暨南大学考博英语真题及答案解析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第89期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.不定项选择题The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive. Membership in them was commonly restricted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fillers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.1. According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?2. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means（）.3. According to the article, in which area was it more energy-effective?4. The author implies that（）.5. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Methods of production.B.Appearance of craft guilds.C.Increased trade volume.D.Growth of trade, banking and methods of production.问题2选项A.popularB.obsoleteC.potentialD.extensive问题3选项A.Smelting industryB.Mining industryC.BankingD.Weaving问题4选项A.the guild system was more efficientB.the domestic system was capitalisticC.the technical advance stimulated the guild systemD.the domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system问题5选项A.Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises.B.In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.C.The domestic system is also known as the putting out system.D.The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
暨南大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
暨南大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for eachnumbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the privateownership of the major means of production capital.The ownership oflarge amounts of capital can bring1profits,as well as economic andpolitical power.Some recent theorists,2,have argued that oursociety has moved to a new stage of3that they call“post Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi industrial”society.One important change in such a society is that the ownershipof4amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important5of profits and influence;knowledge as well as6capital bringsprofits and influence.There are many7with the thesis above,not the least of8is thatwealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they needed tokeep their profits and influence.But this does not9the importanceof knowledge in an advanced industrial society,as the10of some newindustrial indicates.11,genetic engineering and the new computertechnology have12many new firms and made some scientists quite rich.In13with criticism of the post industrial society thesis,however,it must also be14that those already in control of huge amounts of capital(i.e.,major corporations)soon15to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power,we still find knowledge increasingly16.Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level,but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill,low-paying service17.Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge.Individuals who fall too far behind in the18of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch later,no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in the English language has been a severe19for many years in the United States,but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and20them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.1.[A]quantitative[B]extensive[C]comprehension[D]sophisticated2.[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]nevertheless3.[A]aggression[B]proficiency[C]productivity[D]evolution4.[A]dominant[B]impressive[C]magnificent[D]significant5.[A]source[B]factor[C]component[D]element6.[A]adequate[B]profitable[C]material[D]spiritual7.[A]advantages[B]consequences[C]problems[D]potentials8.[A]them[B]those[C]which[D]that9.[A]deny[B]refuse[C]admit[D]acknowledge10.[A]emergence[B]innovation[C]extinction[D]discovery11.[A]In addition[B]For example[C]Above all[D]In short12.[A]produced[B]created[C]improved[D]facilitated13.[A]line[B]need[C]doubt[D]match14.[A]idealized[B]recognized[C]supervised[D]summarized15.[A]stepped in[B]settled down[C]leaned over[D]turned out16.[A]accessible[B]important[C]popular[D]abundant17.[A]enterprises[B]employment[C]professions[D]industries18.[A]control[B]mastery[C]search[D]pursuit19.[A]handicap[B]penalty[C]inconvenience[D]shortcoming20.[A]enforce[B]punish[C]confine[D]condemnSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points)Text1Half the world s population will be speaking or learning English by2015,researchers say.Two billion people are expected to start learning English within a decade and three billion will speak it,says a British Council estimate.Other languages,such as French,risk becoming the casualties of this“linguistic globalization”.But the boom will be over by2050and the English language teaching industry will have become a victim of its own success,says David Graddol,author of the report,The Future of English.Mr.Graddol s research was based on a computer model developed to estimate demand for English language teaching around the world. The lecturer,who has worked in education and language studies at the Open University for the past25years,said the model charted likely student numbers through to2050.It was compiled by looking at various estimates from the United Nations Education,Scientific and Cultural Organization(Unesco)on education provision,demographic projections,government education policies and international student mobility figures.The impact of educational innovations and other developments affecting the world population including the Chinese government s policy of one baby per family were also factored in.Based on its findings,Mr.Graddol has predicted that the world is about to be hit by a tidal wave of English.“Many governments, especially in countries which have relatively recently gained independence,are introducing the teaching of English under a utilitarian banner.”“But English predominates in the business world,and for such countries to be able to compete for work,including lucrative (profitable)outsourcing contracts,English is being pushed heavily from kindergarten on.”The potential bonanza(source of wealth)on offer from outsourcing means even maths and science are being taught in English at secondary schools in Malaysia.But demand for English teaching would drop as children progress through academia,and more universities across the world choose to teach in the language.Mr.Graddol also estimated that the boom would be over by 2050.“English language students will be down from two billion to 500million then,”he said,“Increasingly,as English spread across the globe,more people will become bilingual,even multi lingual and such skills are highly prized in business.But Britain has not got the best reputation for learning other languages.”The report also showed that English was not the only language spreading,and the world,far from being dominated by English,was to become more multi-lingual.Mr.Graddol said,“Chinese,Arabic and Spanish are all popular,and likely to be languages of the future.”21.It is estimated that in a decade English will be[A]actively studied by over200million people.[B]freely spoken by global English learners.[C]popular with over80%of world inhabitants.[D]really mastered by50%of people worldwide.22.According to the text,“linguistic globalization”will[A]eliminate French from the globe.[B]defeat other European languages.[C]fail all languages except English.[D]make English the biggest winner.23.David Graddol predicts that the thriving period of English will[A]terminate within half a century.[B]climax in the middle of the century.[C]endure for no less than five decades.[D]quit till the beginning of the2050s.24.The report“The Future of English”factored in all of the following EXCEPT[A]the educational condition and policy.[B]the directions and designs of Unesco.[C]the statistics about population.[D]the movements of overseas students.35.The writer of the report deems that outsourcing is to[A]result in the increase of English subjects.[B]lead to the drop of interest in English study.[C]account for the further spread of English.[D]bring about transition in college curricula.Text2Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever.Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June20th,his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than10m copies of“Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix”.Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks.Related toys,games,DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere.There will be no escaping Pottermania.Yet Mr.Potter’s world is a curious one,in which things are often not what they appear.While an excitable media(hereby including The Economist,happy to support such a fine example of globalization)is helping to hype the launch of J.K.Rowling’s fifth novel,about the most adventurous thing that the publishers(Scholastic in America and Britain’s Bloomsbury in English elsewhere)have organized is a reading by Ms Rowling in London’s Royal Albert Hall,to be broadcast as a live web cast.Hollywood,which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less.Incredible as it may seem,the guardians of the brand say that,to protect the Potter franchise,they are trying to maintain a low profile.Well,relatively low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in1998with Warner Brothers,part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film,licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal:some$500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characters or images,from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen―if you believe Britain’s Sunday Times rich list.The process is self-generating:each book sets the stage for a film,which boosts book sales,which lifts sales of Potterproducts.Globally,the first four Harry Potter books have sold some200m copies in55languages;the two movies have grossed over$1.8billion at the box office.This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialized.In line with her wishes,Warner says it is being extraordinarily careful,at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom.It imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola,insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive.Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone.There are no officially sanctioned products relating to “Order of the Phoenix”;nor yet for“Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban”,the film of the third book,which is due out in June 2004.Warner agrees that Ms Rowling’s creation is a different sort of commercial property,one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz,says Diane Nelson, the studio’s global brand manager for Harry Potter.It is vital,she adds,that with more to come,readers of the books are not alienated.“The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the property by fans is not waning.”26.When the author says“there will be no escaping Pottermania”,he implies that.[A]Harry Potter’s appeal for the readers is simply irresistible[B]it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boy[C]craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near future[D]Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over27.Ms Rowling’s reading in London’s Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show.[A]publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potter’s business[B]businesses are actually more credible than media in Potter’s world[C]the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than Hollywood[D]businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way28.The author believes that.[A]Britain’s Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it sounds[B]Time Warner’s management of licenses is a bit over commercialized[C]other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at will[D]what Ms Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner isa real bargain29.Paragraph4intends mainly to show Warner’s.[A]determination to promote Potter[B]consistence in conducting business[C]high regard for Ms Rowling’s request[D]careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola30.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that.[A]products of Potter films have brought enormous profits to Warner[B]current Hollywood’s marketing of Potter may damage its potential[C]readers could get tired of Ms Rowling’s writings sooner or later[D]Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in futurText3What accounts for the astounding popularity of Dr.Phil McGraw? Why have so many TV viewers and book buyers embraced this tough warrior of a psychologist who tells them to suck it up and deal with their own problems rather than complaining and blaming everyone else? Obviously,Oprah Winfrey has a lot to do with it.She made him famous with regular appearances on her show,and is co-producing the new "Dr.Phil"show that’s likely to be the hottest new daytime offering this fall.But we decided to put Dr.Phil on the cover not just because he’s a phenomenon.We think his success may reflect an interestingshift in the American spirit of time.Could it be that we’re finally getting tired of the culture of victimology?This is a tricky subject,because there are very sad real victims among us.Men still abuse women in alarming numbers.Racism and discrimination persist in subtle and not-so-subtle forms.But these days,almost anyone can find a therapist or lawyer to assure them that their professional relationship or health problems aren’t their fault.As Marc Peyser tells us in his terrific profile of Dr.Phil, the TV suits were initially afraid audiences would be offended by his stern advice to"get real!"In fact,viewers thirsted for the tough talk.Privately,we all know we have to take responsibility for decisions we control.It may not be revolutionary advice(and may leave out important factors like unconscious impulses).But it’s still an important message with clear echoing as,a year later,we contemplate the personal lessons of September11.Back at the ranch(livestock farm)-the one in Crawford,Texas-President Bush continued to issue mixed signals on Iraq.He finally promised to consult allies and Congress before going to war, and signaled an attack isn’t coming right now("I’m a patient man"). But so far there has been little consensus-building,even as the administration talks of"regime change"and positions troops in the gulf.Bush’s team also ridiculed the press for giving so much coverage to the Iraq issue.Defense Secretary Rumsfeld called it a "frenzy,"and Press Secretary Ari Fleischer dismissed it as"self-inflicted silliness."But as Michael Hirsh notes in our lead story,much of the debate has been inside the Republican Party,where important voices of experience argue Bush needs to prepare domestic and world opinion and think through the global consequences before moving forward.With so much at stake,the media shouldn’t pay attention?Now who’s being silly?31.Faced with diversified issues of injustice,Dr.Phil McGraw advised that people should__.[A]strongly voice their condemnation of those responsible[B]directly probe the root of their victimization[C]carefully examine their own problems[D]sincerely express their sympathy for the victims32.One possible response,when the program"Dr.Phil"was first presented on TV,that people were afraid of was_____.[A]suspicion[B]satisfaction[C]indifference[D]indignation33.The word"tough"(Line7,Paragraph2)most probably means_____.[A]piercing to the truth[B]using vulgar language[C]mean and hostile[D]difficult to understand34.The author advises the public to_____.[A]leave out factors such as unconscious impulses[B]draw lessons of their own from September11[C]respond decisively to September11tragedy[D]accept decisions beyond our control35.With a series of questions at the end of the text,the author _____.[A]feels uncertain of what his own opinion is[B]differentiates two conflicting views[C]criticizes the Bush Administration[D]argues for the US policy on IraqText4With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment,a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status,but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status.For a new generation of upwardly mobile students,the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born,but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better cation became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting,but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility.In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seenas a way to get ahead in the world.The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon,working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds.The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift,education became more vocational:its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information.For the gentleman-in-waiting,virtue consisted above all in grace and style,in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish.And vice was manifested in gracelessness,awkwardness,in behaving inappropriately,discourteously,or ostentatiously.For the apprentice,however,virtue was evidenced in success through hard work.The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive,determination,and a sharp eye for opportunity.While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality,thrift,and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice.And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high,the apprentice was continually becoming,striving,struggling upward.Failure for the apprentice meant standing still,not rising.36.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?[A]Democratic ideas started with education.[B]Federalists were opposed to education.[C]New education helped confirm people’s social status.[D]Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.37.The difference between"gentleman-in-waiting"and "journeyman"is that_____.[A]education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders[B]journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him[C]gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social class[D]journeyman could do practically nothing without education38.According to the second paragraph,land-grant College_____.[A]belonged to the land-owning class[B]enlarged the scope of education[C]was provided only to the poor[D]benefited all but the upper class39.Which of the following was the most important for a "gentleman-in-waiting"?[A]Manners.[B]Education.[C]Moral.[D]Personality.40.The best title for the passage is_____.[A]Education and Progress[B]Old and New Social Norms[C]New Education:Opportunities for More[D]Demerits of Hierarchical SocietyPart BSample oneDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the lish A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices that do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10points)As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions.Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta.From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely,not only by geographical region but also by historical period.(41)__________He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community,whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world togetherin some way.From the late18th century through the early19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East.These languages,scholars concluded,belonged to an Indo-European language family.Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.(42)__________For example,an expression like"maiden dawn"for"sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn,and then in myths about her.Later in the19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology.Scholars researched on the history of mythology,much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations,for remains from the distant past.(43)__________Similarly,British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer’s scheme,human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces(magic),later explaining them as the will of the gods(religion),and finally subjecting them to rational investigation(science).The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites(1889),also influenced Frazer.Through Smith’s work,Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples,for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.(44)__________This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A.R.Radcliffe-Brown,who held that every myth implies a ritual,and every ritual implies a myth.Most analyses of myths in the18th and19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core-whether the seasonal cycles of nature,historical circumstances,or ritual.That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away.In the20th century,investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.(45)__________[A]German-born British scholar Max Müller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India-the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language-reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology.M?ller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.[B]The myth and ritual theory,as this approach came to be called,was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen ing insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.[C]Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths-like dreams-condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.[D]This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor.In Primitive Culture(1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages.[E]The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottolob Heyne,who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths(instead of fibula,meaning"fable")to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.[F]German scholar Karl Otfried M?ller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology,1825). Sample TwoDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions4145,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A G to fill in each numbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)[A]Chinese culture and Western cultures are polarized in many munication might appear easy where they share commonalities,but unfortunately there are many cultural gaps. Bridging them is always a difficult problem,sometimes even an impossibility.[B]On the contrary,traditional Chinese are apt to refer to oneself with expressions like“your underling(zai xia,在下)”,“my humble self(bi ren,鄙人)”,“the poor talented(bu cai,不才)”,“the base one(jian ren,贱人)”,“your servant(nu bi,奴婢)”;and even emperors would refer to themselves as“the one who lacks morality(gua ren,寡人)”or“the solitary(gu,孤)”, showing a mentality of self restraint,self discipline,and respect for others.[C]I have had the unhappy experience at customs offices where without hesitation foreigners often“kindly helped”me to change my name order.For this,I would always argue and fight with them until the name order was changed back.Nowadays,many Chinese make it a matter of course to accept Western customs in their way ofself introduction.But foreigners do not necessarily acknowledge the contrary Chinese customs.Many potential culture clashes are actually rooted in such misreadings and prejudices.[D]Also,the orders of listing names and addresses for Chinese and Westerners are actually opposite,which may be taken to reveal that Chinese tend to respect wholeness and collectiveness,and theirthinking pattern is more often from big to small,and from macro to micro.Meanwhile,Westerners tend to respect subdivided parts and individuals,more often moving from small to big,and from micro to macro.When Chinese present their names,they put surnames before their own given names,thus showing respect to their ancestors. Westerners act in a contrary way,showing self respect.[E]A language epitomizes the cognitive pattern of a worldview. Any new language one has learned is as good as a new way one views the world.Important values are usually embedded within languages, which to some extent affect our fortunes at every moment.The extent that one can break out of language obstacles is a measure of one’s capacity to break away from bondages of one’s own fortune.[F]Before we have a clear idea of the above problem,it might be misleading or extremist to discuss such topics as whether we should maintain the traditional Chinese ethical and political systems as the core of Chinese culture while making use of Western science and technology as the practical means to strengthen China\[zhong ti xi yong,中体西用\]or whether we should mainly adopt Western ethical and political systems to improve Chinese culture\[xi ti zhong yong,西体中用\].[G]The great disparities between Chinese and Western cultures can be identified even in some everyday linguistic usages,Chinese or Western.For example,in English,the only pronoun that is capitalized is“I”.Capitalization is an emphasis.No doubt,acapitalized“I”stresses egocentrism or individualism as a value, with its implications of self dependence,self strengthening, self interestedness and self importance.Order:E→41→42→43→44→45→Sample ThreeDirections:You are going to read a text about animation,followed by a list of explanations.Choose the best explanation from the list A F for each numbered subheading(4145).There is one extra explanation which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10points)Animation is a kind of motion pictures created by recording a series of still images—of drawings,objects,or people in various positions of incremental movement—that when played back no longer appear individually as static images but combine to produce the illusion of unbroken motion.The term animation applies to creations on film,video,or computers,and even to motion toys,which usually consist of a series of drawings or photographs on paper that are viewed。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：82
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.不定项选择题With human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien creatures (who may or may not exist), technicians looking for celestial and planetary sources of energy to support our civilization, orbiting telescopes’ date hinting at planetary systems around other stars, and political groups trying to figure out how to save humanity from nude warfare that would damage life and climate on a planet-wide scale, an astronomy book published today enters a world different from the one that greeted books a generation ago. Astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. With eclipses and space missions broadcast live, and with NASA, Europe, and the USSR planning and building permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward exploratory thrust that may one day be seen as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth. Today’s astrono my students not only seek an up to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion. Science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help today’s students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places—not abstract concepts. Today’s students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos that conceptualized by students of a decade ago.In designing this edition, the Wadsworth editors and I have tried to respond to these developments. Rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outward across the universe. This method of organization automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanity’s discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale.1. This passage is most probably taken from（）.2. The author’s main purpose in writing the first paragraph is（）.3. The author thinks that the growing interest in space exploration among people on Earth will probably lead to（）.4. The author believes that today’s astronomies students（）.5. In the last paragraph, the underlined expression “these developments” refers to all of the following EXCEPT（）.问题1选项A.the preface of a piece of science fictionB.an article of popular scienceC.a lecture given by the author to astronomy studentsD.the introduction of a book of astronomy问题2选项A.to discuss in detail the most recent achievements in space researchB.to explain the background and new features of to day’s astronomyC.to illustrate that the world today is different in many aspects from that of a generation agoD.to introduce some newly established space stations问题3选项A.the realization of permanent settlement on other planetsB.more disturbance not only on Earth but also in outer spaceC.orders, harmony and peace on our planet EarthD.all people having chances of travelling in space问题4选项A.are better-informed about the unseen worlds of spaceB.may learn more about man and his research in various fields through the study of astronomyC.no longer care about astronomical factsD.are much brighter than students of a generation ago问题5选项A.the world-wide involvement in space explorationB.humanity’s new achievements in the field of astro nomyC.the new concepts about the universe acquired by today’s astronomy studentsD.the development of science fiction and special effects of films【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题More often than not, readers are just under the（）plots of science fictions and detective stories.问题1选项A.implicitB.intricateC.obedientD.instinctual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；B选项intricate“错综复杂的”；C选项obedient“顺从的，服从的”；D选项instinctual“本能的”。
句意：通常情况下，读者只是置身在科幻小说和侦探小说（错综复杂）的情节之下。
此处填入空格的形容词是用来修饰plots（情节）。
结合句意“错综复杂的”修饰情节意思正确。
因此B选项符合句意。
2.单选题Melissa is a computer（）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“细菌”，根据destroyed files in computers“破坏电脑中的文件”，可知此处说的是电脑病毒。
句意：米丽莎是一种电脑……，它能够摧毁电脑中的文件，困扰了成千上万的全球用户。
故正确答案为选项B。
3.单选题If you want to keep your job here, you will have to be（）of long working hours and low salary.问题1选项A.tolerantB.tolerableC.bearableD.tolerate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第46期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.不定项选择题In foreign transport today the most popular and common kind of packing material is foam（泡沫）plastic. Before its coming in the 1950s, however, people used wood, paper, sponge and cotton as wrappers. Wood and paper were not resistible enough to intense shocks that were inevitable during long distance transport; cotton and sponge cost too much to be wrappers for ordinary goods like glass, porcelain etc. Often delicate goods were put in a wooden trunk; on each side and end there was a layer of sponge, every individual object then was wrapped by a thick layer of paper or cotton. This was very safe indeed, but the packing and unpacking meant a great deal of labour and a waste of a lot of money.The arrival of foam plastic almost brought a revolution to the world’s packing industry. Today it accounts for three quarters of packing materials for delicate goods while cotton and sponge have nearly withdrawn from the modern stage of packaging. This is nothing accidental: for one thing it is as cheap as dirt itself; one ton of foam plastic, which occupies a space of as much as 1000 m³, amounts to only US $260. It is softer than wood, and harder than cotton and sponger and paper, and therefore a more suitable wrapper for delicate goods. What is more, it can be easily shaped but its shape is unchangeable so that delicate goods like cameras with their intruding（外凸的）parts, musical instruments with their irregular shapes and extreme delicacy can be completely wrapped and well protected in it without additional fillings. Still another advantage is that the foam plastic wrapper can be used to safeguard your objects as long as it lasts: You buy a TV set in the super market. The foam plastic wrapper protects it on the way to your home. When you move home ten years later, the same wrapper can be picked out from the box at the corner of your barn and used to safeguard your TV set to your new home.1. What kind of material is foam plastic?2. Where did intense shocks often occur?3. Why were cotton and sponge not good wrappers for ordinary goods?4. What was the usual container of delicate goods before?5. Why is foam plastic so popular? The following are the reasons except?问题1选项A.The cheapestB.The most popularC.The safestD.The hardest问题2选项A.During long distance transportB.In a wooden trunkC.In freight transport todayD.In a messy shop问题3选项A.Too softB.Too expensiveC.Too cheapD.Too hard问题4选项A.A wooden trunkB.A layer of spongeC.A layer of paperD.A layer of plastic问题5选项A.it is cheapB.its shape is unchangeableC.it can be used for many times to protect the same objectD.it is dirt itself and can be got everywhere【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:事实细节题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：74
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Most men hold a stereotyped conception of women that the female are born with frail constitutions as well as a（）mind.问题1选项passionateB.fragileC.stubbornD.fatal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile “脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。
句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。
句中…mind 与frail constitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。
因此C选项符合题意。
2.单选题The（）of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity.问题1选项A.varietyB.scarcityC.solidaritymodity【答案】B【解析】同形词辨析题。
variety“多样”；scarcity“不足；缺乏”；solidarity“团结”；commodity“商品”；根据natural calamity“自然灾害”可知此处应该说的是各种必需品的“缺乏”，故正确答案为选项B。
句意为：各种必需品的缺乏是自然灾难造成的。
3.单选题I thought I saw water in the distance but it must have been an optical（）.问题1选项A.perceptionB.delusionC.illusionD.deception【答案】C【解析】本题考查了名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第12期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The farmer had to wear heavy boots in winter because the fields were so wet and（）.问题1选项A.nastyB.messyC.dustyD.muddy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项nasty“肮脏的”；B选项messy“凌乱的”；C选项dusty“积满灰尘的”；D选项muddy“泥泞的”。
句意：冬天的时候，农民不得不穿很重的靴子，因为地里潮湿又泥泞。
本句表示field田地里的环境，根据生活常识以及wet潮湿，可知环境是泥泞的比较符合句意。
因此D选项正确。
2.单选题AIDS is causing great public concern because the（）fatal disease hits primarily young people. 问题1选项A.invariablyB.imperativelyC.transientlyD.deceptively【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。
invariably“总是；不变地”；imperatively“命令式地”；transiently“仅持续片刻地”；deceptively“欺骗性地”，根据句意可知，四个选项中只能选择副词invariably，才能使句子符合语义逻辑。
句意：艾滋病引起了极大的公共关注，因为这个……致命的疾病主要是攻击年轻人。
故正确答案为选项A。
3.单选题Having decided to rent a flat we（）contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. 问题1选项A.set outB.set toC.set aboutD.set off【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词组的辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：36
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.Once an employee wants to work abroad he must have a clear mind that his success and expertise home do not mean he can continue his excellence at his overseas branch because of the cultural environment as well as his adaptability. Thinking difference instead of professional experience plays an important role for U.S. business people success at foreign market. Values, attitude, and buying preference and their related information have to be adapted and altered from top management to average workers in the course of tapping foreign markets. For international business, the firms in U.S. have to redetermine their marketing strategy and tactics which generally contrary to what they have done at their home markets based on their knowledge of the targeting countries’ culture context. American business persons have to understand that cultural variable influence international business enterprises so they are required to place highly priority to communicate with the foreign people for mutual understanding besides their business activities.【答案】如果一名员工想出国工作，他必须要弄清楚的是，由于文化环境的差异和他自身适应能力的影响，他在国内的成功和专业并不能保证他能在国外的分公司也一样的表现优秀。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：46
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题More often than not, readers are just under the（）plots of science fictions and detective stories.问题1选项A.implicitB.intricateC.obedientD.instinctual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；B选项intricate“错综复杂的”；C选项obedient“顺从的，服从的”；D选项instinctual“本能的”。
句意：通常情况下，读者只是置身在科幻小说和侦探小说（错综复杂）的情节之下。
此处填入空格的形容词是用来修饰plots（情节）。
结合句意“错综复杂的”修饰情节意思正确。
因此B选项符合句意。
2.单选题The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their（）cooperation. 问题1选项A.ethicalB.bilateralC.mandatoryD.subsidiary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
ethical“伦理的，道德的”；bilateral“双边的”；mandatory “强制的”；subsidiary“附属的”，由delegate“代表团”与cooperation“合作”一词可知此处应该选择形容词bilateral，表示两国之间的合作。
句意：这两个代表团就如何加强……合作进行了深入的交流。
故正确答案为选项B。
3.不定项选择题The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as “boars” and “carbonado” are clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you see on a ring — they just look like small, blue-grey stones.In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the middle Ages it became widespread in north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name “boast” is gi ven to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called “industrial” diamonds.Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds — though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they are cut and polished. Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge. A fully cut “brilliant” diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones are fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries.The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colors, or “water” as it is called. The usual coolers of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue. Surrounding rocks and take on their color, thus black, red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found.The trade in diamonds is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and fordentists’ drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments.Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it — in your wristwatch!1. “Carbonado” is the name given to（）.2. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until（）.3. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders（）.4. The value order of water in diamond（）.5. Industrial diamonds are used（）.问题1选项A.only the very best diamondsB.lumps of pure carbonC.Spanish diamondsD.diamonds made up of many small crystals问题2选项A.the fourteenth centuryB.the fifteenth centuryC.the sixteenth centuryD.the seventeenth century问题3选项A.to facilitate accurate cuttingB.to make them shine more brilliantlyC.so that they can revolve more easilyD.as a steel holder might damage the diamond 问题4选项A.is more important than their colorB.ranges from blue-white upwardsC.ranges from blue white downwardsD.has never been reliably established问题5选项A.for a wide range of purposesB.mainly for dentists’ drillsC.for decoration in rings and watchesD.principally in mass-produced jewellery【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第38期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The emphasis on examinations is by far the（）worst form of competition in schools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate 最恰当。
句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理……竞赛方式。
故正确答案为选项D。
2.单选题The essay lacks（）as the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another.问题1选项A.subsistenceB.pregnancyC.fertilityD.coherence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项subsistence“生活，生存”；B选项pregnancy“怀孕”；C选项fertility“富饶，生育率”；D选项coherence“一致，连贯性”。
句意：这篇文章缺少连贯性，因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题上去。
由空格后的as the writer keeps jumping for one subject to another（因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题）可知D选项与其意思对应。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题Most men hold a stereotyped conception of women that the female are born with frail constitutions as well as a（）mind.问题1选项passionateB.fragileC.stubbornD.fatal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：32
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The young man liked the graceful girl next to the door at the first sight; the feeling is （）,as the girl smiled slightly at him.问题1选项A.mutualB.visibleC.literalD.inevitable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B选项visible“明显的，可见的”；C选项literal“文字的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。
句意：这个年轻人第一眼就喜欢门边那个优雅的姑娘，这种感觉是相互的，因为那女孩对他也微微一笑。
根据空格前后两句的意思以及常识，可知男孩喜欢女孩，而女孩也微笑回应，他们互有好感，A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思对应。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题After an（）tour performance, the actress decided to fly to Hawaii to have a full relaxation. 问题1选项A.generousB.exhaustingC.favoriteD.numerous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B选项exhausting“使人筋疲力尽的”；C选项favorite“最受喜爱的”；D选项numerous“许多的”。
句意：在一场使人筋疲力尽的巡回演唱会之后，这位女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松。
根据句意女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱会让人筋疲力尽所以才想要放松。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and（）penicillin prescriptions. 问题1选项A.dispensesB.disposesC.dispersesD.dispatches【答案】A【解析】考查同形词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第66期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Melissa is a computer（）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“细菌”，根据destroyed files in computers“破坏电脑中的文件”，可知此处说的是电脑病毒。
句意：米丽莎是一种电脑……，它能够摧毁电脑中的文件，困扰了成千上万的全球用户。
故正确答案为选项B。
2.单选题Most men hold a stereotyped conception of women that the female are born with frail constitutions as well as a（）mind.问题1选项passionateB.fragileC.stubbornD.fatal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile “脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。
句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。
句中…mind 与frail constitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。
因此C选项符合题意。
3.单选题The emphasis on examinations is by far the（）worst form of competition in schools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第68期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题More often than not, readers are just under the（）plots of science fictions and detective stories.问题1选项A.implicitB.intricateC.obedientD.instinctual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；B选项intricate“错综复杂的”；C选项obedient“顺从的，服从的”；D选项instinctual“本能的”。
句意：通常情况下，读者只是置身在科幻小说和侦探小说（错综复杂）的情节之下。
此处填入空格的形容词是用来修饰plots（情节）。
结合句意“错综复杂的”修饰情节意思正确。
因此B选项符合句意。
2.单选题Russian women had to wear protective masks as they walked in Moscow, which was（）by a heavy smog yesterday.问题1选项A.shroudedB.unveiledC.decayedD.deprived【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
shrouded“遮蔽”；unveiled“除去面纱”；decayed“衰退；腐败”；deprived “剥夺；丧失”，根据句子结构可知which引导了一个定语从句，此处which指代的是“Moscow 莫斯科”，根据主句的意思可知此处想表达的是莫斯科被大雾笼罩。
句意：俄罗斯的女性昨天在……的莫斯科街头行走的时候不得不戴着厚厚的保护面罩。
故正确答案为选项A。
3.单选题NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out of control and（）moments before it was to land.问题1选项A.disassembleB.disembarkC.disintegrateD.disinherit【答案】C【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：58
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Many advantages come with being a first-born child. First-borns tend to make more money than their younger siblings; they are more likely to earn advanced degrees, and they have slightly better odds of becoming presidents, prime ministers, and Nobel laureates. They even have longer life expectancy than later-born siblings.There is yet another advantage: First-born children show better second language skills than later-born children. At least this was the finding of new research in last month’s issue of Frontiers in Psychology.The study, led by Dr. Karin Keller of Switzerland’s University of Basel, examined the second language skills of 1209 immigrant children between the ages of two-and-a-half and three from Switzerland’s German-speaking region of Basel. The study was administered via mail; parents filled out a survey asking them to assess their child’s German language ability. They also reported demographic information such as how many other children were in the household, birth order, number of books in the household, and parental language skills.The findings of the study are as the following. First, children with more siblings exhibited worse second language skills than children with fewer siblings. This makes some sense; one might imagine that larger immigrant families are more likely to propagate the communication styles of their home country. Furthermore, more children means less time for parents to develop their children’s second language abilities.Second, the researchers found that first-born children exhibited a minor, but statistically significant, advantage in their second language abilities.When explaining the causes for the language ability differences, the researchers suggest that the differences have more to do with environmental factors. The y cite a “resource dilution model”, in which first-born children benefit from a greater parental resource investment. The researchers write, “Every additional sibling means a reduction in the share of resources allocated to each child, thus reducing the fo undations of their intellectual development.”Keller and her team of researchers, however, were quick to put this finding in context. They note that the effect is quite small; they were only able to find it because of the study’s large sample size. Furthermore, exposure to early education institutions offset the effect of birth order on second language acquisition. This, in the researchers’ minds, is the key takeaway from this study.Keller and her colleagues write, “Considering that families from immigrant backgrounds have fewer financial resources, and that these resources influence the children’s level of development. It seems all the more important that immigrant families with many children are financially supported so that their children are offered the best opportunities possible for their academic careers. Given the results of this study, promoting the attendance of early education institutions is an efficient way of achieving this goal.”6. What do we know about first-born children?7. What does the study of Dr. Karin Keller find?8. What is one of the reasons for language ability differences between first-borns and later-borns?9. What is the important information from the study according to the researchers?10. What is suggested to help the immigrant families?问题1选项A.They are more helpful with housework.B.They have a shorter lifespan.C.They seem to be stronger.D.They tend to be better off.问题2选项A.Parents with more children tend to spend less time with them.B.Immigrant families pay le ss attention to their children’s language ability.C.Children with fewer siblings have better second language skills.D.Children with more siblings have more chance to practice a second language.问题3选项A.Genetic factor.B.Parenting model.C.Resource allocation.D.Sibling competition.问题4选项A.Immigrant backgrounds can influence children’s second language ability.B.Early education can make up for birth order effect on second language acquisition.C.Children’s intellectual development is import ant for second language learning.D.The birth order effect on second language acquisition depends on the sample size.问题5选项A.Giving financial support to those with fewer resources.B.Offering more opportunities for the development of parents.C.Calling on education institutions to offer free courses.D.Carrying out more studies on language acquisition abilities.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】6.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：5
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Due to rapid growth of population and long period of drought, some African countries often suffer from（）.问题1选项A.feminismB.famineC.fatigueD.fantasy【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项feminism“女权主义”；B选项famine“饥荒”；C选项fatigue“疲劳”；D选项fantasy“幻想”。
句意：由于人口的快速增长和长期的干旱，一些非洲国家经常遭受饥荒。
根据前半句表述的因为人口快速增长和长期干旱，可知后半句中不好的结果合适的是饥荒。
因此B选项符合题意。
2.单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
paradoxes “悖论；矛盾的事物”；legacies “遗产”；platitudes “平凡；陈词滥调”；analogies“类比；类推”，根据when a people dies“在一个人死的时候”和distributed“分发”，可知此处指的是遗产的分发。
句意：一个人去世的时候，在分……之前他的债务必须偿还清楚。
正确答案为选项B。
3.单选题The development of high-technologies at an unprecedented speed has rendered lots of conventional office jobs（）.问题1选项A.suicidalB.obsoleteC.availableD.profitable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：83
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Jane buys all the fashion magazines, and she always tries to dress in（）with the latest style.问题1选项A.confirmationB.conformityC.variationD.proposal【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项confirmation“确认，证实”；B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”；C选项variation“变化”；D选项proposal“提议，建议，求婚”。
句意：简买了所有的时尚杂志，她总是试图与最新的风格一样。
本句表示，Jane喜欢时尚，总是紧跟时代潮流，那她穿的衣服应该是跟最新款式风格一致的，in conformity with“与……一致，符合……”，B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”意思正确。
因此B选项符合题意。
2.填空题Your Smartphone May Be Hurting Your SleepA) You love your smartphone, but it may be ruining your ZZZ’s. Use of these devices, especially near bedtime, is associated with worse quality of sleep, according to a new study. “When we looked at smartphone use around t he time when participants reported they went to bed, more smartphone use around that time in particular was associated with a longer time to fall asleep and worse sleep quality during the night,” said Dr. Gregory Marcus, author of the study and an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One. B) The word “crack-berry” became popular roughly a decade ago to describe the addictive quality of BlackBerry devices—arguably the first really successful smartphones. Today, almost everyone is a smartphone junkie, standing with head bowed while waiting for a train or in line at the post office.C) Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related. To answer this question, he used exiting information collected by an Internet-based study he started in March 2016.D) “Health E-Heart,” which was funded by the Nation al Institutes of Health is designed to study cardiovascular health. Anyone 18 years of age or older can enroll in Health E-Heart, co-founded by Drs. Mark Pletcher and Jeffrey Olgin, professors at UCSF. After signing a consent form, enrolled participants self-report their health data via a series of online questionnaires. The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.E) About 80,000 participants have enrolled in Health E-Heart, Marcus said. “We’ve had people from every state in the US, lots of people from every state, and we actually have people from 50 countries.” Marcus and his co-founders also make the data available to other scientists conducting unrelated studies. For the new smartphone study, Marcus made use of this wealth of information to conduct his own “sub-study”.F) Of the total Health E-Heart enrollees, 653 people chose to participate in and complete the new smartphone-sleep study. Participants installed an app on their phones to automatically record the total number of minutes in each hour the screen was turned on (total screen time) during a 30-day period. These participants had already reported their sleep hours and sleep quality using a validated questionnaire as part of the general Health E-Heart experience, Marcus explained. So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues. By answering so many questions, participants were unaware of what the researchers were studying, explained Marcus: “We wouldn’t expect any bias.”G) Analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that, on average, participants used their smartphones for a total of 38.4 hours over a 30-day period. Individuals with a longer average screen time were more likely to have poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall: About 35% of those who used their smartphones for shorter amounts of time than average had sleep difficulties, compared with 42% of those with average or greater than average use. And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime.H) The researchers discovered that screen-time varies throughout a 24-hour period, but most occurs during the day. Yet for some participants, smartphone use peaked during the night. “We can’t exclude the possibility that some people can’t sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they can’t sleep, they’re using their smartphone, just to pass the time,” Marcus said.I) Despite potential shortcomings, Marcus research is in line with other studies showing that the use of technology near bedtime is associated with difficulty sleeping, such as the 2015 National Sleep Foundation poll. Other research has shown that the blue light emitted by smartphones (and other digital devices) might suppress our body’s production of melatonin, a hormone that induces tiredness and contributes to the timing of sleep-wake cycles. “So there’s some biological plausibility supporting the idea that there is a causal relationship, but we weren’t able to identify that,” Marcus noted.J) “It is believed that sleep is a restorative process and a basic biologic need,” said Dr. Neil Kline, a sleep physician, internist and representative of the American Sleep Association. “When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail. Not only does our performance, memory and attention span suffer, our immune system and endocrine system is also impaired.”K) Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, children’s sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study. Lead author Ben Carter, a senior lecturer in biostatistics at King’s College London, and his colleagues discovered that for teens and children, the use of cell phones, tablets and computers is associated with losing sleep time and sleep quality.L) Marcus said he suspects that some people may be affected more than others and overuse of a smartphone impacts their sleep more than it would for other people. He hopes to investigate this question in the future. Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber. He added, “There’s almost certainly no harm in giving that a good try.”11. Our addiction to smartphones dates back to about ten years ago._________12. Data from Health E-Heart are collected and used for researchers into heart diseases._________13. The findings of Dr. Marcus’s study appeared in PLOS One. _________14. Bad sleepers are advised not to use their smartphones half an hour or so before they go to bed. _________15. Marcus started his research because he suspected there might be some correlation between sleep loss and smartphone use. _________16. The use of digital devices affects children’s sleep too._________17. To make sure his study was objective, Marcus required his subjects to provide many more of their life details than just sleep hours and sleep quality._________18. Researchers found those who spend longer time playing with their smartphones are more likely to sleep badly._________ 19. Marcus conceded that some people were sleepless at night for reasons unrelated to mobile phone use._________20. Sleep is our basic biological need and lack of it may cause our body functions to decline. _________【答案】11.B12.D13.A14.L15.C16.K17.F18.G19.H20.J【解析】11.主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：29
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the（）peasants.问题1选项A.animatedB.rebelliousC.creasedD.impassive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
animated“活生生的；活泼的”；rebellious“反抗的；造反的”；creased“有折痕的”；impassive“冷漠的；无感觉的”，根据troops“军队”一词可知此处的peasant“农民”是需要被镇压的，分析四个选项可知此处填rebellious这个形容词符合句意。
句意：他好像不愿意派他的军队去镇压……农民。
由此得知B选项正确。
2.不定项选择题A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper（给……换尿布）their firstborn son, “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to him and smile a little.” The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologist now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry（模糊的）shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet. Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from bei ng helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything. When a more nine minutes out, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, hi s entire body moves in precise synchronic（同时发生）to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.1. The author points out that the father diapering his first-born son was wrong because（）.2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?3. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty” probably mean?4. According to the passage, it’s groundless to think that newborns prefer（）.5. What is the passage mainly discussing about?问题1选项A.he believed the baby was not able to hear himB.he thought the baby didn’t have the power of speechC.he was a psychologist unworthy of his professionD.he thought the baby was not capable of any response问题2选项A.A new infant can see only blurry shadows.B.A new infant’s senses are undeveloped.C.All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.D.A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment.问题3选项A.The newborn is greedy for new food.B.The newborn tends to overeat.C.The newborn always loves things that are new to him.D.The newborn’s appetite is a constant topic in novels.问题4选项A.a human face to a head-shaped outlineB.animate things to inanimate onesC.human voice to non-human soundsD.nourishment to a warm bassinet问题5选项A.What people know about newborns.B.How wrong parents are when they handle their babies.C.How much newborns have progressed in about a decade’s time.D.Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：15
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The mother really took pride in her son, a（）artist who had already held several national exhibitions.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.descriptiveD.partial【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项perspective“透视的”；C 选项descriptive“描述性的”；D选项partial“局部的，偏袒的”。
句意：这位母亲真的为自己的儿子感到骄傲，因为他儿子未来会是一位艺术家，已经举办过好几次全国性的展览。
空格后的内容都是描述儿子的，从举办过好几次展览可知儿子最有可能成为未来的一位艺术家，所以A选项符合句意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题Mr. Hopkins, who lost a leg in a car accident, had now been fitted with a (n) （）limb.问题1选项A.substituteB.attachmentC.artificialD.extra【答案】C【解析】考查语义和形容词名词辨析。
A选项substitute“替代品”；B选项attachment “附件”；C选项artificial“人造的”；D选项extra“额外的”。
句意：霍普金斯先生在一次车祸中失去了一条腿，现在已经装上了假肢。
本句表示装上假肢的表达是artificial limb，C选项artificial“人造的”符合句意。
因此C选项正确。
3.不定项选择题Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, know（1）personal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a year, I was（2）hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing the market. It seemed so easy. I dreamed of（3）my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams（4）to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I （5）, Texas cellular phone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent（6）a one year period. On the（7）day, it plunged by more than $15 a share. There was rumor the company was（8）sales figures. That was when I learned how quickly Wall Street（9）companies that misrepresent the（10）. In a（11）, I sold all my stock in the company, paving（12）margin debt with case advances from my（13）card. Because I owned so may shares, I（14）a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a（15）, the next a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the market.My father was stock broker, as was my grandfather（16）him. (In fact, he founded one of Chicago’s earliest brokerage firms.) But like so many thing in life, we don’t learn anything until we（17）it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner（18）of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing（19）and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. It’s when all your stocks are losing and ev eryone is questioning your stock-picking（20）that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.问题1选项A.atB.inC.fromD.by问题2选项A.makingB.spendingC.sellingD.buying问题3选项A.losingB.retiringC.gettingD.quitting问题4选项A.turnedB.cameC.wentD.seemed问题5选项A.owned B.owedC.rentedD.sold问题6选项A.overB.byC.fromD.with问题7选项A.busyB.slowC.worstD.fast问题8选项A.cheatingB.exaggeratingC.announcingD.beating问题9选项A.punishesB.defeatsC.tellsD.shows问题10选项A.tradeB.truthC.lieD.lies问题11选项A.despairB.worryC.panicD.moment问题12选项A.allB.offC.overD.up 问题13选项A.creditB.identityC.identificationD.loan问题14选项A.wonB.lostC.gainedD.found问题15选项A.winnerB.champagneC.geniusD.mentor问题16选项A.afterB.beforeC.forD.and问题17选项A.rememberB.liveC.imagineD.experience问题18选项A.workingsB.inningsC.priceD.shares问题19选项A.moreB.greatC.muchD.up问题20选项A.facility B.facultyC.abilityD.power【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查介词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：55
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题On many occasions, we tend to interpret the actions of children（）our own experience as an adult.问题1选项A.for the sake ofB.on behalf ofC.in terms ofD.in accordance with【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。
A选项for the sake of“为了”；B选项on behalf of“代表”；C选项in terms of“依据，在……方面”；D选项in accordance with“与……一致”。
句意：在很多时候，我们倾向于依据自己作为一个成年人的经验来解释孩子的行为。
根据空格前后的句意关系，只有C选项in terms of“依据，在……方面”符合句意，其他选项意思不对。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题I think we can（）with the usual formalities since we all know each other already.问题1选项A.disposeB.dispatchC.dispenseD.discharge【答案】D【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。
dispose“处理；处置”；dispatch“派遣”；dispense “分配”；discharge“免除”，这里要表达的意思是省去、免除客套的东西，所以应该使用动词discharge，故正确答案为选项D。
句意为：既然我们早就已经彼此认识了，所以我觉得我们可以免去那些客套话。
3.写作题Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words.1.盗版现象日益严重2.盗版造成的后果3.我对抵制盗版问题的看法【答案】【参考范文】The Problem of Piracy4.单选题I thought I saw water in the distance but it must have been an optical（）.问题1选项A.perceptionB.delusionC.illusionD.deception【答案】C【解析】本题考查了名词辨析。