Part Ⅱ Using language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语

Part ⅡUsing language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语【思维导图】
一、基本特征感悟
【感悟用法】
①That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
②He studied hard only to fail.
【自我总结】
句①中的to play是不定式，作game的定语。

句②中的to fail 是不定式，作结果状语。

二、主要用法精讲
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。

There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。

The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
筹集资金最好的方式是卖报纸。

(2)如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。

When you move somewhere new，the first thing for you is to find a place to live in.当你搬到一个新的地方时，首先要找一个住处。

2.动词不定式作结果状语
(1)动词不定式表示结果时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

结果状语常常只限于learn(得知)，find(发现)，see，hear，to be told(被告知)，make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。

He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.
他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。

Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth，never to be seen again.
恐龙已经从地球上灭绝，将永不再被看到。

He left his home，never to be heard from again.他离开了家，从此音信全无。

(2)动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构
①only to do结构表示意外的结果
He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left.
他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。

He worked hard，only to fail at last.他努力工作，最终结果却是失败。

②too...to...结构
The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.箱子太重小孩拿不动。

③so as to do结构
He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed.
他把自己关在屋里以免受到打扰。

④enough to do结构
The girl is not old enough to go to school.这个女孩不够大，不能上学。

动词不定式为非谓语动词。

在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。

它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词形变化所局限。

即学即练
补全句子
1.Who was the first one to arrive？谁第一个到的？
2.Pandas have less and less land to live on.大熊猫可生存的面积越来越小。

3.The best way to learn English is to use it.学英语最好的方法是使用它。

4.—Where should I send my application?
——我应该把申请表寄到哪里？
—The personnel office is the place to send it to.
——把它送到人事部去。

5.His failure to come that evening was due to his ill health.
那天晚上他没来是因为他身体不好。

6.The boy is too young to go to school.
这个男孩太小而不能上学。

7.Would you be so kind as to do me a favor?
请你帮我一下好吗？
8.The boy is old enough to take care of himself.这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。

9.I hurried to his house，only to find him out.我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。

10.I had to shout to be heard.
我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.This company was the first to produce (produce) portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
2.The news reporters hurried to the airport，only to be told (tell) the film stars had left.
3.Will you lend him a magazine to read (read)?
4.He could do nothing but wait for the bus to come (come).
5.I’m going to Xi’an next week.Have you anything to be taken (take) to your parents?
6.At no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning，though she is always too busy to take (take) a good rest.
7.With a lot of difficult problems to settle (settle)，the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
8.She told us that each of us should have a role to play (play) in making the earth a better place to live in.
9.The problem is rather too difficult for us to work (work) out.
10.He was too excited to speak (speak).
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.She has no paper to write on.她没有纸写字。

2.I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。

3.We have no houses to live in.我们没有房子住。

4.The meeting to take place next week is sure to be a great success.
下周举行的会议一定会取得巨大的成功。

5.When I handed the report to John，he said that George was the person to send it to.
当我把报告交给约翰时，他说乔治是送报告的人。

6.I’m hungry.Get me something to eat.
我饿了。

给我弄点吃的。

7.He reached the station tired only to learn that the train had just left.
他到达车站时很累，却得知火车刚开。

8.He woke up to find everybody gone.
他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。