate change and air pollution. As governments and individuals alike became increasingly aware of the need to reduce carbon emissions, the development and adoption of EVs accelerated.The technology behind EVs has advanced rapidly. Battery technology has improved significantly, providing longer ranges and shorter charging times. Innovations in charging infrastructure, such as the introduction of public charging stations and wireless charging pads, have also made it easier for EV owners to recharge their vehicles. Additionally, advancements in autonomous driving and connected car technology are enhancing the user experience and safety of EVs.The environmental benefits of EVs are numerous.Electric motors are much more efficient than internal combustion engines, meaning they convert more of the energy stored in their fuel into useful work. This results in lower fuel consumption and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to generate electricity for EVs can further reduce their carbon footprint.Economically, EVs are becoming more attractive. While the upfront cost of purchasing an EV may be higher than atraditional car, the long-term savings in fuel costs and maintenance can offset this. Additionally, governments in many countries offer incentives such as tax credits and subsidies to encourage the adoption of EVs. As battery technology continues to improve and costs decrease, EVs are becoming more affordable and accessible.The social implications of the EV revolution are profound. It has the potential to reshape urban landscapes, as fewer parking spaces for gasoline-powered cars are needed. EVs can also contribute to smart city development, integrating with smart grids and providing real-time data on energy use and traffic patterns. Additionally, the rise of EVs is creating new job opportunities in the automotive industry, as well as in the renewable energy sector.However, the transition to EVs is not without its challenges. Infrastructure development, particularly in terms of charging stations, remains a key issue. In addition, the mining and processing of materials used in batteries, such as lithium and cobalt, can have negative environmental impacts. It is, therefore, crucial that theEV industry continues to innovate and adopt sustainable practices throughout its supply chain.In conclusion, the emergence of EVs represents a significant milestone in the quest for sustainable transportation. Their increasing popularity and acceptance are testament to their potential to reduce carbon emissions, improve air quality, and foster economic and social growth. While there are still challenges to overcome, the future of EVs looks bright, and their impact on our world is likelyto be profound and lasting.。
电动汽车英语作文
电动汽车英语作文Title: The Future of Electric Vehicles。
Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate environmental issues and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed a significant shift towards electrification, with EVs becoming increasingly popular among consumers worldwide. This essay explores the various aspects of electric vehicles and their implications for the future.Firstly, one of the primary advantages of electric vehicles is their environmental friendliness. Unlike traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, thus helping to combat air pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is particularly crucial in the face of climate change concerns and the need to transition towards cleaner transportation alternatives.Furthermore, the advancement of battery technology has significantly enhanced the performance and range ofelectric vehicles. Modern EVs can now travel hundreds of miles on a single charge, making them practical for everyday use and long-distance travel. Moreover, ongoing research and development efforts continue to improve battery efficiency, charging speed, and overall lifespan, addressing some of the key concerns associated withelectric vehicle adoption.Another compelling aspect of electric vehicles is their potential to revolutionize the energy sector. With the widespread adoption of EVs, there is a growing emphasis on renewable energy sources such as solar and wind to power these vehicles. This integration of clean energy sources with electric transportation offers a more sustainable and resilient energy ecosystem, reducing reliance on finite fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact.Additionally, electric vehicles present economic opportunities for various stakeholders, includingautomakers, technology firms, and governments. The growing demand for EVs has spurred innovation and investment in electric vehicle manufacturing, infrastructure development, and related industries. Governments around the world are also incentivizing electric vehicle adoption through subsidies, tax credits, and infrastructure investments, aiming to accelerate the transition towards a greener transportation system.However, despite the numerous benefits of electric vehicles, several challenges remain to be addressed. One major concern is the availability and accessibility of charging infrastructure. While significant progress has been made in expanding charging networks, especially in urban areas, more investment is needed to ensure widespread coverage and convenience for EV owners. Additionally, the high initial cost of electric vehicles remains a barrierfor many consumers, although declining battery prices and government incentives are helping to alleviate this issue.Moreover, the environmental impact of battery production and disposal is a topic of debate. Whileelectric vehicles produce fewer emissions during operation, the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries involves resource extraction and energy-intensive production methods. Additionally, the recycling and disposal of used batteries raise concerns about potential environmental contaminationif not managed properly. Addressing these challengesrequires collaboration between industry stakeholders, policymakers, and environmental advocates to develop sustainable practices and technologies throughout theelectric vehicle lifecycle.In conclusion, electric vehicles represent a transformative solution towards a cleaner, more sustainable future for transportation. With ongoing advancements in technology, supportive policies, and increased consumer acceptance, electric vehicles are poised to play asignificant role in reducing emissions, enhancing energy security, and driving economic growth. However, addressing the remaining challenges associated with electric vehicle adoption will require concerted efforts and innovation from all stakeholders involved. By working together, we can accelerate the transition towards a greener and moreresilient transportation system powered by electric vehicles.。
电动汽车的英文作文
电动汽车的英文作文Title: The Future of Transportation: Electric Vehicles。
In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the automotive industry towards electric vehicles (EVs). This transition marks a pivotal moment in the history of transportation, promising a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly future. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of electric vehicles and explore their significance in shaping the way we travel.Firstly, let us examine the environmental impact of electric vehicles compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, meaning they do not emit harmful pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter. This is particularly crucial in combating air pollution and mitigating climate change, as transportation is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions globally. By transitioning toelectric vehicles, we can significantly reduce our carbon footprint and move towards a cleaner, greener future.Moreover, electric vehicles offer numerous benefits beyond environmental sustainability. One of the key advantages is the potential for cost savings in the long run. While the upfront cost of purchasing an EV may be higher than that of a traditional vehicle, the lower operating and maintenance costs make it a more economical choice over time. With fewer moving parts and no need for frequent oil changes or tune-ups, EV owners can save significantly on maintenance expenses. Additionally, the cost of electricity is generally lower than that of gasoline, further contributing to savings in fuel expenses.Furthermore, the advancement of technology has led to significant improvements in the performance and range of electric vehicles. Modern EVs are capable of traveling hundreds of miles on a single charge, making them suitable for both short commutes and long-distance journeys. Additionally, electric vehicles offer smooth and silent operation, providing a comfortable driving experience forusers. With advancements in battery technology and charging infrastructure, range anxiety – the fear of running out of battery power – is gradually becoming less of a concern, further bolstering the appeal of electric vehicles to consumers.Another crucial aspect of electric vehicles is their role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting energy independence. By shifting towards electric transportation, countries can decrease their reliance on imported oil and diversify their energy sources. This not only enhances energy security but also stimulates innovation and investment in renewable energy technologies. The integration of electric vehicles with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power presents a compelling opportunity to create a more sustainable and resilient energy system.In addition to environmental and economic benefits, electric vehicles also contribute to the advancement of smart and connected transportation systems. With the proliferation of electric cars, there is an increasingemphasis on developing intelligent infrastructure and innovative mobility solutions. This includes the deployment of charging stations, development of smart grid technologies, and implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems, which enable EVs to store and discharge energy to the grid as needed. These advancements pave the way for a more integrated and efficient transportation network, facilitating seamless connectivity between vehicles, infrastructure, and users.Despite the many advantages of electric vehicles, several challenges remain to be addressed to accelerate their widespread adoption. These include the need for further investment in charging infrastructure, development of more affordable battery technologies, and expansion of renewable energy generation capacity. Additionally, there is a need for supportive policies and incentives to incentivize consumers and manufacturers to transition to electric vehicles. Governments, industry stakeholders, and research institutions must collaborate to overcome these barriers and realize the full potential of electric transportation.In conclusion, electric vehicles represent a transformative solution to the environmental, economic, and energy challenges facing the transportation sector. With their zero-emission technology, cost-saving potential, and performance improvements, EVs offer a compellingalternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. By embracing electric transportation andinvesting in sustainable mobility solutions, we can pave the way for a cleaner, greener, and more resilient future.。
电动汽车车英语作文
电动汽车车英语作文Title: The Electric Vehicle Revolution: Driving Towards a Sustainable Future。
In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed a significant shift towards electric vehicles (EVs), marking a pivotal moment in the quest for sustainable transportation. This transition not only reflects advancements in technology but also underscores the growing awareness of environmental issues and the need for cleaner alternatives. In this essay, we will explore the benefits of electric vehicles and their role in shaping the future of mobility.First and foremost, electric vehicles offer a greener alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. By eliminating tailpipe emissions, EVs help reduce air pollution and combat climate change. This reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of global warming and preserving the planetfor future generations.Moreover, electric vehicles contribute to energy efficiency and resource conservation. Unlike internal combustion engines, which are relatively inefficient in converting fuel into motion, electric motors are highly efficient, converting a larger percentage of energy from the battery into propulsion. Additionally, with advancements in battery technology and the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, EVs can further reduce their environmental footprint and reliance on fossil fuels.Another significant advantage of electric vehicles is their lower operating costs over the long term. While the upfront cost of purchasing an EV may be higher than that of a conventional car, the savings in fuel and maintenance expenses can offset this initial investment. EV owners typically spend less on electricity compared to gasoline, and electric vehicles have fewer moving parts, resulting in reduced maintenance and repair costs.Furthermore, electric vehicles offer a smoother and quieter driving experience compared to traditional cars. With instant torque delivery and silent operation, EVs provide a more enjoyable ride for drivers and passengers alike. Additionally, advancements in autonomous driving technology are being integrated into electric vehicles, promising safer and more efficient transportation solutions for the future.Despite these benefits, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles still faces several challenges. One major obstacle is the limited infrastructure for chargingelectric vehicles, particularly in rural and remote areas. To address this issue, governments and private companies must invest in expanding the charging network and deploying fast-charging stations along highways and in urban centers.Additionally, the range anxiety associated withelectric vehicles remains a concern for some consumers. While the range of EVs has been steadily increasing with improvements in battery technology, there is still a perception that electric cars cannot travel as far as theirgasoline counterparts on a single charge. Educating consumers about the capabilities of electric vehicles and dispelling myths about range limitations is essential for accelerating their adoption.In conclusion, electric vehicles represent a promising solution to the environmental and economic challenges facing the automotive industry. By embracing EV technology, we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote energy efficiency, and create a more sustainable future for generations to come. However, realizing the full potential of electric vehicles will require concerted efforts from policymakers, industry stakeholders, and consumers to overcome existing barriers and accelerate the transition towards electric mobility.。
电动汽车英语作文150
电动汽车英语作文150Title: The Future of Electric Vehicles。
Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution to combat environmental degradation and reduce our dependency on fossil fuels. In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed a significant shift towards electric propulsion systems. This trend is not merely a fleeting fad but rather a pivotal transformation shaping the future of transportation. Let's delve into the multifaceted aspectsof electric vehicles and explore their impact on society.Firstly, the environmental benefits of electricvehicles cannot be overstated. Unlike conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, thereby mitigating air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. By transitioning to electric mobility, wecan alleviate the detrimental effects of climate change and safeguard the health of both present and future generations.Moreover, electric vehicles contribute to energy efficiency and resource conservation. The utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power for charging EV batteries further enhances their eco-friendliness. Additionally, advancements in battery technology have led to increased energy storage capacity and improved longevity, making EVs a viable long-term solution for sustainable transportation.From a socio-economic perspective, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles presents numerous opportunities and challenges. On one hand, the growing EV market fosters innovation and job creation in sectors such as renewable energy, battery manufacturing, and automotive engineering. Governments and industries worldwide are investing heavily in research and development to accelerate the transition towards electric mobility.On the other hand, the transition to electric vehicles poses challenges such as the establishment of adequate charging infrastructure, battery recycling, andaffordability concerns. Addressing these challengesrequires collaborative efforts from policymakers, industry stakeholders, and the general public to ensure a smooth and equitable transition to electric transportation.Furthermore, electric vehicles offer a paradigm shiftin terms of driving experience and vehicle design. With instant torque delivery and smooth acceleration, EVs provide a silent and exhilarating driving experience unparalleled by conventional vehicles. The integration of smart technologies and autonomous driving features further enhances the safety and convenience of electric vehicles.In addition to personal transportation, electric vehicles hold immense potential for revolutionizing public transit systems and commercial fleets. Electric buses, trucks, and delivery vehicles not only reduce emissions but also lower operating costs and enhance urban air quality. By electrifying various modes of transportation, we can create more sustainable and resilient cities for future generations.In conclusion, electric vehicles represent atransformative force that is reshaping the automotive industry and the way we perceive transportation. With their environmental, economic, and societal benefits, EVs are poised to play a pivotal role in building a greener and more sustainable future. As we continue to embrace electric mobility, let us strive towards creating a world where clean, efficient, and accessible transportation is the norm rather than the exception.。
新能源汽车外文参考文献
新能源汽车外文参考文献随着全球对环境污染和气候变化的日益关注，新能源汽车已经逐渐成为了生活中不可或缺的一部分。
新能源汽车主要指以电池、燃料电池或太阳能等为能源的电动或混合动力汽车。
本文将通过以下步骤阐述新能源汽车的外文参考文献。
第一步：新能源汽车的发展历程Cao, Y et al. (2018) 在论文《New energy vehicle industry development in China: A review》中详细介绍了新能源汽车在中国的发展历程。
文章指出，新能源汽车的发展受到政策的直接影响，中国政府从2009年开始提出了新能源汽车产业的发展计划，通过资金补贴、减少税收等一系列措施来推动新能源汽车的快速发展。
第二步：新能源汽车的技术特点Xu, J et al. (2019) 在论文《Power management strategy of parallel-connected hybrid electric vehicles based on torque driver》中介绍了混合动力汽车的技术特点。
文章指出，混合动力汽车由燃油发动机和电动机组成，通过动力管理系统将两种能源进行协同控制，达到节能减排的效果，同时提高了动力输出和驾驶体验。
第三步：新能源汽车的市场现状Li, X et al. (2020) 在论文《Quantitative analysis of the development of the new energy vehicle industry in China through text mining》中分析了新能源汽车的市场现状。
文章指出，中国新能源汽车市场规模已经逐年扩大，同时新能源汽车的销售量也在逐年增加。
当前，中国已经成为全球最大的新能源汽车市场。
第四步：新能源汽车的未来发展Kou, X et al. (2018) 在论文《Future prospects for electric vehicles in China based on a lifecycle assessment analysis》中探讨了新能源汽车的未来发展。
文献翻译-电动汽车概述
附录As the world's continuing energy crisis, and war and oil consumption and energy ----car full with the amount of increase, decrease energy day by day, one day it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not living resources. Oil consumption in the net must be to find a substitute before. With the development of technology and social progress, it was the invention of electric vehicles. Electric cars will become the ideal means of transport. Calvary in the development of the world have achieved fruitful results, especially with the computer and automotive electronic technology and the rapid development of the information age. Electronic control technology is widely used in motor vehicles, automotive applications, electronic devices has become increasingly diverse, electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the tradition of quality and performance of electric vehicles, but also improve the car's power, fuel economy , reliability, and the purification of exhaust gas emissions. Widely used in automotive electronic products not only reduces costs, and reduce maintenance complexity. From the engine's fuel injection ignition, air control, emission control, fault self-diagnosis to the body aids are commonly used by the electronic control technology, can be said that the development of future cars mainly mechanical and electrical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system with electronic control of the major fuel injection system, ignition system, electronic control, electronically controlled automatic transmission, electronically controlled anti-skid (ABS / ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronically controlled power steering system , vehicle dynamics control system, airbag system, active seat belt systems, electronic control automatic air conditioning system, lead There are GPS navigation systems, etc.. With the quick response of these systems car, functionality, high reliability, is to ensure the engine power and reduces fuel consumption, and they meet emissions regulations standards. Car is essential to modern means of transport. The electric car has brought us fun things to us can be a hard day of physical and mental relaxation. Take for instance automatic transmission, the car is moving, you can not step on the clutch pedal, you can achieve automatic transmission and the engine will not turn off, so effectively improve the convenience of driving to reduce driver fatigue. Mainly by the torque converter automatic transmission, gear transmission, oil pump, hydraulic control system, Electronic control system, oil cooling system, etc.. Electronically controlled suspension is used to buffer themain road to face the body of the impact and reduce vibration to ensure ride comfort and handling stability. When the car driving on uneven road car chassis and according to the road to a high degree of automatic adjustment. When the vehicle height higher than the set low, on to the inflatable air chamber or tank or oil-filled. If it is the contrary, they put the oil gas or diarrhea. To ensure the level of car travel, improving driving stability. Power steering system with variable power can significantly change due to the efficiency and status of the driver, so widely used in electric vehicles. VDC on the car has a vital role in its performance According to need to take the initiative to change the wheel to brake the car motion state, so that the best driving car status and control performance, and increase the car's adhesion, control and stability. Other than that, 4WS, 4WD has significantly increased ,the value and performance of electric vehicles simultaneously improve. ABS to reduce braking distances and a shift operation ability to maintain effective driving directions to improve the stability while reducing tire wear. Airbag in a great program to protect the driver and passenger safety, reducing car collision on the driver and passenger cushion to protect the lives over to the purpose. Intelligent electronics in the car to make the car to promote safe driving and other higher level functions. Through a variety of sensors for automatic driving. In addition to those outside the Smart Car is equipped with a variety of sensors can be fully aware of traffic facilities and the environment information and can readily determine whether the vehicles and drivers at risk, with self-seeking way, navigation, collision avoidance, toll collection and other functions. Improve the safety during transport, to reduce driver fatigue manipulation to enhance passenger comfort. Of course, battery electric vehicles is the key Electric vehicle batteries are: lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, sodium sulfur batteries, sodium sulfur batteries, lithium batteries, zinc - air batteries, flywheel batteries, fuel cells and solar batteries. In many kinds of batteries, fuel cells, is by far the most promising vehicles which the power source of energy shortage. Clean and efficient fuel cell with characteristics different from other batteries, it does not need charging, as long as the external continuous supply of fuel, can be a continuous and stable power. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) is comparable with the dynamic performance of internal combustion engine vehicles, the emissions, fuel economy is better than internal combustion vehicles. With the computer and electronic products continue to open-class ride, electric car technology has matured and improved, making driving safer, convenient, flexible and comfortable. Now, the electric car from the ordinary consumer from very far, only a few people in a hurryfashionable it. Electric cars can really traditional fuel vehicles to compete in the future automotive market will eventually be electric cars and smart cars are replaced. This is only a matter of time that day will come for. ABS, GPS, 4WS, 4WD, and various new age electronics and modern high performance vehicles, understanding composition, perfect match, Bring our unparalleled precision driving comfort and driving safety.作为世界上持续的能源危机,战争和石油消费的增加,与汽车数量的能源-----充分,能源日益减少,有一天它会消失得无影无踪.石油是不是活的资源.石油净消费必须找到一个替代前.随着科技的发展和社会进步,这是电动汽车的发明.电动汽车将成为理想的运输工具. 在世界发展的各各都取得了丰硕成果,尤其是计算机和汽车电子技术和信息时代的快速发展.电子控制技术,广泛应用于汽车,汽车应用中,电子设备日益多样化,电子技术不仅改善和提高质量和电动汽车性能的传统,而且提高了汽车的动力,燃油经济性, 可靠性,和排气净化气体的排放.广泛适用于汽车电子产品中使用,不仅降低了成本, 减少维护的复杂性. 从发动机的燃油喷射点火,空中管制,排放控制,故障自诊断身体艾滋病的普遍采用的电子控制技术,可以说是未来汽车的发展主要是机械和机电一体化.广泛使用的主要燃料喷射系统,点火系统,电子控制电子控制自动变速箱,电子控制,汽车电子控制点火系统电控防滑(ABS 的/ ASR)的控制系统,电子控制悬挂系统,电子控制的权力转向系统,车辆动态控制系统,安全气囊系统,主动安全带系统,电子控制自动空调系统, 铅有 GPS 导航系统等.随着这些系统的快速反应车,功能性,高可靠性,是确保发动机功率,降低油耗,并符合排放法规的标准. 汽车是必不可少的交通工具现代化的手段. 电动车给我们带来了有趣的事情在我们面前的是一个身体和心理放松辛苦的一天.例如以自动变速箱,汽车在行驶时,您不能在离合器踏板,可以实现自动变速箱和发动机将无法关闭,因此有效地提高了驾驶员疲劳驾驶,以减少方便.主要由液力变矩器自动变速器,齿轮传动,油泵,液压控制系统,电子控制系统,油冷却系统等. 电子控制悬挂是用来缓冲的主要道路要面对的冲击体,减少震动,以确保平顺性和操纵稳定性.当汽车行驶在不平的公路汽车底盘,并根据道路的自动调整高度.当车辆高度高于设定的低,到充气气囊或罐体或充油.如果是相反,他们把石油天然气或腹泻.为了保证汽车旅行的水平,提高行驶稳定性.功率可变助力转向系统可以显着改变,由于效率和驱动程序的状态,所以广泛使用电动车辆.在汽车 VDC 的公司在其业绩的重要作用根据需要采取主动改变车轮刹车的汽车运动状态,因此,最好的状态和控制汽车的驾驶性能,提高汽车的附着力,控制和稳定性.不仅如此,其他四轮转向,四轮驱动,大大增加了,其价值和电动汽车性能的同时提高. ABS 的制动距离,以减少和转移,以维持有效的运作能力,以改善行车路线的稳定,同时减少轮胎磨损.安全气囊在一个伟大的计划,以保护司机和乘客的安全,减少了对司机和乘客的汽车碰撞缓冲保护到目的的生活. 在汽车智能电子产品,使汽车以促进安全驾驶及其他更高层次的功能.通过对各种传感器的自动驾驶.除了这些以外的智能车配有各种传感器,可充分的交通设施和环境的信息可以随时了解和判断是否危险驾驶车辆和自寻的方式, 导航, 避碰, 收费收集等功能. 提高运输过程中的安全,减少疲劳驾驶操作,提高乘客的舒适度.当然,电池电动汽车是关键电动车电池:铅酸电池,镍镉电池,钠硫电池,钠硫电池,锂电池,锌 - 空气电池, 飞轮电池,燃料电池和太阳能电池.在许多种电池,燃料电池,是目前最有前途的车辆的能源短缺力量之源.清洁及其他特色高效燃料电池的电池不同,它不需要充电,只要外部燃料持续供应,可以连续和稳定的电力.燃料电池汽车(燃料电池电动汽车)与内燃机汽车相比动力性能,排放,燃油经济性比内燃车好. 随着计算机和电子产品继续开放级骑,电动车技术已经成熟和完善,使驾驶变得更安全,方便,灵活,舒适.现在,从普通消费者从很远的电动车,只有在少数人匆忙它时髦.电力汽车可以真正传统燃料汽车在未来竞争的汽车市场,最终会和智能汽车的电动汽车代替.这只是一个时间的那一天会到来的问题. ABS 的,全球定位系统,四轮转向,四轮驱动,以及各种新时代的电子和现代高性能汽车,了解组成,完美匹配, 我们无与伦比的精度带来的驾驶舒适性和行车安全.。
电动汽车产业分析优秀毕业设计外文文献
第1章英文原文：Abstract - A vehicle is consider Green when it more environmentally friendly than the traditional petroleum combustion engine, in which includes any nontraditional vehicle like, HEV, Plug In, EV, Fuel Cell, Bio fuel etc. that improves fuel economy. The development of electric vehicle has been over a hundred years but failure to gain the public acceptance in various stages due to various reasons which explained. While EV was never mass produced, Hybrid electric vehicle gains the momentum in recent years. Ford has launched its second generation of HEV and GM also announced the debut of the V olt in . Comparing to the regular HEV, Plug in is the new trend in hybrid auto development due to extend travel range in electrical mode and a possibility of a zero emission as long as travel distance is less than charging threshold. However, more recently, an electrification trend in automotive industry has been evolved and will revolutionize the industry. With the correct policy and government help and advancement of electric vehicle technology, the prospect of Electric Vehicle will be bright and the focus point of future development.Keywords – electric vehicle, hybrid, plug in, green, historyINTRODUCTIONAs associated with energy independence and environmental issue, alternative fuel vehicle, especially Electric and Hybrid electric vehicle has become part of the government policy all over the world. The united State mandates a stricter fuel economy standard. China issued a new energy vehicle policy to accelerate & subsidize the deployment of electric this year and set a goal of 500k for . Hong Kong also set a clear vision for EV application in the near future.As for the auto industry, a silent green resolution is undergo significant transformation aftergasoline price rose significantly to exceed US$2 level and market demands for such vehicle. The industry introduced more fuel efficient HEVs and less polluted vehicles to the market. As Oil price surged rapidly during the last few years, the phenomenon has pushed pure electric vehicle development regaining traction among automakers and governments.The consumer market has brought significant gain in alternative fuel vehicle as well as HEV and electric vehicles. A HEV study (Fig. 1) conducted by Polk & Company indicated an upward trend of market share of HEV sales in United State and Western Europe. An even bigger share of HEV and EV were predicted when they combined. In fact, selection of HEV models from OEMs have grown from two (Insight & Prius) in to more than twenties as today. Sales of the HEV are in the fast track along with more than 300,000 HEV sold in [2]. Further known commitments of HEV and electric vehicle from OEM will improve the HEV production even more. Adding plug-in and electric vehicle to the line up will strengthen and accelerate the current electrification trend.Chevy V olt, the first plug-in hybrid, and a bunch of planned electric vehicles saluted for end consumer in the North America will lead to a round of new energy vehicle in the market. HISTORY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENTThe development of electric vehicle has a long history. Since the invention of electric motor, electric vehicle has been around for 150 years. From simple non-chargeable to modern state of art control system, the development of Electric vehicle can be classified into three stages: Early development stageElectric vehicle was considered among the earliest automobile and well ahead of combustion engine. It dominated the vehicle registration with 3:1 comparing to gasoline vehicles in the late 1920s to 1930s and held most of the land vehicle performance record in early 1900s. It was a major transportation tool and widely used in the society for local transportation improved from horse carriages.Until 1930, electric vehicle leadership was overtaken by gasoline vehicle development and was never able to reclaim the status for following reasons: Maturity of Gasoline vehicle and can be mass produced at a reasonable cost. With the mass production of Model T & manufacture process revolution, vehicles became suddenly available to general public and proceed as a way to improve life; Gasoline vehicle took over as the leader and surpass electric vehicle both in performance and cost. Infrastructure improvement and demand of inter-city travel required a longer travel distance that was never able to exploit by electric vehicle before. Lacking of charge infrastructure development, reliable electricity transmission and limited travel distance, electric vehicle no longer suited for consumer demand and lost the edge to regular gasoline vehicle. Limited or no electrical infrastructure support forced the resignation and abundance of earlier electric vehicle.Widely discovery of gasoline in the sate and ready availability of cheap fuel also contributed the spread of gasoline vehicle. Petrol in the 1930s provided a direct cheap source of energy for vehicle transportation. It could be carried around by container which enabled and extended the mobility of owning a vehicle.B. Midterm development (1930s-1980s)Electric vehicle production and development came to a halt as personal transportation after combustion engine took over in 1935. Political sensitivity with OPEC created a necessity of energy independence during the 1960s and 1970s. U.S Government and environmentalist reintroduced tougher fuel efficient standard for the industry and ignited a board interest in electric vehicle in the period. Energy crisis in early 70s driven the US postal service placed a large order of 350 EV test fleet. It is the highest node of midterm development. However, partly due to limited performance, other governmental priorities, lack of board infrastructure support and range of corporation participation, the development quiet down quickly during this period.C. Modern DevelopmentModern EV development was dominated by EV1 who produced by GM for fleet application. Following a program funded by Department of Energy, Ford developed EV Ranger pick up truck, Toyota provided Rav4 EV and Honda had an EV available as well during late 1990s and early s. Unfortunately, this short surge of EV availability did not realized into commercial production because of a complicated issue of politics, economic, education and technology that includes vehicle production cost and safety concerns. EV1, Ranger, Rav4 and Honda EV were intended for fleet test only, almost all the vehicles has been discontinued, destroyed and recycled. Only a handful of electric vehicles were survived under the hands of EV enthusiasts.D. Modern HEV developmentHowever, in 1999 and early s, a new type of electric vehicle emerged from pure electric vehicle. Honda introduced the first HEV, Honda Insight, to the US Market that brought another milestone in auto industry. With brisk market acceptance and success of the Prius, HEV technology shows it maturity and potential. Ford introduced the first American hybrid electric vehicle, Escape SUV HEV, during the ‘Manhattan on a Tank’ event and registered 600 miles/tank in congestive city traffic that opened a new era of competition in US among HEVs. By year of , the HEV sales were more than 2.5% for total sales volume. In deep, the next generation of HEV from Toyota, Honda and Ford has introduced into with further refinement along updated technology. Fuel efficiency has improved as well.Toyota is the clear leader in the HEV arena base on volume and range of models with it “synergy drive system”. Honda and Ford are right behind with their offering in full hybrids. GM offers its “two mode” technology in hybrid passenger cars and truc ks as well.E. Future DevelopmentAs gasoline price rise rapidly, combined with environmental concern, the society renews the call for social responsibility. Electric Vehicle and other AFV suddenly becomes popular again.With announcement of the Chevy V olt plug-in concept couple years ago and pure electric vehicle from Nissan, a new round of EV development has resurrected into OEM’s cycle plan in the up coming years. The fruit of this EV trend will be seen in the next three years. Comparing to previous electric vehicle development, there are a few factors that will ensure this initiation be successful in the future:Vehicle operators are the direct target customers of developing EV. Market driven approach always creates competitive and attractive products at reasonable cost and performance.Early technology and environmental adopter will the initial leaders and users. They are willing to support and has the capability to influence the success. Also various education programs and EV initiatives transform general understanding of fuel efficient vehicles and their benefits. Warm acceptance of electric vehicle is high in the coming years. Cooperation in charge station and infrastructure development has gained attention at different level. Various business models are being explored. The industry and government are confident that final plan will reach prior to the mass launch of electric vehicle.Energy storage technology improvement makes lithium battery application became safe in vehicle. Sophistication of system management upgrades and improves electric vehicle to a comparable level of combustion engine. Lastly, proper government policy provides a development foundation for the industry. Special tax incentives and subsidy will offset consumer burden for purchasing electric vehicle. It is a confident vote for the product when government is willing to provide financial and strategic support.III. CONCLUSIONLike many emerging technology, electric vehicle development and application have been around for a long time, but until recently, the technology has not really taken off. Even though HEV started as a good alternative to gasoline vehicle and well publicized by the media, but it only represented as the intermediate step or near term solution. Government regulation andenvironmental prospect, in particular will drive the adoption of transportation electrification. Electric vehicle will be the final goal. Along with new electric vehicle development on the way, it will also introduce tremendous opportunity in associated technology especially in Power electronics. We shall utilize this opportunity and contribute to the green trend.第2章中文译文：引言：一辆汽车被觉得是绿色旳，如果这部车比老式燃油内燃机对环境更和谐，而这种汽车涉及了任何非老式旳汽车，如混合动力汽车，涉及EV，燃油电池，生物燃料等提高了燃油经济性。
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Electric patrol car
Electric patrol car is a kind of for security, peacekeepers special design and development of car. The car is especially suitable for the public security patrol, pedestrian street, golf courses, tourist attractions, real estate (garden district), the large enterprises, departments and units, park, places of entertainment, sports venues, colleges and universities, hospitals, nursing homes, railway stations, airports, docks and other areas of traffic tools. Electric patrol car general can take two to eight, for four-wheel direction disc electric car, install a caution light, horn and propaganda device.
This kind of car can be roughly divided into open door car, patrol cars, minibuses and other patrol.
An electric patrol car is a car powered by an electric motor rather than a gasoline engine.From the outside,you would probably have no idea that a car is electric.In most cases,converting a gasoline-powered car creates electrics cars,and in that case it is impossible to tell.When you drive an electric car,often the only thing that clues you in to
its true nature is the fact it is nearly silent.Under the hood,there are a lot of differences between gasoline and electric cars:
The gasoline engine is replaced by an electric motor.
The electric motor gets its power from a controller. The controller gets its power from an arry of echargeable batteries.
The electric car battery drive, not only is the first choice of police patrol motor vehicle, and at the same time, urban management and law enforcement good helper. May many consumers hope electric car's endurance mileage as long as possible, so can more convenient, can and car comparable, if that's the case but to follow the endurance mileage long electric car "value" is also very high, and the high price is also not necessarily can buy endurance mileage longer electric car, electric endurance mileage is China the whole new energy electric car facing technical problem, so I want to have a long endurance mileage need new energy technology development.
REFERENCES
参考文献
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