简·奥斯汀英文介绍
简奥斯丁的英语介绍
简奥斯丁的英语介绍Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose realism, biting social commentary and masterful use of free indirect speech, burlesque and irony have earned her a place as one of the most widely read and most beloved writers in English literature.[1]Austen lived her entire life as part of a small and close-knit family located on the lower fringes of English gentry.[2] She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to Austen's development as a professional writer.[3] Austen's artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years until she was about thirty-five years old. During this period, she wrote three major novels and began a fourth.[B] From 1811 until 1815, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published after her death in 1817, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism.[4][C] Austen's plots, though fundamentally comic,[5] highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security.[6] Like those of Samuel Johnson, one of the strongest influences on her writing, her works are concerned with moral issues.[7]During her lifetime, Austen's works brought her little fame and only a few positive reviews. Through the mid-nineteenth century, her novels were admired only by a literary elite. However, the publication of her nephew's A Memoir ofJane Austen in 1869 introduced her life and works to a wider public. By the 1940s, Austen was firmly ensconced in academia as a "great English writer", and the second half of the twentieth century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship that explored many aspects of her novels: artistic, ideological, and historical. In popular culture, a Janeite fan culture has developed, centred on Austen's life, her works, and the various film and television adaptations of them.FamilyJane Austen's father, George Austen (1731–1805), and his wife, Cassandra (1739–1827), were members of substantial gentry families.[13] George was descended from a family of woollen manufacturers which had risen through the professions to the lower ranks of the landed gentry.[14] Cassandra was a member of the prominent Leigh family.[15] From 1765 until 1801, that is, for much of Jane's life, George Austen served as the rector of the Anglican parishes at Steventon, Hampshire and a nearby village. From 1773 until 1796, he supplemented this income by farming and by teaching three or four boys at a time who boarded at his home.[16]Austen's immediate family was large: six brothers—James (1765–1819), George (1766–1838), Edward (1767–1852), Henry Thomas (1771–1850), Francis William (Frank) (1774-1865), Charles John (1779–1852)—and one sister, Cassandra Elizabeth (1773–1845), who, like Jane, died unmarried. Cassandra was Austen's closest friend and confidante throughout her life.[17] Of her brothers, Austen felt closest to Henry, who became a banker and, after his bank failed, an Anglican clergyman. Henry was also his sister's literary agent. His large circle of friends and acquaintances in London included bankers, merchants, publishers, painters, and actors: he provided Austen with a view of social worlds not normally visible from a small parish in rural Hampshire.[18] George was sent to live with a local family at a young age because, as Austen biographer Le Faye describes it, he was "mentally abnormal and subject tofits".[19] He may also have been deaf and dumb.[20] Charles and Frank served in the navy, both rising to the rank of admiral. Edward was brought up by his second cousin Thomas Knight, eventually inheriting Knight's estate and taking his name.[21]Steventon rectory, as depicted in A Memoir of Jane Austen, was in a valley and surrounded by meadows.[22][edit] Early life and educationAusten was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory and publicly christened on 5 April 1776.[23] After a few months at home, her mother placed Austen with a woman living in a nearby village who nursed and raised Austen for a year or eighteen months.[24] In 1783, according to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs Ann Cawley and they moved with her to Southampton later in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane nearly died.[25] Austen was subsequently educated at home, until leaving for boarding school with her sister Cassandra early in 1785. The school curriculum probably included some French, spelling, needlework, dancing and music and, perhaps, drama. By December 1786, Jane and Cassandra had returned home because the Austens could not afford to send both of their daughters to school.[26] Austen acquired the remainder of her education by reading books, guided by her father and her brothers James and Henry.[27] George Austen apparently gave his daughters unfettered access to his large and varied library, was tolerant of Austen's sometimes risqué experiments in writing, and provided both sisters with expensive paper and other materials for their writing and drawing.[28] According to Park Honan, a biographer of Austen, life in the Austen home was lived in "an open, amused, easy intellectual atmosphere" where the ideas of those with whom the Austens might disagree politically or socially were considered and discussed.[29] After returning from school in 1786, Austen "never again lived anywhere beyond the bounds of her immediate family environment".[30]Private theatricals were also a part of Austen's education. From when she was seven until she was thirteen, the family and close friends staged a series of plays, including Richard Sheridan's The Rivals (1775) and David Garrick's Bon Ton. While the details are unknown, Austen would certainly have joined in these activities, as a spectator at first and as a participant when she was older.[31] Most of the plays were comedies, which suggests one way in which Austen's comedic and satirical gifts were cultivated.[32]Portrait of Henry IV. Declaredly written by "a partial, prejudiced & ignorant Historian", The History of England was illustrated by Austen's sister Cassandra (c. 1790).[edit] JuveniliaPerhaps as early as 1787, Austen began to write poems, stories, and plays for her own and her family's amusement.[33] Austen later compiled "fair copies" of 29 of these early works into three bound notebooks, now referred to as the Juvenilia, containing pieces originally written between 1787 and 1793.[34] There is manuscript evidence that Austen continued to work on these pieces as late as the period 1809–11, and that her niece and nephew, Anna and James Edward Austen, made further additions as late as 1814.[35] Among these works are a satirical novel in letters entitled Love and Freindship [sic], in which she mocked popular novels of sensibility,[36] and The History of England, a manuscript of 34 pages accompanied by 13 watercolour miniatures by her sister Cassandra. Austen's "History" parodied popular historical writing, particularly Oliver Goldsmith's History of England (1764).[37] Austen wrote, for example: "Henry the 4th ascended the throne of England much to his own satisfaction in the year 1399, after having prevailed on his cousin & predecessor Richard the 2nd, to resign it to him, & to retire for the rest of his Life to Pomfret Castle, where he happened to be murdered."[38] Austen's Juvenilia are often, according to scholar Richard Jenkyns, "boisterous" and "anarchic"; hecompares them to the work of eighteenth-century novelist Laurence Sterne and the twentieth-century comedy group Monty Python.[39][edit] AdulthoodAs Austen grew into adulthood, she continued to live at her parents' home, carrying out those activities normal for women of her age and social standing: she practiced the pianoforte, assisted her sister and mother with supervising servants, and attended female relatives during childbirth and older relatives on their deathbeds.[40] She sent short pieces of writing to her newborn nieces Fanny Catherine and Jane Anna Elizabeth.[41] Austen was particularly proud of her accomplishments as a seamstress.[42] She also attended church regularly, socialized frequently with friends and neighbours, and read novels—often of her own composition—aloud with her family in the evenings. Socializing with the neighbours often meant dancing, either impromptu in someone's home after supper or at the balls held regularly at the assembly rooms in the town hall.[43] Her brother Henry later said that "Jane was fond of dancing, and excelled in it".[44]In 1793, Austen began and then abandoned a short play, later entitled Sir Charles Grandison or the happy Man, a comedy in 6 acts, which she returned to and completed around 1800. This was a short parody of various school textbook abridgments of Austen's favourite contemporary novel, The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753), by Samuel Richardson.[45] Honan speculates that at some point not long after writing Love and Freindship [sic] in 1789, Austen decided to "write for profit, to make stories her central effort", that is, to become a professional writer.[46] Whenever she made that decision, beginning in about 1793, Austen began to write longer, more sophisticated works.[47]During the period between 1793 and 1795, Austen wrote Lady Susan, a shortepistolary novel, usually described as her most ambitious and sophisticated early work.[48] It is unlike any of Austen's other works. Austen biographer Claire Tomalin describes the heroine of the novella as a sexual predator who uses her intelligence and charm to manipulate, betray, and abuse her victims, whether lovers, friends or family. Tomalin writes: "Told in letters, it is as neatly plotted as a play, and as cynical in tone as any of the most outrageous of the Restoration dramatists who may have provided some of her inspiration....It stands alone in Austen's work as a study of an adult woman whose intelligence and force of character are greater than those of anyone she encounters."[49][edit] Early novelsAfter finishing Lady Susan, Austen attempted her first full-length novel—Elinor and Marianne. Her sister Cassandra later remembered that it was read to the family "before 1796" and was told through a series of letters. Without surviving original manuscripts, there is no way to know how much of the original draft survived in the novel published in 1811 as Sense and Sensibility.[50]Thomas Langlois Lefroy, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, by W. H. Mote (1855); in old age, Lefroy admitted to a nephew that he had been in love with Jane Austen: "It was boyish love."[51]When Austen was twenty-one Tom Lefroy, a nephew of neighbours, visited Steventon from December 1795 to January 1796. He had just finished a university degree and was moving to London to train as a barrister. Lefroy and Austen would have been introduced at a ball or other neighbourhood social gathering, and it is clear from Austen's letters to Cassandra that they spent considerable time together: "I am almost afraid to tell you how my Irish friend and I behaved. Imagine to yourself everything most profligate and shocking in the way of dancing and sitting down together."[52] The Lefroy family intervened and sent him away at the end of January. Marriage was impractical, as both Lefroy and Austen must have known. Neither had any money, and he was dependent on a great-uncle in Ireland tofinance his education and establish his legal career. If Tom Lefroy later visited Hampshire, he was carefully kept away from the Austens, and Jane Austen never saw him again.[53]Austen began work on a second novel, First Impressions, in 1796 and completed the initial draft in August 1797 when she was only 21. (it would later become Pride and Prejudice); as with all of her novels, Austen read the work aloud to her family as she was working on it and it became an "established favourite".[54] At this time, her father made the first attempt to publish one of her novels. In November 1797, George Austen wrote to Thomas Cadell, an established publisher in London, to ask if he would consider publishing "a Manuscript Novel, comprised in three Vols. about the length of Miss Burney's Evelina" (First Impressions) at the author's financial risk. Cadell quickly returned Mr. Austen's letter, marked "Declined by Return of Post". Austen may not have known of her father's efforts.[55] Following the completion of First Impressions, Austen returned to Elinor and Marianne and from November 1797 until mid-1798, revised it heavily; she eliminated the epistolary format in favour of third-person narration and produced something close to Sense and Sensibility.[56]During the middle of 1798, after finishing revisions of Elinor and Marianne, Austen began writing a third novel with the working title Susan—later Northanger Abbey—a satire on the popular Gothic novel.[57] Austen completed her work about a year later. In early 1803, Henry Austen offered Susan to Benjamin Crosby, a London publisher, who paid £10 for the copyright. Crosby promised early publication and went so far as to advertise the book publicly as being "in the press", but did nothing more. The manuscript remained in Crosby's hands, unpublished, until Austen repurchased the copyright from him in 1816.[58]。
简奥斯丁的英语介绍
简奥斯丁的英语介绍Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose realism, biting social commentary and masterful use of free indirect speech, burlesque and irony have earned her a place as one of the most widely read and most beloved writers in English literature.[1]Austen lived her entire life as part of a small and close-knit family located on the lower fringes of English gentry.[2] She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to Austen's development as a professional writer.[3] Austen's artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years until she was about thirty-five years old. During this period, she wrote three major novels and began a fourth.[B] From 1811 until 1815, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published after her death in 1817, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism.[4][C] Austen's plots, though fundamentally comic,[5] highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security.[6] Like those of Samuel Johnson, one of the strongest influences on her writing, her works are concerned with moral issues.[7]During her lifetime, Austen's works brought her little fame and only a few positive reviews. Through the mid-nineteenth century, her novels were admired only by a literary elite. However, the publication of her nephew's A Memoir ofJane Austen in 1869 introduced her life and works to a wider public. By the 1940s, Austen was firmly ensconced in academia as a "great English writer", and the second half of the twentieth century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship that explored many aspects of her novels: artistic, ideological, and historical. In popular culture, a Janeite fan culture has developed, centred on Austen's life, her works, and the various film and television adaptations of them.FamilyJane Austen's father, George Austen (1731–1805), and his wife, Cassandra (1739–1827), were members of substantial gentry families.[13] George was descended from a family of woollen manufacturers which had risen through the professions to the lower ranks of the landed gentry.[14] Cassandra was a member of the prominent Leigh family.[15] From 1765 until 1801, that is, for much of Jane's life, George Austen served as the rector of the Anglican parishes at Steventon, Hampshire and a nearby village. From 1773 until 1796, he supplemented this income by farming and by teaching three or four boys at a time who boarded at his home.[16]Austen's immediate family was large: six brothers—James (1765–1819), George (1766–1838), Edward (1767–1852), Henry Thomas (1771–1850), Francis William (Frank) (1774-1865), Charles John (1779–1852)—and one sister, Cassandra Elizabeth (1773–1845), who, like Jane, died unmarried. Cassandra was Austen's closest friend and confidante throughout her life.[17] Of her brothers, Austen felt closest to Henry, who became a banker and, after his bank failed, an Anglican clergyman. Henry was also his sister's literary agent. His large circle of friends and acquaintances in London included bankers, merchants, publishers, painters, and actors: he provided Austen with a view of social worlds not normally visible from a small parish in rural Hampshire.[18] George was sent to live with a local family at a young age because, as Austen biographer Le Faye describes it, he was "mentally abnormal and subject tofits".[19] He may also have been deaf and dumb.[20] Charles and Frank served in the navy, both rising to the rank of admiral. Edward was brought up by his second cousin Thomas Knight, eventually inheriting Knight's estate and taking his name.[21]Steventon rectory, as depicted in A Memoir of Jane Austen, was in a valley and surrounded by meadows.[22][edit] Early life and educationAusten was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory and publicly christened on 5 April 1776.[23] After a few months at home, her mother placed Austen with a woman living in a nearby village who nursed and raised Austen for a year or eighteen months.[24] In 1783, according to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs Ann Cawley and they moved with her to Southampton later in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane nearly died.[25] Austen was subsequently educated at home, until leaving for boarding school with her sister Cassandra early in 1785. The school curriculum probably included some French, spelling, needlework, dancing and music and, perhaps, drama. By December 1786, Jane and Cassandra had returned home because the Austens could not afford to send both of their daughters to school.[26] Austen acquired the remainder of her education by reading books, guided by her father and her brothers James and Henry.[27] George Austen apparently gave his daughters unfettered access to his large and varied library, was tolerant of Austen's sometimes risqué experiments in writing, and provided both sisters with expensive paper and other materials for their writing and drawing.[28] According to Park Honan, a biographer of Austen, life in the Austen home was lived in "an open, amused, easy intellectual atmosphere" where the ideas of those with whom the Austens might disagree politically or socially were considered and discussed.[29] After returning from school in 1786, Austen "never again lived anywhere beyond the bounds of her immediate family environment".[30]Private theatricals were also a part of Austen's education. From when she was seven until she was thirteen, the family and close friends staged a series of plays, including Richard Sheridan's The Rivals (1775) and David Garrick's Bon Ton. While the details are unknown, Austen would certainly have joined in these activities, as a spectator at first and as a participant when she was older.[31] Most of the plays were comedies, which suggests one way in which Austen's comedic and satirical gifts were cultivated.[32]Portrait of Henry IV. Declaredly written by "a partial, prejudiced & ignorant Historian", The History of England was illustrated by Austen's sister Cassandra (c. 1790).[edit] JuveniliaPerhaps as early as 1787, Austen began to write poems, stories, and plays for her own and her family's amusement.[33] Austen later compiled "fair copies" of 29 of these early works into three bound notebooks, now referred to as the Juvenilia, containing pieces originally written between 1787 and 1793.[34] There is manuscript evidence that Austen continued to work on these pieces as late as the period 1809–11, and that her niece and nephew, Anna and James Edward Austen, made further additions as late as 1814.[35] Among these works are a satirical novel in letters entitled Love and Freindship [sic], in which she mocked popular novels of sensibility,[36] and The History of England, a manuscript of 34 pages accompanied by 13 watercolour miniatures by her sister Cassandra. Austen's "History" parodied popular historical writing, particularly Oliver Goldsmith's History of England (1764).[37] Austen wrote, for example: "Henry the 4th ascended the throne of England much to his own satisfaction in the year 1399, after having prevailed on his cousin & predecessor Richard the 2nd, to resign it to him, & to retire for the rest of his Life to Pomfret Castle, where he happened to be murdered."[38] Austen's Juvenilia are often, according to scholar Richard Jenkyns, "boisterous" and "anarchic"; hecompares them to the work of eighteenth-century novelist Laurence Sterne and the twentieth-century comedy group Monty Python.[39][edit] AdulthoodAs Austen grew into adulthood, she continued to live at her parents' home, carrying out those activities normal for women of her age and social standing: she practiced the pianoforte, assisted her sister and mother with supervising servants, and attended female relatives during childbirth and older relatives on their deathbeds.[40] She sent short pieces of writing to her newborn nieces Fanny Catherine and Jane Anna Elizabeth.[41] Austen was particularly proud of her accomplishments as a seamstress.[42] She also attended church regularly, socialized frequently with friends and neighbours, and read novels—often of her own composition—aloud with her family in the evenings. Socializing with the neighbours often meant dancing, either impromptu in someone's home after supper or at the balls held regularly at the assembly rooms in the town hall.[43] Her brother Henry later said that "Jane was fond of dancing, and excelled in it".[44]In 1793, Austen began and then abandoned a short play, later entitled Sir Charles Grandison or the happy Man, a comedy in 6 acts, which she returned to and completed around 1800. This was a short parody of various school textbook abridgments of Austen's favourite contemporary novel, The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753), by Samuel Richardson.[45] Honan speculates that at some point not long after writing Love and Freindship [sic] in 1789, Austen decided to "write for profit, to make stories her central effort", that is, to become a professional writer.[46] Whenever she made that decision, beginning in about 1793, Austen began to write longer, more sophisticated works.[47]During the period between 1793 and 1795, Austen wrote Lady Susan, a shortepistolary novel, usually described as her most ambitious and sophisticated early work.[48] It is unlike any of Austen's other works. Austen biographer Claire Tomalin describes the heroine of the novella as a sexual predator who uses her intelligence and charm to manipulate, betray, and abuse her victims, whether lovers, friends or family. Tomalin writes: "Told in letters, it is as neatly plotted as a play, and as cynical in tone as any of the most outrageous of the Restoration dramatists who may have provided some of her inspiration....It stands alone in Austen's work as a study of an adult woman whose intelligence and force of character are greater than those of anyone she encounters."[49][edit] Early novelsAfter finishing Lady Susan, Austen attempted her first full-length novel—Elinor and Marianne. Her sister Cassandra later remembered that it was read to the family "before 1796" and was told through a series of letters. Without surviving original manuscripts, there is no way to know how much of the original draft survived in the novel published in 1811 as Sense and Sensibility.[50]Thomas Langlois Lefroy, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, by W. H. Mote (1855); in old age, Lefroy admitted to a nephew that he had been in love with Jane Austen: "It was boyish love."[51]When Austen was twenty-one Tom Lefroy, a nephew of neighbours, visited Steventon from December 1795 to January 1796. He had just finished a university degree and was moving to London to train as a barrister. Lefroy and Austen would have been introduced at a ball or other neighbourhood social gathering, and it is clear from Austen's letters to Cassandra that they spent considerable time together: "I am almost afraid to tell you how my Irish friend and I behaved. Imagine to yourself everything most profligate and shocking in the way of dancing and sitting down together."[52] The Lefroy family intervened and sent him away at the end of January. Marriage was impractical, as both Lefroy and Austen must have known. Neither had any money, and he was dependent on a great-uncle in Ireland tofinance his education and establish his legal career. If Tom Lefroy later visited Hampshire, he was carefully kept away from the Austens, and Jane Austen never saw him again.[53]Austen began work on a second novel, First Impressions, in 1796 and completed the initial draft in August 1797 when she was only 21. (it would later become Pride and Prejudice); as with all of her novels, Austen read the work aloud to her family as she was working on it and it became an "established favourite".[54] At this time, her father made the first attempt to publish one of her novels. In November 1797, George Austen wrote to Thomas Cadell, an established publisher in London, to ask if he would consider publishing "a Manuscript Novel, comprised in three Vols. about the length of Miss Burney's Evelina" (First Impressions) at the author's financial risk. Cadell quickly returned Mr. Austen's letter, marked "Declined by Return of Post". Austen may not have known of her father's efforts.[55] Following the completion of First Impressions, Austen returned to Elinor and Marianne and from November 1797 until mid-1798, revised it heavily; she eliminated the epistolary format in favour of third-person narration and produced something close to Sense and Sensibility.[56]During the middle of 1798, after finishing revisions of Elinor and Marianne, Austen began writing a third novel with the working title Susan—later Northanger Abbey—a satire on the popular Gothic novel.[57] Austen completed her work about a year later. In early 1803, Henry Austen offered Susan to Benjamin Crosby, a London publisher, who paid £10 for the copyright. Crosby promised early publication and went so far as to advertise the book publicly as being "in the press", but did nothing more. The manuscript remained in Crosby's hands, unpublished, until Austen repurchased the copyright from him in 1816.[58]。
介绍简奥斯汀的英语作文
介绍简奥斯汀的英语作文Jane Austen, an iconic figure in English literature, is celebrated for her astute observations of society and her witty prose. Born in 1775, she penned novels that have stood the test of time, reflecting the manners and mores of the early 19th century.Her novels, such as "Pride and Prejudice" and "Sense and Sensibility," are renowned for their exploration of themes like love, marriage, and social status. Austen's characters are complex and relatable, often navigating the intricate social codes of the era with both grace and humor.Austen's writing style is characterized by her use of irony and satire, which she employs to critique the social norms of her time. Her sharp dialogues and detailed descriptions of daily life provide readers with an intimate look into the lives of her characters.Despite facing numerous challenges, including thesocietal expectations of women and the constraints of her time, Austen's work has transcended generations. Her influence can be seen in the works of many contemporary authors who continue to draw inspiration from her timeless narratives.In her brief life, Austen left an indelible mark on the literary world. Her novels continue to be studied and enjoyedby readers of all ages, a testament to the enduring appeal of her storytelling and the universality of her themes.Her legacy is not only found in the pages of her novels but also in the cultural impact she has had, inspiring adaptations, films, and even a devoted fan base known as "Janeites." Austen's work remains a cornerstone of English literature, cherished for its depth, wit, and enduring relevance.。
Jane Austen 简奥斯丁
Jane Austen 简•奥斯丁(1775-1817)：◆Introduction：奥斯丁兄弟姐妹八人。
父亲在该地担任了四十多年的教区长。
他是个学问渊博的牧师，妻子出身于比较富有的家庭，也具有一定的文化修养。
因此，奥斯丁虽然没有进过正规学校，但是家庭的优良条件和读书环境，给了她自学的条件，培养了她写作的兴趣。
她在十三四岁就开始写东西，显示了她在语言表达方面的才能。
奥斯丁终身未婚，家道小康。
由于居住在乡村小镇，接触到的是中小地主、牧师等人物以及他们恬静、舒适的生活环境，因此她的作品里没有重大的社会矛盾。
她以女性特有的细致入微的观察力，真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地，尤其是绅士淑女间的婚姻和爱情风波。
她的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有戏剧性冲突，深受读者欢迎。
简·奥斯丁是“第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡人物的小说家”，（她的作品）反映了当时英国中产阶级生活的喜剧，显示了‘家庭’文学的可能性。
她多次探索青年女主角从恋爱到结婚中自我发现的过程。
这种着力分析人物性格以及女主角和社会之间紧张关系的做法，使她的小说摆脱十八世纪的传统而接近于现代的生活。
现代评论家也赞佩奥斯丁小说的高超的组织结构，以及她能于平凡而狭窄有限的情节中揭示生活的悲喜剧的精湛技巧。
她的小说出现在19世纪初叶，一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流，继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统，为19世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备。
在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义，被誉为地位“可与莎士比亚平起平坐的作家。
”◆Works：Sense and Sensibility, 1811 《理智与情感》(又名)《理性与感性》Pride and Prejudice, 1813 《傲慢与偏见》（原名：《最初的印象》First Impression）Mansfield Park, 1814 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》Emma, 1816 《爱玛》Northanger Abbey, 1818 《诺桑觉寺》Persuasion, 1818 《劝导》◆Appreciation: Pride and Prejudice,《傲慢与偏见》CHAPTER 1It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.“My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?"Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.“But it is,” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.”Mr. Bennet made no answer.“Do not you want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently.“Y ou want to tell me, and I h ave no objection to hearing it.”This was invitation enough.“Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the northagreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week."“What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”“How so? How can it affect them?”“My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”“Is th at his design in settling here?”“Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes."“I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party."“My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give o ver thinking of her own beauty.”“In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of.”“But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when h e comes into the neighbourhood.”“It is more than I engage for, I ass ure you.”“But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general you know they visit no new comers. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him, if you do not.”“You are over scrupulous, surely. I dare say Mr. Bingley will be very glad to see you; and I will send a few lines by you to assure him of my hearty consent to his marrying whichever he chooses of the girls; though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.”“I desire you will do no such thing. Lizzy is not a bit better than the others; and I am sure she is not half so handsome as Jane, nor half so good humoured as Lydia. But you are always giving her the preference."“They have none of them much to recommend them,” replied he; “they are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters.”“Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such a way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion for my poor nerves.”“You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these last twenty years at least.”“Ah! You do not know what I suffer.”“But I hope you will get over it, and live to see many young men of four thousand a year come into the neighbourhood.”“It will be no use to us, if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them.”“Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty, I will visit them all.”Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.其它浪漫主义诗歌赏析:The Sick Rose-------William BlakeO Rose, thou art sick.The invisible wormThat flies in the nightIn the howling stormHas found out thy bedOf crimson joy,And his dark secret loveDoes thy life destroy.A Red, Red Rose-------Robert Burns1O, my luve’s like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in June. O, my luve’s like the melodie,That’s sweetly play’d in tune.2As fair art thou, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I,And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’the seas gang dry.3Till a’the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun, O, I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o’life shall run.4And fare thee weel, my only luve,And fare thee weel a while! And I will come again, my luve,Tho’ it were ten thousand mile!She Walks in Beauty-------ByronShe walks in beauty, like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes:Thus mellow’d to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impair’d the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress,Or softly lightens o’er her face;Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent,A mind at peace with all below.A heart whose love is innocent!。
janeausten英文简介
jane austen英文简介简·奥斯汀，英国女小说家，英国女小说家，主要作品有《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
下面是店铺给大家整理的jane austen英文简介，供大家参阅!jane austen简介Jane Austen (December 16, 1775 - July 18, 1817), the British female novelist, the main works are "arrogance and prejudice", "reason and emotion" and so on.Jane Austen wrote her first novel at the age of 21, titled "The Initial Impression", she publishes the publisher with no results. In this year, she began to write "Eleanor and Marian", after she wrote "Nuosangjue Temple", written in 1799. Ten years later, the "initial impression" was rewritten, renamed "arrogance and prejudice", "Eleanor and Marianne" after rewriting, renamed "reason and emotion", were published. As for the "Nuosangjue Temple", the author did not book a lifetime. These three are Austen pre-works, written in her hometown of Steventon. Her later works are also three: "Mansfield Manor", "Emma" and "persuasion", are the author moved to Joe Dayton after the make. The first two have been published, only 1816 completed the "persuasion", because the author is not satisfied with the original outcome, to rewrite, not published. After her death, the brother Henry Austin was responsible for the publication of the "Nuosangjue Temple" and "persuasion", and for the first time with Jane Austen this real name.jane austen人物经历Jane Austen, born in December 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, and eight brothers and sisters.The father served as the chief of the parish for more thanforty years. He is a profound knowledge of the priest, his wife was born in the more wealthy family, but also has a certain cultural accomplishment. Therefore, although Austin did not enter the formal school, but the family's excellent conditions and reading environment, gave her self-learning conditions, cultivate her writing interest. She began to write something at the age of thirteen, showing her talent in language. In 1800 the father retired, the family moved to Bath, Austin does not like this place, she was said to have suffered torture torture. Here, Austin rejected a young man who would inherit the great fortune, because she did not love him. Lived for four years or so, his father died in the place, so Austin and mother, sister and moved to Southampton, 1809 and then moved to Jordon. In early 1816 she was seriously ill, the body is weakening, in May 1817 was sent to Winchester for treatment, but the treatment is invalid, in the same year on July 18 died in her sister's arms. She was unmarried for the rest of her life and was buried in Winchester Cathedral jane austen创作特点Theme of the workAustin's characters are fictional, but they all reflect Austen's own view of marriage. The changes in the era of Austin life, social, economic and political changes have affected the various classes. At that time, the rural aristocracy and the landlord youth also reflected some ideas on human nature and humanity after the rise of the Renaissance. For example, "arrogance and prejudice" in the Elizabeth fully embodies Austen's longing for the love and marriage model, Elizabeth and Darcy in the exchanges, advocating the principle of equality between men and women, abandon the traditional male superiority view, and that noble feelings are people's normal need. At the same time, Austin'sideal marriage in addition to equality, respect, there is freedom and understanding, she hopes to help people get rid of the shackles of traditional thinking, to find themselves, to achieve self.Artistic characteristicsAusten's style of work is so witty, full of comedy. Because Austin life for the rest of his life in the feudal forces of the powerful village, coupled with well-off family, so the circle of life is very small. Which makes her works are often confined to the ordinary gentry daughter love the story of marriage, and her works to some extent reflect the feudal forces point of view. The work mainly through the ladies gentlemen's social communication, daily dialogue to reflect the family and social moral standards. Which makes Austen's work for a long time considered to be popular books. However, although Austen's work is likened to "two-inch ivory carvings", but she still through the gentleman's daily conversation and communication to reflect the social attitudes at that time, with humorous language to irony mercenary, love vanity phenomenon , Through the comic scenes ridicule people stupid, selfish, snobbish and blind self-confidence and other ridiculous weaknesses.。
简奥斯丁 英文作文
简奥斯丁英文作文英文：Jane Austen is one of the most famous English novelists in history. Her novels, such as Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, are still widely read today. I believe that her enduring popularity is due to her ability to create relatable characters and situations.For example, in Pride and Prejudice, the character of Elizabeth Bennet is a strong-willed and independent woman who is not afraid to speak her mind. She faces societal pressure to marry for money and status, but ultimately chooses love and happiness. This theme of choosing one's own path in life is something that many people can relate to.In addition, Austen's use of wit and humor in her writing adds to the appeal of her novels. The dialogue between characters is often sharp and witty, and there aremany memorable one-liners that have become part of the English language.中文：简·奥斯汀是历史上最著名的英国小说家之一。
Pride and Prejudice-简·奥斯汀傲慢与偏见英文简介 作者简介
★bright, attractive, thoughtful, humorous, sympathetic, independent little woman, whose sunny qualities are unconsciously reflected in all her books.
Jane Austen
Life
Career
Characteristics of Her
works
Quotations
1775 born at Steventon rectory, Hampshire,England 1817, Jane was sent to Winchester to take the treatment by her sister,but at last she die and buried in Winchester Cathedral, unmarried 1816,Jane caught the tuberculosis
Characteristics of Her Works
---her heroines return society to a more moderate course as a reaction to 18th century sentimentalism ---wit and irony provide stability because they regulate conduct ---Cosmic order in courtship and marriage
• So Elizebeth'accuses him of being responsible for the separation between Mr. Bingley and Jane, her sister and of ill-treating Mr. Wickham , a young officer who was the son of Darcy’s former steward because when Darcy shows his love he cannot help showing contempt for her inferior social position . • After Elizebeth'’s refusal of him, Darcy writes a letter where he explains that Wickham was an unscrupolous adventurer.
简奥斯汀英语介绍
简奥斯汀英语介绍Born on December 16, 1775, in Steventon, Hampshire, Jane Austen was the seventh of eight children. Her father, George Austen, was a country clergyman, and her mother, Cassandra Leigh Austen, came from a prominent family. Jane and her siblings grew up in a close-knit and intellectual household, where they were encouraged to read and explore their creative talents.Austen began writing at an early age, and her early works, such as "Love and Friendship" and "Lesley Castle," showcased her talent for satire and irony. However, it was her novels that would ultimately bring her fame. Austen's works are known for their keen observations of social customs and norms, as well as their exploration of themes such as love, marriage, and class.While the themes of love and marriage are central toAusten's novels, her works go beyond mere romantic plots. Austen explores the role of women in society, their limited opportunities for independence, and the consequences of societal expectations. Her heroines, such as Elizabeth Bennet and Emma Woodhouse, challenge these conventions and carve out their own paths in a society that often stifles their desires and ambitions.。
简·奥斯汀英文介绍
Most of us are familiar with Jane’s works such as sense and sensibility, pride and prejudice. But little do we know about Jane. Now I will give a brief introduction to Jane.Jane Austen, born on 16 December,1775,at the rectory in the village of Steventon , in Hampshire , is one of the best-known novelists in English literature. She was tutored mainly at home by her father and brothers . Due to her poor health,she died on July,18,1817. The language in her works is simple, witty and with quiet irony, which can strike a sympathetic chord in the hearts of its audiences .Her works are mostly about love and marriage in the view of woman . But during her42years’life,she didn’t get married, which shows her belief that a marriage without love will never be happy.As is reflected in the film , she was an independent woman who endeavored to live by her pen instead of marrying a rich man . What makes me desire most is her reble spirit. People valued the propriety highly in that time. But Jane played cricket ball with the male, strolled around the fair and even eloped with her lover.She broke the boundary of propriety. In 18th century, people looked down upon female writing, it was said that to have a wife who has a mind is considered not quite proper . In spite of that , she insisted on writing ,and finally succeeded. Virginia Woolf thought highly of her, regarding her as "the most perfect artist among women." How admirable!If you feel like getting a further understanding about Jane Austen , I sincerely recommend this film to you.欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
英国文学第九讲-简-奥斯丁
1. The Main Plot:
The story centers around the Bennet family---Mr. & Mrs. Bennet and their five grown-up daughters.
Bingley falls in love with Jane.
Darcy belittles Elizabeth and hurts her dignity by refusing to dance with her.
Later, however, he falls in love with Elizabeth for her wisdom.
3. Austen’s writing feature:
• powers of perceptiveness. • Her novels are simply stories of the lives
and thoughts of the commonplace people of the upper middle class in the country.
• Subject matters:
• money and marriage.
• Style:
• clarity, economy, skillful use of dialogue, very tight plotting.
• “the little bit of ivory on which I work with so fine a brush, as produces litter effect after much labor.”
简.奥斯汀英文介绍
•
Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love。 治愈情伤最好的药就是友谊带来的安慰。 Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance。 幸福的婚姻都是靠碰运气赚来的。 How quick come the reasons for approving what we like! 想给我们的喜好找个理由时，脑袋转的是最快的。 I do not want people to be very agreeable, as it saves me the trouble of liking them a great deal。 我不希望遇到好相处的人，因为我会很喜欢很喜欢 他们，喜欢别人可是件大麻烦。 Life seems but a quick succession of busy nothings。 生活就是一连串的无事忙。 We do not look in our great cities for our best morality。 繁荣的大都市里，没有道德情操这一说。 What is right to be done cannot be done too soon。 越该做的事，就越急不得。
The story follows the main character Elizabeth Bennet as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage in the society of the landed gentry of early 19th-century England. Elizabeth is the second of five daughters of a country gentleman living near the fictional town of Meryton in Hertfordshire, near London.
Jane Austen简介翻译
简·奥斯汀出生于英国乡下小镇的一个乡绅家庭。她的整个生活都与这个关系融洽的家庭相连。简·奥斯汀主要由她的父亲和哥哥教育，同时也通过自己的阅读来学习。家人的坚定支持也是她能成一名为专业作家的至关重要的因素。她的艺术学徒生涯从少年时期持续到三十多岁。在此期间，她尝试了各种文艺形式，包括最终被她放弃的书信体小说。之后，简写了三部小说，并进行了大量的修订，随后开始创作她的第四本小说。从1811年到1816年，《理智与情感》（1811），《傲慢与偏见》（1813），《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（1814），《爱玛》（1816）共四部作品面世，简成功地成为了一名出版作家。除此之外，她还写了《诺桑觉寺》、《劝导》以及最终被命名为《Sanditon》散步小说，前两部小说都是在简死的第二年（1818）年出版的，遗憾的是简死亡之前并未完成最后一步小说的创作。
Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the Englishlan primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer. Her artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years into her thirties. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including theepistolary novelwhich she then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth. From 1811 until 1816, with the release ofSense and Sensibility(1811),Pride and Prejudice(1813),Mansfield Park(1814) andEmma(1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels,Northanger AbbeyandPersuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titledSanditon, but died before completing it.
Pride and Prejudice-简·奥斯汀傲慢与偏见英文简介 作者简介分解
• Darcy.Bingley's friend($)
• extremly arrogant.
• deemed all of Banner's daughters were unquailified to dance with him.
However,felt in love with Jane's sister Elizabeth and gruadually changed his attitude.
Pride & Prejudice
Plot
Author
Background
Character Themes
Plot Overview
Once upon a time,there was a villager called Bennet who had five unmarried daughters.Bannet's wife always tried to find husbands who were suitable for their daughters.
Engraving of Steventon rectory, home of the Austen family during much of Jane Austen's lifetime
The cottage in Chawton where Jane Austen lived during the last eight years of her life, now Jane Austen's House Museum
• After Elizebeth'’s refusal of him, Darcy writes a letter where he explains that Wickham was an unscrupolous adventurer.
介绍简奥斯汀的英语作文
介绍简奥斯汀的英语作文Jane Austen, a renowned English novelist, is best known for her six major novels including "Pride and Prejudice", "Sense and Sensibility", and "Emma". Her works are celebrated for their social commentary, wit, and keen observations of human nature. Born in 1775 in Hampshire, England, Austen grew up in a close-knit family and received a comprehensive education, which was uncommon for women of her time. Despite facing the limitations placed on women in the 19th century, Austen pursued her passion for writing and went on to become one of the most influential literary figures in history.Austen's novels often explore the societal norms and customs of the Georgian era, particularly the role of women in a patriarchal society. Her protagonists are oftenstrong-willed and independent women who defy societal expectations, challenging the status quo. Through her sharp wit and insightful storytelling, Austen sheds light on the hypocrisy and superficiality of the upper class, while also highlighting the importance of love, marriage, and individual happiness.One of Austen's most beloved works, "Pride and Prejudice", is a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers around the world. The novel follows the tumultuous relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, and is celebrated for its sharp social commentary, memorable characters, and enduring romance. Austen's keen understanding of human nature and her ability to craft compelling narratives have solidified her reputation as a literary genius.In addition to her literary achievements, Austen's personal life and experiences have also contributed to her enduring legacy. Though she never married, her letters and personal writings reveal a keen sense of humor and a deep understanding of human emotions. Her portrayal of love and relationships in her novels is often seen as a reflection of her own views and experiences, adding depth and authenticity to her work.In conclusion, Jane Austen's impact on literature and popular culture is immeasurable. Her timeless novels continue to inspire and entertain readers of all ages, and her legacy as a pioneering female author lives on. Throughher insightful social commentary and memorable characters, Austen's work remains as relevant and beloved today as it was during her lifetime.简·奥斯汀，一位著名的英国小说家，以她的六部主要小说《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《艾玛》而闻名。
简。奥斯丁 英文版
Characteristics of Austen’s WritingsJane Austen is known as an English writer, who first gave the novel its modern character through the treatment of everyday life.Although Austen was widely read in her lifetime, she published her works anonymously. The most urgent preoccupation of her bright, young heroines is courtship and finally marriage. Austen herself never married. Her best-known books include PRIDE AND PREJUDICE (1813) and EMMA (1816). Virginia Woolf called Austen "the most perfect artist among women."Austen was well connected with the middling-rich landed gentry that she portrayed in her novels. In Chawton she started to write her major works, among them SENSE AND SENSIBILITY, the story of the impoverished Dashwood sisters,and Elinor, who try to find proper husbands to secure their social position. The novel was written in 1797 as the revision of a sketch called Elinor and Marianne, composed when the author was 20. According to some sources, an earlier version of the work was written in the form of a novel in letters, and read aloud to the family as early as 1795.Austen's heroines are determined to marry wisely and well, but romantic Marianne of Sense and Sensibility is a character, who feels intensely about everything and loses her heart to an irresponsible seducer. "I could not be happy with a man whose taste did not in every point coincide with my own. He must enter into all my feelings; the with books, the same music must charm us both." Reasonable Elinor falls in love with a gentleman already engaged. '"I have frequently detected myself in such kind of mistakes," said Elinor, "in a total misapprehension of character in some point or another: fancying people so much more gay or grave, or ingenious or stupid than they really are, and I can hardly tell why or in what the deception originated. Sometimes one is guided by what they say of themselves, and very frequently by what other people say of them, without giving oneself time to deliberate and judge."' When Marianne likes to read and express her feelings, Elinor prefers to draw and design and be silent of his desires. They are the daughters of Henry Dashwood, whose son, John, from a former marriage. After his death, John inherits the Norland estate in Sussex, where the sisters live. John's wife, the greedy and selfish Fanny, insists that they move to Norland. The impoverished widow and her daughters move to Barton Cottage in Devonshire. Marianne is surrounded by a devious heartbreaker Willoughby, who has already loved another woman. Elinor becomes interested in Edward Ferrars, who is proud and ignorant. Colonel Brandon, an older gentleman, doesn't attract Marianne. She is finally rejected by Willoughby. "Marianne Dashwood was born to an extraordinary fate. She was born to discover the falsehood of her own opinions, and to counteract, by her conduct, her most favorite maxims."In all of Austen's novels her heroines are ultimately married. Pride and Prejudice described the clash between Elisabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman and an intelligent young woman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a rich aristocratic landowner.Their relationship starts from dislike, but Darcy becomes intrigued by her mind and spirit.At last they fall in love and are happily united. Austen had completed the early version of the story in 1797 under the title "First Impressions". The book went to three printings during Austen's lifetime. In 1998 appeared a sequel to the novel, entitled Desire and Duty, written by Teddy F. Bader, et al. It followed the ideas Jane Austen told her family. Emma was written in comic tone. Austen begun the novel in January 1814 and completed it in March of the next year. The book was published in three volumes. It told the story of Emma Woodhouse, who finds her destiny in marriage. Emma is a wealthy, pretty, self-satisfied young woman. She is left alone with her hypochondriac father. Her governess, Miss Taylor, marries a neighbor, Mr. Weston. Emma has too much time and she spends it choosing proper partners for her friends and neighbors - blind to her own feelings. She makes a protégée of Harriet Smith, an illegitimate girl of no social status and tries to manipulate a marriage between Harriet and Mr. Elton, a young clergyman, who has set his sight on Emma. Emma has feelings about Mr. Weston's son. When Harriet becomes interested in George Knightley, a neighboring squire who has been her friend, Emma starts to understand her own limitations. He has been her moral adviser, and secretly loves her. Finally Emma finds her destiny in marriage with him. Harriet, who is left to decide for herself, marries Robert Martin, a young farmer.Austen focused on middle-class provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted minor landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, in which marriage mainly determined women's social status. Most important forher were those little matters, as Emma says, "on which the daily happiness of private life depends." Although Austen restricted to family matters, and she passed the historical events of the Napoleonic wars, her wit and observant narrative touch has been inexhaustible delight to readers. Of her six great novels, four were published anonymously during her lifetime. Austen also had troubles with her publisher, who wanted to make alterations to her love scenes in Pride and Prejudice. In 1811 he wrote to Thomas Egerton: "You say the book is indecent. You say I am immodest. But Sir in the depiction of love, modesty is the fullness of truth; and decency frankness; and so I must also be with you, and ask that you remove my name from the title page in all future printings; 'A lady' will do well enough."简·奥斯丁对女性婚姻的研究和态度Marriage and the Alternatives: The Status of Women"Single women have a dreadful propensity for being poor, which is one very strong argument in favour of matrimony"-- Jane Austen, letter of March 13, 1816In Jane Austen's time, there was no real way for young women of the "genteel" classes to strike out on their own or be independent. Professions, the universities, politics, etc. were not open to women (thus Elizabeth's opinion "that though this great lady [Lady Catherine] was not in the commission of the peace for the county, she was a most active magistrate in her own parish" is ironic, since of course no woman could be a justice of the peace or magistrate). Few occupations were open to them -- and those few that were (such as being a governess, i.e. a live-in teacher for the daughters or young children of a family) were not highly respected, and did not generally pay well or have very good working conditions: Jane Austen wrote, in a letter of April 30th 1811, about a governess hired by her brother Edward: "By this time I suppose she is hard at it, governing away -- poor creature! I pity her, tho' they are my neices"; and the patronizing Mrs. Elton in Emma is "astonished" that Emma's former governess is "so very lady-like ... quite the gentlewoman" (as opposed to being like a servant).Therefore most "genteel" women could not get money except by marrying for it or inheriting it (and since the eldest son generally inherits the bulk of an estate, as the "heir", a woman can only really be a "heiress" if she has no brothers). Only a rather small number of women were what could be called professionals, who though their own efforts earned an income sufficient to make themselves independent, or had a recognized career (Jane Austen herself was not really one of these few women professionals -- during the last six years of her life she earned an average of a little more than £100 a year by her novel-writing, but her family's expenses were four times this amount, and she did not meet with other authors or move in literary circles).And unmarried women also had to live with their families, or with family-approved protectors -- it is almost unheard of for a genteel youngish and never-married female to live by herself, even if she happened to be a heiress (Lady Catherine: "Young women should always be properly guarded and attended, according to their situation in life"). So Queen Victoria had to have her mother living with her in the palace in the late 1830's, until she married Albert (though she and her mother actually were not even on speaking terms during that period). Only in the relatively uncommon case of an orphan heiress who has already inherited (i.e. who has "come of age" and whose father and mother are both dead), can a young never-married female set herself up as the head of a household (and even here she must hire a respectable older lady to be a "companion").When a young woman leaves her family without their approval (or leaves the relatives or family-approved friends or school where she has been staying), this is always very serious -- a symptom of a radical break, such as running away to marry a disapproved husband, or entering into an illicit relationship (as when Lydia leaves the Forsters to run away with Wickham); when Frederica Susanna Vernon runs away from her boarding school in Lady Susan, it is to try to escape from her overbearing mother's authority completely.Therefore, a woman who did not marry could generally only look forward to living with her relatives as a `dependant' (more or less Jane Austen's situation), so that marriage is pretty much the only way of ever getting out from under the parental roof -- unless, of course, her family could not support her, in which case she could face the unpleasant necessity of going to live with employers as a `dependant' governess or teacher, or hired "lady's companion". A woman with no relations or employer was in danger of slipping off the scale of gentility altogether (thus Mrs. and Miss Bates in Emma are kept at some minimal level of "respectability" only through the informal charity of neighbours). And in general, becoming an "old maid" was not considered a desirable fate (so when Charlotte Lucas, at age 27, marries Mr. Collins, her brothers are "relieved from their apprehension of Charlotte's dying an old maid", and Lydia says "Jane will be quite an old maid soon, I declare. She is almost three and twenty!"). ( See also the reflections on the recompenses of old-maidhood from Jane Austen's Emma, published in 1815 when she was herself 39 years old and never-married.)Given all this, some women were willing to marry just because marriage was the only allowed route to financial security, or to escape an uncongenial family situation. This is the dilemma discussed in following exchange between the relatively impoverished sisters Emma and Elizabeth Watson in Jane Austen's The Watsons:Emma:"To be so bent on marriage -- to pursue a man merely for the sake of a situation -- is a sort of thing that shocks me; I cannot understand it. Poverty is a great evil, but to a woman of education and feeling it ought not, it cannot be the greatest. -- I would rather be a teacher in a school (and I can think of nothing worse) than marry a man I did not like."Elizabeth:"I have been at school, Emma, and know what a life they lead; you never have. -- I should not like marrying a disagreeable man any more than yourself, -- but I do not think there are many disagreeable men; -- I think I could like any good-humoured man with a comfortable income. -- [you are] rather refined."In Pride and Prejudice, the dilemma is expressed most clearly by the character Charlotte Lucas, whose pragmatic views on marrying are voiced several times in the novel: "Without thinking highly either of men or of matrimony, marriage had always been her object; it was the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune, and however uncertain of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest preservative from want." She is 27, not especially beautiful (according to both she herself and Mrs. Bennet), and without an especially large "portion", and so decides to marry Mr. Collins "from the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment".All this has more point because Jane Austen herself was relatively "portionless" (which apparently prevented one early mutual attraction from becoming anything serious), and once turned down a proposal of marriage from a fairly prosperous man.In addition to all these reasons why the woman herself might wish to be married, there could also be family pressure on her to be married. In Pride and Prejudice this issue is treated comically, since Mrs. Bennet is so silly, and so conspicuously unsupported by her husband, but that such family pressure could be a serious matter is seen from Sir Thomas's rantings to Fanny Price to persuade her to marry Henry Crawford in Mansfield Park.There are also the more trivial attractions of the married state: Isabella Thorpe of Northanger Abbey "knew enough [about what her father-in-law-to-be would contribute] to feel secure of an honourable and speedy establishment, and her imagination took a rapid flight over its attendant felicities. She saw herself at the end of a few weeks, the gaze and admiration of every new acquaintance at Fullerton, the envy of every valued old friend in Putney, with a carriage at her command, a new name on her tickets [visiting cards], and a brilliant exhibition of hoop rings on her finger."Similarly, according to Mr. Collins: "This young gentleman [Darcy] is blessed with every thing the heart of mortal can most desire, -- splendid property, noble kindred, and extensive patronage". And when Lydia is to be married, Mrs. Bennet's "thoughts and her words ran wholly on those attendants of elegant nuptials, fine muslins, new carriages, and servants". And on Elizabeth's marriage she exclaims: "What pin-money, what jewels, what carriages you will have! ... A house in town! ... Ten thousand a year! ... I shall go distracted!" (See also The Three Sisters.)Jane Austen expresses her opinion on all this clearly enough by the fact that only her silliest characters have such sentiments (while Mr. Bennet says "He is rich, to be sure, and you may have more fine clothes and fine carriages than Jane. But will they make you happy?"). However, Jane Austen does not intend to simply condemn Charlotte Lucas (who finds consolation in "her home and her housekeeping, her parish and her poultry, and all their dependent concerns") for marrying Mr. Collins -- Charlotte's dilemma is a real one.The Life of Jane AustenJane Austen was born in Steventon, Hampshire, where her father, Rev. George Austen, was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight. The Austens did not lose a single one of their children. Cassandra Leigh, Jane's mother, fed her infants at the breast a few months, and then sent them to a wet nurse in a nearby village to be looked after for another year or longer.The first 25 years of her life Jane spent in Hampshire. On her father's unexpected retirement, the family sold off everything, including Jane's piano, and moved to Bath. Jane, aged twenty-five, and Cassandra, her elder sister, aged twenty-eight, were considered by contemporary standards confirmed old maid, and followed their parents.Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. She started to write for family amusement as a child. Her parents were avid readers; Austen's own favorite poet was Cowper. Her earliest-known writings date from about 1787. Very shy about her writing, she wrote on small pieces of paper that she slipped under the desk plotter if anyone came into the room. In her letters she observed the daily life of her family and friends in an intimate and gossipy manner: "James danced with Alethea, and cut up the turkey last night with great perseverance. You say nothing of the silk stockings; I flatter myself, therefore, that Charles has not purchased any, as I cannot very well afford to pay for them; all my money is spent in buying white gloves and pink persian." (Austen in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1796) Austen's father supported his daughter's writing aspirations and tried to help her get a publisher. After his death in 1805, she lived with her sister and hypochondriac mother in Southampton and moved in 1809 to a large cottage in the village of Chawton. Austen never married, but her social life was active and she had suitors and romantic dreams. James Edward Austen-Leigh, her nephew, wanted to create another kind of legend around her and claimed that "of events her life was singularly barren: few changes and no great crises ever broke the smooth current of its course... There was in her nothing eccentric or angular; no ruggedness of temper; no singularity of manner..." Austen's sister Cassandra also never married. One of her brothers became a clergyman, two served in the navy, one was mentally retarded. He was taken care of a local family.At her death on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, at the age of forty-one, Austen was writing the unfinished SANDITON. She managed to write twelve chapters before stopping in March 18, due to her poor health.Austen was buried in Winchester Cathedral, near the centre of the north aisle. "It is a satisfaction to me to think that [she is] to lie in a Building she admired so much," Austen's sister Cassandra wrote later. Cassandra destroyed many of her sister's letters; one hundred sixty survived but none written earlier than her tentieth birthday. Austen's brother Henry made her authorship public after her death. Emma had been reviewed favorably by Sir Walter Scott, who wrote in his journal of March 14, 1826: "[Miss Austen] had a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I have ever met with. The Big Bow-Wow strain I can do myself like any now going; but the exquisite touch, which renders ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting, from the truth of the description and the sentiment, is denied to me." Charlotte Brontëand E.B. Browning found her limited, and Elizabeth Hardwick said: "I don't think her superb intelligence brought her happiness." It was not until the publication of J.E. Austen-Leigh's Memoir in 1870 that a Jane Austen cult began to develop. Austen'sunfinished Sanditon was published in 1925.简·奥斯汀（1775年12月6日～1817年7月18日），（Austen，Jane）英国作家。
简奥斯汀英文简介
Northanger Abbey (1818)
Persuasion (1819)
Sense and Senibility(1811）
Pride and Prejudice （1813）
Mansfield Park (1814)
Emma（1815）
Northanger Abbey (1818）
One of the most widely read writers in English literature
A Novelist for Everyone
When Shakespeare and Dickens have sunk into venerability, Austen, on the other hand, has become our contemporuseum
Jane Austen’s Works
Master Works
Sense and Sensibility (1811) Pride and Prejudice Mansfield Park (1814) Emma (1815)
Persuasion（1819）
Writing Style
Theme ：Mostly about love and marriage of middle-class people. Language ：Simple, humorous, witty and with quiet irony. One of the realistic novelists.
Jane Austen’s Life
Austen’s Hometown
Jane Austen(1775-1817) was born at the rectory in the village of Steventon, in Hampshire. She never attended to a formal school. She was educated mainly at home by her father and brothers.
简奥斯汀英文简介及作品评论
你自己看一下，提取你认为要演讲的东西。
读一遍对你有好处，等演讲完了别人问你问题也好回答。
Jane Austen (1775-1817)English writer, who first gave the novel its modern character through the treatment of everyday life. Although Austen was widely read in her lifetime, she published her works anonymously. The most urgent preoccupation of her bright, young heroines is courtship and finally marriage. Austen herself never married. Her best-known books include PRIDE AND PREJUDICE (1813) and EMMA (1816). Virginia Woolf called Austen "the most perfect artist among women.""It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." (from Pride and Prejudice, 1813)Jane Austen was born in Steventon, Hampshire, where her father, Rev. George Austen, was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight. The Austens did not lose a single one of their children. Cassandra Leigh, Jane's mother, fed her infants at the breast a few months, and then sent them to a wet nurse in a nearby village to be looked after for another year or longer.The first 25 years of her life Jane spent in Hampshire. On her father's unexpected retirement, the family sold off everything, including Jane's piano, and moved to Bath. Jane, aged twenty-five, and Cassandra, her elder sister, aged twenty-eight, were considered by contemporary standards confirmed old maid, and followed their parents.Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. She started to write for family amusement as a child. Her parents were avid readers; Austen's own favorite poet was Cowper. Her earliest-known writings date from about 1787. Very shy about her writing, she wrote on small pieces of paper that she slipped under the desk plotter if anyone came into the room. In her letters she observed the daily life of her family and friends in an intimate and gossipy manner: "James danced with Alethea, and cut up the turkey last night with great perseverance. You say nothing of the silk stockings; I flatter myself, therefore, that Charles has not purchased any, as I cannot very well afford to pay for them; all my money is spent in buying white gloves and pink persian." (Austen in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1796)Austen's father supported his daughter's writing aspirations and tried to help her get a publisher. After his death in 1805, she lived with her sister and hypochondriac mother in Southampton and moved in 1809 to a large cottage in the village of Chawton. Austen never married, but her social life was active and she had suitors and romantic dreams. James Edward Austen-Leigh, her nephew, wanted to create another kind of legend around her and claimed that "of events her life was singularly barren: few changes and no great crises ever broke the smooth current of its course... There was in her nothing eccentric or angular; no ruggedness of temper; no singularity of manner..." Austen's sister Cassandra also never married. One of her brothers became a clergyman, two served in the navy, one was mentally retarded. He was taken care of a local family.Austen was well connected with the middling-rich landed gentry that she portrayed in her novels.In Chawton she started to write her major works, among them SENSE AND SENSIBILITY, the story of the impoverished Dashwood sisters, Marianne and Elinor, who try to find proper husbands to secure their social position. The novel was written in 1797 as the revision of a sketch called Elinor and Marianne, composed when the author was 20. According to some sources, an earlier version of the work was written in the form of a novel in letters, and read aloud to the family as early as 1795.Austen's heroines are determined to marry wisely and well, but romantic Marianne of Sense and Sensibility is a character, who feels intensely about everything and loses her heart to an irresponsible seducer. "I could not be happy with a man whose taste did not in every point coincide with my own. He must enter into all my feelings; the same with books, the same music must charm us both." Reasonable Elinor falls in love with a gentleman already engaged. '"I have frequently detected myself in such kind of mistakes," said Elinor, "in a total misapprehension of character in some point or another: fancying people so much more gay or grave, or ingenious or stupid than they really are, and I can hardly tell why or in what the deception originated. Sometimes one is guided by what they say of themselves, and very frequently by what other people say of them, without giving oneself time to deliberate and judge."' When Marianne likes to read and express her feelings, Elinor prefers to draw and design and be silent of his desires. They are the daughters of Henry Dashwood, whose son, John, from a former marriage. After his death, John inherits the Norland estate in Sussex, where the sisters live. John's wife, the greedy and selfish Fanny, insists that they move to Norland. The impoverished widow and and her daughters move to Barton Cottage in Devonshire. There Marianne is surrounded by a devious heartbreaker Willoughby, who has already loved another woman. Elinor becomes interested in Edward Ferrars, who is proud and ignorant. Colonel Brandon, an older gentleman, doesn't attract Marianne. She is finally rejected by Willoughby. "Marianne Dashwood was born to an extraordinary fate. She was born to discover the falsehood of her own opinions, and to counteract, by her conduct, her most favorite maxims."In all of Austen's novels her heroines are ultimately married. Pride and Prejudice described the clash between Elisabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman and an intelligent young woman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a rich aristocratic landowner. Their relationship starts from dislike, but Darcy becomes intrigued by her mind and spirit. At last they fall in love and are happily united. Austen had completed the early version of the story in 1797 under the title "First Impressions". The book went to three printings during Austen's lifetime. In 1998 appeared a sequel to the novel, entitled Desire and Duty, written by Teddy F. Bader, et al. It followed the ideas Jane Austen told her family.Emma was written in comic tone. Austen begun the novel in January 1814 and completed it in March of the next year. The book was published in three volumes. It told the story of Emma Woodhouse, who finds her destiny in marriage. Emma is a wealthy, pretty, self-satisfied young woman. She is left alone with her hypochondriac father. Her governess, Miss Taylor, marries a neighbor, Mr. Weston. Emma has too much time and she spends it choosing proper partners for her friends and neighbors - blind to her own feelings. She makes a protégée of Harriet Smith, an illegitimate girl of no social status and tries to manipulate a marriage between Harriet and Mr. Elton, a young clergyman, who has set his sight on Emma. Emma has feelings about Mr. Weston's son. When Harriet becomes interested in George Knightley, a neighboring squire who has been her friend, Emma starts to understand her own limitations. He has been her moral adviser, and secretly lovesher. Finally Emma finds her destiny in marriage with him. Harriet, who is left to decide for herself, marries Robert Martin, a young farmer.Austen focused on middle-class provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted minor landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, in which marriage mainly determined women's social status. Most important for her were those little matters, as Emma says, "on which the daily happiness of private life depends." Although Austen restricted to family matters, and she passed the historical events of the Napoleonic wars, her wit and observant narrative touch has been inexhaustible delight to readers. Of her six great novels, four were published anonymously during her lifetime. Austen also had troubles with her publisher, who wanted to make alterations to her love scenes in Pride and Prejudice. In 1811 he wrote to Thomas Egerton: "You say the book is indecent. You say I am immodest. But Sir in the depiction of love, modesty is the fullness of truth; and decency frankness; and so I must also be frank with you, and ask that you remove my name from the title page in all future printings; 'A lady' will do well enough." At her death on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, at the age of forty-one, Austen was writing the unfinished SANDITON. She managed to write twelve chapters before stopping in March 18, due to her poor health.Austen was buried in Winchester Cathedral, near the centre of the north aisle. "It is a satisfaction to me to think that [she is] to lie in a Building she admired so much," Austen's sister Cassandra wrote later. Cassandra destroyed many of her sister's letters; one hundred sixty survived but none written earlier than her tentieth birthday.Austen's brother Henry made her authorship public after her death. Emma had been reviewed favorably by Sir Walter Scott, who wrote in his journal of March 14, 1826: "[Miss Austen] had a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I have ever met with. The Big Bow-Wow strain I can do myself like any now going; but the exquisite touch, which renders ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting, from the truth of the description and the sentiment, is denied to me." Charlotte Brontë and E.B. Browning found her limited, and Elizabeth Hardwick said: "I don't think her superb intelligence brought her happiness." It was not until the publication of J.E. Austen-Leigh's Memoir in 1870 that a Jane Austen cult began to develop. Austen's unfinished Sanditon was published in 1925.For further reading: Memoirs by J.E. Austen-Leigh (1870); Jane Austen and Her World by Mary Lascelles (1939); Jane Austen and Her Art by M. Lascalles (1941); Jane Austen by R.W. Chapman (1948); The Novels of Jane Austen by Robert Liddell (1963); The Language of Jane Austen by N. Page (1972); The Double Life of Jane Austen by Jane Hodge (1972); The Critical Heritage, ed. by B. Southam (1987); Jane Austen by Claudia L. Johnson (1990); Erotic Faith by Robert M. Polhemus (1990); Jane Austen's Novels by Roger Gard (1992); The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, ed. by Edward Copeland, Juliet McMaster (1997); Jane Austen, Obstinate Heart by Valerie Grosvenor Myer (1997); Jane Austen: Her Life by Park Honan (1997); Jane Austen: A Life by David Nokes (1998); Jane Austen: A Life by Claire Tomalin (1998); A History of Jane Austen's Family by George Holbert Tucker (1998); Critical Essays of Jane Austen, ed. by Laura Mooneyham (1998); Jane Austen by Deirdre Le Faye (1998); The Author's Inheritance: Henry Fielding, Jane Austen, andthe Establishment of the Novel by Jo Alyson Parker (1998); Pride & Promiscuity: The Lost Sex Scenes of Jane Austen by Arielle Eckstut, Dennis Ashton (2001); Jane Austen by Carol Shields (2001) - See also: J.F. Cooper - Museum: Jane Austen's House, Chawton, Alton, GU34 ISD. - Austen wrote Mansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion while living in this house.。
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Most of us are familiar with Jane’s works such as sense and sensibility, pride and prejudice. But little do we know about Jane. Now I will give a brief introduction to Jane.
Jane Austen, born on 16 December,1775,at the rectory in the village of Steventon , in Hampshire , is one of the best-known novelists in English literature. She was tutored mainly at home by her father and brothers . Due to her poor health,she died on July,18,1817. The language in her works is simple, witty and with quiet irony, which can strike a sympathetic chord in the hearts of its audiences .Her works are mostly about love and marriage in the view of woman . But during her 42 years’ life, she didn’t get married, which shows her belief that a marriage without love will never be happy.
As is reflected in the film , she was an independent woman who endeavored to live by her pen instead of marrying a rich man . What makes me desire most is her reble spirit. People valued the propriety highly in that time. But Jane played cricket ball with the male, strolled around the fair and even eloped with her lover. She broke the boundary of propriety. In 18th century, people looked down upon female writing, it was said that to have a wife who has a mind is considered not quite proper . In spite of that , she insisted on writing ,and finally succeeded.
Virginia Woolf thought highly of her, regarding her as "the most perfect artist among women." How admirable!
If you feel like getting a further understanding about Jane Austen , I sincerely recommend this film to you.。