国际商务英语单词
国际商务常用英语
一、信用证英语常用词句信用证种类——Kinds of L/C1. revocable L/C/irrevocable L/C 可撤销信用证/不可撤销信用证2.confirmed L/C/unconfirmed L/C 保兑信用证/不保兑信用证3.sight L/C/usance L/C 即期信用证/远期信用证4.transferable L/C(or)assignable L/C(or)transmissible L/C /untransferable L/C 可转让信用证/不可转让信用证5.divisible L/C/undivisible L/C 可分割信用证/不可分割信用证6.revolving L/C 循环信用证7.L/C with T/T reimbursement clause 带电汇条款信用证8.without recourse L/C/with recourse L/C 无追索权信用证/有追索权信用证9.documentary L/C/clean L/C 跟单信用证/光票信用证10.deferred payment L/C/anticipatory L/C 延付信用证/预支信用证11.back to back L/Creciprocal L/C 对背信用证/对开信用证12.traveller's L/C(or:circular L/C) 旅行信用证信用证有关各方名称——Names of Parties Concerned1. opener 开证人(1)applicant 开证人(申请开证人)(2)principal 开证人(委托开证人)(3)accountee 开证人(4)accreditor 开证人(委托开证人)(5)opener 开证人(6)for account of Messrs 付(某人)帐(7)at the request of Messrs 应(某人)请求(8)on behalf of Messrs 代表某人(9)by order of Messrs 奉(某人)之命(10)by order of and for account of Messrs 奉(某人)之命并付其帐户(11)at the request of and for account of Messrs 应(某人)得要求并付其帐户(12)in accordance with instruction received from accreditors 根据已收到得委托开证人得指示2.beneficiary 受益人(1)beneficiary 受益人(2)in favour of 以(某人)为受益人(3)in one's favour 以……为受益人(4)favouring yourselves 以你本人为受益人3.drawee 付款人(或称受票人，指汇票)(1)to drawn on (or :upon) 以(某人)为付款人(2)to value on 以(某人)为付款人(3)to issued on 以(某人)为付款人4.drawer 出票人5.advising bank 通知行(1)advising bank 通知行(2)the notifying bank 通知行(3)advised through…bank 通过……银行通知(4)advised by airmail/cable through…bank 通过……银行航空信/电通知6.opening bank 开证行(1)opening bank 开证行(2)issuing bank 开证行(3)establishing bank 开证行7.negotiation bank 议付行(1)negotiating bank 议付行(2)negotiation bank 议付行8.paying bank 付款行9.reimbursing bank 偿付行10.the confirming bank 保兑行Amount of the L/C 信用证金额 1. amount RMB￥… 金额：人民币2.up to an aggregate amount of Hongkong Dollars… 累计金额最高为港币……3.for a sum (or :sums) not exceeding a total of GBP… 总金额不得超过英镑……4.to the extent of HKD… 总金额为港币……5.for the amount of USD… 金额为美元……6.for an amount not exceeding total of JPY… 金额的总数不得超过……日元的限度The Stipulations for the shipping Documents 1. available against surrender of the following documents bearing our credit number and the full name and address of the opener 凭交出下列注名本证号码和开证人的全称及地址的单据付款2.drafts to be accompanied by the documents marked(×)below 汇票须随附下列注有(×)的单据3.accompanied against to documents hereinafter 随附下列单据4.accompanied by following documents 随附下列单据5.documents required 单据要求6.accompanied by the following documents marked(×)in duplicate 随附下列注有(×)的单据一式两份7.drafts are to be accompanied by… 汇票要随附(指单据)……Draft(Bill of Exchange)1.the kinds of drafts 汇票种类(1)available by drafts at sight 凭即期汇票付款(2)draft(s)to be drawn at 30 days sight 开立30天的期票(3)sight drafs 即期汇票(4)time drafts 远期汇票2.drawn clauses 出票条款(注：即出具汇票的法律依据)(1)all darfts drawn under this credit must contain the clause “Drafts drawn Under Bank of…credit No.…dated…” 本证项下开具的汇票须注明“本汇票系凭……银行……年……月……日第…号信用证下开具”的条款(2)drafts are to be drawn in duplicate to our order bearing the clause “Drawn u nder United Malayan Banking Corp.Bhd.Irrevocable Letter of Credit No.…dated July 12, 1978” 汇票一式两份，以我行为抬头，并注明“根据马来西亚联合银行1978年7月12日第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”(3)draft(s)drawn under this credit to be marked：“Drawn under…Bank L/C No.……Dated (issuing date of credit)” 根据本证开出得汇票须注明“凭……银行……年……月……日(按开证日期)第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”(4)drafts in duplicate at sight bearing the clauses“Drawn under…L/C No.…dated…” 即期汇票一式两份，注明“根据……银行信用证……号，日期……开具”(5)draft(s)so drawn must be in scribed with the number and date of this L/C 开具的汇票须注上本证的号码和日期(6)draft(s)bearing the clause：“Drawn under documentary credit No.…(shown above) of…Bank” 汇票注明“根据……银行跟单信用证……号(如上所示)项下开立”Invoice 1. signed commercial invoice 已签署的商业发票(in duplicate 一式两in triplicate 一式三份in quadruplicate 一式四份in quintuplicate 一式五份in sextuplicate 一式六份in septuplicate 一式七份in octuplicate 一式八份in nonuplicate 一式九份in decuplicate 一式十份)2.beneficiary's original signed commercial invoices at least in 8 copies issued in the name of the buyer indicating(showing/evidencing/specifying/declaration of)the merchandise, country of origin and any other relevant information. 以买方的名义开具、注明商品名称、原产国及其他有关资料，并经签署的受益人的商业发票正本至少一式八份3.Signed attested invoice combined with certificate of origin and value in 6 copies as reuired for imports into Nigeria. 以签署的，连同产地证明和货物价值的，输入尼日利亚的联合发票一式六份4.beneficiary must certify on the invoice…have been sent to the accountee 受益人须在发票上证明，已将……寄交开证人5.4% discount should be deducted from total amount of the commercial invoice 商业发票的总金额须扣除4%折扣6.invoice must be showed: u nder A/P No.… date of expiry 19th Jan. 1981 发票须表明：根据第……号购买证，满期日为1981年1月19日7.documents in combined form are not acceptable 不接受联合单据bined invoice is not acceptable 不接受联合发票Bill of Loading——提单 1. full set shipping(company's)clean on board bill(s)of lading marked "Freight Prepaid" to order of shipper endorsed to … Bank, notifying buyers 全套装船(公司的)洁净已装船提单应注明“运费付讫”，作为以装船人指示为抬头、背书给……银行，通知买方2.bills of lading made out in negotiable form 作成可议付形式的提单3.clean shipped on board ocean bills of lading to order and endorsed in blank marked "Freight Prepaid" notify: importer(openers,accountee) 洁净已装船的提单空白抬头并空白背书，注明“运费付讫”，通知进口人(开证人)4.full set of clean “on board”bills of lading/cargo receipt made out to our order/to order and endorsed in blank notify buyers M/S … Co. calling for shipment from China to Hamburg marked “Freight prepaid” / “Freight Payable at Destination”全套洁净“已装船”提单/货运收据作成以我(行)为抬头/空白抬头，空白背书，通知买方……公司，要求货物字中国运往汉堡，注明“运费付讫”/“运费在目的港付”5.bills of lading issued in the name of… 提单以……为抬头6.bills of lading must be dated not before the date of this credit and not later than Aug. 15, 1977 提单日期不得早于本证的日期，也不得迟于1977年8月15日7.bill of lading marked notify: buyer,“Freight Prepaid”“Linerterms”“received for shipment” B/L not acceptable 提单注明通知买方，“运费预付”按“班轮条件”，“备运提单”不接受8.non-negotiable copy of bills of lading 不可议付的提单副本二、国际贸易单证英语词汇汇总国际贸易单证英语词汇汇总：分析证书certificate of analysis一致性证书cettificate of conformity质量证书certificate of quality测试报告test report产品性能报告product performance report产品规格型号报告product specification report工艺数据报告process data report首样测试报告first sample test report价格/销售目录price/sales catalogue参与方信息party information农产品加工厂证书mill certificate邮政收据post receipt重量证书weight certificate重量单weight list证书certificate价值与原产地综合证书combined certificate of value and origin移动声明movement certificate数量证书certificate of quantity质量数据报文quality data message查询query查询回复response to query订购单purchase order制造说明manufacturing instructions领料单stores requisition产品售价单invoicing data sheet包装说明packing instruction内部运输单internal transport order统计及其他管理用内部单证statistical and other administrative internal documents直接支付估价申请direct payment valuation request直接支付估价单direct payment valuation临时支付估价单provisional payment valuation支付估价单payment valuation数量估价单quantity valuation request数量估价申请quantity valuation request合同数量单contract bill of quantities-BOQ不标价投标数量单unpriced tender BOQ标价投标数量单priced tender BOQ询价单enquiry临时支付申请interim application for payment 支付协议agreement to pay意向书letter of intent订单order总订单blanket order现货订单sport order租赁单lease order紧急订单rush order修理单repair order分订单call off order寄售单consignment order样品订单sample order换货单swap order订购单变更请求purchase order change request 订购单回复purchase order response租用单hire order备件订单spare parts order交货说明delivery instructions交货计划表delivery schedule按时交货delivery just-in-time发货通知delivery release交货通知delivery note装箱单packing list发盘/报价offer/quotation报价申请request for quote合同contract订单确认acknowledgement of order形式发票proforma invoice部分发票partial invoice操作说明operating instructions名牌name/product plate交货说明请求request for delivery instructions订舱申请booking request装运说明shipping instructions托运人说明书(空运) shipper's letter of instructions(air)短途货运单cartage order(local transport)待运通知ready for despatch advice发运单despatch order发运通知despatch advice单证分发通知advice of distribution of document.商业发票commercial invoice贷记单credit note佣金单commission note借记单debit note更正发票corrected invoice合并发票consolidated invoice预付发票prepayment invoice租用发票hire invoice税务发票tax invoice自用发票self-billed invoice保兑发票delcredere invoice代理发票factored invoice租赁发票lease invoice寄售发票consignment invoice代理贷记单factored credit note银行转帐指示instructions for bank transfer银行汇票申请书application for banker's draft托收支付通知书collection payment advice跟单信用证支付通知书document.ry credit payment advice跟单信用证承兑通知书document.ry credit acceptance advice跟单信用证议付通知书document.ry credit negotiation advice银行担保申请书application for banker's guarantee银行担保banker's guarantee跟单信用证赔偿单document.ry credit letter of indemnity信用证预先通知书preadvice of a credit托收单collection order单证提交单document. presentation form付款单payment order扩展付款单extended payment order多重付款单multiple payment order贷记通知书credit advice扩展贷记通知书extended credit advice借记通知书debit advice借记撤消reversal of debit贷记撤消reversal of credit跟单信用证申请书document.ry credit application跟单信用证document.ry credit跟单信用证通知书document.ry credit notification跟单信用证转让通知document.ry credit transfer advice跟单信用证更改通知书document.ry credit amendment notification 跟单信用证更改单document.ry credit amendment汇款通知remittance advice银行汇票banker's draft汇票bill of exchange本票promissory note帐户财务报表financial statement of account帐户报表报文statement of account message保险赁证insurance certificate保险单insurance policy保险申报单(明细表) insurance declaration sheet (bordereau)保险人发票insurer's invoice承保单cover note货运说明forwarding instructions货运代理给进口代理的通知forwarder's advice to import agent货运代理给出口商的通知forwarder's advice to exporter货运代理发票forwarder's invoice货运代理收据证明forwarder's certificate of receipt托运单shipping note货运代理人仓库收据forwarder's warehouse receipt货物收据goods receipt港口费用单port charges document.入库单warehouse warrant提货单delivery order装卸单handling order通行证gate pass运单waybill通用(多用)运输单证universal (multipurpose) transport document.承运人货物收据goods receipt, carriage全程运单house waybill主提单master bill of lading提单bill of lading正本提单bill of lading original副本提单bill of lading copy空集装箱提单empty container bill油轮提单tanker bill of lading海运单sea waybill内河提单inland waterway bill of lading不可转让的海运单证(通用) non-negotiable maritime transport document.nbsp(generic)大副据mate's receipt全程提单house bill of lading无提单提货保函letter of indemnity for non-surrender of bill of lading货运代理人提单forwarder's bill of lading铁路托运单(通用条款) rail consignment note (generic term)陆运单road list-SMGS押运正式确认escort official recognition分段计费单证recharging document.公路托运单road cosignment note空运单air waybill主空运单master air waybill分空运单substitute air waybill出国人员物品申报crew's effects declaration乘客名单passenger list铁路运输交货通知delivery notice(rail transport)邮递包裹投递单despatch note (post parcels)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal/combined transport document.nbsp(generic) 直达提单through bill of lading货运代理人运输证书forwarder's certificate of transport联运单证(通用) combined transport document.nbsp(generic)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal transport document.nbsp(generic)多式联运提单combined transport bill of lading/multimodal bill of lading订舱确认booking confirmation要求交货通知calling foward notice运费发票freight invoice货物到达通知arrival notice(goods)无法交货的通知notice of circumstances preventing delivery (goods)无法运货通知notice of circumstances preventing transport (goods)交货通知delivery notice (goods)载货清单cargo manifest载货运费清单freight manifest公路运输货物清单bordereau集装箱载货清单container manifest (unit packing list)铁路费用单charges note托收通知advice of collection船舶安全证书safety of ship certificate无线电台安全证书safety of radio certificate设备安全证书safety of equipment certificate油污民事责任书civil liability for oil certificate载重线证书loadline document.免于除鼠证书derat document.航海健康证书maritime declaration of health船舶登记证书certificate of registry船用物品申报单ship's stores declaration出口许可证申请表export licence, application出口许可证export licence出口结汇核销单exchange control declaration, exprotT出口单证( 海关转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T T1出口单证(内部转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T1 T2出口单证(原产地证明书) despatch note model T2T5管理单证(退运单证)(欧共体用) control document.nbspT5铁路运输退运单re-sending consigment noteT2L出口单证(原产地证明书)(欧共体用) despatch note model T2L 出口货物报关单goods declaration for exportation离港货物报关单cargo declaration(departure)货物监管证书申请表application for goods control certificate货物监管证书申请表goods control certificate植物检疫申请表application for phytosanitary certificate植物检疫证书phytosanitary certificate卫生检疫证书sanitary certificate动物检疫证书veterinary certifieate商品检验申请表application for inspection certificate商品检验证书inspection certificate原产地证书申请表certificate of origin, application for原产地证书certificate of origin原产地申明declaration of origin地区名称证书regional appellation certificate优惠原产地证书preference certificate of origin普惠制原产地证书certificate of origin form GSP领事发票cosular invoice危险货物申报单dangerous goods declaration出口统计报表statistical doucument, export国际贸易统计申报单intrastat declaration交货核对证明delivery verification certificate进口许可证申请表import licence, application for进口许可证import licence无商业细节的报关单customs declaration without commercial detail有商业和项目细节的报关单customs declaration with commercial and item detail无项目细节的报关单customs declaration without item detail有关单证related document.海关收据receipt (Customs)调汇申请application for exchange allocation调汇许可foreign exchange permit进口外汇管理申报exchange control declaration (import)进口货物报关单goods declaration for importation内销货物报关单goods declaration for home use海关即刻放行报关单customs immediate release declaration海关放行通知customs delivery note到港货物报关单cargo declaration (arrival)货物价值申报清单value declaration海关发票customs invoice邮包报关单customs declaration (post parcels)增值税申报单tax declaration (value added tax)普通税申报单tax declaration (general)催税单tax demand禁运货物许可证embargo permit海关转运货物报关单goods declaration for customs transitTIF国际铁路运输报关单TIF formTIR国际公路运输报关单TIR carnet欧共体海关转运报关单EC carnetEUR1欧共体原产地证书EUR 1 certificate of origin暂准进口海关文件ATA carnet欧共体统一单证single administrative document.海关一般回复general response (Customs)海关公文回复document.nbspresponse (Customs)海关误差回复error response (Customs)海关一揽子回复package response (Customs)海关计税/确认回复tax calculation /confirmation response (Customs) 配额预分配证书quota prior allocation certificate最终使用授权书end use authorization政府合同government contract进口统计报表statistical document. import跟单信用证开证申请书application for document.ry credit先前海关文件/报文previous Customs document.message三、跟单英语：验货常用语跟单英语：验货常用语成品检验Checking of finished products检验，检查inspection, check商检commodity inspection领面松wrinkles at top collar领面紧top collar appears tight领面起泡crumples at top collar领外口松collar edge appears loose领外口紧collar edge appears tight底领伸出collar band is longer than collar底领缩进collar band is shorter than collar底领里起皱wrinkles at collar band facing底领外露collar band lean out of collar倘领偏斜collar deviates from front center line 领窝不平creases below neckline后领窝起涌bunches below back neckline驳头起皱wrinkles at top lapel驳头反翘top lapel appears tight驳头外口松lapel edge appears loose驳头外口紧lapel edge appears tight驳口不直lapel roll line is uneven串口不直gorge line is uneven领卡脖tight neckline领离脖collar stand away from neck小肩起皱puckers at shoulders塌肩wrinkles at shoulder袖隆起皱creases at underarm袖隆缝起皱puckers at underarm seam塌胸lack of fullness at chest省尖起泡crumples at dart point拉链起皱wrinkles at zip fly止口不直front edge is uneven止口缩角front edge is out of square止口反翘front edge is upturned止口反吐facing leans out of front edge止口豁split at front edge止口下部搭叠过多crossing at front edge底边起皱wrinkles at hem后身起吊back of coat rides up背衩豁开split at back vent背衩搭叠过多crossing at back vent绗棉起皱puckers at quilting絮棉不均padded cotton is uneven边缘缺棉empty hem绱袖不圆顺diagonal wrinkles at sleeve cap袖子偏前sleeve leans to front袖子偏后sleeve leans to back前袖缝外翻inseam leans to front袖口起皱wrinkles at sleeve opening袖里拧diagonal wrinkles at sleeve lining袋盖反翘top flap appears tight 袋盖反吐flap lining leans out of edge袋盖不直flap edge is uneven袋口角起皱creases on two ends of pocket mouth袋口裂split at pocket mouth腰头探出end of waistband is uneven腰缝起皱wrinkles at waistband facing里襟里起皱creases at right fly夹裆tight crotch短裆short seat后裆下垂slack seat前浪不平wrinkles at front rise裆缝断线bursting of crotch seam裤脚前后two legs are uneven脚口不齐leg opening is uneven吊脚pulling at outseam or inseam烫迹线外撇crease line leans to outside烫迹线内撇crease line leans to inside腰缝下口涌bunches below waistline seam裙裥豁开split at lower part of skirt裙身吊split hem line rides up裙浪不匀skirt flare is uneven线路偏移stitch seam leans out line双轨接线stitch seam is uneven跳针skipping尺码不符off size缝制不良stitching quality is not good洗水不良washing quality is not good熨烫不良pressing quality is not good极光iron-shine水渍water stain锈迹rust污渍spot色差color shade, off shade, color deviation褪色fading, fugitive color线头thread residue毛头raw edge leans out of seam绣花不良embroidery design out line is uncovered四、进出口实用英语汇总单证英语：进出口实用英语汇总1. 通知对方以开立信用证As you have confirmed theorder, we have arranged with the Bank of China to open an L/C in your favor for the amount of US $150,000 in accordance with the trade terms stipulated.2. 通知对方已寄出信用证According to your request for opening L/C, we are pleased to inform you that we have airmailed today through the Bank of China an irrevocable L/C for $200,000 in favor of the New York Trading Co., Inc. on the following terms and conditions.3. 通知对方已开立并寄出信用证We hasten to inform you that we have today been advised by the Bank of China of the establishment of an L/C in your favor to the amount of $100,000 available on or before April 30, 2001.We believe it will be in your hands within this week.4. 通知对方外国银行开立信用证By order and for your account we have made fax instructions to our Los Angeles branch to establish an L/C in favor of the Pacific Trading Co., Inc., Los Angeles to the amount of US$50,000.5. 通知对方已收到信用证Thank you very much for your L/C covering your order No.100.The goods you have ordered are being prepared for shipment.As soon as the shipment has been executed, you will be advised by fax and our letter will follow with the shipping documents.来源：6. 通知信用证的开立与有效期限We have instructed the Bank of China to open an irrevocable letter of credit for US$35,000. This will be advised by the bankers' correspondents, Beijing City Commercial Bank. They will accept your draft on them at 30 days after sight for the amount of your invoices.The credit id valid until September 30.7. 通知对方已开立信用证，并支付汇票We have asked the Bank of China here to open a credit for US$50,000 in your favor and this will remain in force until March 31, 2001.The bank will honor your draft at sight for the amount of your invoice drawn under the L/C.8. 督促对方开立信用证In order to execute your order No.205, please urgently open an irrevocable L/C for the amount of US$100,000 in our favor, available until April 30.As the shipping time is near, we ask you to instruct your bankers to open it so that we can receive it within this week.9. 督促对方确认订单并开立信用证We are pleased to confirm your fax order today and inform you that your order No. 100 is now ready for shipment per M/S Pacific leaving Jilong around June 10.Therefore we are anxious to receive your advice of L/C against this order.10. 要求提早开立信用证We need a period of three months for production in order to execute this order and request your immediately arrangement for opening an L/C two months before the time of shipment. 11. 督促迟迟未寄发的信用证The letter of credit covering your order No. 500 has not yet reached us in spite of our repeated requests.We have been working on the manufacturers to execute your order at higher prices.Therefore we request you open an L/C urgently so that we can make the shipment stipulated.12. 收到信用证后，立刻装运货物The goods of your order are being manufactured in time for the shipping date requested.You inform us that you will open an irrevocable L/C, valid until August 31 and we as k you to send it promptly.Immediately on arrival of the L/C we will pack and ship the goods urgently as requested.来源：13. 通知准备装运，并督促尽早开立信用证We are pleased to confirm your order for electric typewriters amounting to US$100,000.As requested, we are preparing to make shipment by the end of October and would request you open an irrevocable L/C in our favor as soon as possible, valid until November 20.14. 要求修改信用证的付款条件According to the L/C we received, the payment is to be made at 120 d/s.But we want it to be made at sight.This has been agreed to by you and expressly mentioned in your order sheet.Therefore please amend it as stated.15. 因分批装运而必须修改信用证We have just received your advice that you cannot carry out the complete shipment covering our order for sundries at one sailing.Therefore we have instructed our bankers to amend the L/C so that partial shipments may be allowed.来16. 因工厂罢工，要求延长信用证期限We are afraid the L/C may expire before shipment because of the strike in our factory.Therefore please explain our situation to your customers and try to get their consent to extend the L/C to August 31.17. 要求修改信用证的计价方法Your order has been accepted on FOB basis.Your L/C is described as C&F basis and some differences will be made between the invoice amount and the amount of you require.Therefore please amend the price of your L/C to FOB basis.18. 由于船位不足，请求延长信用证的期限In spite of our effort, we find it impossible to secure space for the shipment owing to the unusual shortage of shipping space.Please allow us to request that you extend your L/C to April 10.19. 答应延长信用证的期限As requested in your letter of April 10, we have instructed our bankers to extend the L/C No. 1025 up to and including October 31.Therefore you will receive the extension advice by this weekend.五、常用服饰英语跟单英语：常用服饰英语textilenatural fabric 天然纤维artificial fibre 人造纤维synthetic fibre 合成纤维chemical fibre 化学纤维synthetic fabric 混合纤维cotton棉silk丝wool羊毛linen麻hemp大麻flax亚麻ramie苎麻rayon人造丝nylon尼龙textile fabric织物针织品braided fabric 纺织物calico白布cutton cloth 棉布linen cloth亚麻布satin缎子dress女服tailored suit 女式西服trousseau嫁妆blouse紧身衣衫nightdress女睡衣nightgown女睡衣skirt裙子split skirt裙裤divided skirt 裙裤围裙petticoat衬裙stays束腰girdle腰带headdress头饰turban穆斯林的头巾hair net发网brush发刷cravat领巾neckerchief 领巾scarf围巾shawl披肩muff暖手筒handkerchief 手帕glove手套wrist watch 手表handbag手提包earring耳环necklace项链pendant项饰ring戒指lipstick口红perfume香水cap便帽hat礼帽swimming cap 泳帽hood风帽hatbox帽盒mantle斗篷clothing[总称]衣服clothes服装cheong-sam旗袍garment外衣everyday clothes 便服coat外套housecoat家常服vest汗衫T-shirtT恤衫T-shirt圆领汗衫waistcoat背心underwear内衣裤shorts短裤pants短裤pants裤子trousers[复]裤子belt腰带牛仔裤shoe鞋slipper拖鞋moccasin 软拖鞋sandal凉鞋lace鞋带boot靴子stocking 长统袜sock短袜V-neckV型领lapel翻领tie领带bow tie 蝶形领带ascot宽领带tie pin领带夹belt腰带button纽扣六、男装名词集锦跟单英语之男装名词集锦西装Western-styleclothes/tailoredsuit/suit男装men’swear;men’ssuit男童装boy’sclothes西装上衣uppergarment;jacket/topcoat/blouse/blouson 中西式上衣Chineseandwesternstyleblouse中山装上衣Zhongshancoat/Chinesestylejacket/Sun-Yat-Senstylejacket 男式短上衣mannishjacket男便装上衣sackcoat男紧身上衣doublet短西装上衣minisuit轻便型上衣/运动上衣sportscoat运动短上衣stadiumjumper双排扣短上衣spencercroise(法)V领套头上衣pullenV(法)风帽上衣hoodjacket;anorak套头宽上衣pullblouson宽大短上衣talma紧身短上衣tunic/coatee超短上衣minicoat春秋衫springandautumncoat罩衫smock/blouse茄克衫jacket/blouson衬衫shirt/blouse男衬衫shirt/chemise(法)男用外衬衫liquette(法)美式男用衬衫chemiseAmerican(法)礼服衬衫dressshirt休闲衬衫leisureshirt牛仔衬衫cowboyshirt套头衬衫pullovershirt背心/马甲vest/waistcoat礼服背心dress/eveningvest西服背心waistcoat/vest/weskit户外背心outervest运动背心sport/gymvest牛仔背心cowboyvest单襟背心single-breastedvest两扣背心two-buttonwaistcoat紧身背心doublet/weskit长裤trousers/pants/slacks/pegs/pantalon(法)bags(英口语)西装长裤trousers 英式长裤Britishtrousers高尔夫长裤golfjupon礼服裤dressslacks//courtbreeches礼服条纹裤stripedtrousers直筒裤straighttrousers;stem-pipepants;cigarettepants;straight-legslacks 牛仔裤jeans西装短裤shorts沙滩短裤beachshorts运动短裤trunks;sportsshorts;gymshorts拳击短裤boxershorts/trunks冲浪短裤jams;surfer’sshorts散步短裤walkingshorts宽松短裤baggys男套装men’ssuit;tailleurmasculin(法)男式长服lounge/businesssuit西装式套装tailoredsuit正统男西装classicsuit普通西装lounge/sacksuit古典西装classicmodelsuit意大利欧式西装Italiancontinentalsuit英式西装British-stylesuit日常套装afternoonsuit简便套装easy/casual/leisuresuit;leisuresuit;运动套装sweat/joggingsuit;gymoutfit登山服mountaineeringsuit 滑雪服skisuit户外活动套装blazersuit男海滩装cabanaset燕尾服swallow-tailedcoat;swallowtail;eveningdress内裤pants/underpants;underdrawers三角裤briefs;shortpants;undershorts七、外贸单证英语词汇缩写集锦外贸单证英语词汇缩写集锦cu.ft.;cb.ft. cubic foot 立方英尺cur.;curt. current(this month) 本月cur. currency 币制cu.yd.;cb.yd. cubic yard 立方码C.W.O. cash with order 订货时付款c.w.t.;cwt. hundredweight 英担(122磅)CY Container Yard 集装箱堆场d. denarii(L),panny or pence 便士D/A Document against Acceptance 承兑交单d/a days after acceptance 承兑后若干天(交款)D.D.;D/D Demand draft 即期汇票Delivered at docks 码头交货D/d documentary draft 跟单汇票Dec. December 十二月deld. delivered 交付dept. department 部;股;处destn. destination 目的港;目的地D/f dead freight 空舱费drt. draft 汇票diam. diameter 直径diff. difference 差额;差异dis.;disc't discount 贴现;折扣;贴现息dis.;Dolls. dollars 元Dmge. Damage 损坏destn. destination 目的港;目的地D/N debit note 久款帐单doc. document 单据doc.att. document attached 附单据;附证件dols.;dolls. dollars 元D/P document against payment 付款交单doz. dozen 打d.p. direct port 直达港口d/s;d.s.;days.st. days after sight 见票后若干天付款ds.;d's days 日dto.;do ditto 同上;同前d.t. delivery time 交货时间dup.;dupl.;duplte. duplicate 誊本;第二份;两份D.W.T. dead weight tonnage 载重吨D/Y delivery 交付;交货dz.;doz. dozen 打ea. each 每E.C. Exempli causa(for example) 例如E/D Export Declaration 出口申报单E.E. errors excepted 错误当查;错误当改E.E.C. European Economic Community 欧洲共同体e.g.;ex.g. Exempli gratia(L.)=for example 例如end. endorsed;endorsement 背书encl.;enc. ecnlosure 附件E.&O.E. errors and omissions excepted 错漏当查;错漏当改E.O.M. end of month 月末E.O.S. end of season 季末eq. equivalent 等值的,等量的e.q.m. equal quantity monthly 每月相等的数量Et.seq. Et sequentia(and other things) 及以下所棕述的Et.al. Et.alibi(and elsewhere) 等等e.t.a.;eta;ETA estimated(expected)time of arrival 预计到时间etc. et cetera(L.)=and others 等等ETCL;etcl expected time of commencement of loading 预计开装时间etd;ETD estimated(expected)time of departure 预计离港时间ETDEL expected time of delivery 预计交货时间ETFD expected time of finishing discharging 预计卸完时间ETFL expected time of finishing loading 预计装完时间ex per or out of 搭乘ex. excluding 除外;example 例子;样本Exch. exchange,兑换;汇兑Excl. exclusive or excluding 除外ex.int. ex interest 无利息exp. export 出口Exs. expenses 费用Ext. extra 特别的;额外的F degree Fahrenheit 华氏度数F.A. free alongside(ship) (船)边交货f/a/a;F.A.A. free from all average 分损不赔(保险用语)f.a.c. fast as can 尽快f.a.q.;E.A.Q. fair average quality 大路货;中等品质f.a.s.;F.A.S. free alongside ship 船边交货价F.B. freight bill 运费单。
国际商务英语常用词语汇总
Aabide by the contract 遵守合同absolute advantage 绝对利益，绝对优势absolute contract 不附加条件的合同absolute inflation 绝对通货膨胀absolute priority 绝对优先absolute profit 绝对利润absolute quota 绝对配额absorb foreign capital/funds 吸收外资absorb idle fund 吸收游资accelerate growth 加速增长acceleration in money-circulation 货币流通的加快acceptance 承兑acceptance credit 承兑信用证account analysis 账目分析account balance 账户结余account of assets 资产账account of business 营业账account of cash 现金账户account of countries 国别账户accumulate funds 积累资金acting manager 代理经理acts of God 自然力actual total loss 实际全险additional tax 附加税adjustment调整，矫正ad valorem tax 从价税advancement 预付，垫付advertising 广告，广告业，广告学，广告法advertising war广告战advertising-media 广告媒介advising bank，notifying bank 通知行advisory service 咨询服务affiliated company 附属公司，联营公司affirmation of contract批准合同affix one’s signature to an agreement 在协议上签字after-sales service 售后服务after-tax income 纳税后收入agency abroad 国外代办处，国外代理agency agreement 代理协定，代理合同agent 代理人aggregate consumption/demand/efficiency 总消费/总需求/总效率aggregate GNP 国民生产总值aging-industry 落后工业，过时工业agreement 协议agreement between labor and management 劳资协议agreement on economical aid 经济援助协定agreement on scientific and technical cooperation 科学技术合作协定aid to trade贸易的四大辅助部门（指运输，银行，报销，会计或广告）aid without conditions attached 无附加条件的援助Air transport航空运输airway bill 航空运单all risks 一切险，全险，综合险allocate quota分配配额，国别配额allocation of expenditures 费用的分摊，支出分摊allocation of resources 资源分配allowance 折扣，减价，津贴，补助费already-issued bond已发行债券amount of export/import 出口额，输出额/进口额，输入额annual budget年度预算annual report 年度报告anticipatory L/C预支信用证ante-dated B/L 倒签提单anti-dumping tariff 反倾销关税税则anti-boycott law 反经济抵制法anti-subsidy duties 反补贴税anti-trust law 反托拉斯法applicant 申请人application for export/import license 进出口许可证申请applied economics 应用经济学appreciated currency 增值货币approval of export/import 批准出口/批准进口arbitration clause 仲裁条款arbitral decision /arbitral award 仲裁裁决arbitration committee仲裁委员会arbitration law 仲裁立法arbitration organization仲裁机构article prohibited for export 禁止出口物品Asiadollar 亚洲美元Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行assembling with imported components 来件装配assessment资产评估，税款评定，损失计算asset 资产asset liability ratio 资产负债比率associate company 联营公司，联号association of consumers 消费者协会attract funds 吸引资金auction 拍卖auctioneer 拍卖人auditing审计学，审核，查账Australian dollar 澳大利亚元average quality 平均质量Bback door dealing后门销售back to back credit 背对背信用证balance a budget 平衡预算balance amount 差额，余额balance between import and export 收支平衡balance of payment 国际收支平衡，国际收支差额表ban on export/import 禁止出口/禁止进口bank account 银行往来账户bank crisis 银行危机banker’s draft 银行汇票banking 银行业，金融，银行学barrier to trade 贸易壁垒barter 物物交换，以货易货basic commodities 基本商品basic industry基础工业basic law 基本法basic norms of the international order 国际秩序的基本准则be conducive to （peace）有益于（平和）bear expenses/risk 负担费用/承担风险bearer B/L不记名提单become debt-ridden 债台高筑Belgian Francs比利时法郎beneficiary受益人bid 递盘bidder 竞卖者bill of exchange（draft）汇单bill of lading提单bilateral trade/treaty 双边贸易/双边条约block and embargo 封销与禁运board of directors 董事会bond债券，公债，证券，契约，合约bonded warehouse 报税仓库bottleneck industry 薄弱环节产业brain drain 人才外流brand name 品牌breach of contract 违约Bretton Woods Agreement 布雷顿森林协定brokerage 经纪费business consolidated tax 工商统一税business correspondence 商业信函business law 商法business negotiation 洽谈业务business reputation 商业信誉business tax 商业税，营业税buyer’s credit 买方信贷CCanadian dollar 加拿大元capital 资本，股本，资方capital construction projects 基本建设项目cartel 卡特尔cease to be effective 停止生效census 人口普查，统计调查CIF(Cost，Insurance and Freight) 成本加保险费加运费CIF Ex Ship’s Hold 成本加保险费、运费、舱底交接CIF Landed 成本加保险费、运费、卸货费CIF Liner Terms成本加保险费、运费班轮条件CIP（Carriage Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至CFR(Cost and Freight) 成本加运费CFR landed 成本加运费、卸货费charter party B/L 租船提单CCPIT(China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)中国对外贸易促进委员会check（cheque）支票claim 索赔，债权，赔偿金额，要求权clean bill 光票clean B/L 清洁提单clean credit 光票信用证collecting bank 代收银行collective economy 集体经济collection 托收combat inflation 反通货膨胀combined transport 多式联运combined transport B/L 多式联运提单come into force/effect 生效commercial and industrial law and regulation 工商法规commercial counselor 商务参赞commercial credit 商业信用，商业信贷commercial invoice （commercial draft）商业发票commission 佣金Commodity Inspection Bureau 商检局common market 共同市场common progress and prosperity 共同进步，共同繁荣company credit 公司信贷company law 公司法comparative advantage 比价优势compatriot 同胞compensation agreement 补偿贸易协定compensation trade 补偿贸易comprehensive agreement全面协定concerted effort 共同努力conciliation commission 调解委员会，协调委员会conclude business 成交conditional acceptance 有条件的接受conditioned weight 公重confirmation 确认书confirming bank 保兑行confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证congestion of port 港口拥挤consignment 寄售consignment note 寄售单，托运通知书consolidated industrial and commercial taxes 工商统一税consignee 收货人consignor，shipper托运人constructive total loss 推定全损consular invoice 领事发票consumer goods 消费品，生活资料container B/L 集装箱提单contract 合同contract responsibility system 承包责任制contract terms 合同条件，合同条款contracting parties 契约当事人，立约双方，立约各方contractor承包商，承造商，认约人contribution from member states 会员国缴纳的会费contributor 资助国，捐助人，纳税人cooperation and collaboration 合作与协作cooperative venture 合作企业counter offer 还盘counter sample对等样品，回样counter purchase 互购counter trade 对销贸易credit first 信誉第一creditor country 债权国C.T.D.（Combined Transport Documents）多式联运单据currency exchange 货币兑换currency regulation 外汇管理条例current market price 现时市价current price 现行价customary packing习惯包装customs barrier 关税壁垒customs duties关税customs invoice海关发票customs law 海关法，关税法律customs regulations 海关规章，海关条例customs seizures 海关扣押customs union 关税同盟cut throat competition你死我活的竞争，残酷竞争DDAF(Delivered At Frontier) 边境交货damage caused by heating and sweating 受热受潮险D/A（Documents against Acceptance）承兑交单D/D（Remittance by Banker’s Demand Draft）票汇D/P（Documents against Payment）付款交单D/P sight (Documents against Payment at Sight) 即期付款交单DDP(Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货DDU(Delivered Duty Unpaid) 未完税交货DES(Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港传上交货DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay) 目的港码头交货debt 欠款，债务debt service ratio 还本付息比，偿债比率declaration for import/export 进口申报/出口申报defendant 被诉方Deferred Payment Credit 延期付款信用证deferred payment 延期付款demand over supply 供不应求，求过于供destabilizing factor不稳定因素developed country 发达国家developing country 发展中国家development of manpower/resources 人力开发，资源开发diplomatic immunities 外交豁免权diplomatic mission abroad 驻外使团direct B/L 直达提单discount 折扣，减价，体贴，铁水，贴现率dishonor 拒付disparity between the price of primary product and those of manufacture 初级产品与制成品价格之间的剪刀差distributor 分销商Documentary credit 跟单信用证donation country 捐赠国，援助国Dow Jones Average 道琼斯平均指数draft contract 合同草案，草约drain of foreign exchange 外汇消耗drain on supplies 脱销drastic reduction 大幅度削减drawee 受票人drawer 出票人drawing rights of IMF （国际货币基金的）特别提款权dual exchange market 两种外汇市场dual tariff system 双重关税率制dumping policy 倾销政策dumping price 倾销价格durable consumer goods耐用消费品dutiable 应缴税的，应征税的duty free goods 免税货物Eearning in foreign trade 外汇收入ease of credit 放款信贷，放款信用economic aid 经济援助economic complementarity 经济上互补economic order 经济秩序economic performance 经济成效economic planning 经济计划embargo and blockade 封锁禁运embezzlement and theft 贪污盗窃emerging nation 新兴国家employment rate 就业率EMP(European Main Ports) 欧洲主要口岸encourage investment 鼓励投资endorsement 背书enter into a contract签订合同enter into force 生效enterprise企业enterprise group 企业集团entrepot trade 转口贸易entrepreneur 企业家equality and mutual benefit 平等互利established international practice 公认的国际惯例established principle of international law 公认的国际法准则European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系European Union欧洲联盟，欧盟examination and approval 审批excessive growth 过度增长exclusive agent；sole agent 独家代理exclusive buyer 独家买主exclusive sales agreement 独家经销协定export permit 出口许可证export quota 出口配额export volume 出口量export-oriented 外向型，出口型EXW(Ex Works) 工厂交货Ffail to keep one’s promise 违约fair competition 公平竞争fake and inferior goods 伪劣产品F．A．Q.（Fair Average Quality）良好平均品质FAS(Free Alongside Ship) 装运港船边交货favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差favored treatment 优惠待遇FCA（Free Carrier）货交承运人final and binding on both parties 不可更改对双方均有约束力的finalize the business 成交financial center 金融中心Financial Times 英国《金融时报》firm offer 确盘，实盘FOB(Free On Board) 装运港船上交货FOB Liner Terms 装运港船上交货班轮条件FOB Under Tackle装运港吊钩下交货FOB Stowed 包括理仓费在内的装运港船上交货FOB Trimmed 包括平仓费在内的装运港船上交货FOBST(FOB Stowed and Trimmed)包括理仓费、平仓费在内的装运港船上交货First National City Bank 美国花旗银行first priority 第一优先项目Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 联合国粮农组织force majeure 不可抗力foreign currency外汇foreign exchange reserve 外汇储备foreign investment law 外资法，外国投资法foreign trade 对外贸易foreign trade law 外贸法formal agreement/clause正式协定/正式条款forward contract 远期交货合同Forty Eight Group 英国外贸48家集团framework 框架free trade zone 自由贸易区freight 运费freight prepaid 运费已付freight to collect；freight to be paid 运费待付French Francs 法国法郎futures commission merchant 期货佣金商futures exchanges 期货交易所futures trading；future transaction 期货交易Ggain and loss 损益gain profit 获利general agent 总代理general sanction 全面制裁Generalized System of Preference（GSP）普惠制generally accepted 公认的get into debt 负债give priority to 给……以优先government aid 政府援助government at all levels 各级政府government intervention 政府干预government loans政府贷款grade of goods 商品的等级grass-roots organization 基层组织gross domestic product（GDP）国内生产总值，国内总产值gross for net 以毛做净gross national product （GNP）国民生产总值gross weight 毛重HHague Rules 海牙规则half-finished goods 半成品handling capacity of ports 港口吞吐能力harbor facilities 港口设备hard currency 硬通货，硬货币hard times 萧条时期，不景气head office 总公司，总部hedging套期保值high commissioner 高级商务代表high-grade 品质优良的，第一流的high income country 高收入国家high standard of living 高生活水平hinterland 腹地，内地holdup in the sale of commodity 商品滞销home currency 本国货币home market 本国市场，国内市场Hong Kong dollar 港币，港元hook damage 钩损险host country 东道国human and non-human resources 人力物力资源Iill manage 管理不善illegal transaction 非法交易imbalance in the international economy 国际经济失调imbalance of trade 入超，贸易不平衡imitation brand 冒牌import license 进口许可improve the investment environment 改善投资环境in bulk 散装incorporated enterprise 法人企业indemnify 赔偿indent 订单independence and self-reliance 独立自主和自力更生indicative mark 指示性标志indirect trade 间接贸易individual enterprise 个人企业individual income tax 个人所得税individual international commodity agreement 单项商品协定industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税industrial property 工业产权industrialization 工业化industrialized country 工业化国家inflation通货膨胀inflation rate 通货膨胀率inflow of fund 资金流入infrastructure 基础设施infringement of trade mark 商标权的侵犯injured party 遭受损失方inland market 内地市场inland water transportation 内河航运inner packing 内包装inquiry 询价，询盘inquiry sheet 询价单input 投入insecure investment 不安全的投资inspection of import and export commodities 进出口商品检验installment 分期付款institutional reform 体质改革insurance 保险insurance broker 保险经纪人insurance policy 保险单insurance certificate 保险证书insurer 承保人integrated regional cooperation 一体化区域合作integration of industry and trade 工贸结合intellectual property 知识产权interest-free 无息的interest rate 利息率interested parties 当事人，有关方面International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD)国际复兴开发银行international banking 国际银行业务International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会International Standard Organization（ISO）国际标准局international convention 国际公约International Court of Justice 国际法庭International Customs Union 世界关税同盟International Development Association(IDA) 国际开发协会international economic order 国际经济秩序international finance 国际金融International Finance Corporation (IFC) 国际金融公司international investment 国际投资International Investment Bank 国际投资银行international market 国际市场International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms（Incoterms）国际贸易术语解释通则International Trade Center国际贸易中心international trust and investment 国际信托投资introduce foreign investment 引进外国投资investment 投资investment environment 投资环境investment in fixed assets 固定资产投资investor 投资者invisible export 无形出口，劳务出口invisible hand 无形之手invitation to bid 招标invitation to offer邀请发盘invitation to tender 招标invoice 发票issue bonds 发行债券issued stocks 已发行的股票Italian Lira意大利里拉Jjob creation 创造就业joint communique，joint declaration 联合公报，联合申明joint enterprise 合资企业joint venture 合资企业jointly operated by government and private individual 合资合营Klabor intensive 劳动密集型land bridge ，continental bridge 大陆桥large and medium-sized state-owned enterprise 国营大中型企业laws and regulations 法规lay time 装卸时间leading industries领先行业leasing 租赁least developed world 最不发达国家legal advisor 法律顾问lending country 贷款国length，capacity and weight 度量衡letter of guarantee 保函level of consumption 消费水平level of income 收入水平limited liability company 有限公司lift the embargo on 解禁liner bill of lading 班轮提单line of business 经营范围liner transport 班轮运输liner’s freight tariff 班轮运输表loan 贷款Lodge a claim 提出索赔Lome Convention 洛美协定long form bill of loading 全式提单long ton 长吨lose and gain 损益low income level 低收入水平low interest 低息legal weight 法定重量Mmacroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策mail transfer （M/T）信汇main business line 主要经营项目main currency 主要货币main industrial sectors 主要工业部门maintain good growth momentum 保持良好增长势头major items 大宗商品major project 重点工程make a bid 投标，递价make up each other’s dificiencies 取长补短make use of foreign funds 使用外资malignant inflation 恶性通货膨胀manufacturer’s invoice 厂商发票manufactured goods制成品market analysis 市场分析market control 市场管理marketing 销售学，营销学measurement ton 尺码吨measures of expediency 权益之计meet demand 满足需求member nation 成员国memorandum 备忘录，纪要，通知单merchandise trade 商品贸易metric ton 公吨Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation对外贸易经济合作部momentum of development 发展势头monetary and financial crisis 货币金融危机monopolize the market 垄断市场most favored nation （MFN）最惠国motive of international short-term capital国际短期资本流动multi-facet ，multi-channel cooperation 多层次，多渠道的合作multilateral agreement 多边协定multilateral trade 多边贸易multinational 多国的，跨国的，多国公司（的）mutually beneficial cooperation 互惠互利的合作mutually complementary 互补的mutual exchange of needed goods 互通有无municipalities with independent economic planning 计划单列市Nnational assets 国家资产national budget 国家预算national economy 国民经济national income 国民收入nationalization 国有化negotiating bank 议付银行net weight 净重neutral packing 中性包装new international economic order 国际经济新秩序newly added production capacity新增生产能力non-government trade agreement 民间贸易协定non-tariff measure/barrier 非关税措施/壁垒non-transferable L/C 不可转让信用证North America Free Trade Area （NAFTA）北美自由贸易区North-south trade 南北贸易nude packing 裸装Oobserve contractual obligation 遵守契约义务ocean and rail 海陆联运，海轮铁路联运ocean transport；marine transport 海洋运输offer 发盘office of commercial attache 商务专员处office of commercial counselor 商务参赞处office of commercial representative商务代表处official aid program 官方援助方案offshore trade transaction 境外贸易往来oil dollar 石油美元oil producing country 产油国old and unequal international economic order 旧的，不平等的国际经济秩序on board B/L；shipped B/L 已装船提单on deck B/L 舱面提单open a business 开业，开始营业open bidding 公开招标open coastal cities 沿海开放城市open negotiation credit 公开议付信用证opening bank，issuing bank 开证行opening wider to the outside world 进一步开放operate under capacity 开工不足operation and management 经营管理optional port 选择港order B/L 提示提单original B/L 正本提单original data原始数据overcapacity 开工不足overseas business 海外业务overseas investment 海外投资ownership system 所有权，所有制Ppackage deal 一揽子交易packing list 装箱单parcel post receipt 邮包收据parcel post transportation 邮包运输parent company 母公司，总公司，上级公司Paris House 巴黎证券交易所partial shipment 分批装运participating country参加国patent 专利patent law 专利法patent license 专利权，专利许可证pattern of trade 贸易格局，贸易方式payee 受款人payer 付款人paying bank 付款银行payment by installments 分期付款payment in advance 预付货款penalty 罚金People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行People’s Insurance Company of China（PICC）中国人民保险公司per capita income 人均收入permanent member of the Security Council 安理会常任理事国peso 比索（拉美一些国家主币）physical assets 有形资产physical delivery实际交货planned economy 计划经济political economics 政治经济学population explosion人口爆炸port of destination 目的港port of shipment 装运港potentialities in foreign trade 外贸潜力poverty-stricken area 贫困地区preferential system 特惠制度preferential treatment 优惠待遇premium 保险费presentation 提示primary，secondary and tertiary sectors in the economy 经济中初级、第二和第三产业部门primary exporting country 初级产品出口国principle of equal pay for equal work 同工同酬原则private business（enterprise）私营企业private sector of the economy 私有经济部门privatization私有化processing industry 加工工业processing trade 加工贸易product buyback产品回购prohibited goods禁运品prohibition and restricton禁运和限制promissory note本票protectionism保护主义protectionist measures 保护主义措施protective duty 保护性关税provisional treaty 临时条款public welfare 公共福利purchase contract（confirmation）购货合同（确认书）Qquality as per buyer’s sample 质量以买方样品为准quality as per seller’s sample 质量以卖方样品为准quality control 质量管理quality of labor force 劳动力素质quota 配额quotation 报价Rrail transport 铁路运输railway bill 铁路运单raise an embargo 解除禁运range of commodities 商品范围ratification of the budget 预算批准raw material 原料reach a compromise 达成妥协ready market 畅销real estate 房地产rebate 回扣received for shipment bill of lading 备运提单recipient country 受援国reciprocal agreement 互惠协定reciprocal credit 对开信用证rectification 调整，整顿rectify the economic order 治理经济秩序red figure 赤字reduction and exemption of taxes 税收减免reform of economic system 经济体制改革regional cooperation 区域合作regional development 区域发展regionalization 区域化registered trade mark 注册商标regulate the market 维持市场，整顿市场rely on one’s own efforts 自力更生remain in force 继续生效remittance 汇付remitting bank 汇出行renew a contract 续订合同research on markets 市场调查研究resort to arbitration 诉诸仲裁responsible for one’s own profits and losses 自负盈亏responsibility system 责任制restructure foreign trade 改革外贸体制retail price 零售价retaliatory tariff 报复性关税return of investment 投资收益率revise a contract 修改合同revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证right of enterprise to independent action 企业独立自主权right of management 管理权right of recourse 追索权risk of clash & breakage 破损破碎险risk of leakage 渗漏险risk of odor 串味险risk of rust 锈损险risk of shortage 短量险road transport 公路运输round of negotiation 谈判回合Ssale by descriptions and illustrations 凭说明书和图样买卖sale by grade 凭等级买卖sale by specification 凭规格销售sale by sample 凭样销售sale by standard 凭标准买卖sales confirmation 销售确认书sales contract 销售合同sales volume 销售量sanction 制裁，批准，许可scissors difference 剪刀差scope of business 经营范围SDR（Special Drawing Right）特别提款权seaworthy packing 适合海运的包装seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决seek common ground while reserving differences 求同存异self-employed person 个体经营者service business 服务性行业settlement of claim 理赔share-holder 股东，股票持有人shipping advice 装运通知shipping by chartering租船运输shipping mark 运输标志，唛头short from B/L 简式提单，略式提单short ton 短吨side-line business 副业Sight Credit 即期信用证sight draft 即期汇票signatory country 签约国Sino-foreign joint venture ，enterprises with Sino-foreign cooperation，and foreign enterprises中外合资企业，中外合营企业，外资企业（合称三资企业）small and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企业S/O（shipping order）装货单solely-owned enterprises 独资企业special economic zones 经济特区specification of goods 商品规格spot exchanges balance 现汇结存Standard International Trade Classification （联合国）标准国际贸易分类stale B/L 过期提单state treasury 国库券Standby Letter of Credit 备用信用证stock exchange 股票交易所storage and transportation 储运straight B/L记名提单strikes risk 罢工险submission to tender 投标supply over demand 供过于求surplus country 顺差国家sustained growth 持续增长symbolic delivery 象征性交货Swiss France 瑞士法郎Ttariff and non-tariff barrier 关税和非关税壁垒tariff custom union 关税同盟tax exemption 免费technological transfer 技术转让terms and conditions条款the metric system 公制theoretical weight 理论重量through B/L 联运提单time charter 期租船time draft（usance bill）远期汇票T. T.(telegraphic transfer) 电汇toll processing business with materials，sample or technical drawings supplied by buyers，and compensation trade 三来一补（来料、来样、来图加工和补偿贸易）total industrial output value 工业总产值total loss 全部损失，全损trade act 贸易法trade agreement 贸易协定trade embargo 禁止通商trade liberalization 贸易自由化trade mark 商标，商标专用权trade pattern 贸易格局trade protection 贸易保护trade terms 贸易术语，贸易条款trade volume 贸易额tramp 不定期租船transferable credit 可转让信用证transshipment 转船transshipment B/L 转船提单transit trade 过境贸易，转口贸易turnover 营业额two-way trade 双向贸易U unfavorable balance of trade 国际贸易逆差US dollar 美元unclean B/L; Foul B/L 不清洁提单unconfirmed letter of credit 不保兑信用证underwriter 保险公司usance letter of credit 远期信用证Vvalue-added tax 增值税volume of trade 贸易额，营业额voluntary offer 主动发盘voyage charter 程租船Wwar risk 战争险warning mark 警告性标志weak currency 弱币，软币weather working days 晴天工作日weight memo 重量单weight ton 重量吨wholesale price 批发价without recourse 无追索权World Bank 世界银行world monetary system世界货币制度world of industry and commerce工商界WPA(with particular average) 水渍险WTO(World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织W/W(warehouse to warehouse) 仓至仓条款Yyen 日元yield returns 利润收益yuan 元（中国货币）。
国际商务英语专有名词表
Unit Oneinternational business exports/importsexporter/importerpatentstrademarkscopyrightsinternational trade transportationtourismbankingadvertisingconstructionretailing/wholesaling insuranceeducationmass communication specializationabsolute advantage comparative advantageinput/outputopportunity cost opportunity cost ratios exchange rateoperating costsbank credit agreements clearing arrangementstrade in goodstrade in servicesvisible goods/invisible goods international investments balance of paymentsforeign direct investment (FDI)manufactured goodscultural conflicts negotiationmarketingbusiness administration business public relations businessman businesspeoplesubsidiary/subsidiariesjoint venturesaffiliated businessesgeneral manager executivesCEOcommercial riskfinancial riskspolitical risksregulatory riskstax risksantitrust lawsdouble taxationcommercial creditcommercial lendingpurchased merchandise onaccountadvances on salescommercial billa qualified lenderbank loanscurrent ratiocash assetsoutstanding indebtednesscollateralcredit historyfinancial profilethe commodity economyindustry capitalbusiness enterprisespersonal creditcreditorsliensinternational businessmanagementcreative consciousnessthe capacity of working onone’s ownglobal economic integrationinternationalizationWTOUruguay RoundGATTNegotiation forumDoha Development Agendatrade rulesside-effectswell-beingtrade disputesagriculturetextiles and clothingtelecommunicationsgovernment purchasesgovernment procurementindustrial standardsproduct safetyfood sanitation regulationsintellectual propertytrade without discriminationGATSTRIPs Agreementmost-favored-nation(MFN)customs duty ratecustoms dutiestariffsnational treatmenttransparencyTrade Policy ReviewMechanismannexpredictable and growingaccess to marketsfree-tradeimport bansquotaspredictabilitythe bound ratestransition economiesfair competitiondumpingsubsidieseconomic reformthe least-developed countriesUnit Twointernational tradeworld tradeoverseas tradeindustrializationadvanced transportationglobalizationtransnational corporationstrade restrictionsgovernmental quotasexport tariffs1trade barriersraw materialscapital-intensive products land-intensive productslabor-intensive commodities heavy construction equipment industrial machinery consumer goodslabor costsproduction facilitiesfarming technologymass productioneconomic benefitsdomestic marketnatural resources technology resources human resourcescost of productionpolitical strengthtastespreferencesconsumption patternsre-export/re-import favorable trade balance active trade balanceexport surplustrade surplusunfavorable trade balance adverse trade balanceimport surplustrade deficitexport trade, import trade and transit tradedirect trade, indirect trade and entrepot tradetangible trade and intangible tradebarter trade and free-liquidation tradedirect transit trade and indirect transit tradethe bonded warehousethe domestic transportation linewarehouse charges transshipment processorIncotermsCISGUCP600bargainingan intervening mediumcash tradeterms and conditionsbusiness correspondenceletters, telexes, cables, faxes,e-mails, etc.inquiry/enquiry, offer,counter-offer, acceptance andconclusion of a contractdocumentary creditshipment documentssettlementanalytical studycredit standingcapacityspecificationstrade termsFOB, FCA, FAS, CFR, CPT,CIF, CIP, EXW, DAF, DDU,DDP, DES, DEQ,L/Cshipping spacecharter a shipimport entryimport inspectionsmarket research, creditinquiry, making contactscontractual termsMOFTECChinese Embassyforeign trade corporationschambers of commerceinquiry agenciesbusiness connectionsinquirera bank referencetrader, dealertrade shows, direct sales,direct mail, manufacturer’srepresentatives, wholesalersand distributorsthe consulate officeICCannual sales volumebusiness culturebusiness negotiationbusiness talksinternational fairsthe China ExportCommodities Fairthe export sales contractforce majeuretile documentsthe total volume of tradepractitionersan essential conditionthe mandatory supervisionthe prerequisitecustoms formalitiesa certificate of qualitytraditions and practicesUNCTADairfreight, sea freightopen accountaccuracy, completeness,conciseness and promptnessgovernment controldocumentscommercial documentstransportation documentsinsurance documentsfinancial documentsgeneral useimport licenseforeign exchange licenseexport licensecertificate of origininspection certificateconsular invoicecustoms invoicethe licensing authoritiescentral bankscustoms clearanceeconomic sanctionsa notary publicthe country of destintionpreferred import status2the place of manufacturethe Import and Export Commodity Inspection BureauChina Council for Promotion of International Tradethe Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)EUpreferential import duties Certificate of Origin of Textile ProductsExport Licenses of Textile ProductsShipment Certificate of Textile ProductssurveyorInspection Certificate of QualityInspection Certificate of WeightInspection Certificate of QuantityInspection Certificate of Health and Veterinary Inspection Certificate Inspection Certificate of QuarantineAQSIQthe importing countrythe exporting countrypro forma invoice commercial invoicequality certificateweight certificate preliminary invoicea quotationan irrevocable letter of credit consular documents Buyer’s referenceOrder number/indent number Invoice number and date Export or import license numberMethod of dispatch Shipment terms Names and addresses of theseller and the buyerCountry from which theshipment is madeDescription of the goodsRebate or similar incentivesSignature of the exporterapplication form forinternational money transferdrafts (bills of exchange)banker’s draftcommercial draftsight drafttime draft (usance draft)application for documentaryletter of credit and letter ofcreditcash in advanceremitterdrawer/draweepayor, payer/payeethe payment instrument30 days sight50 days after sight90 days after the date of thisdraft30 days after the bill of ladingMethod of adviceDate of expirybeneficiaryadvising/paying/confirmingbankpartial shipmentsport of shipmentairport/port of dischargeairport/port of loadinga payment undertakingshipping notepacking listbill of ladingrail/road consignment noteair waybill (AWB)parcel post receiptcombined transportdocumentsarrival notificationon board his vessela delivery or receipt notea Mate’s Receiptthe on-board bill of ladinga supplimentary documentinsurance claimsclaim settlementsconsignor/consigneeplace of deliveryshipping markscontainer numbercarriershipperbulk cargocubic measurementgross weightthe notified partyrail transportthe departure/destinationstationtransferable or negotiablean instruciton sheeta straight or non-negotiablebill of ladingright of disposalthe shipping brokerthe insurer (insurancecompany), underwriterthe insuredan indispensable adjunctinsurance policyinsurance certificateopen policyinsurance coveragePICCmutual consentlegal avoidancebreach of contractcargo readinesscustomary packagesseaworthy shipment packingCISGsole ownershipindustrial property rightL/Cfund shortage3market fluctuationpayment routelate shipmentthe amendment notification the shipping orderdelivery documentsworking fundsshipping operationtaking deliveryinspection reportUnit Threebusiness negotiationsocial interaction consultationbargainingmediationarbitrationlitigationwin-win principle/integrative bargaining/interest-based bargainingequality principlesincere cooperationkeep it flexible and fluid positional bargainingmutual success convergence of interests equality and mutual benefit law statusnegotiation strategies and tacticsthe negative effects preparation for negotiation the negotiating team gathering of informationthe negotiation briefan essential preconditionthe factual requirementinner depletionextra expensework-loadproduction organizaiton investment distributiona development project an engineering projectthe chief negotiatortechnologistfinancial expertlegal specialistbackup onespublic relationscontingency abilitiescapital guaranteethe power of the collectivethe optimal effectexplicit responsibilitiesthe cooperation of negotiatorsa clear job-divisionthe cooperation betweenon-stage people and out-stageonesrepresentatives and deputiesfavorable moral charactersnecessary psychologicalmakingsnecessary professionalknowledgefavorable language skillsfavorable polical makingsthe physical factors (thetempo, intensity, flexibility,stability and so on )sanguine peoplebilious peoplephlegmatical peopledepressed peoplethe factual needsgeneralistscommercial warsbilateral and multilateralcommunicationidentifying issuesissues and objectivesa competitive negotiationa noncompetitive negotiationa responsible sourcea contract priceinfrastructurelogistics systemsub-contractorsbusiness scopeannual sales volumespaybacka feasibility studypolitical and socialbackgroundsocial and economic analysisdetailed analysislocation and sitemain costsmanpowerschedul implementationfinancial and economicevaluaitonalternative approachesthe basic components andimplicationsplant capacitymarket demandoverhead costsadministrative overheadsa timeframefixed investmentsnet working capital estimatesnegotiating brief andnegotiating planmemoranduman invitation to offeran invitation to make a bidpromotional communicationsales literatureofferor/offereeselling offer/buying offeroffer with engagementoffer without engagementfirm offerirrevocable offercommon practicea usual practicequotation sheetsfinal confirmationa contractual relationshippurchase contractagency arrangementexclusive sales agreementabsence of feedback4satisfactionself-reinforcementtwo human biasesthe confirmation bias egocentrismmediocrityself-esteemseparate people from the problemfocus on interests not positionsbe well preparedbe patience and integrity legitimate concerns personal attacksblue-eyed weakness offensive and defensivea defensive-offensive stance a neutral stanceoutright acceptanceoutright rejectionqualified rejectiona nimble attackthe barrier of language cooperative language style competitive language stylea longstanding relationship one-off contractsan all-purpose excuse deceptive strategiesjargonacronymscontractionstechnical termslanguage principles courtesy, conciseness, clarity, correctness, constructiveness and concessiontrade-offdeadlockmulti-nationsmulti-nationalitiescultural analysissub-cultural dynamics intercultural communication breakdown intergroupencode and decodecultural literacycultural implicationsgeneral guidelinesverbal/nonverbalfacial expressonseye contactgesturesbody movementsposturephysical appearancespacebody languageorientationmonochronic and polychronicdominant culture settingssocioeconomic classcultural conflictsbusiness normsa sophisticated protocolguest-host relationshipunwritten rulesa fallback positionlinear communicationUnit FourInternational trade termsa price/export quotationsincidental chargesa foreign trade merchantIncoterms2000the price of commoditythe unit pricea name of currency, a unitprice, a measuring unit, atrade term, and a name ofdestination or shipping placemiscellaneous expensesinternational rules andpractices on trade termsWarsaw-Oxford Rules 1932Revised American ForeignTrade Definition 1941The American Chamber ofCommercethe National ImportersAssociationthe American Foreign TradeAssociationthe US Export Quotations andAbbreviations in 1919EX-point of originEx Factory, Ex Mill, Ex Minenamed inland carriernamed inland of departurenamed point of destinationnamed place of destinationnamed port of destinationnamed port of shipmentnamed point of exportationnamed point of importationnamed point/placenamed inland point in countryof importationFreight Prepaid ToFreight Allowed ToC&F, EX-DOCKthe ship’s railthe risk of loss or of damagesales contractthe mode of transportmulti-modal transportsea or inland waterwaytransport/transportationmarine insuranceobtain insurance only onminimum coverthe buyer’s/seller’sobligationsthe export/import permit andexport/import traxthe loading/unloading costthe insurance premiumthe sea freightthe seller’s/buyer’s premisescustomary packing/mannera contract of carriageMT(metric ton)subsequent carriersthe first carrier5at the disposal of the buyer basic/special packingthe loading berthib/IBa land frontierwarehouseterminaltransport stationcommon misconceptions property rightsvariants of Incotermsunder tackleliner termsFOB trimmed/towedentry feeUnit Fivepricingpricing principlesprice and unit pricethe accompanying services the pulse of the marketsthe price of commodity, the unit price: a nature of currency, a unit price, a measuring unit, a trade term and a name of destination or shipping placecost structurecosts of production, selling and delivery costs, and customs dutiesancillary costthe factory pricefixed costsvariable costs commissionssales trip expensespricing methodslong-term objectiveshort-term objective profitabilitymarket shareannual budgetssales volume cost-based pricingbreak-even pricingmarginal cost pricingmargin of profit, profit margintarget costingthe break-even point (BEP)FC, P, VCtotal fixed pricemortgage interest/paymentsreal estate taxesmarginal costthe direct coststhe variable overheadsmoney of accountmoney of paymenthard currencysoft currencyvehicle currencyforeign exchange ratesforeign exchange riskfloating exchange ratesexposurehedgeforward marketforward ratespot marketbrokerage housesforward contractintermediary servicequantity discountcash discountspecial discountnet pricepricing strategiesthe marketing mixfollowing-the-leader pricingpenetration pricingcost-oriented pricingdemand-oriented pricingretail pricingthe break-even pointmarketerscomponent partsutilitiessuppliersoperating expensesadvertising campaignsmanufacturersfranchise marketersthe U.S Small BusinessAdministration (SBA)government regulationsload weightsspeed limitsa unit price: currency unit,unit price figure,measurement unit anddelivery termsinitial priceUnit Sixinternational transportationocean transportrail transportationair transportationcontainer transportinternational multi-modaltransportationsea portscarrying capacityliner transportcharter transport / tramptransportthe four fixed: fixed sailingdate, fixed route and fixedports to call at, and relativelyfixed freight rateconsignor/consigneethe intermediate portsfreight: basic freight +surchargesthe basic freight ratethe tariff of freight rateW, M, W/M, Ad Val., W/M orAd Val.per metric tonweight tonper cubic metermeasurement tonfreight toncharge surcharges6transshipment surchargesfuel surchargesoverweight and overlength surchargesa charter party: the charterer and the ship ownerbulk cargocrude oilraw timbertime chartervoyage charterthe loading/unloading rate demurragedispatch moneyliner term, free out (FO), free in (FI), free in and out (FIO) scheduled airliners chartered planes consolidated consignments by freight forwardersFull Container Load (FCL) Less than Container Load (LCL)a door to door servicedesk-to-desk serviceport to port shipmentthe Container Freight Sation (CFS)the point of originthe place of destinationa multi-modal transport operatorthe general carrier conveyancesub-carriersmarine bills of lading seaway billsairway bills (AWB) or air consignment notes combined transport documentsinland transport way bills(road waybill or CMR consignment note and railway bill or cargo receipt)courier receipt or post parcel receiptsshippingthe bill of lading (B/L)a traded objecta contract of carriagea receipt of goodsa title documentin apparent good orderparties of a bill of lading: thecarrier and the shipper/theconsignor, the consignee, thenotify party and the transferee/the endorsee /holderdifferent ordersdemonstrative orderrestrictive orderbearer order“to order” and “to the order ofthe shipper”“to the order of the issuingbank”“to the order of the importer”“to bearer”under collectionnon-paymentnon-commercial transactionsbe left blank“to the named consignee(importer)”blank endorsementspecial endorsementthe shipping company (thecarrier)the charting vesselthe voyae numberthe port of receipt/the port ofloading/the port of shipmentthe port of destination/the portof discharge/the port ofdeliverythe premises of theimporter/exportermarks and numbersboxes/cartons/casesbe prepaid or collectedfreight prepaid/freight collectoriginal B/L, copiestypes of bill of ladingon board B/L (or shipped B/L)and a received for shipmentB/Lin one’s custodyclean (or unclaused) B/L andunclean (or foul) B/Lnegotiable B/L (order B/L andbearer B/L or open B/L) andstraight B/L (ornon-negotiable B/L or anamed consignee B/L)direct B/L and transshipmentB/Llong form B/L and short formB/Lliner B/L and chartered B/Lon deck B/Lstale B/Lante-dated B/L & advancedB/Lcontainer B/Lcontents leaking, packagingspoiled by contents,packaging broken / holed /torn / damaged, packagingcontaminated, goods damaged/ scratched, packaging badlydented, packaging damagedand contents exposed,insufficient packing, casesshort shipped, goodsunprotected / unboxed /partial protected, etc.Combined TransportDocument (CTD)Combined Transport Operator(CTO)the estimated date ofdeparture (ETD)the estimated time of arrival(ETA)forwarderNVD: no value declaredThe flight date7CMR, CIMadditional protocolEMS, DHL, UPS, FedExthe post officea courieran expedited delivery service expedite (a.) servicesperils and lossesperils of the sea, maritime losses , maritime expenses lightergeneral perils of the sea and extraneous risksnatural calamities (vile weather, thunder, lightning, tsunami, earthquake, flood, etc.)fortuitous accidentsgeneral extraneous risks and special extraneous risks theft, pilferage, contamination, leakage, breakage, sweating and/or heating, taint of odor, rusting, hook damage, fresh and/or rain water damage, short-delivery and non-delivery, shortage in weight, clashing, etc. political or military affairs or administrative ruleswar, strike, heightened duty, rejection, etc.total loss and partial loss actual total loss and constructive total loss general average (G. A.) and partial average (P. A. )sue and labor expenses salvage chargesmarine insurance clausesthe acope of cover, exclusions, commencement and termination of cover, duty of the insured, time of validity of a claim, etc.basic insurance and additional insurancebasic marine insurancecoverage: FPA (Free FromParticular Average), WPA andAll risksadditional risksgeneral risks and special risksCIC (China InsuranceClauses)warehouse to warehouseclause11 general additional risks:theft, pilferage andnon-delivery risk (TPND),fresh water and/or raindamage risk (FWRD), clashand breakage risks, leakagerisk, shortage risk,intermixture andcontamination risks, taint ofodor risk, sweat an heatingrisks, rust risk, breakage ofpacking risk, hook damagerisk8 special additional risks: warrisk, strike risk, failure todelivery risk, import duty risk,on deck risk, rejection risk,aflatoxin risk, fire riskextersion clause for storage ofcargo at destination in HongKong, including Kowloon, orMacao (FREC)import and export cargoinsurance practicesinsurance amount andpremiumclaim for lossesadvice of lossesshipping clause(transportation clause )time of shipmenttime of deliverythe port/place of shipment anddestinationpartial shipment / shipment byinstallmentstime policy, voyage policyand mixed policyinsurance policy, insurancecertificate, combinedcertificate and open policyunvalued policy and valuedpolicy8。
国际商务英语
国际商务英语（5844）名词解释The theory of absolute advantage 绝对利益学说Free trade area 自由贸易区Creditor country 债权Quotation 报价单A counter-offer 还盘Consignment 寄售Bill of lading 提单invoice 发票Beneficiary 受益人Foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备foreign exchange control 外汇管制Agency agreement 代理合同/协议Business correspondence 商业信函Customs duties 关税Absolute quota 绝对配额承兑Gain progit 获利Futures trade 世界贸易化Knowledge industry 知识产业People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行Hague Rules 海牙规则Business reputation 商业信誉intellectual property 知识产权Packed of deal 一揽子交易CFR cost and freightCIF cost,insurance and freightexpertise 专家意见 expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field; know-howGDP 国内生产总值 Gross Domestic ProductAssess 评定估定 to judge an amount or valueTap 轻打开发分接 to take what is needed from,to exploitTrade liberalization 贸易自由化 of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports Tariff 关税 tax levied by the customsRevenue 收入 the total annual income of a stateInput 投入something that is put in businss operationSpecialization 专业化 to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fieldsMFN 最惠国 means most-favoured-nation which is a tariff treament.It is bilaterally given and provides for the lowest tariff in the tariffcode.Bisible trade it involves the import and export of goods.Immigrant remittance 移民汇款 it refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.Tariff 关税 duties imposed on goods imported and exportedMaritme 近似的 xonnected with the sea or navigationClassification 分类 the arrangement of things by groupsContract 合同 is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.Oral business negotiations 口头商业谈判 oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions conducted at trade fairs or by sending trade groups abroad or by inviting foreign customers.Force majeure 不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party Firm offer 实盘 an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer.Inflation 通货膨胀 rise in prices bruoght about by the excess demand, expansion of monye supply, credit etc. Fluctuation 波动 irregular movement of (prices,exchange rates etc.)Drawee 付款人 the person to whom a draft is drawn.Confirming bank 保兑银行 the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C.Bill of exchange 汇票 written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment.The invoice 商业发票 it is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.Transportation 运输 is defined as the movement of freght and passengers from one location to another. Distribution 分配，发行 combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit. Insurance 保险 is a social device in which a group of individuals transfei risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.F.P.A.(free from particular average) 平安险 is a very limited cover confining the insurer’s liability,stectly speaking, to only total loss of the insured cargo,and partial loss of or damage to the cargo is answerable only where the carrying vessel is grounded,sunk or burnt.Regional economic integration is the loosest form of regard economic intergration in which members remove barrier to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regardsto trade with outsiders.翻译：1) International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
自考国际商务英语课文必考词汇短语完整版
自考国际商务英语课文必考词汇短语HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】Transaction 交易 customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从 conversion 货币兑换 visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易 for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部 trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资 stocks 股票 bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营 trademark 商标advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费； copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人 franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人 logo 标志；标记 management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识 bonus 红利；津贴；奖金 flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链 contract manufacturing 承包工程turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力 national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的GNP 国民生产总值 per capita income 人均收入 PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义 income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地 spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍 fall under分成几部分 freetrade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA北美自由贸易协定 customsunion 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元 erode 侵蚀autonomy自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set thestage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental重要的，有纪念意义的 landmark 地标；里程碑 signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构 European Commission欧盟委员会 veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员 council of ministers部长理事会 empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化 tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟 OPEC 石油输出国组织globalization 全球化 frequency 频繁，频率 interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素 value价值观 acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的 controversial引起争议的 instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具 label把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets资产 incorporate 吸收；合并purpot 声称；自称 headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存 embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉 technicalimprovements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield操控；控制 jurisdiction 权利；管理范围 vehicle 工具；手段delegatepower to…对、、、授权 affiliate 分支机构；附属机构 mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义 services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的 scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面illustrate 说明 table 表格，图表assume 假设 efficient 有效的，效率高的 occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则even if 即使 disadvantage 不利with respect to 关 exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予 up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益strategic 战略的 reduce 减少 bulky笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主义的 barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税 quota配额levy 征收，收取 coincide 巧合；偶合 customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税 exportduties 出口关税 ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的 compound duties 复税，混合关税 drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还 most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国concession让步tariffschedule 税率表；税则non-tariffbarrier 非关税壁垒 impose 加强unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号 voluntary 自动的，主动的 forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具 inland water vessels 内河船只 maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓 charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的 collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃 explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹accommodations 膳宿供应 immigrant移民remittance 汇款 undertake 承担climate 环境气氛；风气 degenerate 变坏；衰退 deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就 respective 各自的；分别的 subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明 trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件 trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要 amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分 revise 修正；修改 unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的consolidate 统一，合并 render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的，必不可少的 whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头 substantive 实质性的set forth 陈述；阐明 binding 有约束力的 enforceable可实施的sue起诉 trade fairs 商品交易会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价quotation 报价 voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期 offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的 invalid 无效的 sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase） confirmation 售货（购货）确认书 setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售contracting parties 缔约方 force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布 cottonyarns 棉纱hereby 于此 hereunder 于下article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面 bleached 漂白的countertrade 对销贸易；反对贸易 allegedly被说成；据说 phenomenon 现象terminology 术语 generic 总称的net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证empirical 以经验为根据的 reciprocal互惠的；互相hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时发生的 a fractionof一点儿；一部分verify 一部分 sophisticated 经验丰富的 bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏perpetuate 使永久存在 processingtrade 加工贸易consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的 status 状况remittance 汇款debtor 债务人debit 借方；记入借方的款 financial standing财务状况default 违约；不履行职责ban禁止fluctuation波动hesitant 犹豫，不情愿dubious 可疑 integrity 正直；诚实periodic payment 分期付款 cashin advance 预付现金 draft 汇票（billof exchange）drawer 出票人drawee 受票人 payee受款人usance draft（tenor draft，termdraft）远期汇票 documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票bill of lading 提单 title tothe goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单documentary collection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单 documents against acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好 withdiscretion 慎重地；审慎地release 放开 gain controlover 得到对…的控制 objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的 bilateral双边的 credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的 security安全，保障 presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担applicant 开证申请人opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人 correspondentbank 往来行；关系行 advising bank通知行amendment 修改discrepancy 不符confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款 nominate 指定insufficient 不足的 submit提交stipulation 规定 expire满期；到期 unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转船 seal 印章underlying作为基础的obligation 责任，义务ultimately 最终category 种类 fallunder 归为…类 mechanism机制clean credit 光票信用证 non-tradesettlement非贸易结算 revocablecredit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证certainty 确定程度，肯定程度 alter改变commitment 承担的责任 cancel 取消，作废 consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销 consent 同意 extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明confirmed credit 保兑信用证leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障 involve 牵涉；涉及 sight credit 即期信用证usance credit 远期信用证impeccable 正确无误的 capital turnover 资金周转maturity 到期 discount 贴现 face value 面值transferable credit 可转让信用证 non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证middleman 中间人non-draft credit 无汇票信用证deferred payment 推迟付款revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复 reinstate 使复原 contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受 insolvent 无支付能力的 bankrupt 破产的documents 单据 take delivery of 提（货） delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符conformity 一致，相符description 描述commission 佣金 discount 折扣 shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章 signature 签字 comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达 exceed 超过 memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单carrier 承运人 shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输consignee 收货人 notifyparty 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的 devoid of没有，缺少 liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单 cargoreceipt 铁路运单，货运收据 insurancepolicy 保险单function 功能；作用 theinsured 被保险人 currency 货币settle 清算；结算fundamental 极其重要的efficiency 效率 primitive原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲grocery 食品；杂货 distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域 urgency 紧迫；急迫 perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。
国际英语词汇大全解读国际的专业术语
国际英语词汇大全解读国际的专业术语国际交流日益频繁，英语作为一种通用语言在国际间的应用越来越广泛。
为了更好地理解国际交流中的专业术语，我们需要熟悉国际英语词汇的相关知识。
本文将通过解读国际的专业术语，帮助读者更好地理解国际交流中的词汇。
一、国际商务术语1. Import/Export（进出口）- 表示从一个国家或地区引进产品或商品，或者将产品或商品出口到其他国家或地区。
2. Freight（货运）- 指商品或货物的运输费用。
3. Customs（海关）- 负责监管进出口货物的机构，负责收取关税并检查货物是否符合法律法规。
4. Letter of Credit（信用证）- 一种支付机制，由买方银行开出，确保卖方能够收到款项。
5. Trade balance（贸易平衡）- 指一个国家或地区的进出口商品值之间的差额。
二、国际金融术语1. Exchange Rate（汇率）- 两种不同货币之间的比价。
2. Stock Market（股票市场）- 交易买卖股票的市场。
3. Foreign Direct Investment（外国直接投资）- 指一个国家或个人投资于另一个国家的实体或设施。
4. Dividend（股息）- 公司分配给股东的盈利部分。
5. Currency（货币）- 一种通用的支付和交换手段。
三、国际政治术语1. United Nations（联合国）- 国际组织，由193个国家组成，致力于维护国际和平与安全。
2. Diplomacy（外交）- 国家间通过交际手段解决问题的方式。
3. Human Rights（人权）- 指与每个人通过生活所应享有的基本权利。
4. United Nations Security Council（联合国安全理事会）- 负责维护国际和平与安全的联合国机构。
5. Treaty（条约）- 国家之间达成的正式协议。
四、国际贸易术语1. Free Trade（自由贸易）- 指国家之间不设限制的贸易形式。
国际商务英语
国际商务英语贸易术语：1.EXW （Ex Work）工厂交货2.FCA （Free Carrier）货交承运人3.FAS （Free Alongside Ship）船边交货4.FOB （Free On Board）船上交货5.CFR （Cost and Freight）成本加运费6.CIF （Cost Insurance and Freight）成本、保险和运费7.CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至8.CIP（Carriage Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至9.DAF（Delivered At Frontier）边境交货10.DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货11.DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货12.DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货13.DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货mercial Councilor’s Office 商务参赞处15.consignor 委托人、发货人、寄售人16.consignee 受托人、收货人、承售人17.firm 商号、商店、公司18.corporation 公司商会19.private-owned corporation 私有公司20.nonprofit corporation 非营利公司21.public corporation（state-operated corporation）国有公司22.limited liability company （股份）有限公司23.agent 代理人agency 代理代理权sole distributor 独家经销代理sole distributorship 独家经销代理权distributor 经销人distributorship 经销权24.duplicate 副本25.in duplicate 一式两份26.in triplicate 一式三份27.stipulation 规定28.rule 法则w 法律30.term 条款31.cash on delivery 货到付款（缩写C.O.D）32.m/t 公吨33.The sight L/C 即期信用证34.The usance L/C 远期信用证35.The revocable L/C 可撤销信用证36.The irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证37.partical shipment（s）分批装运38.Transshipment 转船39.Liner 定期班轮40.Tramp 不定期货轮41.Fragile 易碎42.Easy to Be Damaged 易损43.Easy to Be Deteriorated 易变质44.Inflammable易燃、Explosive 易爆、Poisonous有毒45.。
国际商务英语词汇
economic fluctuation 经济波动 sinking fund 偿债基金
economic depression 经济衰退 investment 投资,资产
convertibility 可兑换性 assigned 过户 erasing head 抹音磁头
convertible currencies 可兑换货币 opening price 开盘 turntable 唱机转盘
exchange rate 汇率,兑换率 closing price 收盘 tone control 音调控制
rate of growth 增长 traveller's cheque 旅行支票
economic trend 经济趋势 chequebook 支票簿,支票本 （美作:checkbook）
economic situation 经济形势 endorsement 背书
cash dividend 现金配股 annuity 年金 to teach （老师）上课
stock investment 贡投资 maturity 到期日,偿还日 to study 学习
investment trust 投资信托 amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付 to learn by heart 记住,掌握
underdevelope展中的 banknote, note 钞票,纸币 （美作:bill）
domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币 to pay （in） cash 付现金 playback head 放音磁头
国际商务英语-名词解释
Lesson 1Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, isallowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing , contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion .International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. Fora BOT project , a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company .Lesson 2GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.capability at/in cost for/of at reasonable costs levied on take into account without reference to (不针对) make efforts to engage inLesson 3Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policyCustoms union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policyCommon market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.Lesson 4Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部is the original investing multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .MNC跨国公司=TNC: Multinational corporation, are made up of vast numbers of foreign subsidiaries, companies in which over 50 percent is owned by the parent company.MNE跨国企业:Multinational enterprise: A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated separately in each of these countries. Each member company is known as a multinational corporation.Home county母国: The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.Host country东道国: The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.Lesson 5Absolute advantage绝对利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)Comparative advantage比较利益: Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.Primary commodities：those commodities not processed，or only slightly processed，usually farm produce or raw materials.Specialization专业化: To restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields.Lesson 6Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an areaExport duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods leaving an areaTariff关税: A tax levied on a commodity when it crossesthe boundary of a custom area.Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.Drawback退税: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating countryContract proper：the main body of a contractLesson 7Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则: It is a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.Trade terms are terms used in international trade to describe the general information about the trade, such as the unit price port of shipment, port of destination and the kind of currency.Protectionism is a trade barrier to international trade for the purpose of protecting a nation’s own domestic marketand industries. It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.A multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns, controls and manages assets, in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated.Multi-model transportation:Lesson 8Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will cost Counter offer还盘:New offer made by the original offeree to the original offererOfferee收盘人：A first enquiry首次询价: An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has never dealt withA contract一个合同: An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant partiesA firm offer 一个实盘: Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.Force majeure不可抗力: is a default of the contract which is given rise to not because of the contracting parties’ default, but of the uncontrollable causes. Onetype of the cause is the natural force and the other is social cause. Or social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting partyLesson 9Hyperinflation极度通货膨胀is a kind of inflation in which the market prices are soaring quickly. The devaluation rate of the currency is astronomical. The normal economic activities are out of the order, and finally lead to the collapse of the whole monetary system.inflation :Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etcDevaluation贬值Barter易货贸易:The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.Lesson 10Remittance 汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each otherDocumentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.Documentary collection跟单托收:It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving the payment.Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Usance draft远期汇票Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.Clean draft光票: The draft without documentsLesson 11Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer) applicant of an L/C :The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/COpening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the credit.Opening bank:the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is openedCorrespondent band往来行、关系行:The bank in the exp orter’s country, which the opening bank sends the credit to itAdvising bank通知行: The bank in the exporter’s country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.Negotiating bank议付行: The ba nk buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit.Recipient: A person or an organization etc. that receives somethingWorld company: A multinational company whose nationalidentity has been blurredMiddleman trader: Person through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumerLesson 12Clean credit光票信用证: credit only require clean draft, which isn’t accompanied with shipping documents.The documentary credit跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credit that can not be amended or revoked without the consent of al the parties concerned.Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bankUnconfirmed credit不保兑信用：The credit isn’t confirmed by another bankSight credit即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draftUsance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.Transferable credit可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.Non-transferable credit不可转让信用证:The credit can not be transferred.Non-draft credit无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.Lesson 13Commercial invoice商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. The contents: Invoice number and the date; name and address of the buyer and the seller; contract number and credit number; description of the goods including name of the commodity, quantity, specifications, etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and commission and discount if any; terms of delivery and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks, etc.; and seal or signature of the exporter.Legal holder合法持有人is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by lawPacking list装箱单: The documents gives informationsuch as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.Straight bill of lading记名提单: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.Lesson 14Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.Contract carrier契约承运人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).Transportation and freight transportation运输和货物运输:In broad sense, transportation is defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.Lesson 15Insured被保险人，保户: The person who transfer risk.Insurer承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).premium：the amount paid by all insured for coverage under the contractKnown premium已知的保险费is the cost the insured should have to pay the insurance company for the insured goods Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.Marine insurance海上保险: The insurance of ships and their cargoes.Insurance保险: It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.Lesson 16Indemnity赔偿原则: A contract of insurance restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he war in before the loss occurred.Subrogate: subrogation is of enormous importance in cargo insurance, the word “Subrogate” means “to take the place of another”.Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one mayinsure anything unless he has and interest in it. (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation, but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect.)Principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原则：The people who decide what premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form.Contribution分摊原则: It holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice for the same risk, and claim compensation from both insurers. If two policies do cover the same event, the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss, and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position.Proximate cause of the loss近因原则: It means that when an insurance policy is made out to cover a certain risk, a claim becomes payable only if that risk occurred as the proximate (closest) cause of the loss suffered. The proximate cause is the direct cause of the loss.Shortfall means the shortage of amount or values of certain goods.Lesson 17Exchange rate汇率、兑换率: It refers to the price at which one currency can be exchange for another currency.Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: A directexchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency. 1美元=6.8元外币为基准Indirect quote / quotation（汇率）间接标价:An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.Buying rate买入价: It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency.Selling rate卖出价: It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.Medial rate中间价 It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate.SDR特别提款权: Special Drawing Right. It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the IMF.Lesson 19Greenfield strategy绿地战略:Building new enterprises on land bought or leased in a foreign countryAcquisition并购: Purchasing existing facilities is known as acquisition. It does not have to start from scratch and face the difficulties in the greenfield strategy. But it has to take responsibilities for all the liabilities of the purchased firm, and deal with existing problems in management, labor relations, environmental protection obligations etc.Joint venture: A joint venture is an independent business entity founded and owned by two or more partners called parents. The proportions of ownership between the partners may be equal or unequal depending on their respective investments that are mostly in the form of capital but may also be in land, equipment, or intellectual property.Lesson 21Most-favored nation treatment最惠国:A treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country.GSP普惠制Generalized System of Preferences:Under the system, developed countries grant developing countries favorable lower tariffs without granting them to developed members. And the developing countries do not have to reciprocate such favorable treatment to the developed countries. So the GSP is an important exception to the non-discrimination principle of MFN.Anti-dumping反倾销: to restrict the export expansion of other countries。
国际商务英语名词解释
Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256.One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty Franchising特许经营: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.Management contract管理合同:Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all thedesigning, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy.Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy./除Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.Host country东道国: The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.…东道国：The country where an affiliate MNC locates.MNE跨国企业: Multinational enterprise: A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns (whether wholly or精品文库partly), controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated separately in each of these countries. Each member company is known as a multinational corporation.International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.Tariff关税: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an areaExport duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods le Drawback退税: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.aving an area 对离境Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all siTariff barriers 关税壁垒: The traditional protectionism measuregnatories any tariff concessions granted to any Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will costCounter offer还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offererparticipating country./A first enquiry首次询价: An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has never dealt withA contract一个合同: An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant partiesA firm offer实盘: is a promise to sell goods at a staBarter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.ted price.Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving the payment.Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Usance draft远期汇票=Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.Clean draft光票: The draft without documentsDocumentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.Remittance 汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each otherApplicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the creditBeneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is openedCorrespondent ban d往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporter’s country, which the opening bank sends the credit to itAdvising bank通知行: The bank in the exporter’s country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is精品文库received.Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.Negotiating bank议付行: The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit.Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank Sight credit即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank.Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of afte Transferable credit可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.Non-transferable credit不可转让Non-draft credit无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation（提示/陈述）of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated（规定/保证）that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.The documentary credit跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.信用证: The credit can not be transferredr sight Commercial invoice商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. The contents: Invoice number and the date; name and address of the buyer and the seller; contract number and credit number; description of the goods including name of the commodity, quantity, specifications, etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and commission and discount if any; terms of delivery and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks, etc.; and seal or signature of the exporter.Packing list装箱单: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.Straight bill of lading记名提单: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.Contract carrier契约承运人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company). Transportation and freight transportation运输和货物运输: In broad sense, transportation is defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.Marine insurance海上保险: The insurance of ships and their cargoes.Insurance保险: It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.Indemnity赔偿原则: It holds that a contract of精品文库insurance is one, which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred.Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it.Principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原则：The people who decide what premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form.Contribution分摊原则: It holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice for the same risk, and claim compensation from both insurers.Proximate cause of the loss近因原则（导致损失的直接原因）: It means that when an insurance policy is made out to cover a certain risk, a claim becomes payable only if that risk occurred as the proximate (closest) cause of the loss suffered.Force majeure不可抗力: Social or Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency.Indirect quote / quotation（汇率）间接标价: An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.Buying rate买入价: It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency.Selling rate卖出价: It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.natural calamities that take place beyond Quota of IMF份额: The deposit paid by each member to the IMF.SDR特别提款权: Special Drawing Right. It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the IMF.t he control of a contraction partyGreenfield strategy绿地战略: The firm builds new facilities on land bought or leased in a foreign country before starting its new operation.Most-favored nation treatment最惠国: A treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country.GSP普惠制Generalized System of Preferences: Under the system, developed countries grant developing countries favorable lower tariffs without granting them to developed members. And the developing countries do not have to reciprocate such favorable treatment to the developed countries. So the GSP is an important exception to the non-discrimination principle of MFN.。
国际商务英语(含口语)
dismal/cloudy/cold/damp/wet/stormy/windy
dismal weather阴沉的天气 cloudy day cloudy sky多云的天空 cold wind It’s a cold day for July, isn’t it?在七月份里这天真 够冷的，是吗？ damp cold and damp wet wet weather stormy stormy weather stormy day windy windy weatehr
Please let me introduce myself. I’m… May I introduce myself? I’m… Allow me to introduce myself. I’m…
听完别人自我 介绍以后，可 以说：
self introduction
I’ve heard so much about you. I’ve often heard about you.
Did you have a good trip? a pleasant journey? a nice voyage? Have you had a nice trip? How to answer?
You must be very tired after such a long flight. Is this your first visit to…? Is this your first visit /time/travel/trip to Beijing? How do you like our city? What do you think of our city? Since you have traveled many places around world, how do you like our city?
国际商务英语词汇
积极推销费
trade-in allowance
折价贴换，以旧 换新
strategic planning tactical planning contingency planning managerial objectives resources allocation revenue and expense budgets task force
jury of executive opinion
sales force surveys chain-ratio method market buildup method statistical analysis market penetration diversification
无差异营销 集中营销 差异化营销 产品属性 单位时间利润 专业化市场 需求群体 市场定位 制定营销预算 分配营销资源 销售预测 趋势分析 行政治理人员群 体意见法 销售人员调查 连比法 市场组合法 统计分析 市场渗透 多元化
实际收入 非必需品 奢侈品
undifferentiated marketing concentrated marketing differentiated marketing product attributes per-unit profit specialized markets demand clusters market positioning develop a marketing budget allocate marketing resources sales forecast trend analysis
可变成本
total revenue
总收入
loss leader pricing
亏本产品定价
国际商务英语名词解释与段落翻译
三、 区域经济一体化
Free trade area：is the loosest form of regional economic integration. Members of a free trade area removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.
Who introduced the theory of comparative advantage? Which theory makes more sense , absolute advantage or comparative advantage? Give a typical example to illustrate the comparative advantage of a particular country.
国际贸易是国家间进行的商品交换。它产生有许多的原因。首先，没有一个国家能生产它需要的全部产品。自己的国家内缺少某些资源的国家必须从那些出口该资源的国家购买。第二，一个国家往往没有足够多的某项产品来满足其所需，而必须进口一些来满足需要。第三，一个国家能够比别的国家以较低成本销售某些产品，而且还从对有关产品具有比较优势的国家购买所需产品。最后，即使一个国家可以以合理的成本生产足够的产品满足本国的需要，它仍可能为了革新或调剂品种而从别的国家进口一些。
六、 国际贸易2-
Moat-favoured-nation treatment: it refers to a tariff treatment under which a country id requited to extend to all signatories any tariff concession granted to any participating country. However, the MFN treatment is not really special but is just normal trading status. It gives a country the lowest tariffs only within the tariff schedule, but it is still possible to have lower tariffs.
《国际商务英语》重点复习资料
祝您学业、事业成功！《国际商务英语》复习资料Lesson 1♦In compliance with: in conformity to♦For short: in abbreviation♦Portfolio (n.): securities♦Franchise (vt.): authorize the privilege to sb.♦Lease (vt. / n.): rent ~ sth. to sb.house ~, long-term ~♦Royalty (n.): a share in the profit made from intellectual property♦Advisable (adj.): proper, good, wise-- It’s not ~ to make him angry.♦Access to sth.: the right to use sth.have / gain ~ to sth.-- Only staffs have access to the backstage.♦Participate (vi.): attend, take part in~ in some activity♦Flat (adj.): fixed~ rate♦Bonus (n.): additional payment 补助，津贴，分红，奖金♦Expertise (n.): expert advice, profession skills♦Give rise to: cause♦Cost plus: additional fee to the cost♦Variant (n. / adj.): changed factor, differentLesson 2♦Assess (vt.): estimate the value♦Clue (n.): tip to find out the solution♦dividend (n.): share, surplus, bonus♦distort (vt.): twist♦parity (n.): equation♦tap (vt.): develop♦bear sth. in mind: keep thinking of sth.♦haven (n.): safe place, harbor♦populous (adj.): having a large population♦diversify (vt.): make sth. various♦spur (vt.): stimulate♦complementary (adj.): forming as a whole♦suffice (vi.): be able-- The food can suffice till next week.♦proximity (n.): closeness~ to sth.♦observations (n.): result, opinions from observingLesson 3●Witness (vt. / n.): testify 见证，目击●Liberal + ize (vt.): make sth. free 自由化●Fall under: be classified as 归类为●Detour (n.): a temporary route instead of main route 绕路，迂回●Adoption (n.): accepting 采用，采纳●Erode (vt.): wear away 腐蚀●Autonomy (n.): self-governing 自治⏹Autonomous region●sovereign state: independent country 主权国家●political entity: 政治实体●set the stage for: provide basis for 为。
国际商务用英语怎么说
国际商务用英语怎么说国际商务学是一门研究为满足个人及组织需求而进行的跨国界交易的科学。
那么你知道国际商务用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
国际商务的英语说法1：international business国际商务的英语说法2：international commerce国际商务的相关短语：国际商务谈判 International Business Negotiate国际商务学会 Academy of International Business国际商务函电写作Correspondence Writing of Intemational Commerce国际商务处理 MBA International Business Transactions国际商务理学硕士MSc International Business ; International Business MSc国际商务研究中心 Boeing Institute of International Business 国际商务报告 International Commerce Repoa国际商务与法语 BAInternational Business with French国际商务游览 International Business Travel国际商务的英语例句：1. I'm a representative of International Business Machines Corporation.我是国际商务机械公司的代表.2. Both quantity and amount for each item less are allowed.每一项目的数量和金国际商务单证实务额均允许有10%的增减.3. International business English teaching quality hearing can not be guaranteed.国际商务英语听力教学质量无法保证.4. Tianjin Port Bonded Area - funded international businesscompany was established in 1992.天津港保税区海资国际商务公司成立于1992年.5. Many of these CEO's have significantly increased their international marketplace value.很多这么做的CEO们显著提高了他们自己在国际商务市场上的价值.6. International businesspeople should learn both the spoken and unspoken language.国际商务的从业人员既要学习有声的语言、也要学习无声的语言.7. There is a seminar on international business opportunity this evening.今晚有一个关于国际商务机会的专题讨论会.8. In its historical perspective, international business is not new.从历史的角度来看, 国际商务并非新鲜事物.9. The prospects for widening the opportunities for international commerce look grim.扩大国际商务机会的前景看起来不妙.10. Our textbook is New International Business English published by Cambridge University Press.我们的教材是采用剑桥大学出版社出版的《新国际商务英语》.11. The success of international business relationships depends on effective business negotiations.国际商务关系的成功建立取决于有效的商务谈判.12. Increased global competition caused the difficulties of international business operation.全球性竞争加剧所造成的国际商务经营的困难.13. The action of the government violated the international treaty on commercial shipping.政府的行为违反了国际商务运输条约.14. International business refers to any business activity that crosses national boundaries.国际商务指任何类型的跨国商务活动.15. Allow more companies to face international business confidence in the exchange.让更多的公司自信的面对国际商务交流.。
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Unit1customs areavisible tradeinvisible tradegross domestic product （GDP）portfolio investmentstocksbondscertificate of depositlicensingfranchisingtrademarkpatentroyaltycopyrightlicensorlicenseefranchiserfranchiseemanagement contractvalue chaincontract manufacturingturnkey projectBOT （Build Operate Transfer）intellectual propertyUnit2national incomeGNP(Gross National Product）per capita incomePPP(purchasing power parity) consumerismincome distributionOrganization of Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentinfrastructureCommonwealth of Independent States staple goodscreditor countryASEANfactors of production 关税区有形贸易无形贸易国内生产总值证券投资股票债券大额存单许可经营特许经营商标专利专利使用费，许可使用费，版税版权给予许可的人接受许可的人给予特许的人接受特许的人管理合同价值链承包生产“交钥匙”工程建设、经营、移交知识产权国民收入国民生产总值人均收入购买力平价消费，消费主义收入分布经济合作与发展组织基础设施独立国家联合体（独联体）大路货债权国东南亚国家联盟生产要素economic integrationput up barriersfree trade areatariff ratesquota restrictionsNorth American FreeTrade Agreement(NAFTA)customs unioncommon marketsovereign statepolitical entitysignatorysettlementbanknotescirculationexecutive bodyEuropean Commissioncommissionercouncil of ministersmulti-polarizationDual-Ministerial Meetingsub-committeecartedOPECin a detourterritory economics internationalizationinternational economic environment double digittechnical improvementsday-to-day runningjurisdictionaffiliateshare holdershost countriesnatural resourcesprimary commoditiesspecializationeconomies of scaleendowment of naturecapital,land and labourabsolute advantagecomparative advantagetariffs barriers 经济一体化设置障碍自由贸易区关税税率配额限制北美自由贸易协定关税同盟共同市场主权国家政治实体签字国，签字人结算纸币，钞票货币流通行政机构，执行机构欧盟委员会委员，特派员，专员部长理事会多极化双部长会议分委员会卡特尔，联盟石油输出国组织以迂回的方式区域性经济体国际化国际经济环境两位数字的技术进步日常管理权利，管理范围分支机构，附属机构股东东道国自然资源初级产品专业化规模经济自然的赋予资本、土地和劳动力绝对利益比较利益关税壁垒quotacustoms unionimport dutiesexport dutiesad valorem dutiesspecific dutiescompound dutiesdrawbackmost-favoured-nation （MFN）treatment concessiontariff schedulenon-tariff barriermeans of transportinland water vesselscargo compartmentplaces of historical interest accommodationsimmigrantremittancetrade termstrading practicesamendmentpremisesdestinationroll on-roll off trafficcustoms clearancetrade fairstrunk callenquiryquotationvalidity periodoffereecounter offersales contractsales(purchase)confirmationbusiness linecontract properconsignmentcontracting partiesforce majeurearbitrationcotton piece goodscotton yarnsarticle number 配额关税同盟进口关税出口关税从价税从量税复税，混合关税退税最惠国待遇让步税率表，税则非关税壁垒运输工具内河船只货仓古迹膳宿供应，招待设备移民汇款贸易术语；交易条件贸易惯例修正案；修正条款；修改（企业、机构等使用的）生产场所经营场址目的地，终点滚装滚卸式运输结关商品交易会长途电话询盘，询价报价有效期收盘人还盘销售合同售货（购货）确认书业务范围，经营范围合同本身，合同正文寄售缔约方不可抗力仲裁棉布棉纱货号counter tradeterminologynet positionshyperinflationEuropean Payment Unioncompetitive devaluation photocopying machineclearing systemcompensation tradeprocessing tradeleasingagencypolicy objectivesprotectionismfinancial marketcentrally planned economiesdebtordebitfinancial standingcreditworthinessperiodic paymentscash in advancedraftbill of exchangedrawerdraweepayeeusance draft(tenor draft,term draft) documentary draftclean draftbill of ladingtitle to the goodsinsurance policydocumentary collectiondocuments against payment(D/P) documents against acceptance(D/A)go bankruptopen accountapplicantopening bankbeneficiarycorrespondent bankadvising bank confirming bank对销贸易；反向贸易术语实际头寸极度通货膨胀欧洲支付联盟竞争性贬值复印机清算系统，清算制度补偿贸易加工贸易租赁代理政策目标贸易保护主义金融市场中央计划经济国家债务人借方，记入借方的款财务状况资信可靠状况分阶段付款预付现金汇票汇票出票人受票人受款人远期汇票跟单汇票光票提单货物所有权保险单跟单托收付款交单承兑交单破产记账交易开证申请人（也叫opener或principal)开证银行受益人往来行，关系行通支行保兑行unit pricepartial shipment transshipmentprice termscarrying vessel mechanismclean creditnon-trade settlement revocable credit irrevocable credit confirmed creditleading bankdouble assurancesight creditusance creditcapital turnoverface valuetransferable creditnon-transferable credit middlemannon-draft creditdeferred payment revolving credittake delivery of commissiondiscountshipping markssignaturein general termsmemos(memorandum) consignorcarriageconsigneenotify partyairway billcargo receiptthe insuredcurrencycommercial invoiceport of shipmentshipping advicenatural product provinces carrier common carrier单价分批装运转船价格条款，价格术语运载船只，载货船只机制光票信用证非贸易结算可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证保兑信用证主要银行双重保障即期信用证远期信用证资金周转面值可转让信用证不可转让信用证中间人无汇票信用证推迟付款循环信用证提（货）佣金折扣唛头，运输标记签字用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达备忘录，便笺托运人运输收货人被通知人空运提单铁路运单，货运收据被保险人货币商业发展发货港，起运港装船通知产品自然领域承运人，运载工具公共承运人contract carrierprivate carrier entrepreneurintermediate product finished productsper-unitshipperinventoryjust-in-time inventory logisticscost economiesintermediate products insurerenterprisepoolpremiumclaimclientmarginhandmaidenknown premiumrelease of fundstime lagunderwritersutmost good faithport of originbrand-newplatinumindemnitytie upcontributionpro rateFord carpercentagesubrogationnegligentforwarding charges proximate cause of the loss insurable interestthe capital tied up exchange rategold standardpar value reserve currency契约承运人自有承运人企业家，业主中间产品制成品每一单位托运人，发货人，货主存货，库存零库存物流节约成本，成本节约中间产品承保人企业，公司统筹的资金；共同款项保险费索赔顾客，主顾保证金起服务（或辅助）作用的事物已知的保险费腾出资金在时间上的间隔保险公司最大诚信货物原产地港口崭新的白金损失赔偿占用，冻结分摊按比例（美国）福特轿车百分比；（全部中的）所占比例：部分代位；取代疏忽的，玩忽的交货费用导致损失的直接原因可保险权益占用的资金汇率，兑换率金本位制平价储备货币interactionclean floatdirty floatvice versaspecial drawing right BOP deficitdiscount rateidle fundsdirect quoteindirect quotebuying rateselling ratemedial ratemultilateralfinancial resources earningsspell outcriterionsubscription replenishments prerequisitepopulation-planning nutritioncornerstonecapital marketborrowing powergold tranchereservegrace periodprivate sectorequity investmentcut across sectoral lines standby arrangement investment returns beveragetunacannerybiogeneticsbiotechnology Volkswagencustomer mobility inventorytax holiday acquisition交互作用清洁浮动肮脏浮动反过来也是这样，反之亦然特别提款权国际收支赤字贴现率邮资（汇率）直接标价（汇率）间接标价买入价卖出价中间价多边的，多国（或多方）参加的资金收益，赢利详细说明，明确规定标准，准则捐助，认捐补充或增加的（资金）必备条件，先决条件人口计划营养基石资本市场借款权黄金份额储备金，准备金优惠期，宽限期私营经济股权投资超越部门界限备用（信贷）安排投资收益，投资回报饮料金枪鱼罐头食品厂生物遗传学生物工艺学大众汽车客户流动存货免税期并购 start from scratch joint venture parent the greenfield strategy investor securities statute equities indices gilt-edged stocks broker jobber secondary capital market market floor listed market income tax qualifications standing committee criteria VAT shortfall practitioner long-term capital primary capital raising options accession to be traced back to controversy framework Generalized System of Preferences non-discriminate predecessor full employment the most-favored nation clause trade-related full-fledged verdict tariff concession round institutional strength threshold counter-veiling measures anti-dumping national treatment 白手起家，从零开始 合资企业 母公司，总公司，创始组织 绿地战略 投资者 有价证券 法令，法规，成文律 （股息不定的）普通股，股票 （index 的复数形式）指数 金边证券 经纪人，中介人，掮客 股票买卖经纪人 二级资本市场 交易场地 挂牌证券交易市场 所得税 资格 常务委员会 （criterion 的复数形式）标准 增值说（全称为value added tax ） 亏空，不足 开业者 长期资本 对新发行的有价证券的筹措活动 期权（合同），选购权 加入 追溯到 争议，争论 框架，机构 普惠制 不加区别的，非歧视的 前任，原来的事物 充分就业 最惠国条款 与贸易有关的 完全合格的，名副其实的 裁决，判决 关税减让 回合 制度力量，行政力量 门槛，开端 反贴补措施 反倾销国民待遇tariff quotafair tradeECOSOCforumterms of tradeescape clausesterritoryaction programmepreferential customs tariffsorganconferencepreferencenon-discrimination principledifferential treatment new internationaleconomic ordertransfer of technology 关税配额公平贸易联合国经济及社会理事会公开讨论的机会；论坛贸易条件免责条款，例外条款领土，领地行动纲领特惠税机构，机关（正式）会议（年会）优先（权）；优先选择（权）无差别待遇原则差别待遇国际经济新秩序技术转让（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。