2000年8月托福听力文字(较完整)
TOEFL学习资料听力08(10)
TOEFL学习资料听力08(10)39. What does the speaker mainly discuss?40. What is the purpose of the talk?41. What did the Hohokam do with their pottery?42. What does the speaker say about the way the Hohokam pottery was made?43---45 A talk in an American history class.I'm going to introduce two current points of view about the motivation for writing the United StatesConstitution back in 1787. The first one is called the idealist view. The idealists basically believe that thewriters of the Constitution were motivated by ideas. Which ideas? The ideas of the revolutionary war, such as liberty and democracy. The idealists remind that the young country had a lot of problems: an economicdepression, a large war debts, lawlessness and trade barriers between the states. They argue that therepresentatives needed to control these problems in order for the United States to survive. The other point of view is the economic view. The economic view is that the writers of the Constitution were concerned about their own financial interests. According to them most people were living wealth for the wealthiest people were afraid of losing their money. The writers wanted a strong central government that would promote trade protect private property and perhaps most of all collect taxes to pay off the United States' large war debts. Because a number of those who wrote the constitution had loaned money to the government during the revolution. Which view is correct? Well , historians who wrote during the calm and prosperous 1950s found reasons to believe the idealist view. Those who wrote during the trouble of 1960s found support for the economic view point. I'd say that neither view is complete, both the idealist and the economic perspective contribute a part to the whole picture.43. what is the talk mainly about?44. According to the economic view, who benefited the most from the new Constitution?45. What can be inferred about the views of the historians?46---50 Part of a speech on birds by a biologist.Many egg-laying animals merely lay their eggs and leave. Turtles for instance, the eggs hatch on their own. The current theory about birds is that the earliest birds did just that when they were cold-blooded creatures living in warm places. However when they became warm-blooded creatures living in cold places they had to remain on the eggs to keep them warm. The process we call incubation. For this they needed a place --- a nest. Very likely the first nests were just primitive depressions scrape into the ground. Even now many species still lay eggs in this sort of crude nests. In fact every spring a mother killdeer lays her in some pebbles along the edge of the parking lot just outside this building. Primitive nests on the ground were fine for some birds but others began to elevate their nests in branches perhaps to avoid predators. These early elevated nests were probably loose platf nest, you know, like a robin's nest.46. What is the main topic of the talk?47. What evolutionary change in birds led to nest building?48. According to the speaker, where were the first bird's nests located?49. What is the killdeer's nest in parking lot an example of?50.According to the speaker, what is a possible reason that birds began to build nests in trees?Key: CBCCB CCBCA ABBCD DDDBA BDCBA DBCBC BDBADBCDCB BADBC CBAAA【。
老托福阅读真题 2000年8月
2000年8月TOEFL试题Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-8Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what now the heart of Los Angeles, California.These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. Excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable siteThe tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals fromthe last 30,000 years of the Ice Age. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses. The creatures found range form insects and birds to giant ground sloth’s, but a total of 17proboscides (animal with a proboscis or long nose)- including mastodons and Columbian mammoths- have been recovered, most of themfrom Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hungeror fall prey to predators that often also became stuck. As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn.Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or (25) months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnatingand beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering then dark brown and shiny.1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The amount of asphalt that was mined there(B)The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals(C) The fossil remains that have been found there(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits2. In using the phrase ―the heart of Los Angeles‖in line 2, the author is talking about the city’s(A) beautiful design (B) central area (C) basic needs (D) supplies of natural asphalt3. The word ―noticed‖ in line 5 closest in meaning to(A) predicted (B) announced (C) corrected (D) observed4. The word ―tangled‖ in line 10 is closest in meaning to 、(A) buried beneath (B) twisted together (C) quickly formed (D) easily dated5. The word ―them‖ in line 13 refers to(A) insects (B) birds (C) cloths (D) proboscideans6. How many probosicdeans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?(A) 9 (B) 17 (C) 1.5 million (D) 2.5 million7. The word ―concealed‖ in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) highlighted (B) covered (C) transformed (D) contaminated8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.(D) To define the term ―scavengers‖Questions 9-19The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present] urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism’s in little more than a century.In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In face, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water highway.When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).9. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.(B) The evolution of cities in North America(C) Trade between North American and European cities(D)The effects of the United Sates’ independence on urban growth in New England.10. The word ―they‖ in line 4 refers to(A) North American colonies (B) cities (C) centuries (D) town economies11. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following?(A) Their economic success (B) The type of merchandise they exported(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements (D)The pace of their development12. The Word ―accordingly‖ in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) as usual (B) in contrast (C) to some degree (D)for that reason13. According to the passage, early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to(A) an abundance of natural resources (B) financial support from colonial governments(C) proximity to parts of Europe (D) a favorable climate14. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe?(A) Manufacturing equipment （B) Capital goods(C) Consumer goods (D) Raw materials15. According to the passage, all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the(A) location of the plantations(B) access of plantation owners to shipping(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantation16. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern, cities, most southern cities were(A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D)planned17. The word ―recorded‖ in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D) planned18. The word ―drawing‖ in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) attracting (B) employing (C) instructing (D) representing19. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line28-29) because it was a time of(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms(D) increased migration from northern states to southern statesQuestions 20-28During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial facto behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country.Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items-running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 -they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. ―Combines‖ were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines —sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses – reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of agricultural operations in the northern states-allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before.20. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the Passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming21. The word ―crucial‖ in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious (B) unbelievable (C) important (D) desirable22. The phrase ―avail themselves‖ in lines 10-11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care (B) make use (C) get rid (D) do more23. According to the passage, why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.24. The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War?(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.25. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each(A) could perform more than one function(B) required relatively little power to operate(C) was utilized mainly in California(D) required two people to operate26. The word ―they‖ in line 17 refers to(A) grain stalks (B) threshing machines (C) steam engines (D) horses27. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because.(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own28. The word ―ponderous‖ in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) Advanced (B) heavy (C) complex (D) rapidQuestions 29-39The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool than did the fish gathered by the men. Of particular made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The women also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.29. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Methods of food preservation(B) How diet was restricted by the environment(C) The contributions of women to the food supply(D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms30. The word ―unique‖ in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) comprehensible (B) productive (C) intentional (D) particular31. The word ―attained‖ in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) achieved (B) modified (C) demanded (D) spread32. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers(C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers33. According to the passage, what is true of the ―division of labor‖ mentioned in line 5?(A) It was first developed by Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast.(B) It rarely existed among hunting(C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other peoples.(D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples.34. The word ―abundant‖ in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) prosperous (B) plentiful (C) acceptable (D) fundamental35. All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish(B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did(C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast(D) prepared and preserved the fish36. The word ―They‖ in line 16 refers to(A) women (B) tools (C) mammals (D) men37. The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to(A) store utensils used in food preparation(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling(C) have a place to store fish and shellfish(D) prepare elaborate meals38. The wore ―peculiar‖ in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) strange (B) distinctive (C) appealing (D) biological39. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that it was(A) made from fish (B) not actually cheese(C) useful on long journeys (D) made in a short period of timeQuestion 40-45Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels. The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care: often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up. When a pot is fired, it loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability in day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often a wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times, glazes came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing. When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered with fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them Evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known as kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were needed. Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired before they were ready for use.40. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot making(B) How early pottery was made and decorated(C) The development of kilns used by early potters(D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric pottery41. The word ―meticulously‖ in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) heavily (B) initially (C) carefully (D) completely42. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve thetexture of the clay?(A) Adding temper (B) Removing the water(C) Beating on the clay (D) Mixing the clay with plastic substances43. The word ―durability‖ in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) quality (B) endurance (C) adaptability (D) applicability44. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to do which of the following?(A) Improve the appearance of the vessels(B) prevent the vessels from leaking(C) Help the vessels a leather like quality(D) Give the vessels a leather like quality45. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a glossy finish?(A) Smoothing them with wet hands(B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions(C) Baking them at a very high temperature(D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object46. The word ―incised‖ in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) designed (B) carved (C) detailed (D) painted47. The word ―they‖ in lin e 26 refers to(A) kilns (B) firings (C) pots (D) cracks48. According to the passage, the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the kilns(A) required less wood for burning (B) reached higher temperatures(C) kept ashes away from the pots (D) baked vessels without cracking them49. Look at the terms ―temper‖ (line9), ―glazes‖(line14), ―kilns‖(line23), and ―compounds‖(24). Which of these terms is NOT defined in the passage?(A) temper (B) glazes (C) kilns (D) compounds50. The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under burning wood ,the ashes help(A) prevent the clay from cracking(B) produce a more consistently baked pot(C) attain a very high temperature(D) give the vessel a glasslike finish。
8月TOEFL(托福)听力文本及答案
0308托福试题听力：1 (a)She has completed her project(b)She needs some help finishing the project(c)Her economics class no longer meets(d)The man should not touch the project until it is finished2 (a) He disagrees with the woman(b)He has a lot of experience listening to others(c ) He can keep a secret(d) He has several younger brothers and sisters3 (a) She has already seen the movie(b) She doesn’t like to go to the movies(c )She hasn’t seen Mary recently(d) Mary didn’t ask her to go to the mo vies4(a) Use cream on her rash(b)See if her rash improves in a few days(c) Check out a medical book from the library(d) See a doctor about her rash5(a) He’s usually a good dancer(b) He’s embarrassed about the photograph(c ) He didn’t enjoy the par ty(d) H e hasn’t seen the photograph6(a) She prefers to stay indoors during the summer(b) S he doesn’t agree with the man(c) Too much hot weather can be unpleasant(d) The weather is supposed to get even hotter7(a) Dry his clothes for another fifteen minutes(b)Inspect the dryer for damage(c ) Take this clothes out of the dryer(d) Wash his clothes again8(a) He likes the music class(b) The woman missed the deadline(c )It may still be possible to drop the class(d) H e doesn’t plan to take music9(a)She has decided not to go to Florida(b)H er plans aren’t definite(c) Her friend just returned from Florida(d)She prefers to travel without her friend10(a)T he costumes weren’t as good as the s scenery(b) The scenery could have been more realistic(c ) She wishes she had seen the play(d) T he actors in the play weren’t students11(a) H e didn’t know the book was a best-seller(b) H e’s becoming more interested in the book(c ) H e’s on his way to the bookstore(d) He has just finished the book12 (a) S he’d rather do another puzzle(b)S he doesn’t have time for puzzles(c ) S he’d like a chance to solve the puzzle(d) S he’s not as good at puzzles as the man13(a)Revise the report(b)Go to another copy machine(c )Ask his classmates to make their own copies(d) Get more paler14(a) The woman is a better mechanic than he is(b) H e can’t go for a ride with the woman(c ) H e doesn’t know a lot about newer cars(d)T he woman shouldn’t buy a used car15(a)Start studying with the man(b) Continue watching television(c ) Take a nap(d) Turn down the volume on the television16(a)Store the bicycle inside the dormitory(bAsk someone to repair the bicycle(c ) Ride the bicycle on campus(d) T ry to find the bicycle’s owner17(a)He lives with a first-year student(b)He wanted to live in an apartment(c)H e isn’t a new student(d) He was assigned space in a dorm18(a) He has to pick up some groceries(b)H e hasn’t had any tea for a long time(c )H e’d like to walk a little further(d)H e’ll pay for the drinks19(a)The boss will probably discipline the woman(b)T he boss may disregard the woman’s lateness(c ) T he boss won’t know the woman was late(d) The boss is often late for work20(a) She may change her mind about the college(b)H e doesn’t know what time she arrived(c )He wishes he had met her yesterday(d)She should visit the campus again soon21(a) S he can’t help the man(b)S he doesn’t want to lend the man any money(c )She owes the man some money(d) She sometimes asks the man to drive her places22(a)A lot of students entered the talent show(b)The talent show was canceled(c )Not many students enjoy talent shows(d)The speakers are judges for the talent show23(a)The tour guide will be late(b)The appointment for the tour will be changed(c The tour will begin before she and the man arrive(d)The museum will open earlier than usual24(a)S he doesn’t need a pay raise(b)She got a pay raise last year(c )S he hasn’t yet received a pay raise(d) She will give the man a pay raise25(a)He recently injured his hand(b)He can carry some books for the woman(c)H e needs to borrow some of the woman’s books(d)H e can’t help the woman until noon26(a)He enjoys talking about pets(b)He agrees that the woman is quite knowledgeable(c )He dislikes people who think they know everything(d)He hates standing in line27(a)The professor might give an exam in class(b)The man might not be able to leave campus early(c )The class might not finish their oral presentation(d)T his week’s class might be longer than expected28(a) Invite his roommate to a party(b)Ask his roommate to go to the housing office(c )Stop complaining about his roommate(d)Arrange to get a different roommate29(a)H e’s improved the way he looks(b)He manages his time well(c )He looks happier lately(d)He follows directions more carefully now30(a)H e doesn’t have any paper towels(b)T hey don’t need any more paper bags(c )The food is ruined(d )He thinks a mop would work better31(a)Causes of illness(b)The discovery of antibiotics(c )The history of prescription drugs(d)Characteristics of antibiotics32(a)Her lab notes(b)A medical reference book(c )A homework assignment(d) The name of her doctor33(a)To give an example of a bad reaction to penicillin(b)To show how penicillin has changed over the years(c )To emphasize the importance of antibiotics(d)To explain why penicillin requires a prescription34(a)In a pharmacology course(b)From her mother(c )At the student health center(d) From her doctor35(a)Look up some information about his medicine(b)Take an extra dose of his medicine(c )Ask his doctor to change his prescription(d)Begin to do research for his lab project36(a)Current issues in economics(b)Choices faced by conservationists(c ) A recent biology lecture(d)Topics for a research paper37(a)S he’s writing research papers(b)S he’s working on a conservation project(c )S he’s studying for exams(d)S he’s d oing her biology homework38(a)S he doesn’t know which topic to choose(b)Her assignments are due on the same day(c )S he’s concerned about the spotted owl(d)She dislikes her economics class39(a)A scarcity of jobs in their field(b)Inadequate training in methods of biological research(c )Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls(d)A lack of funding for their work with endangered species40(a)It has numerous traits in common with the spotted owl(b)Its population is increasing(c )It may not survive without special efforts of conservationists(d)Its role in the chain of evolution has not yet been examined41(a)To explain why Wright became an architect(b)T o describe the positive aspects of Wright’s architecture(c )To explain why Wright’s style of architecture became less popular(d)To describe the materials Wight used in construction42(a)His houses were often small(b)His designs were overly simple(c )His roofs often leaked(d )His building did not match their natural surroundings43(a)He helped construct a chapel(b)H e took over his family’s business(c )He trained under Guggenheim(d)He worked on a project overseas44(a)T hey characterize stages in Wright’s career(b)Wright died while they were being constructed(c )They were Wr ight’s earliest buildings(d)T hey are examples of Wright’s classical styles45(a)Theories of how the universe evolved(b) Similarities between the planets in the solar system(c )Reason for the high density of earth(d)Theories of the origin of the Moon46(a)Earth and the Moon traveled at different speeds(b)The Moon formed billions of years before Earth(c )Earth did not have enough gravitational pull(d)Earth and the Moon were too far from each other47(a)The Moon has no water(b)T he Moon’s materials came from Earth’s core(c )T he Moon’s core differs from its surface(d)The Moon contains little iron48(a) It is difficult to define(b)Its causes are often unknown(c )Psychologists disagree about how to treat it(d)Its symptoms often go unnoticed49(a)To explain the effect it has on mental illness(b)To suggest that it is easier to diagnose than mental illness(c )To discuss the role of medicine in clinical psychology(d)To show the similarities between physical and mental illness50(a)Another means of measuring normal behavior(B)W hy some politicians aren’t well adjusted(c )H ow an individual’s behavior is influenced by therapy(d) Problems often encountered by psychologists0308ABADB CCCBA BDDCC DCDBA DACCB DBCAC DACBA BABDC BCAAD CDABA。
【生词本】托福听力核心词汇2000
+accustomed
#
&
@1312081869
$3
+ache
#abbr.ampere 安,
#art.表示“一(个, 件…),(非特指的)一(个),(同类事物中的)任何一(个),
&ei; ə
@1312081880
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+acid
#
&
@1312081884
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+acknowledge
&əˈɡresiv
@1312082193
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+agility
#n.敏捷,活泼,灵活,机敏,
&əˈdʒiliti
@1312082210
$3
+agriculture
#n.农业,农学, 农艺,
&ˈæɡrikʌltʃə
@1312082228
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+air conditioner
#
&
@1312082142
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+age
#
&
@1312082146
$3
+agency
#n.经销处, 代理行,部, 处,服务机构；(尤指)代理机构，经销机构,(政府的)专门机构,力量；能动作用，使然作用；动原；动作,
&ˈeidʒənsi
@1312082154
$3
+agenda
#
#abbr.adenovector 腺［病毒］携带者,adenoviral gene transfer 腺病毒基因转移,
2000年8月托福听力文字(较完整)
2000年8月托福听力文字1. man: Do you have this style shirt in my size1。
男:你这种样式的衬衫有我能穿的尺寸吗woman: I'll check. but. . . to tell you the truth, I think this one's right for you.女人:我查一下。
但是……实话告诉你,我认为这个你穿正合适。
《Q: what does the woman mean2 man: Oh, I'm sorry, I just realized that I forgot to bring the tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in my dorm.男:哦,对不起,我意识到,我忘记带你借给我的录音机。
我把它留在宿舍。
woman: that's all right. I won't need it until tonight. as long as I've got it by then.》女人:没关系。
我直到今晚才需要它,。
Q: what does the woman imply about the tape recorder3 man: So how much was your plane ticket3人:你的机票多少钱Baritone—woman: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into (浏览，稍加研究)my saving.女人:超过我能负担得起。
我不得不研究我的储蓄。
Q: what does the woman implyErod4 woman: We would be going to be busy days for me next semester. three class in the morning and then two more in the afternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.~4女人: 下学期将是我们忙碌的日子。
2000 年 l 月托福考试听力原文
2000 年 l 月听原文l. M: I'm really having trouble with this calculus course.If I can't start doing better soon, I'm Going to have to drop it.W: Why don't you get some he1p from the graduate assistance. That's what it is there for.What does the woman suggest the man do?2. W: Hey, don't forget to drop that book off at the library on your way home.M: 0h, thanks for reminding me. I am on my way.What wi1l the man probab1y do next?3. W:I sure wish I had a metric ruler with me .I need the measurements in millimeters, not in inches and I’m tires of converting.M: Would it make thing go faster if you borrow mine?What does the man imply?4. M: Good news. I'm not going to need surgery afterall .The doctor says l can start working out again soon. And maybe play soccer again in a few weeks.W: That's terrific .let would be great if you could get back in shape in time for the state tournament.What does the woman mean?5. M:I already know what I want to take next semester So why do I have to make an appointment to see myadvisor? All I need is her signature on my course sheet.W: I'm afraid it doesn't work that way. She has to talk with you to make sure everything is on the right.track.What does the woman mean?6. W: Prof. Smith sire was acting strangely today.M: I notice that too .She was talking so quietly and then not giving us any homework. Can you believe that?What can be inferred about Prof .Smith ?7. M: It's been pouring for three days now l begin to wonder if it will ever stop.W: And tomorrow is going to be my day at the beach.But if it doesn't clear up by then, I'll just have to forget about that.,What does the woman imply?8. M: What a boring speaker! I could hardly keep from falling asleep.W: Oh, I don't know about that. In fact, it's been a long time since I have heard anyone as good.What does the woman mean?9. W: Gee, Tom, I hear that you are working as a house.painter this summer .It's got to be awfully hot working up there on a 1adder in the blazing sun all day..'M: Well it's hard work, but I get to be outdoors and the pay decent.What does the man imply?l0. W: I've been working on this report all day. And I've sti1l got 12 pages to write. At this rate, I'll get it done by tomorrow.M: Oh, that's right .You weren't in class today, so you probably haven't heard that the deadline has been extended a week.What does the man imply?1l. M: Can you believe the way Larry was talking to his roommate? No wonder they don't get along.W: Well, maybe Larry was just reacting to something. his roommate said. There are two sides to every story you know.What does the woman mean?12.M: I just called the travel agent. It's all set. On June first, I'm hearing for the mountains for an entire.week.W: Have you checked the academic calendar?.Because my class aren't over till seventh.What does the woman imply?l3. M: What sort of grade did you get on your research paper? I know how hard you worked on it..W: Yeah, well, I was hoping for something really good.But the professor said that I made too many broad claims that weren't supported enough.What can be inferred about the woman's paper?14. W: The state ballets is coming to town next weekend, and I can't find a ticket anywhere.M: You know, my sister just happens to have one and she can't go. She's got some sort of conflict in her schedule.What does the man imply the woman should do?l5. M: Have you found out yet what hotel you will be staying in ? I'm at the Gordon right across the stress from the conference center.W: Huh, Lucky you .I'm at the Apple Gates six miles away.What does the woman mean?16. W: Joe, I thought your article on the school newspaper was right on target. You certainly convinced me anyway.M: Thanks Mary .Unfortunately, based on the general response, you and I are definitely in the minority.What does the man mean?l7. W: Why didn't you go to the hockey finals last weekend? You missed a great game.M: 0h, come on. You know how sensitive I am to loud noise.What can be inferred about the man?.l8. W: I know I promised to drive you to the airport next Tuesday. But I am afraid that something has come up .And they've called a special meeting at work.M: No big deal. Karen said she was available as a backup.What does the man mean?19. M: My telephone doesn't seem to be working. And have lots of calls that I have to return this afternoon.W: Feel free to use mine if you want, I'll be in a meeting till five.What does the woman suggest the man do?20. M:I don't think we have nearly enough information for our financia1 plan. But it's due tomorrow So I guess there isn't a lot we can do about it.W: Guess not. At this point, we will just have to make do with what we have got.What will the speakers probably do?21. W: Ever since your girlfriend moved to Bridgeport, you are always driving there. How many trips a week do you make anyway?M:I have lost count. But I can do it with my eyes closed.What does the man mean?22. M: I've noticed that you spend a lot of time tending to your garden. Do you think you might like to join the university gardening club? We meet every other Tuesday.W :Oh, thanks for the invitation .But this is how I relax. I'd rather not make it something formal and tructured.What does the woman imply?23. M: Does this music bother your studying, Pam?W: Actually I'm not studying any more, but I'm tryingto sleep.What does Pam imply?24. W: I think we should hold our first committee meeting in one of the meeting rooms of the library. So far, there are 8 of us who plan to come.M: Wow, if it there weren't more than four, I'd say that we have it over. at my place. But with 8 of us, I guess I'd have to get along with your suggestion.What does the man imply?25. M: I just don't know if you should call everyone to collect the data or just send out a questionnaire. But you'd better make a decision soon.W: I know .There is only one month till the election.What does the woman mean?26. W: What's with you? You sure don't 1ook like yourselfM: Stay away from me, I don't know what I've got.But whatever it is, you don't want to catch it.What can be inferred about the man?27.W: You waited at the Tear’s Cafe yesterday, d idn't you?Was there much of a wait to be seated?M: Was there? Wish I'd brought a book or something to occupy my time.What does the man imply about the Tear’s Cafe?28. W: I thought there was still time for me to apply for student loan. But someone just told me that the closing date was last Wednesday.M: Are you sure? I thought we still had another month.Wait, I've got a brochure right here. Yeah,Wednesday was the opening date.What does the man imply?29. M: This casserole really tastes good .I guess that's because the vegetables in it are fresh instead of canned,W: I know. Kind if a rare treat in this cafeteria.What does the woman mean?30. W:I don't think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.M:I know what you mean. But check out the cost of renting an apartment first, l wouldn't be surprised if you changed your mind.What does the man think the woman will do?Part BQuestions 3l-34. Listen to a conversation between two students who meet in front of the library.M: Hi, Sue. Where have you been?W: 0h, Hi, Dan, I was just at the library. I have to hand in my biology paper tomorrow.M: Tomorrow? 0h, no, I thought it wasn't due till Monday.W: 0h, Don't worry, It is due Monday. But I'm going away for the weekend and won't be back till Monday night.M: 0h, where are you going?W: California .We're having a family reunion. It is my grandmother's ninetieth birthday. So all the cousins and aunts and uncles are going .She planned the whole I thing herself.M: Wow. That's great .How many people wi1l be there?W: Around sixty. My family is big and spread up but we're pretty close .So have you started working on your biology paper?M: Yeah. I'm doing it on bees and how they're able to recognize whether another bee is related to them.W: How can they tell?M: They use their sense of smell. The sweat bees guard their nests this way. If another bee approaches the nest, the guard determines if the new bee if familiar. If it is, it's allowed to enter.W: Interesting. Can other insects do this? Well, the paper wasps can. Each wasp nest has a special combination of plant fibers and so the wasps that live there have an unique smell. Those two are the on1y kinds I've read about so far.M: Well, you've still got time .It sounds like that the bees are picky about who comes to their family reunion.3 l. what is the relationship between the speakers?32. Why was the man worried at first?33. According to the man, how do some bees use their sense of smell?34. What will the man probably' do over the weekend?What does the woman mean?Questions35-38.Listen to a conversation between two students.W: Hi, Jim. What are you doing?M: Oh Hi, Linda. I'm working on a report on energy resources for my environmental science class. But I'm having trouble finding enough information.W: know we were talking about sources of fuel in my.. l class today.M: Yeah?W: Prof. Collins. He is an authority on energy sources. He was telling us about a new way of getting fuel oi1 from coal.M:I didn't know that was possible.W: He said something about coal being sit on fire and blasted with a mixture of steam and oxygen. This process produces a gas made up of hydrogen and. carbon, the ...hum, the basic elements of oil.M: And then they do something to change that gas to oil?W: Right. First, since coal contains fewer hydrogen atoms than oil, they have to add some extra hydrogen to the gas .Then impurities are washed out with methanol, I think, before this gas is sent onto reactors where it's changed into oil.M: Since coal is so plentiful. I guess it won't be long till this new type of oil will be available all over the Place, ah ?W: I doubt it. Prof. Collins said something about the process not be economically enough to use in this country .At any rate, you really ought to talk to him.' He'll be able to help you more than I can and he's got office hours all afternoon todayM: Thanks. He's over in Anderson Hall, right?W: right.35. What are the students mainly discussing?36. How did the woman learn about the process she describes?.37. In the process described by the woman, why is the coal burned?38. What does the woman mention as a disadvantage of the process she describes?Questions 39-42 Listen to part of a music class. The professor is discussing a musical theater .It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, "The Lion King" especially, since it's based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music performed forBroadway theater in the heart of New York city surelywould seem to be in the western tradition ofpopular music and not have much in common with themusic we have been studying in this course.such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants ofSouth Africa, music that developed outside thewestern tradition of Europe and America. But in fact,musicians have a long -standing tradition ofborrowing from one another's cultures. And thisproduction's director intentionally included bothwestern and non-western music. That way, some of therhythms, instruments, harmonies typical ofnon-western music contrast with and complement popu1armusic more familiar to audiences in NorthAmerica and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadwaystyle show tunes. So I want to spend the rest ofthis class and most of the next one on the music from the Show "The Lion King" as a way ofsummarizing some of the technical distinctions betweentypical western music and the non-westernmusic that we've been studying. Now the Africaninfluence on the music is clear, the story takes placein Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound,And the songs even include words from Africa languages.But we'll get back to the African influenceLater. First let's turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in "The Lion King",Music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadowpuppet theater of that region.39. What is the talk mainly about?40. What can be inferred about most of the music the students have studied in the course?4l. Why were African words included in some songs forthe Broadway version of "The Line King"?42. What will the professor probably talk about next? Questions 43-46 Listen to part of a talk in a class on the . history of science.In ancient times, many people believed the earth was aflat disc. Well over 2000 years ago, theancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not.Direct observations of heavenly bodies was the basis ofboth these arguments. First, the Greeks knewthat during eclipses of the moon, the earth was betweenthe sun and the moon, and they saw that duringthese eclipses, the earth's shadow on the moon was a1ways..round. They realized that this could be trueonly if the earth was spherical. If the earth were a flat disc. then its shadow during eclipses would not'be a perfect circle, it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based onwhat the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed. lthat the North Star or Polaris, appeared lower inthe sky when they traveled south, in more northerlyregions, the North Star appeared to them to bemuch higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of theNorth Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of theEarth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says400,000 stadia, that's the plural of the word stadium.Today, it's not known exactly what length one stadium. represents, but let's say it was about 200 meters.The length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.43. What is the talk mainly ab0ut?44. According to the professor, what were the beliefs of the Greek philosophers based upon?45. What does the professor say about ancient Greeks who traveled south?46. What does the professor say the term stadium refers to?Ouestions47-50. Listen to the beginning of a lecture given. by a history professor Good morning, class. Before we begin today I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Peary was.the first person to reach the north Po1e. What l neglected to mention was the controversy around Peary's pioneering accomplishment. In l9l0, a committee of the national geographical society-examined Comrnodore Peary's claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th 1909 and found no reason to doubt him, This judgement was actually confirmed by a committee of the Us congress in l9l l, Nevertheless, Pearl's claim was surround by a controversy .this was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier, Over the decades Peary was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Peary's polar expedition. The documents supported Peary's c1aims about the distances he covered. After alsoconducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Peary at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th,l909. OK. today we're going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world. I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.47. Why did the professor mention the controversy surrounding Peary?48. Why did Doctor Cook maintain?49. How did the experts determine that Peary reached the North Pole?50. Which topic will most probably be included in the continuation of today's lecture?。
TOEFL听力文本及答案
TOEFL听⼒⽂本及答案2000年5⽉TOEFL听⼒试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) They don’t enjoy swimming.(B) They won’t go swimming in the lake today.(C) They don’t know how to swim.(D) They’ll swim in the lake tomorrow.2. (A) The style of sweater she’s wearin g is verycommon.(B) The man saw Jill wearing the sweater.(C) She wore the sweater for the first timeyesterday.(D) She usually doesn’t borrow clothes fromJill.3. (A) He went to see the dentist a week ago.(B) The woman should cancel her appointmentwith the dentist.(C) The woman’s toothache will go away byitself.(D) The woman should have seen the dentist bynow.4. (A) She’s planning a trip to Antarctica.(B) She thinks attending the lecture will behelpful to her.(C) Her geography class is required to attendthe lecture.(D)She has already finished writing her report.5. (A) The woman should join the chess club.(B) He’s not a very good chess player.(C) The woman needs a lot of time to playchess.(D) He’s willing to teach the woman how toplay chess.6. (A) Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.(B) Return the novel to Alice immediately.(C) Help the man find this own copy of thenovel.(D) Find out how much the novel costs.7. (A) He has already tasted the chocolatepudding.(B) Chocolate is his favorite flavor.(C) He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding(D) There is no more chocolate pudding left.8. (A) See the movie at a theater close by.(B) Wait until later to see the moive.(C) Consider seeing an English version of themovie.(D) Call the Pine Street Cinema to see whattime the movie starts. 9. (A) He doesn’t know how to find the student’s grade.(B) He doesn’t know if Dr. Wilson has finishedgrading the midterm exams.(C) He isn’t allowed to tell the student hergrade.(D) Dr. Wilson doesn’t want to be contactedwhile she’s away.10. (A) She had to wait even longer than the mandid to have her car inspected.(B)The man should have had his car inspectedsooner.(C)The auto inspection center will be closedat the end of the month.(D)The man doesn’t need to have his carinspected until next month.11. (A) He can act as a subject in the experiment.(B) He thinks the woman’s experiment isdifficult to understand.(C) He’s busy working on his own experment.(D) He’s willing to help the woman run theexperiment.12. (A) Look for the misplaced check.(B) Ask the bookstore for a refund.(C) Borrow some cash from the woman.(D) Repair his desk.13. (A) He hadn’t heard that Karen had a new roommate.(B) Karen wouldn’t give specific reasons for her feelings.(C) He thinks that Karen shouldn’t be angry.(D) Karen won’t be getting a new roommate after all.14. (A)The woman didn’t submit the thesis proposal to him on time.(B) He returned the thesis proposal to the woman a week ago.(C) He hasn’t read the thesis proposal yet.(D) The thes is proposal isn’t acceptable.15. (A) It only cost $400.(B) He bought it a year ago.(C) Write down the directions to the supermarket.(D) Check to see if the stew is ready.16. (A) Purchase some ingredients.(B) Give the man a recipe.(C) Write down the directions to the supermarket.(D) Check to see if the stew is ready.17. (A) He arrived at the theater late.(B) He left his watch in the theater.(C) The production seemed much shorter than it actually was.(D) He did not enjoy the production.18. (A) He can’t understand the instructions.(B) He doesn’t have a computer.(C) He has a degree in computer science.(D) He needs to take his computer to berepqired.19. (A) Arrange by phone to have a bucket delivered.(B) Deliver the papers herself.(C) Take her recycling to the town office.(D) Return the bucket to the recycling department.20. (A) She prefers her eggs fried.(B) She never eats breakfast.(C) She gets an allergic reaction when eating eggs.(D) She doesn’t eat a lot for breakfast.21.(A) He doesn’t know anything about engineering.(B) He wants the woman to postpone the talk.(C) He hasn’t finished preparing for his presentation.(D) He regularly gives talks to high school students.22. (A) He told the woman to take seven courses this semester.(B) He knew that the woman’s schedulewouldbe too difficult for her.(C) His current schedule is also very demanding.(D) Taking so many classes will enable the woman to graduate early.23. (A) He needs help repairing his truck.(B) He doesn’t want to use his truck for thefield trip.(C) The woman can use his truck if she agrees to drive.(D) He doesn’t think all the t elescopes will fitin his truck.24. (A) Dr. Luby won’t be taking students to New York this year.(B) She doesn’t know where the man can buy theater tickets.(C) Dr. Luby is performing in a play on Broadway.(D) She’s going on a thea ter trip with Dr. Luby. Elizabeth.25. (A) The woman’s source of information is reliable.(B) He didn’t enjoy taking history with Dr. Parker.(C) He thought Dr. Parker’s tests were easy.(D) Dr. Parker is no longer teaching history.26. (A) The man doesn’t have air-conditioning.(B)The man’s air conditioner is broken.(C) The man hasn’t been using his air conditioner.(D) The summer has been unusually hot.27. (A) He has decided how he’s going to spend the prize money.(B) He doesn’t know how much his rent is going to increase.(C) He’s already planning to enter next year’s essay contest.(D) He has already paid his landlord for next year’s rent.28. (A) He’ll probably postpone the test until after he talks(B) He usually tells the students ahead of time what will be on his tests.(C) He’ll probably talk about chapter 16 inclass today.(D) He might test the students on material not discussed in class29. (A) He has been applying only for advertisedjobs.(B) He’s conviced that there’s a shortage of jobs.(C) He doesn’t have time to read all the job ads.(D) He’ll help the woman find a job.30. (A) To make plans for the evening.(B) To ask her about the assignment.(C) To talk to her roommate.(D) To give her some information.31. (A) A class presentation they’re preparing.(B) A television program the man is watching.(C)Visiting a close fiend of theirs.(D) Studying for a test.32.(A) He’s taking a break from studying.(B) He has already finished studying.(C) He was assigned to watch a program byhis professor.(D) He’s finding out some information for a friend.33. (A) He didn’t know that she was enrolled in a linear algebra course.(B) He thought she preferred to study alone.(C) He thought she had made arrangements to study with(D) He had told her that he had done poorly ona recent test.34. (A) He and Elizabeth argued recently.(B) He heard Elizabeth did poorly on the last test.(C) He doesn’t want to bother Elizabeth solate in the evening.(D) He’d rather study in his own dormitory.35. (A) A more economical diesel fuel.(B) Characteristics of a new type of fuel.(C) Where a new energy source is located.(D) How to develop alternative energy sources.36. (A) He’s studying for a test.(B) He lost his notes.(C) He missed the class.(D) He’s doing research on alternative.37. (A) It will reduce the amount of pollutants in the air.(B) It will increase the amount of unpleasant odors from wehicles.(C) It will eventually destroy the ozone layer.(D) It will reduce the cost of running large vehicles.38. (A) It’s expensive to manufacture.(B) It’s hasn’t been adeq uately tested.(C) It damages car engines.(D) It’s dangerous to transport.39. (A) To help him explain the information to his roommate.(B) To help him write a paper.(C) To prepare for a test.(D) To tell her if the notes are accurate.40. (A) The life and times of an important modern poet.(B) How a poem’s images relate to its meaning.(C) The musical quality of modern poetry.(D) The poems of Gertrude Stein.41. (A) She’s the most famous of the modern poets.(B) She didn’t pu blish any of her works in her lifetime.(C) She was better known as a prose writerthan as a poet.(D) She began her career as a writer relatively late in her life.42. (A) It reflects poetic techniques that were rejected by modern poets.(B) It’s from a poem that the students have read.(C) It’s the title of a poem by John Ashbery.(D) It’s an example of a statement that is “empty” but pleasing to hear.43. (A) Read some poems out loud.(B) Research the life of Gertrude Stein.(C) Compare the poems of Gertrude Stein to the poems of John Ashbery.(D) Write a few lines of poetry.44. (A) Employment in the fishing and whaling industries.(B) Nineteenth-century sea captains.(C) The economic importance of sailing ships.(D) The development of the steamship.45. (A) They were protected by a strong United States Navy.(B) They were supported by a well-developed railroad(C) Most crew members had experience on foreign ships.(D) As part owners of the ships, captains got some of the profits.46. (A) They carried passengers ,but not cargo.(B) They were large, but surprisingly fast.(C) They were the first successfulsteam-powered ships.(D) They were more reliable than other shipsof the 1860’s.47. (A) It’s now taught with the aid of computers.(B) It isn’t considered as important today as it was in the past.(C) Children today learn it earlier than children did in the past.(D) A lot of times is spent teaching it.48. (A) To indicate the emphasis teachers onceplaced on penmanship.(B) To criticize a technique used to motivatechildren.(C) To illustrate the benefits of competition.(D) To suggest that teachers be recognized fortheir efforts.49. (A) How educators create a curriculum.(B) Why some parents object to the teachingof penmanship.(C) The standards for penmanship in statecurricula.(D) The effects of rewarding goodpenmanship.50. (A) The number of hours per week that mustbe spent teaching penmanship.(B) The level of penmanship a child isexpected to have.(C) The recommended method for teachingpenmanship.(D) The reason computers should be used tohelp in the teaching of penmanship答案：BBDBD ACACB DABCC BDAAD CBBDC CADBD DADCB CAACC CDACD BBACB童年时，家是⼀声呼唤。
TOEFL？老托福听力PartC原文5篇word版
英语学习无论对于学生还是职场人士来说都是非常重要的，很多要出国留学的学生需要准备对应的托福、雅思、SAT、GRE、GMAT等留学考试，获得较高的分数才能申请相对较好的国外大学。
国内大学生经常要备考的是四六级考试，能在四六级考试中获得较高的分数，在今后的职场工作总也会有一定的优势。
英语的学习词汇是基础，各个不同等级的考试对于词汇量的要求也不同，一般要求的词汇量在3000-20000不等。
学好英语在掌握足够词汇量的基础上还要对语法有一定的了解，生活中多练习口语，掌握一些口语交流技能。
为大家整理汇总了下述英语学习材料，方便大家学习查看。
为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理老托福听力PartC原文，下面就和大家，来欣一下吧。
老托福听力PartC原文1Everyone is interested in improving their diet.每个人都对他们的饮食感兴趣。
Adding grains is one of the easiest ways.增加谷物是最容易的方法之一。
Many people in the United States have a growing concern about nutrition, sograins are often served in restaurants.在美国，关于营养，许多人越来越关注，所以谷物在餐厅里经常摆上餐桌。
And many grains are now available in grocery stores, too, though for someyou still have to go to health food stores.而且，现在许多谷物也可在食品杂货店买到，尽管你们中的某些人依然不得不去健康食品店。
You can stock up when you go, though, because uncooked grains keep a longtime.不过，当你去的时候你可以囤货，因为没有煮过的谷物保存时间长。
托福TPO8听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
托福TPO8听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO8听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO8听力Conversation2文本Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a business professor.Pro: So, Richard... what’s up?Stu: Well, I know we have a test coming up on chapters, um…Pro: Chapters 3 and 4 from your textbook.Stu: Right, 3 and 4. Well, I didn’t get something you said in class Monday.Pro: Alright. Do you remember what it was about?Stu: Yeah, you were talking about a gym... a health club where people can go to exercise, that kind of thing.Pro: Ok, but the health club model is actually from chapter 5, so…Stu: Oh, chapter 5? Oh so it not... OK, but I guess I still want to try to understand…Pro: Of course. Well, I was talking about an issue in strategic marketing, the health club model; I mean with a health club you might think they would have trouble attracting customers, right?Stu: Well, I know when I pass by a health club and I see all those people working out. They’re exercising. I just as soon walk on by.Pro: Yes, there is that. Plus, lots of people have exercise equipment at home, or they can play sports with their friends. Right?Stu: Sure.Pro: But nowadays, in spite of all that, and expensivemembership fees, health clubs are hugely popular, so how come?Stu: I guess that is what I didn’t understand.Pro: Ok, basically they have to offer things that most people can’t find anywhere else – (you know) quality. That means better exercise equipment, high-end stuff,and classes... exercise classes, maybe aerobics.Stu: I am not sure if I…ok I get it. Yeah. A nd you know another thing is I think people probably feel good about themselves when they are at the gym. And they can meet new people, socialize.Pro: Right, so health clubs offer high quality facilities. And also they sell an image about people having more fun, relating better to others and improving their own lives if they become members.Stu: Sure, that makes sense.Pro: Well, then, can you think of another business or organization that could benefit from doing this?Stu: Um…Pro: Think about an important building on campus here, something everyone uses, a major source of information.Stu: You mean like an administrative building?Pro: Well, that’s not what I had in mind.Stu: Oh, you mean the library!Pro: Exactly, libraries. Imagine public libraries; t hey’re an information resource for the whole community, right?Stu: Well, they can be, but now with the internet and big book stores, you can probably get what you need without going to a library.Pro: That’s true. So if you were the director of a public library, what would you do about that?Stu: To get more people to stop in? Well, like you said, better equipment, maybe a super-fast internet connection, and not just a good variety of books, but also like nice comfortable areas where people can read and do research. Things that make them want to come to the library and stay.Pro: Great!Stu: Oh, and maybe have authors come and do some readings or ... I don’t know, special presentations. Something people couldn’t get at home.。
老托福听力精选PartC原文汇总5篇
老托福听力精选PartC原文汇总5篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理老托福听力PartC原文，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
老托福听力PartC原文1Were going to start today talking about congressional aides, that is, the people who work for our congressional representatives, both in Washington and in the representatives local districts.今日我们将要开头谈谈国会助手，也就是说，为我们国会代表工作的人，既在华盛顿，又在代表当地的区域。
It used to be that members of Congress had a relatively small staff of people working for them, and the role of these people wasnt of primary importance.过去曾经是国会议员们有一个相对小的员工(规模、群体、数量)为他们工作，这些人的角色不是最重要的。
But now there are thousands of congressional aides, and theyve profoundly affected the way the whole government works.但现在有成千上万的国会助手，而且他们已经深深地影响到了整个政府工作的方式。
Congressional aides work in two different locations: one, in the congressional representatives local offices, the districts from which they were elected, and two, in Washington.国会助手在两个不同的地点工作：一，在国会代表的当地办公室，在他们被选举的地区，二，在华盛顿。
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选老托福听力PartC原文Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program.晚上好，我的名字叫Pam Jones，代表现代舞俱乐部，我想欢迎大家来到今晚的节目。
The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet.本俱乐部很荣幸地介绍Catherine Wheel(凯萨琳车轮)的电视版，Twyla Tharp的摇滚芭蕾舞。
This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production.这个芭蕾舞的视频版在观众中甚至已获得比原始的剧场作品更大的成功。
It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.它包括了一些动画，慢动作，和静止动作等能真正帮助观众理解舞蹈。
The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D.这个作品的名字指的是Saint Catherine(圣凯瑟琳)，她于公元307年死于一个轮子上Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework.现如今，Catherine Wheel也是一种烟火(转轮烟火)It looks something like a pinwheel.它看起来像某种转轮焰火。
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文汇总3篇
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文汇总3篇TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文汇总1The winds of a tornado are the most violent and destructive ones on Earth.龙卷风是地球上最猛烈和最具破坏性的风。
Any of you who have seen one knows very well how frightening and powerful they are.任何看见过龙卷风的人都非常了解他们是多么令人恐惧和强大。
What's interesting about them is that scientists don't actually know exactly why tornadoes occur.关于它们有意思的是科学家事实上并不确切地知道龙卷风为什么发生。
We do know, however, what happens when tornadoes are formed.然而，我们的确知道，当龙卷风形成时发生了什么。
As you remember, a front occurs when cool, dry air from the north meets warm, humid air ing from the south, from the Gulf of Mexico, for tornadoes in the United States.正如你们所记得的，当来自北方的凉爽干燥的空气遇到来自南方，来自墨西哥湾的温暖湿润的空气，会出现一个峰，形成在美国的龙卷风。
Where these air masses meet, a narrow zone of storm clouds develops, and thunderstorms, and sometimes tornadoes, occur.在这些气团相遇的地方，一个狭窄的暴风雨云团地带形成了，还有雷暴，以及有时会发生龙卷风。
2000年8月TOEFL考试试题.doc
2000年8月TOEFL考试试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) She doesn’t think the shirt comes in a bigger size.(B) She thinks shirt will fit the man.(C) A checked shirt won’t look good on the man.(D) The bigger sizes are more expensive.2. (A) She expects the man to have it.(B) She’s angry with the man for forgetting it.(C) She doesn’t know where it is.(D) She’d like the man to return it by tonight.3. (A) She didn’t buy the ticket.(B) The ticket was expensive.(C) She doesn’t know how much the ticket cost.(D) There are still a few tickets left.4. (A) Eat a bigger breakfast.(B) Make time for lunch in her schedule.(C) Take only morning classes next semester.(D) Change her schedule after she eats lunch.5. (A) He’s quitting the band for academic reasons.(B) He didn’t enjoy being a member of the band.(C) He’s getting academic credit for being in the band.(D) He’s taking time off from his studies to join the band.6. (A) His suit nbsp;is too old to wear.(B) He doesn’t want to buy new clothes.(C) He doesn’t want to wear a suit.(D) He’ll go shopping with the woman.7. (A) Calculate the bill again.(B) Refuse to pay the bill.(C) He doesn’t want to wear a suit.(D) He’ll go shopping with the woman.8. (A) Sara rarely makes mistakes.(B) Sara usually says what she thinks.(C) Sara’s boss is hard to work with.(D) The secretary wasn’t hard worker.9. (A) She’d prefer to see a different type of movie than a comedy.(B) She has already finished her research paper.(C) She won’t be able to go to a movie with the man.(D) She’d like the。
老托福听力精选PartC原文5篇
老托福听力精选PartC原文5篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理老托福听力PartC原文，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
老托福听力PartC原文1Before I tell you about the interesting discovery related to Tyrannosaurus rex, I need to review something we studied last semester, the difference between what are commonly called cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals.在我告知你们和Tyrannosaurus(暴龙/霸王龙)rex(雷克斯霸王龙/雷克斯暴龙)有关的好玩发觉之前，我需要回顾一下我们上学期学过的内容，通常被称作冷血和温血动物之间的区分In warm-blooded animals, birds and mammals, for example, the body temperature normally stays within a narrow range, no matter what the outside temperature is.在温血动物中，举例来说，鸟类和哺乳动物，体温通常保持在一个小范围内，不管外面温度是多少。
As a result, a warm-blooded animal is usually active in both cold and hot weather because its body temperature can adjust to the temperature of its environment.结果，温血动物通常在冷热天气中都很活跃，由于它的体温能适应它的环境温度On the other hand, cold-blooded animals, such as most reptiles, amphibians, and insects, are unable to create enough heat internally to raise their temperature above the temperature of the environment.另一方面，冷血动物，比如大多数的爬行动物，两栖动物，和昆虫，不能产生足够的内在的热量来把它们的温度提升到环境温度之上。
2000年英语专业八级考试听力MP3附听力原文
2000年英语专业八级考试听力MP3附听力原文附听力原文Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min) SECTION A TALK Questions Questions 1 1 1 to to to 5 5 5 refer refer refer to to to the the the talk talk talk in in in this this this section .At section .At the the end end end of of of the the the talk talk talk you you you will will will be be be given given given 15 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk. 1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___. A. the legislature B. the librarian C. John Harvard D. the faculty members 2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library because books ___. A. could be lent to everyone B. could be lent by book stores C. were lent to students and the faculty D. were lent on a membership basis 3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free public libraries A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms. B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education. C. To serve the community’s cu ltural and recreational needs. D. To supply technical literature on specialized subjects. 4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies i n ___. A. readership B. content C. service D. function 5. The main purpose of the talk is ___. A. to introduce categories of books in US libraries B. to demonstrate the importance of US libraries C. to explain the roles of different US libraries D. to define the circulation system of US librariesSECTION B INTERVIEW 6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ___. A. she owned a car B. she drove well C. she liked drivers’ uniforms D. it was her childhood dream 7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver A. The right sense of direction. B. The sense of judgment. C. The skill of maneuvering. D. The size of vehicles. 8. What does Nancy like best about her job A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city. B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature. C. Driving in unsettled weather. D. Taking long drives outside the city.? 9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a(n) ___ mother. A. uncaring B. strict C. affectionate D. permissive 10. The people Nancy meets are A. rather difficult to please B. rude to women drivers C. talkative and generous with tips D. different in personality SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST11. The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___. A. to tighten control on tobacco advertising B. to impose penalties on tobacco companies C. to start a national anti-smoking campaign D. to ensure the health of American children 12. The French Presiden t’s visit to Japan aims at ___. A. making more investments in Japan B. stimulating Japanese businesses in France? C. helping boost the Japanese economy D. launching a film festival in Japan 13. This is Jacqu es Chirac’s ___ visit to Japan.A. second B. fourteenth C. fortieth D. forty-first 14. Afghan people are suffering from starvation because ___. A. melting snow begins to block the mountain paths B. the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocks C. the Taliban are hindering food deliveries D. an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled 15. people in Afghanistan are facing starvation. A. 160,000 B. 16,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 100 ,000 SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING On Public Speaking When people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (1)______ that people are usually engaged in. Public speaking is a way for a speaker to his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free (2)______ to decide on the (3)___ ___ of his speech.. Two key points to achieve success in public speaking: —of the subject matter. (4)______ —good preparation of the speech. To To facilitate facilitate facilitate their their their understanding, understanding, understanding, inform inform inform your your your audience audience audience beforehand beforehand beforehand of of of the the (5)______ (5)______ of of of your your speech, and end it with a summary. Other key points to bear in mind: —be aware of your audience through eye contact. —vary the speed of (6)______ —use the microphone skillfully to (7)______ yourself in speech. —be brief in speech; always try to make your message (8)______ Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are the (9)______ ones. Therefore, brevity is essential to the (10)_____ of a speech. (1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______ (6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______ 。
老托福听力PartC原文汇总
老托福听力PartC原文汇总老托福听力PartC原文1Today we're going to practice evaluating the main tool used when addressing groups—the voice.今天我们将练习评估当向群体致辞时所使用的主要工具——声音。
There are three main elements that combine to create either a positive or negative experience for listeners.有三个主要元素结合一起会导致听众要么正面要么负面的体验。
They can result in a voice that is pleasing to listen to and can be used effectively.他们能导致一个令人听起来愉快的声音，并且能被有效地使用Or they can create a voice that doesn't hold attention, or even worse, causes an adverse reaction.或者他们能制造一个不能抓住注意力的声音，或者甚至更糟，引起一个不良反应。
The three elements are volume, pitch, and pace.这三个元素是音量，音高，和语速When evaluating volume, keep in mind that a good speaker will adjust to the size of both the room and the audience.当评估音量时，记住一个好的演讲者将会调整以适应屋子的大小以及听众的规模。
Of course, with an amplifying device like a microphone, the speaker can use a natural tone.当然，用一个放大装置如麦克风，演讲者能使用一个自然的口吻。
0208托福听力文字
蓝色字为注释，红色字为尚待校正部分。
02年 08月托福听力原文Part A1. A: We've got an hour before our next class, would you like to get something toeat here?B: I can join you for a quick sandwich, but I need to run some errands afterward.2. A: When is the garbage picked up here?B: On Wednesdays, but I always put the cans out on Tuesday night, so I don't miss the trucks in the morning.3. A: Hey, how come you never took that introductory math class? You know, the oneeveryone else had to take, I thought it was a university wide requirement for graduation.B: Oh, I took a similar class in high school. They said that's all I needed. 4. A: Why are you going home to see your parents this weekend?B: I need my dad's help to fill up this loan application.5. A: Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest pay phone is?B: Well, the nearest one is in the library. But that closed an hour ago. I think the next closest one is probably in the student center.6. A: I heard you needed people to bring stuff for a picnic, I was thinking of makinga salad or something. But I’m not sure how much we'll need. Any idea how manypeople are coming?B: Don't worry about it. Everything’s already been taken care of.7. A: I'm not sure which tie to wear in my interview, what do you think of this redone?B: Maybe you should consider wearing a different one.8. A: I'm going to be out of town all next week, and I’m looking for someone tofeed my cat while I'm gone, you don't suppose I could talk you into it, do you?B: You know, I’d be glad to, but I’ll be away next week too, but you know what?Let me give my sister a call. She loves animals, and she lives only a couple of blocks from your apartment.9. A: Did you see that new artwork插图,艺术作品? You know that poster they justput up in the cafeteria; I wonder whose bright idea that was?B: You know there's nothing wrong with the poster itself, it just doesn't go with the colors in the cafeteria.10. A: You know that report was due in my office a couple of days ago, Where is it?B: I’m sorry. It’s coming along取得进展, but as long as computers done, I can finish it.11. A: Look, we’re almost out of gas. We’d better stop at the next gas station.B: we have enough to make it to the campus. If we stop now, we’ll be late for classQ: What does the woman imply?12. A: I don't know what to do, I have two papers due next week, and there’s noway I’m going to get both done.B: Have you ask your professors to extend the deadlines? They are usually pretty good about that sort of thing, but if you're gonna ask them, don’t wait till the last minute.13. A: You know, Mary, I met your twin sister the other day, and you two look somuch alike, and I don't how people ever tell you apart.B: Actually it's not that difficult, because she always wears dresses, and I'm usually in a T-shirt and a pair of old jeans.Q: What does Mary mean?14. A: Excuse me, do you sell calculators? I looked over in the office supply section,but I couldn't find any.B: That is where you'd find them, but we're all sold out, we probably won't have any in for a few more weeks.Q: What does the man mean?15. A: Do you have a few minutes to look over this outline for next week's debatewith me? I need to know if I have enough support for my arguments.B: I'm tied up in the moment, why don't come back during my office hours.Q: What does the woman mean?16. A: You're taking another computer class? I thought you've already had a degreein computer science.B: I do, but the technology keeps changing all the time, this is the best way to keep up with it.17. A: Would you like me to water your plants while you are away?B: Thanks for the offer, but Mark already said he'd keep an eye on them. 18. A: I never should have taken that biology course, I mean I barely finish withbackground readings for one experiment and professor Jordan slaps on（增加）another reading assignment. I just can't keep up you know B: Yeah, I know, that’s what everybody says at first, but bear with her, the reading load's getting lighter, you see, and you won't be sorry.Q: What does the woman mean?19. A: I feel awful, I’m thinking maybe if I go to the clinic they who give mesomething to make me feel better,B: I’m no expert, but I know how hectic（紧张忙碌的）your schedule is these days between your studying for finals and your part time job, you never back to the dorm before midnight. Maybe you should try slowing down a little, 20. A: Are we still going ice-skating after work today?B: Ice-skates, oh, shoot（做了蠢事或事情出了差错感到懊恼，避免说 shit）, I knewI left something at home when I got here this morning.21. A: I'm weeding out(清除) some old clothes from my closet.B: Why don't you put them in the bags for charity?22. A: Do you think you could lend me a few dollars until tomorrow, I left my walletat home and I don't have enough money for lunch?B: Why don't just let me treat you. I just got paid, besides I owe you for helpingme with that physics project last month23. A: Are you going to keep your part-time job next semester at the biologylaboratory or are you going to try for a different laboratory this time B: Actually neither. One semester as a lab assistant is enough. Washing test tubes can get old pretty fast.(洗刷试管会让人很快变老老的)24. A: How about getting you father a book on tape for a present, this bookstorehas ones covering everything from mysteries to historical novels, and they’re really popular.B: Well, he does spend a lot time driving; he could listen to them on the way to work.25. A: Hey, So how are things going with you and your new roommate, is she stillreally neat and organized about everything,B: Yeah, she is, I mean she's nothing like my last roommate, I guess it’s just going to get a little while for me to get used to it.26. A: I was just about to go to the art exhibit, would you like to go over therewith me?B: I made plans with Susan to go tomorrow afternoon27. A: You haven't seen my biology notes, have you? I’m almost positive I left themon my desk, and now I can't find them.B: Hum, I don't think I have. Did you try checking your book bag?28. A: This weather is unbelievable. I can't remember the last time we had such awarm winter, isn’t it great?B: Not if you like to ski, it isn't.（如果你喜欢滑雪的话，就不会这样说。
2000专八听力材料
Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.A. the legislatureB. the librarianC. John HarvardD. the faculty members2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library bec ause books ___.A. could be lent to everyoneB. could be lent by book storesC. were lent to students and the facultyD. were lent on a membership basis3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries?A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education.C. To serve the community’s cultural and recreational needs.D. To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies i n ___.A. readershipB. contentC. serviceD.function5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.A. to introduce categories of books in US librariesB. to demonstrate the importance of US librariesC. to explain the roles of different US librariesD. to define the circulation system of US librariesSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ___.A. she owned a carB. she drove wellC. she liked drivers’ uniformsD. it was her childhood dream7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver?A. The right sense of direction.B. The sense of judgment.C. The skill of maneuvering.D. The size of vehicles.8. What does Nancy like best about her job?A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C. Driving in unsettled weather.D. Taking long drives outside the city.9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a(n) ___ moth er.A. uncaringB. strictC. affectionateD. perm issive10. The people Nancy meets areA. rather difficult to pleaseB. rude to women driversC. talkative and generous with tipsD. different in personality答案部分听力原文PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKThe earliest libraries existed thousands of years ago in China and Egypt wh ere collections of records on tablets of baked clay were kept in temples and roy al palaces. In the western world, libraries were first established is Ancient Gr eece. For example, Aristotle once had a research library in the 3rd century B. C. The first library in the Unites States was a private library, which could only b e used by authorized readers. In 1633, John Harvard gave money and more than 300 books to a newly-established college in Massachusetts. In return for his genero sity, the legislature voted the school be named Harvard College. The librarian t here set rules for the new library. Only college students and faculty members co uld use the books. No book could be lent for more than one month.The earliest public library was established in Philadelphia in 1731. Although th is library was open to every one, all readers had to pay a membership or subscri ption fee in order to borrow books. Very few subscription libraries exist today. Some book and stationary stores maintain small rental libraries, where anyone m ay borrow books for a daily charge. The first truly free public library that cir culated books to every one at no cost was started at a small New England town in 1833. Today, there are more than 7,000 free public libraries throughout the US. They contain about 160 million books which were circulated to over 52 million r eaders.Historically, the major purpose of free public libraries was educational. They were expected to provide adults with the opportunity to continue their educ ation after they left school. So the function of public library was once describ ed as “less reservoir than a fountain”. In other words, emphasis was to be pla ce don wide circulation rather than on collecting and storing books. Over the year s public library services have greatly expanded. In addition to their continuing and important educational role, public libraries provide culture and recreation , and they are trying to fill many changing community needs. Most libraries offe r browsing rooms where readers can relax on comfortable chairs and read current newspapers and magazines. Many also circulate music records. Library programs of films, lectures, reading clubs, and concerts also attract library users. In addition to books, records,periodicals, and reference material, libraries pr ovide technical information such as books and pamphlets on gardening, carpentry and other specialized fields of interests. The largest public library in the US is the Library of Congress. It was originally planned as the reference library f or the federal legislature. Today in addition to that important function, it ser ves as the reference library for the public, and sends out many books to other l ibraries on inter-library-loan system.Unlike free pubic libraries, which open to everyone, private libraries can be u sed only by authorized readers. Many industrial and scientific organizations and business firms have collections of books, journals and research data for their staffs. Several private historical associations have research collections of spe cial interest to their members. In addition, many elementary and secondary schoo ls operate libraries for use by students and teachers. Prisons and hospitals mai ntain libraries too. The largest and the most important private libraries are operated by colleges an d universities, and axe used by students, faculty members, and occasionally by v isiting scholars. Many universities have special libraries for research in parti cular fields, such as law, medicine and education. Recent surveys report that me re than 300 million books are available in these academic libraries and they are regularly used by over 8 million students.SECTION B INTERVIEW(I: Interviewer N: Nancy)I: Hello, Nancy, I know you are one of a few women taxi drivers in the c ity now, and you drive for a living. What made you want to be a common taxi driver in the first place?N: I took pride in driving well, even when I was young for I have to wait until I have a car to learn to drive. When I finally learned, it was something I reall y enjoyed and still enjoy. I remember how smart those taxi drivers have seemed driving so well, and dressed so neatly in their uniforms. I thought I’d like to do that myself.I: You really enjoy driving, I see. And how long have you been a taxi driver?N: Eh, altogether 12 years.I: Mm, it’s been quite some time already, hasn’t it?N: Yeah.I: Then, what did you find the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver?N: I can still remember when I was first learning to drive. It was scary I didn ’ t know yet how to judge distance. And when a big truck came near, it seemed like a wheel was just coming right over me. Anyway, soon I learned to judge distance . I began to look ahead, stopped worrying about trucks and about what was moving on either side.I: In your opinion, what does it take to become a good taxi driver?N: Eh, besides driving well, the most important thing to a taxi driver needs to know is the streets and I know the city well because I have lived in it for a long time. I know all the main streets, and even the side streets. And of course, you ha ve to keep updating your knowledge of the streets because the city changes. Ther e might be a new road appearing somewhere one day.I: Now, what about annual leaves? Do you have them?N: Oh, yes. When I first started, I had only 10 days. Now I have 3 weeks every y ear with pay.I: Just out of curiosity. When you go on vacation to another place or city, do y ou drive there as well?N: In most cases, not. I prefer to be driven by others if I go by car. I would a lso prefer to go by train or plane, if there is a choice. I have already had too much driving in my life, so when I’m on holiday, I just want to relax.I: Oh, I see. Let’s come back to your work. Are there any unpleasant aspects in your job?N: The only serious difficulty in this work is that it’s sometimes dangerous to drive at night. But you have choices, and I always choose to work days rather than at night.I: What’ s the best part of your job?N: I soon found that what I like best about the job was being outdoors, seeing h ow this city changes from season to season. And there are places of scene I woul d probably never have seen in another job. And I love all kinds of weather. I li ke to leave the window down in a fine rain, and, and when I have a long drive, m aybe end-of the day, I sometimes go pass my home to tell my two little children I’ll be home soon, when they always want to come along in my car.I: Do they? I guess kids all like to be taken for a ride sometimes.N: Yes, but you can not take any all along, and thus they pay or you pay for the m. So I’ve to pay their fares one of these days, and take them out in my taxi, b ecause I really think it is fun out into the country side on the long drive, wit h the fresh air and sun shining. You just seem to want to drive for ever. At lea st that is how it’s for me.I: Being a taxi driver, you have to meet all kinds of people. How do you feel ab out that?N: I enjoy meeting many different people. I might not have met some of them if n ot for this job. I learned a lot how people behave in these years.I: Can you tell us a bit more about it?N: The biggest advantage is that you come across various characters in your work . Some people are interesting, some rushed, some pleasant, some funny, some talk ative, some so pressed for time that they change clothes in the taxi. Those who are in greatest rush would sometimes forget to pay.I: Have you ever met some people who don’t like women drivers?N: Yeah. Once a passenger really objected to having a woman driver. That I laugh ed him so much that he stopped his fussing. Although there has been one or two c ases like this, I still think most people are nice to woman drivers. So this is really an interesting part of my work.I: Now my last question. Have you ever thought of changing your job?N: Not yet. I might in a few years time, but not at this moment, because I reall y enjoy my work. And I do get lots of satisfaction out of it. So why should I?I: Ok. Our interview is coming to the end. I’d like to wind up our interview by wishing you good luck in your job. Thank you very much for your time, Nancy.N: Pleasure.SECTION A TALK1.答案：B【问句译文】是谁起草了美国第一所私人图书馆的规章制度的？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
历年托福听力考试2000_10
M: I can't seem to find my calculator. Did I lend to you by any chance?W: No, but you are welcome to mine if you need it, as long as I get it back by Thursday.Q: What does the woman mean?2.M: Wah, I’ve already taken one of those pills for my he adache, but it's still bothering me.W: Why not take another? The recommended dose.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?3.W: Do you want to go running down by the lake after psychology class. I really like to take advantage of the beautiful weather this afternoon.M: Well, normally I begin to gather with my study group then, but I guess I can skip that just this onceQ: What does the man imply?4.W: Great hair-cut, James. You go to a new barbershop or something?M: Oh, thanks. No, it was the same place, just another guy.Q: What does the man mean?5.M: I can't believe it. at the bookstore today, i had to unload two dozens boxes of textbooks,and there are more to do tomorrow.W: But it's always busy at the start of a new year, isn't it?Q: What does the woman imply?W: Oh, man, I feel awful. I think I’m coming down with that flu everybody's been late up with. Do you have it too?M: No, I mean I probably look terrible 'cause i stayed up all last night studying, but I should be fine after some sleep.Q: What does the man mean?7.M: Excuse me, can you tell me which bus to take to get to the art museum?W: Well, that would be the number of 42. But I wouldn't think you want to go there today.They are closed on Mondays.Q: What does the woman mean?8.M: I really like this green jacket. The (finet) is perfect, but I’m not sure about the color.What do you think?W: Emh. Try another one. It’s the same style, but blue suits you betterQ: What does the woman mean?9.W: Hey, Dan, do you think you might hurry up just a bit you've been standing from that sandwich counter forever. And you know, i got class in ten minutes, and so do you, by the wayM: Sorry, oh, I just wish they didn't give me so many choices.Q: What does the man imply?10.M: Hey, didn't your sister get here yet?W: No, I can hardly wait. I haven't seen her in three months.Q: What does the woman mean?11.M: This looks like Sweety Susan's house, but I don't know. I wish I read down the directionsW: At this rate, we are lucky to get there in time for desertQ: What does the woman imply?12.W: So, did you pick up that orange juice for me like you said you would?M: I meant to. But I’m short of cash. I’ll be going back later though, after i stop by t he bankif you can wait that longQ: What does the man imply he will do?13.M: That's a great dress, Cindy. I don't think I’ve ever seen you wear it before.W: Oh, I have. It’s just that it's sent back to my closet. My sister gave it to me like ages ago and I totally forgot about it.Q: What does the woman imply?14.W: Just look at this apartment, Kallen. What a mess! You (starp) this all over. How does you roommate put up with it?W: I know. I haven't been doing my share this week. But I have three reports to do onFriday, and I haven't even started one of them.Q: What can be inferred about Kellen?15.W: So we had better stop to read for a literature class. That novel she assigned us is so boringM: Really? I started it yesterday afternoon, and I couldn't put it down until I finished it.Q: What does the man mean?16.W: Wah, you seem to be in a really good mood today. What’s the secret?M: I don't know. I guess some mornings you wake up feeling great, some mornings you don't.Q: What does the man mean?17.W: If you are planning to take the train when you leave next Friday, remember that i drive right past the station on my way home from campusM: Say, I think I’ll pick you up on that.Q: What will the man probably do next Friday?18.M: I need to ask John about the chemistry assignment for tomorrow. But his phone's been busy for the last hour and a half. Who can he be talking to for so long?W: It may not him, you know. It could be one of his housemates. Why don't you just (hand on) over there. Is that important?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?19.W: Jame, I don't know if you know this. But I’m prepared to run for class president and I’m wondering if I, if I can count on your vote?M: Oh, maybe if you asked me soo ner. But my roommate's running too and I’ve already promised him he had my supportQ: What does the man mean?20.M: I might argue with some of the details, but I basically agree with managing the economy.W: Sure it sounds great in theory. My concern is in practiceQ: What does the woman mean?21.M: You know that summer internship I’m apply for. They want an official copy of all mygrade. But the records office charges 20 dollars for an official grade report. That’s a lot,don't you think?W: It really is. I only had to pay six for mine last yearQ: What does the woman mean?22.M: Kay, the weather report says it's going to pour today. you should probably put your bikein the garage before it really starts coming down.W: Emh, why bother? It’s been true a lot worse. If it's still worse, just fineQ: What will the woman probably do?23.M: Let me tell you, I’m really happy i got that ... scholarship. But I wish my parents would stop (bragging) to everybody.W: What, that's quite an accomplishment. if you ask me, i think you deserve a little bit recognitionQ: What does the woman mean?24.W: can you believe it? A twenty-page term paper in the final exam! What does Professor Johnson think? That we don't have any classes of his?M: wait a second, I’m sure what he said was either one or the other25.W: Emh, coffee in this restaurant is really improved. They must have changed suppliers.M: Really? You can taste differences?Q: What does the man mean?26.M: Ah, and I rushed to get here before one so i can swim my last before the pool got too crowded. Why they are still closed?W: They are having a brief staff meeting. Take around.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?27.W: I know that you don't really like light theater, but I have extra tickets for the play at the community theater on Friday night. You won't be interested, would you?M: Well, you know, I could use exchange. I mean I can go to the movie every weekend.Q: What does the man imply?28.M: I’d think twice about taking a history class next year. There’s not a single good professor in all history department.W: Look, that's what you said last term about the sociology department and I’m very glad I didn't pay any attention to what you said.Q: What does the woman mean?29.W: My boss says the company will pay for any college costs if I take ...advanced degree.M: That's a ...benefit you wouldn't have if you had taken the other job offer.30.M: Jean, it's surely hard to wake up at the time for that eight o'clock chemistry class. I never should sign up for something so early in the morning.W: Well, maybe next time you'll listen to me.Q: What does the woman imply?31-35: listen to a conversation between a student and a librarian assistant.I'm sorry, but I can't let you check out these books.What do you mean?Wow, the computer shows you got an overdue book, art work, .and your circulation perpetual is revoked until you return it.But that's imp ossible. I only started going to this school last month and I’m a business major, not an artist.Emh. This is pretty strange. Let me look out the records.OK. You are Robert Smith?Yeah.You live at forty twenty-three westernNo, I am living on campus, in the new ...You did say you are Robert Smith, right?Yeah, well, my full name is Robert James Smith, but I usually go by paLet me check one more thing on the computer. Aha, it's seen now. There’s another Robert Smith in the class …, Robert El Smit h. And it looks like he's the one who got the overdue book checked out.Another Robert Smith? No kiddingSo I guess you two never met.No, but I think I should probably try. i could at least what's just happened.Good idea. Now let's check out these books today. But I suggest you start use your middle name, or mid initial or avoid any problem like this in the future.31. Why is the man talking to the woman?33. Why does the man mention that he is a new student at the school?34. What does the woman discover when she looks at the records on her computer?35. What does the woman suggest the man do in the future?36-39: listen to part of a discussion between two students who are in the same history architecture class.So what do you think of that ancient Egypt temple Professor talked about in class today? The temple in Kanenet? Oh, pretty amazing. So grand and magnificent with also so many features.Woo, I’m sure. After all, the temple was built to honor the ruler and according to ancient Egyptian, the ruler was reviewed as god after the death.Oh, no. but like that all the heavenual grand whole living up to the temple. I mean that roadways with all those statues, sacrificial animals along both sides. All that seems perfectly designed for the grand religious procession they often had there. And that huge stone over the entrance of the temple was cut away.Yeah. That was clever. cut away part of that stone, so the priests...bid procession could pass through the entrance under neath, even with all torn these they are carrying out of temple.Right. How about the inside, ...? In the great hall.You mean the columns?Yeah.So the columns are really amazing. i mean, like how many were there, over 100? And each one is in the image of gods and kings cut to its surface to tell stories of their great deeds.Well, they were all pretty awesome. But I particularly meant the columns down the center of the island at the hall. The one that is so much taller than others, so they raise the central roof much higher than the roof on neither side.Oh, yeah though. What a brilliant sollution to natural light down down middle of the great hall.Architects must be really creative.36. What aspects of the temple of Ka.. Are the speakers mainly discussing?37. According to the discussion, what was the avenue of ramp often used fort?38. Why is part of the stone over the elfrance the missing?39. According to the conversation, what aspect of the great hall was improved by raising part of its roof?40-43. listen to part of a talk in a physics class.OK. We’ve been talking about mechanics and then we still have a few minutes. Let me tell you about ancient Greek and what they thought about mechanics. They came up with a … for them to describe different motions in different materials. in more than 2000 years ago, Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, assumed that all the matter on earth were made up with four substances, earth, water, air and fire. Under his system, earth is the densest, water is the next, air is less dense than water and fire is least dense of all. The heaviest object remains of earth and water, and lighter object contains significant amounts of fire or air. So in Aristotle's ..., different types of matter have different characteristics. He assumes this was because different types of matter were composed of different amounts of four primary substances. And Aristotle believes that the motions of objects could also be explained by the basic natures of four primary substances. eh, for example, there are basic motion of up or down. Aristotle noted that when he released most objects, they would drop downward. But he also knew that something could ...upward, like smoke.Aristotle considered an object downward or upward motion to be the result of dominant nature of the object. So according to Aristotle, matter like rock were primarily composed of earth, therefore, they naturally want to move toward the center of the earth because this was all thing earth rested. But fire had a different a resting place, the sky. So smoke would naturally rise when it was released because it was driving toward its natural resting place.40. What is the main topic of the talk?41. Using Aristotle's system of classification, which primary substance is the densest?42. According to the speaker, what types of motions does Aristotle's theory try to explain?43. According to Aristotle's theory, why does smoke rise?44-46: listen to an announcement given in a university biology class.Hi, I'm Jim Black. Before you get to start the class today, Doctor give me a few minutes to talk you about the biology department's ongoing turtle watching project down the south beach. Asmany of you probably know, south beach is an important nesting site for the green turtle....in the next few days, turtles from several nesting sites along the beach will hatch ahead the water. the problem is that a lot of this hatching will never make it, rackles and hungry birds will get many of them before they reach the ....so we have a 24-hour watch going on now, so the volunteers will be on hand to protect the turtles after they hatch. Oh, we also need someone to notify the owners of the beach to leave their yard ...for the next couple of weeks. The baby turtles are tracking artificial. In fact, some of them end up in the beach highway and killed by passing cars. So we are tracking and minimize beach. Now if you are interested, please stop by my office in the biology department and sign up. What we ask you to do, we are asking for at least two-hour commitment for each participant. Oh, and please note, the turtle-watching activities do not constitute excuse of absence from class. Thanks.44. What is the purpose of the talk?45. Why should homonors turn their lights off?46. What do turtle-watching participants have to do?47-50: listen to part of a talk in a United States history class.Well, on the topic of ...technology has made..., I’d like to spend a few minutes on the ice industry, one of the major industry in the 1800.now, before refrigerators come to common use, people in rural areas often have a ware or a spring house to keep perishable fruits fresh...huge one, but a spring house was a small house that people would build over a spring. Farm families then rely on cool water from the spring to help keep their products or meat cool....boxes instead and they bought a lot of ice, put in these ice boxes and they packed all the milk or meat inside to keep them fresh. So until refrigerators..., the ice industry supplied city dwellers with these blocks of ice. Now, by 1800, people have learned how to harvest blocks of ice from lake and cut these ice with... and storing. These ice houses are enormous, among the largest structures anywhere in the country at that time. They are so important that they often had rail tracks going right up next to them. In addition to being transported by train, ice was delivered by ships all along the east coast or further inland by ...boat. Eventually, the industry supplied blocks of ices to almost any place in the country where people could afford such luxury.47. What is the talk mainly about?48. According to the speaker, what may be the ice industry of the Li?49. What does the speaker imply about the spring houses?50. What was the purpose of an ice box?。
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2000年8月托福听力文字1. man: Do you have this style shirt in my size?1。
男:你这种样式的衬衫有我能穿的尺寸吗?woman: I'll check. but. . . to tell you the truth, I think this one's right for you.女人:我查一下。
但是……实话告诉你,我认为这个你穿正合适。
Q: what does the woman mean?2 man: Oh, I'm sorry, I just realized that I forgot to bring the tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in my dorm.男:哦,对不起,我意识到,我忘记带你借给我的录音机。
我把它留在宿舍。
woman: that's all right. I won't need it until tonight. as long as I've got it by then.女人:没关系。
我直到今晚才需要它,。
Q: what does the woman imply about the tape recorder?3 man: So how much was your plane ticket?3人:你的机票多少钱? Baritonewoman: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into (浏览，稍加研究)my saving.女人:超过我能负担得起。
我不得不研究我的储蓄。
Q: what does the woman imply?Erod4 woman: We would be going to be busy days for me next semester. three class in the morning and then two more in the afternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.4女人: 下学期将是我们忙碌的日子。
早上三节课，下午两个。
我甚至都没时间吃午饭。
man: You really should try to fit it in, you know. Those afternoon classes would be tough （坚韧的）to sit through if you stomach's rumbling（咕噜咕噜声）.男: 你知道，你真的应该试着适应。
那些下午的课会很艰难，如果你的胃发出咕噜声。
Q: what does the man suggest the woman do ?问:男人如何建议女人做什么?5 woman: you are dropping out of the Marching Band? but I thought you loved it. all the travelling, playing before big crowds.5妇女:你从军乐队退出了吗?但我以为你喜欢它。
在人群中边走边演奏。
man: I do. but. . . with all that time away from my studies my grades are really starting to slip.男人:是的。
但是。
长时间不学习，成绩将下滑。
Q: what does the man mean ?6 woman: I'm thinking of getting a new pantsuit to wear to James' wedding.6女人:我想找一份新套装穿到詹姆斯的婚礼。
man: I just hope that my old suit still fits. you know how I feel about shopping.男人:我只是希望我的旧西装仍符合。
你知道我怎么觉得购物。
Q: what does the man imply?7 man: What's my share of the bill? 18. 50? that can't be right! i only had a salad fordinner.7人:我的费用?18块5吗?这不可能是正确的!我晚饭只吃了一个沙拉。
woman: Don't get excited. let me check the math.女士:别激动。
让我查一下数学。
Q: what will woman probably do next?8 man: I'm surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary.8人:我很惊讶,莎拉告诉她的老板他错了,他的秘书解雇。
woman: I know. but that Sarah. . . if she has an opinion, everyone's got to know it.女人:我知道。
但是,莎拉。
如果她有一个观点,每个人都必须知道它。
Q: what does the woman mean?9man: How about a movie tonight? that new comedy is opening in town.9人:今晚去看场电影?那个新喜剧是在城里开。
woman: Sounds great, but I've got be finishing sketches on my psychology research paper.女人:听起来很棒,但是我已经被整理在我的心理学研究论文的草稿。
Q: what does the woman imply?10 woman: You won't have to look very hard to find a job on campus. But i don't think you'll find anything that isn't just part-time.10个女人:你不必看起来很难找到工作在校园。
但我不认为你会发现任何不只是兼职。
man: that suits me. anything more than that, and I have to change my class schedule.男人:适合我。
任何超过,我不得不改变我的课程安排。
Q: what does the man mean?11 man: Do you think you feel energetic enough to walk to our study group session tonight? 11人:你认为你感觉精力充沛的足以走到我们的学习小组会议今晚?woman: If there is one! I guess you haven't heard the weather reports. Over a foot of snow is expected.女:如果有一个!我猜你没有听到天气预报。
在预期一英尺的降雪。
Q: what does the woman imply?12 man: Oh! I turned all of my white sock pink! I threw a red T-shirt in by accident.12人:哦!我把我所有的白袜子粉红色!我掷了一个红色的t恤在偶然。
woman: Have you tried running them through again with bleach?女人:你试过了一遍用漂白剂运行?Q: what does the woman suggest the man do?13 woman: I hear that your brother is planning to transfer to another university.13女:我听说你哥哥正计划转移到另一个大学。
man: not if I can talk him out of it. and believe me, I'm trying.男人:如果我能说服他。
相信我,我试着。
Q: what does the man imply?14 woman: I'd like to enrolling the free seminar you advertised in newspaper. the one on managing your personal finances.14女人:我想注册免费研讨会在报纸上的广告。
在管理你的个人财务状况。
man: okay. now the AD did say that you have to have a saving account at our bank to be eligible. do you have one here?男:好吧。
现在,广告确实表示,你必须有一个储蓄帐户,在我们的银行是合格的。
你们有吗? Q: what does the man want to know?问:男人如何想知道吗?15 woman: Did see the weather forecast for this weekend? I can't believe how the temperature's going to dip.15女人:看到了这个周末的天气预报?我不能相信这些温度会倾斜。
man: I know. that isn't my idea what Oct. should be like.男:我知道。
这不是我的主意10月应该像什么。
Q: What does the man mean?男人什么意思?16 man: This exhibit is a total bore! i can't believe they call this art.16人:这个展览太没意思了!我无法相信他们把这个也叫做艺术。
woman: I think I've seen enough.女士:我想我已经看够了。
Q: What will the woman probably do next?问:什么将女人也许下一步做什么?17 woman: We should probably think about selecting someone to lead our study group. You know, somebody really organized.17女人:我们可能应该考虑选择有人领导我们的学习小组。