最清晰的动词不定式结构表
英语中不定式的结构知识讲解
英语中不定式的结构知识讲解
在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形)，把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词，所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。
不定式的结构：
1.基本型：不定式符号to+原形动词 to work
2.带宾语：to+原形动词+宾语 to ask somebody
3.带宾补：to+原形动词+宾语+宾补 to ask somebody to come
4.带状语：to+原形动词+状语 to walk slowly
5.带连接词：连接词+to+原形动词 where to go
6.带逻辑主语：for…to+原形动词 for me to sing
7.to后插副词：to+副词+原形动词 tocarefully choose
8.否定式：not+to+原形动词 not to go
说明：
1.不定式保留着动词性质，可以带宾语、宾补、状语，当然也可以不带。
2.不定式的前边可以放where, when, who,whom, how, what之类的连接副词或者代词。
I did not know where to go.
我不知道往哪去。
Did she tell you when to start?
她告诉你什么时候开始吗?
The lady told me who to ask.
女士告诉我应该问谁。
He’ll teach you how to write it.
他会教我怎样写的。
Lily does not know what to buy.
莉莉不知道买什么。
本文作者：丹丹英语(公众号：英语语法学习)。
动词不定式表目的
为了将来更好地为人民服务，我们现在就该努 力学习。
4. He sent his sons to a boarding school in order/so as to enjoy some peace.
为了享受清净，e to see what would happen.
我留在那儿是为了看看要发生什么事。
2. To master English, you must devote a
great deal of effort on it.
为了掌握英语，你必须花大气力。
3. In order to serve the people better in the
5. The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse.
这个女孩是那么地兴奋，以至于嗓子都喊哑了。
三种形式的区别
in order to do/so as to do 比 to do 语 气更强烈，文体更正式。而so as to do 既可以表目的也可以表结果，判 断语意要结合具体语境。
动词不定式作目的状语通常意为“为了……”，主 要有三种形式：
结构形式 位置
说明
(not) to do…
in order (not) to do…
so as (not) to do
句首； 句中 句首； 句中
句中
位于句首时，强调目的
这种结构形式更能突出目 的性，为了表示强调，常 置句首
这种结构形式也是为了突出 状语目的性，与第二种结构 形式所不同的主要是位置的 区别
第十二章动词不定式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第十二章动词不定式思维导图知识梳理一、不定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是:“t o+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分－主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例):主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing -完成式to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing -(一)作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.点拨(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语.It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.(3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.(二)作表语作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程.You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了.What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.点拨当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.(三)作宾语能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗?They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show,understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁.We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站.Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?(四)作定语I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费.Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方.He is always the first to come to work and the last to leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.点拨不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时,放在它们的后面.如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰,词序是something(nothing...)+形容词＋不定式.My father had something to do.我父亲有事要办.Have you got anything important to buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?(五)作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.1.作目的状语为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组(即:in order to...,so as to...),作状语表示目的.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.2.作结果状语表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“so...as to...”“such...as to..“enough to...”“only to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.3.作原因状语She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.(六)宾语补足语1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等.使役动词:如make, let, have等.Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.Don't let her go out.别让她出去.I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干.(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带to,亦可不带to.在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带to.He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业.Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式.I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)I saw him come in.I saw him coming in.两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面I find it easy to learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项(一)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式:not+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. to do sth.句型连用.She asked me not to drive him to the station.她要我不要开车送他到车站.Try not to be late.争取不要迟到.Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来.点拨不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开.I didn't ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开.(二)不定式的进行时态进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.It's nice to be sitting here with you.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.It is unwise for him to be talking that topic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.(三)不定式的完成时态完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.She said she was sorry to have missed you.她说她没见到你很遗憾.He seemed to have visited our factory.他好像参观过我们的工厂.They appeared to have met before.他们看来以前见过面.(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义I didn't want to be told about it.我不想被告知这件事.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.在以某些形容词,如kind, good, silly, honest, bad, stupid, bold, clever, cruel,courteous, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrong等作表语时,后面需用以“of+名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即of短语是不定式的逻辑主语).It's very good of you to come.谢谢你的光临.How silly of you (it is)to make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊！It's very kind of you to say so.多谢你这么说.在had better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would sooner...than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“to”.You had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里.好题精练一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子1.Do you enjoy_________ football?(play)2.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided_________ a job.(take)3.We're going out for dinner, Would you like_________ us?(join)4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper on time.(finish)5.When I was tired, I enjoyed_________ TV.(watch)6.It was a nice day, so the old man agreed_________ for a walk.(go)7.I'm not in a hurry, I don't mind_________.(wait)答案:1.playing2.to take3.to join4.to finish5.watching6.to go7.waiting二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“go+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法(go boating; go fishing; go dancing; go running; go skating; go hunting; go singing)1.She's a good dancer. She always_________ on Saturday.2.I've got a gun. I'll_________ with that strong hunter next weekend.3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the morning.”4.We have enough fish to eat. Our father_________ every day.答案:1.goes dancing2.go hunting3.gone running4.goes fishing三、仿照示例改写下列句子示例:It is very interesting to play baseball.→ To play baseball is very interesting.1.lt was not polite to speak that way before Mr. Lee.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _2.It can be quite easy to travel by air.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _3.lt will be no problem to arrive there before noon.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _4.To make those strangers believe us was so difficult.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _5.To help Tom speak Chinese well is not at all easy.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _答案:1.To speak that way before Mr. Lee was not polite.2.To travel by air can be quite easy.3.To arrive there before noon will be no problem.4.It was so difficult to make those strangers believe us.5.It is not at all easy to help Tom (to) speak Chinese well.四、选择填空1. _________ the bookstore, he stopped_________ a few books.A. Passing; buyingB. Passing; to buyC. To pass; buyingD. Having passed; to buy2.Bruce,look at your dirty shoes, You'd better_________ them right now.A. washedB. washingC. washD. to wash3. _________ the room, I found the computer_________.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; stolenC. To enter; stealD. To enter; stealing4.We've worked hard for nearly one hour. Let's stop_________ a rest now.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. have had5.My mother always tells me not_________ to the net bars(网吧)．A. goB. to goC. goesD. going6.The teacher asked us_________ English for half an hour in the morning.A. reads B reading C. to read D. read7.You will have to get up early tomorrow. Stop_________ TV, Peter.A. watchesB. watchC. to watchD. watching8.I find it hard_________ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns9.The teacher asked John_________ a short talk in our class meeting.A. giveB. to giveC. gaveD. giving10.The girl was too poor_________ a houseA. to buy; to live inB. to buy ;to liveC. buy; to liveD. buying; living in11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on_________.A. works B .worked C. working D. work12.Remember_________ him about it before he goes away.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to telling13.Lin Tao is strong enough_________ the big box.A. carryB. to carryC. carryingD. carries14.Her mother told her_________ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read15.When class began, we stopped_________ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listens D .to listen16.You'd better_________ the cinema by bus.A. don't goB. to goC. to go toD. go to17.What did the manager_________ you to_________ at the meeting?A. tell; sayB. ask; speakC. tell; speakD. ask; talk18.Tom was let_________ in the gate house.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to have waited19.Mr.Hu has enough time_________ the job in two days.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished20.Look,the building_________ is our library.A. is repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repairing21. _________ no money, I could not buy this coat.A. HaveB. HavingC. To haveD. Have had22.The teacher has something important_________ us.A. to tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told23.Li Ming didn't know_________ next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. how to doD. what do24.I'd love_________ to your birthday party.A. comeB. cameC. to comeD. comes25.It took me two hours_________ by bus.A. to get thereB. to get to thereC. get thereD. get to there答案:1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB21-25 BABCA五、改正下列句子的错误1.He seems to not hear from her.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _2.I hope see you soon.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _3.I made them to give the money back.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _4.The scientist gave us some advice on how learning English.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _5.No one noticed him to leave the room.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _6.Have you given up to smoke?___________________________________________________________________________________________ _7.We found him waited at the school gate.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _8.Why not to turn off the light?___________________________________________________________________________________________ _9.She didn't want me go.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _10.I don't know to swim.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _11.China is a developed country belonging to the third world.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _12.It's getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _13.He said he had an important meeting to attended.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _14.They don't allow that people smoke.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _15.It's difficult sell my car.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _答案:1.He seems not to...2.I hope to see...3.I made them give...4....how to learn...5....him leave...6....given up smoking?7...him waiting...8.Why not turn off...9.She didn't want me to go.10.I don't know how to swim.11....a developing...12....to live in13....to attend.14. ...people to smoke.15...to sell my car.。
动词不定式的句子成分
The Infinitive
一. 动词不定式的基本构成：
由不定式符号to 加动词原形构成,有时也可 不带 to, 其否定式由not+不定式构成。
二. 动词不定式的句法作用:
动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补 足语、表语、定语、状语等。
一、动词不定式作主语：
E.g: To play badminton is very interesting.
③. It's +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
（是修饰不定式的）
It’s kind of you to help me词不定式作宾语：
宾语表示主语所做动作的承受者.一般跟在及物动词后面.
接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是：
decide to do sth. ; try to do sth. ; want to do sth. ; plan to do sth. expect to do sth; hope to do sth.等 ① I plan to stay there for three days. ② I decide not to play computer games any more.
二、动词不定式作表语：
①My job is _____t_o__te_a_c_h__ (teach) you English. ②Betty’s dream is ________to__b_e_ (be) a scientist. ③My wish is ____to__g_o____ (go) to university. ④Our plan is____to__s_e_e__ (see) the play in the teahouse. ⑤Our goal is ____t_o__w_in_ (win) the final match 总结：上述5个句子都是__动__词__不___定__式__ 用在系动词be（是）之后做_______表__语____。
动词不定式的结构及用法
动词不定式的结构及用法 源自动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征. 否定式：not + (to) do （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 例如： I'm glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2．不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 （2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. （3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. （4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema． 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. （5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： ①动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式： Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? ②说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： He is the first to get here. （6）作状语： ①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果)： He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out. ③表原因： They were very sad to hear the news. ④表程度： It's too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer. （7）作独立成分： To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. （8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. （9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
最清晰的动词不定式结构表
1. She didn’t like to be treated as a child. 2. The clerk wouldn’t like to be laughed at by her customers
to have done 语动词之时仍没有结束。
(不定式完成式)
be, be due to, expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish
右侧谓语动词的过去时加不定式完成
式，或它们的过去完成时（be, be due to 1. I hoped to have finished the work earlier.
定
to have
been done
式
(完成式被动
做状语
语态表示不 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名
定式动作发 词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，
生在谓语动 但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）
词之前)
构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,
在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中，
主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定
式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。
to be doing (不定式进行式)
表示谓语动词的动作发生时，不定式的 1. He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.
动作正在进行
2. I am very glad to be working with you.
不定式的用法及常见结构解析
不定式的用法及常见结构解析不定式是英语中一种非常重要的动词形式，它可以在句中充当动词、名词或形容词。
本文将对不定式的用法及常见结构进行详细解析。
一、不定式作动词不定式作为动词时，它可以表示动作、状态或意图。
在句中常常与助动词、情态动词或其他动词连用。
1. 不定式作为目的状语不定式可以表示动作的目的或意图。
常见的结构有：to + 动词原形。
例如：- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.（我去超市买些食品。
）- He studied hard to pass the exam.（他努力学习以通过考试。
）2. 不定式作为结果状语不定式可以表示某个动作的结果或后果。
常见的结构有：so as to, in order to, in order that等。
例如：- She exercises regularly so as to stay healthy.（她经常锻炼以保持健康。
）- They arrived early in order to get good seats.（他们为了能够获得好的位置提前到达。
）3. 不定式作为主语不定式可以作为主语来引出一个动作或概念。
例如：- To learn a foreign language requires patience.（学习一门外语需要耐心。
）- To travel is to live.（旅行即生活。
）4. 不定式作为宾语不定式可以作为动词的宾语。
常见的结构有：动词 + 不定式原形。
例如：- I want to learn how to play the piano.（我想学弹钢琴。
）- They decided to go on vacation.（他们决定去度假。
）二、不定式作名词不定式作为名词时，它可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
1. 不定式作主语不定式可以作为句子的主语，并且常常以it作为形式主语。
(完整版)英语动词不定式大全
英语动词不定式大全动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词.它在句中起的是名词。
形容词或副词的作用，可在句子中作主语。
宾语。
定语。
状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。
动词不定式在具体运用时，用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:一。
带to的不定式结构1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want， ask， tell， hope， learn, try， decide, forget， remember, like ,love， stop， go， come等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth。
例如：Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特.二。
不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1。
在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
例如:You had better go home now。
你最好现在回家.It’s cold outside. You'd better not go out。
外面很冷，你最好不要出去。
2.在let,make,see， feel, watch，hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语.例如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来.3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。
"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。
例如:Why not go with us。
为什么不和我们一起去呢。
Why not take a holiday。
史上最完整的动词不定式用法规律知识点总结
史上最完整的动词不定式用法规律知识点总结动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式。
它可以充当名词、形容词或副词，具有广泛的用途和特定的语法规则。
本文将为您总结史上最完整的动词不定式用法规律知识点，帮助您更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，例如：to study、to eat、to sleep 等。
它可以作为名词、形容词或副词在句子中进行修饰或起其他功能。
二、动词不定式作为名词动词不定式可以作为名词在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
1. 作主语：To learn a foreign language is beneficial.学习一门外语是有益的。
2. 作宾语：She wants to go shopping.她想去购物。
3. 作表语：His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作同位语：His goal, to win the championship, motivates him to practice every day.为了赢得冠军，他每天都在努力。
三、动词不定式作为形容词动词不定式可以作为形容词修饰名词，通常在名词之前。
1. 修饰名词：I have a book to read.我有一本要读的书。
2. 修饰人：She is the person to ask for help.她是可以求助的人。
四、动词不定式作为副词动词不定式可以作为副词修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示目的、结果、原因等。
1. 修饰动词：He bought a new computer to play games.他买了一台新电脑来玩游戏。
2. 修饰形容词：She is too tired to continue working.她太累了，无法继续工作。
3. 修饰副词：He speaks English fluently enough to communicate with foreigners.他的英语说得足够流利，可以与外国人交流。
(完整版)德语动词不定式
跟英语一样，在德语中，一个动词与另一个动词的不定式连用时，在后面的不定式前都要加zu，但也有一些情况下，可以不带zu。
一、不带zu 的不定式具体有以下几种情况：1．跟情态动词können, müssen, wollen, sollen, dürfen, mögen连用；2．跟表示感觉的动词sehen, hören, fühlen，spüren,连用：Ich sehe ihn kommen.Ich höre sie singen.Er fühlt/ spürt sein Herz stark schlagen.3．跟表示运动的动词fahren, gehen, kommen 连用：Wir gehen/ fahren schwimmen.Komm mich mal besuchen!4．跟动词werden, bleiben, lassen 连用：Er wird kommen.Sie bleibt vor der Tür stehen.Er lässt das Kind aufstehen.5．跟haben, finden, legen, schicken, machen等动词在特殊情况下连用：Ich habe Geld auf der Bank liegen. （在银行存钱, zu liegen 是方言用法）Er hat sein Auto vor dem Hause stehen.Sie fand das Buch auf dem Boden liegen.Legen Sie sich schlafen!（您躺下睡吧！）Die Mutter schickt die Kinder schlafen.Er macht mich lachen. （使我笑）6．跟heißen, lernen, lehren, helfen动词连用；Er heißt mich kommen. （他叫我来）Hans lernt in der Schule lesen und schreiben.Er lehrt sie Geige spielen.Ich helfe ihm das Auto reparieren.但这类动词前，也可以加zu，特别是前面有多个句子成分时：Sie hat ihm geholfen, die Aufgabe zu lösen.Sie hat ihn gel ehrt, sich höflich zu benehmen.Er hat gelernt, sich zu beherrschen.Er hieß ihn, sofort das Zimmer zu verlassen.二、不带zu 的不定式构成完成时的形式1．情态动词（+ brauchen、lassen）和不定式连用，在构成完成时时，Infinitiv 不变：Er hat gestern nicht kommen können.Sie haben nicht unbedingt kommen brauchen.Ich habe sie kommen lassen.在从句中，助动词放在不定式前：Ich glaube, dass ich nicht so gut hätte antworten können.Ich glaube, dass ich hätte nicht so gut antworten können.此外，heißen 也属于这个情况：Er hat mich kommen heißen. (很少用geheißen)2. 感觉动词和不定式连用，在构成完成时时，可以用Infinitiv也可以用Partizip II.：Ich habe ihm nicht kommen hören./ gehört.Er hat sein Herz stark schlagen fühlen/ gefühlt.但是：Ich habe ihm nicht kommen sehen. (很少用gesehen.)3. 其他动词：helfen两者皆可：Er hat ihr aufstehen helfen/ geholfen.lehren，lernen，machen主要用第二分词：Er hat ihn Klavier spielen gelehrt. (很少用lehren)Wir haben lesen und rechnen gelernt.Du hast mich lachen gemacht.在其他帖子中，我曾总结了“带zu不定式”的用法，在这里再汇总一下：Infinitiv + zu 在德语语法中又可称为Infinitivgruppe, Infinitivkonstruktion或Infinitivsatz, 因为它是一个省略了主语的结构，其功能相当于一个从句，大多数来自dass句。
不定式的用法和常见结构详解
不定式的用法和常见结构详解不定式在英语语法中是一种动词形式，它通常由"to"加上动词原形构成。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词或副词的补语，并且有着多种常见结构。
本文将详细解释不定式的用法和常见结构。
一、不定式作名词1. 主语：- To learn foreign languages is important in today's globalized world. 在当今全球化的世界中，学习外语是重要的。
- It is necessary to exercise regularly for good health. 为了保持健康，定期锻炼是必要的。
2. 宾语：- Jane wants to travel around the world. 简想要周游世界。
- I like to read books in my free time. 我喜欢在空闲时间读书。
3. 表语：- Her dream is to become a successful writer. 她的梦想是成为一名成功的作家。
- Their goal is to win the championship. 他们的目标是赢得冠军。
4. 定语：- This is not an easy task to accomplish. 完成这个任务并不容易。
- We need someone to help us with the project. 我们需要有人帮助我们完成这个项目。
5. 状语：- She left the party early to catch the last bus home. 她为了赶上最后一班回家的公交车提前离开了派对。
- I study hard to improve my grades. 我努力学习以提高我的成绩。
二、不定式作形容词1. 作主语补语：- It's important for us to be punctual. 对我们来说准时很重要。
动词不定式的10种常见结构_吴安运
常见结构词不定式的10种一般来说，动词不定式由不定式符号“to+动词原形”构成，在句中不能单独作谓语，也不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化的干扰。
动词不定式具有动词的性质，有形式的变化，也可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些特点，在句中可以作除谓语以外的所有句子成分，包括主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
现就动词不定式的10种常见结构进行一下归纳。
1.“疑问词+不定式”结构不定式可以和疑问代词who ，whom ，what ，which 和疑问副词when ，where ，how 以及连词whether 等连用，表示义务或可能性，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等，可分别扩展为相对应的名词性从句。
Where to hold the meeting is not known yet.在哪里开会还不知道呢。
（主语=where we should hold the meeting ）They will teach us how to operate the machine.他们将教我们怎样使用这台机器。
（宾语=how we should operate the machine ）The question is which way to take.问题是采用哪一个方法。
（表语=which way we should take ）She had no idea how to help him.她不知道该如何去帮助他。
（同位语=how she should help him ）【注意】英语中一般不用why to do 这一结构。
2.“形容词+不定式”结构英语中的形容词可以和动词不定式搭配，构成一些常用的句子结构。
□吴安运伴你走进课堂课程导学课程导学（1）too...to...结构too...to...结构常用来表示结果，意思是“太……以致不能……”，是用肯定的形式来表达否定的意思。
动词不定式的三种结构
动词不定式的三种结构动词不定式是英语中一种常见的语法结构，它有三种不同的结构形式：基本结构、复合结构和带有疑问词的结构。
首先，我们来看基本结构。
基本结构由动词不定式的原形直接构成，通常位于句子的主语后面或者作为宾语补语。
例如，"I want to learn English"（我想学英语）和"She needs to buy groceries"（她需要买些杂货）中的不定式短语只包含动词的原形。
其次，是复合结构。
复合结构由情态动词（如can、should、must等）或助动词（如do、did等）加上动词原形构成。
它们一起构成了动词的完成时态、进行时态、被动语态等。
例如，"He can swim"（他会游泳）和"They are studying for exams"（他们正在备考）中的不定式短语被加入了情态动词和助动词，形成了复合结构。
最后，是带有疑问词的结构。
在疑问句中，动词不定式常常与疑问词（如what、how等）一起使用，用来提问人们的目的、动机或意图。
例如，"Why did you come here?"（你为什么来这里？）和"What do you want to achieve?"（你想要达到什么目标？）中的不定式短语与疑问词搭配，起到了提问的作用。
总结来说，动词不定式有三种不同的结构形式：基本结构、复合结构和带有疑问词的结构。
这些结构在句子中扮演着不同的语法角色，帮助我们表达出动作的目的、状态和动机。
在写作中，熟练运用这些结构将使句子更加丰富多样，表达得更加准确清晰。
动词不定式的几种常见结构
补充内容：动词不定式的几种常见结构A．不定式的复合结构动词不定式的逻辑主语（即不定式动作的执行者）通常是句子的主语或宾语。
如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，此时一般用“for + 名词（代词）+ 不定式”来构成不定式的复合结构，这种复合结构在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。
This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry. 这个箱子让这个小男孩来搬太重了。
That's for you to decide. 那个由你来决定。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
I have some books for you to read. 我有几本书送给你读。
B．be + 不定式结构“be + 不定式”结构可以表示将来发生的动作，常有以下两种情况：1．表示命令和指示The room is to be locked. 这房间要上锁。
You are not to stand here. 你不能站在这里。
2．表示计划或安排We are to begin the work next month. 我们安排下一个月开始这项工作。
C．疑问词+ 不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
I don't know whether to go to the meeting or not. 我不知道要不要去开会。
The problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers. 问题是如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。
When to visit the Palace Museum has not been decided yet. 何时参观故宫博物院还没有决定。
动词不定式知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)5
动词不定式知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）考向一动词不定式的结构和句法功能动词不定式的结构动词不定时的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。
肯定式：to + 动词原形It’s nice to meet you.(2)否定式：not to + 动词原形He told me not to leave this room(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)动词不定式的句法功能不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
①It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
如：It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？①在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。
如：I find it easy to read English every day.3.不定式作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, allow, warn, advise, invite, get, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
动词不定式的结构和用法
动词不定式的结构和用法动词不定式是英语中一种常见的语法结构，通常由"to"加上动词的原形构成。
它可以在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词的角色，并且具有多种用法。
1. 作为名词不定式可以作为名词，在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。
例如：- 主语：To learn a foreign language is beneficial.- 宾语：They want to visit China.不定式作为名词时，常常出现在以下固定搭配中：- It's + adj. + to-infinitive：To travel is exciting.- It's + adj. + for sb. + to-infinitive：It's important for us to protect the environment.2. 作为形容词不定式也可用作形容词，修饰名词。
例如：- She has a book to read.- I have a question to ask.在这种用法中，不定式可以表示目的、原因或结果。
常见的固定搭配有：- adj. + enough + to-infinitive：He is old enough to drive.- too + adj. + to-infinitive：The problem was too difficult to solve.3. 作为副词不定式还可以作为副词，修饰动词、形容词或副词。
例如：- She worked hard to pass the exam.- He ran fast to catch the bus.不定式作为副词时，可以表示目的、结果、方式或条件。
4. 其他用法除了上述三种常见用法外，不定式还有一些其他用法，如下所示：- 不定式作宾语补足语：I want you to help me.- 不定式引导目的状语从句：I came here to see you.- 不定式构成复合宾语：She made him study.- 不定式构成条件状语从句：To succeed, you need to work hard.总结起来，动词不定式的结构和用法多种多样。
最新英语中的动词不定式构成
动词不定式构成：to+ do(动词原形)否定式：not to+do 动词原形动词不定式特点：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。
可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语.一. 带to的不定式结构1. 我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like , love, stop, go, come等。
二. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：1. 在固定词组had better之后。
注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
例如：You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。
It's cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。
2. 在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如：I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。
3. 在引导疑问句的why not之后。
“Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。
例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢？Why not take a holiday? =Why don’t you take a holiday? 为什么不休假呢？三．动词不定式的句法功能：（一）作主语不定式结构作主语时，现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语，而把不定式结构后置的形式。
e.g. It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了。
不表将来的——动词不定式的7种结构
不表将来的——动词不定式的7种结构我们从时态形式和意义来看，动词不定式有以下四种表现形式动词不定式的一般式：to do sth（原形不定式）动词不定式的完成式：to have done sth（完成不定式）动词不定式的进行式：to be doing（进行不定式）动词不定式的完成进行式：to have been doing（完成进行不定式）—这里不作探讨。
动词不定式的一般式：to do sth——所表示的动作或状态，发生在其前的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态：同时（同时）、其前（过去）、其后（将来）He is said to know French. （同时，动作）He seems to be sick. （同时，状态）I have to go to learn how to read. （将来，动作）He is to marry in June. （将来，动作）动词不定式的完成式：to have done sth——表示的动作或状态，在其前谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前《高阶英语语法》（杜永文编著）第884页I remember to have seen him twice. 我记得曾经看见过他两次。
He is said to have been married. 据说他已经结婚了。
动词不定式的进行式：to be doing——仅表示与其前的谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生、同时进行或同时存在。
《高阶英语语法》（杜永文编著）第884页I find him to be writing a letter. 我发觉他正在写信。
They are said to be rehearsing in the auditorium. 据说他们正在礼堂排演节目。
动词不定式的完成进行式————这里不作探讨。
我们知道，动词不定式to do sth表示“目的，结果时”——表示未来——发生在谓语动词之后的行为或状态，换句话说谓语动词所表示的动作或状态，是先发生，而动词不定式所表示的动作或状态是发生在其后，如in order to do, so as to do等结构。
动词不定式结构及用法
动词不定式结构及用法动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。
而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。
现就以下几方面介绍如下。
一、不定式结构1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。
如：I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。
如：Dave told me not to wake up Kate.大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：（1）在固定词组had better之后。
注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
如：You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.外面很冷，你最好不要出去。
（2）在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn’t see you come in.我没看见你进来。
（3）在引导疑问句的why not之后。
动词不定式做主语,宾语,及双宾语结构
动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1）定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do”,其中 to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
否定形式为：not / never + to do句法功能：一、用作主语○多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.○动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。
.○疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How to learn English well is important.补充：用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：① It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.② It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work③ It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.④ It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says.注意：在③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。
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（将要发生）
2. The old man seems to be dying.
1. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
不
表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前 2. They pretend to have finished the job.
定
3. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.
1
非谓语动 词
时态
功能
举例
to do （不定式一般式）
表示在谓语动词之后发生(将要发生)
表示与谓语动词同时 （或几乎同时）发生
1. I plan to attend the meeting tomorrow. 2. He promised to write to me once a week. 1. I saw him go out. 2. He is said to be very rich
to be doing (不定式进行式)
表示谓语动词的动作发生时，不定式的 1. He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.
动作正在进行
2. I am very glad to be working with you.
表示在谓语动词之后发生
1. He is believed to be coming.
注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。 John is difficult to deal with. （分析： deal with (动) – John (宾)） The armchair is comfortable to sit in The question is difficult to work out 1. There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式) 2. There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
为“本打算，原希望”等。
leave.
4. I was to have met him at the station, but he didn’t come.
2
非谓语动 词
语态
作用 做主语（常用 it 做形式主语）
做表语
做宾语
to be done (一般式被动
做宾语补足语
语态表示将
要发生的动
不
作)
做定语
1. The party is to be held next Saturday evening. 2. The new drug is to be tested out on the 500 overweight people next year.
1. She didn’t like to be treated as a child. 2. The clerk wouldn’t like to be laughed at by her customers
to have done 语动词之时仍没有结束。
(不定式完成式)
be, be due to, expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish
右侧谓语动词的过去时加不定式完成
式，或它们的过去完成时（be, be due to 1. I hoped to have finished the work earlier.
定
to have
been done
式
(完成式被动
做状语
语态表示不 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名
定式动作发 词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，
生在谓语动 但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）
词之前)
构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,
在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中，
主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,表示过去的 2. I intended to have come to see you.
期待，没有实现的愿望或计划等，常译 3. I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to
1. Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 2. The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.
1. What a victory to be envied by those women! 2. The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.
There be 结构中，用不定式的主动 和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
举例
1. To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. = It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by …. 2. It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games.
在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 比较: I have a lot of letters to type .(我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)
I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter) 1. I’ll go to New York. Have you anything to be taken to your wife there? 2. Have you any clothes to be washed, sir?” asked the maid 3. I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes to wash. 1. This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动) – this question（宾））
如果不定式有持续动词构成，而且句中
式
有 for, since 等表示一段时间的时间状 1. He seems to have been ill for a long time.
语时，则不定式的完成式表示持续到谓 2. I’m happy to have lived with you since I came to this school.