考研英语常用逻辑词汇汇总
英语考研高频词汇
英语考研高频词汇共100个1. Abandon -放弃，抛弃2. Abstract -摘要，抽象的3. Acquire -获得，学到4. Adequate -足够的，充分的5. Advocate -提倡，拥护6. Ambiguous -模棱两可的，含糊不清的7. Analyze -分析，细查8. Apprehend -逮捕，理解9. Articulate -表达清晰的，发音清晰的10. Assess -评估，估价11. Attribute -归因于，属性12. Authentic -真实的，可信的13. Awe -敬畏，惊叹14. Bolster -支持，加强15. Capitulate -投降，屈服16. Censor -审查，检查17. Coherent -连贯的，一致的18. Comprehend -理解，领会19. Condone -容忍，原谅20. Constitute -构成，制定21. Convene -召集，集合22. Corroborate -证实，支持23. Counteract -抵消，对抗24. Credible -可信的，可靠的25. Delineate -描绘，描述26. Denounce -谴责，指责27. Derive -源自，得出28. Deviate -偏离，背离29. Diligent -勤奋的，努力的30. Discern -辨别，识别31. Discrepancy -差异，矛盾32. Disseminate -散播，传播33. Elicit -引出，探出34. Elucidate -阐明，解释35. Emphasize -强调，着重36. Endorse -支持，背书37. Evoke -唤起，引起38. Exacerbate -恶化，加剧39. Execute -执行，实施40. Explicate -解释，详细说明41. Facilitate -促进，使便利42. Feasible -可行的，可实施的43. Foster -促进，培养44. Garner -收集，储存45. Hinder -阻碍，妨碍46. Hypothesize -假设，猜测47. Illuminate -照亮，阐明48. Immerse -沉浸，专心致志49. Impede -阻碍，妨碍50. Implement -实施，执行51. Implicate -牵涉，涉及52. Incentivize -激励，鼓励53. Incite -煽动，激发54. Inquire -询问，查问55. Instigate -煽动，激起56. Integrate -整合，融合57. Intensify -加强，强化58. Invoke -援引，祈求59. Juxtapose -并列，并置60. Justify -证明合理，辩解61. Manifest -表明，显现62. Mitigate -缓和，减轻63. Necessitate -需要，使成为必要64. Negate -否定，取消65. Objectify -客观化，使具体化66. Obstruct -阻碍，妨碍67. Ponder -沉思，考虑68. Pragmatic -实用的，实际的69. Precipitate -促成，加速70. Preclude -预防，排除71. Predominate -占主导地位，支配72. Proclaim -宣告，宣布73. Propel -推动，推进74. Quantify -量化，用数量表示75. Reconcile -调和，使一致76. Redefine -重新定义，重新界定77. Refute -反驳，驳斥78. Reinforce -加强，强化79. Reiterate -重申，反复说80. Remediate -纠正，改善81. Render -使成为，提供82. Repudiate -拒绝，否认83. Resonate -共鸣，引起共鸣84. Revise -修改，修订85. Sustain -维持，支撑86. Synthesize -合成，综合87. Validate -验证，证实88. Verify -核实，证明89. Vilify -诽谤，辱骂90. Vindicate -证明清白，辩护91. Warrant -保证，担保92. Yield -生产，产出93. Zeal -热情，热忱94. Abate -减轻，减弱95. Belie -掩饰，证明为假96. Coalesce -联合，合并97. Debilitate -使衰弱，削弱98. Enervate -使衰弱，使失去力量99. Garrulous -喋喋不休的，多嘴的100. Harangue -长篇大论，高谈阔论。
考研英语中常见的逻辑关系词
考研英语中常见的逻辑关系词句子构造在英语知识运用中主要表达在句子间的逻辑关系上，考生需要熟知各种常见的逻辑关系词。
这些逻辑关系主要表达在一些连词、副词以及某些介词词组上。
详细可以分为以下几类：表示转折/让步关系：but, however, nevertheless, whereas, although, despite, in spite of, still表示比较或比照关系：similarly, in the same way, likewise, whereas, in contrast to, rather than表示因果关系：because, since, now that, on aount of, due to, on the ground of, aordingly, consequently, therefore, thus, hence表示并列关系：and, or表示举例与例证关系：for example, for instance, specially, such as, as follows表示强调关系：in fact, in particular, particularly, above all, undoubtedly, certainly表示顺承关系：in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise此外，逻辑关系不仅可以成为直接的考查对象，而且还可以利用这些逻辑关系寻找其他题目的解题线索。
让步关系考查举例：例：xx年英语知识运用真题的第7题7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matt er: that the number of the homeless is…7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that答案为[B] Although分析：根据选项可以得知此题是一道逻辑关系题，解此题需要判断空格所在句中主从句的逻辑关系。
英文写作常用逻辑词汇
英文写作常用逻辑词汇1. 并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2. 转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3. 顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4. 因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of5. 归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word几个用得比较多的句子:As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh itsdisadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can tryour best to reduce the negative influenceto the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparis on between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A,B, “...”某事物, "sb" somebody,要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.开头:When it comes to ..., some think ...There is a public debate today that ...A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.提出观点:Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explore the truth of ...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.进一步提出观点:... but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is ...A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式:Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...举普通例子:For exampleinstance,...... such as A,B,C and so on so forthA good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用:One of the greatest early writers said ..."Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ..."......". That is how sb comment criticize/ praise...."......". How often we hear such words like there.讲故事先说故事主体,this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life...., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因:There are many reasons for ...Why .... , for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ... The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact ...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is ...进行对比:The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上启下:To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...A study of ... will make this point clear让步:Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.结尾:>From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that ...In summary, it is wiser ...In short...在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。
con开头的高频考研词汇
con开头的高频考研词汇一、概念类1. 概念（Concept）：指事物的本质特征、属性或含义。
在考研中，常常需要理解和掌握各种学科的基本概念。
2. 连贯性（Coherence）：指文章、论述或观点的逻辑条理和内在联系。
在写作中，连贯性是保证文章流畅和逻辑清晰的重要要素。
3. 条件（Condition）：指某种情况下的特定环境或前提。
在解决问题时，需要考虑不同条件下可能出现的各种情况。
4. 合并（Combine）：指将两个或多个事物或元素结合在一起。
在研究中，合并不同理论或方法可以得到更加全面和准确的结论。
5. 反驳（Counterargument）：指对某一观点或论述提出相反意见或证据。
在辩论或论证中，反驳是检验观点合理性和推理正确性的方式之一。
二、方法类1. 比较（Compare）：指将两个或多个事物进行对照，找出相同点和不同点。
在学术研究中，比较是分析和评估不同理论或观点的常用方法之一。
2. 构建（Construct）：指根据一定的规则或原则建立一个模型或理论。
在科学研究中，构建合理的研究框架和方法是解决问题的关键。
3. 控制（Control）：指对实验或研究过程中的某些因素进行限制或调整。
在实验设计和数据分析中，控制变量可以减小误差和干扰，提高实验结果的可靠性。
4. 考虑（Consider）：指对某一问题或情况进行思考和分析。
在解决问题时，需要全面考虑各种因素和可能的影响。
5. 建议（Recommend）：指根据分析和判断提出具体的意见或建议。
在学术论文或政策报告中，建议是为问题提供解决方案的重要部分。
三、性质类1. 连续性（Continuity）：指某一过程或现象在时间或空间上的连续存在。
在数学和物理学中，连续性是很多理论和定理的基础。
2. 稳定性（Stability）：指某一系统或状态在一定条件下的持续性和不变性。
在控制系统、经济学和生态学等领域，稳定性是一个重要的性质。
3. 一致性（Consistency）：指某一理论、方法或观点在不同环境或情况下的一致性和合理性。
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词出国留学考研网为大家提供考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词下面十种常见的逻辑关系词汇总，小伙伴们一定要牢牢记住，才能在日后做题的过程中一路畅通。
因果关系because;for;since;as;therefore;consequently;hence;so;thu s;so…that;such…that;inorderthat;accordingly(因此;于是;相应地);dueto;thanksto;asaresult;inthat(=because);nowthat(既然);becauseof;consideringthat,seeingthat;inresponseto;forth isreason;转折关系but;however;onthecontrary;contrarily;bycontrast;incontra st;conversely;insteadof;ratherthan;unlike,ontheotherhand;un fortunately;让步关系although;though;eventhough;even;evenif;nevertheless;desp ite;inspiteof;while;as;Kingashewas,hewasnothappy.Childashei s,heknowsalot.Hardthough/ashetried,hefailed;对比关系while;whereas;as;insteadof;ratherthan;not…but;列举关系firstsecondlastofall;inthefirstplaceinthesecondplacefina lly;tobeginwithtocontinue;first…then;ononehand…ontheotherhand;foronething…foranother;one…another;some…others…sti llothers;时间关系when;whenever,before;after;since;as;while;until;till;sim ultaneously;meanwhile;inthemeantime,atthesametime;距离关系suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them);among (these,those,them)，toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecifica llyspeaking,namely;条件关系if;onlyif;ifonly;unless,otherwise;assoonas;aslongas;prov idingthat;providedthat;onconditionthat;when;whenever;with;递进关系also;then;besides;inaddition;additionally;furthermore;wh atismore;moreover;indeed;theotherone;anotherone;apartfrom;a boveall;并列关系and;andalso;or;neithernor;eitheror;notonly…but(also)…; inthesameway;thatistosay;similarly;likewise;equally;aswella s,same…as;考研英语各题型中，数完形填空的难度最大，小伙伴们在训练的时候遇到的困难也最多。
考研英语需掌握的7类逻辑关系词
考研英语需掌握的7类逻辑关系词句子结构在英语知识运用中主要体现在句子间的逻辑关系上，考生需要熟知各种常见的逻辑关系词。
这些逻辑关系主要体现在一些连词、副词以及某些介词词组上。
具体可以分为以下几类：表示转折/让步关系：but, however, nevertheless, whereas, although, despite, in spite of, still表示比较或对比关系：similarly, in the same way, likewise, whereas, in contrast to, rather than表示因果关系：because, since, now that, on account of, due to, on the ground of, accordingly, consequently, therefore, thus, hence表示并列关系：and, or表示举例与例证关系：for example, for instance, specially, such as, as follows表示强调关系：in fact, in particular, particularly, above all, undoubtedly, certainly表示顺承关系：in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise此外，逻辑关系不仅可以成为直接的考查对象，而且还可以利用这些逻辑关系寻找其他题目的解题线索。
让步关系考查举例：例：2006年英语知识运用真题的第7题__7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is…[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that答案为[B] Although分析：根据选项可以得知本题是一道逻辑关系题，解此题需要判断空格所在句中主从句的逻辑关系。
几个逻辑相关的英语单词
几个逻辑相关的英语单词逻辑 logic数理逻辑 mathematical logic模型论 model theory集合论 set theory递归论 recursion theory证明论 proof theory非标准分析 nonstandard analysis反推数学 reverse mathematics元数学 metamathematics二阶算术的子系统 subsystems of the second-order arithmetic 直觉主义 intuitionism构造性数学 constructive mathematics语言 language元语言 metalanguage元定理 metatheorem公理 axiom定理 theorem命题 proposition命题演算 propositional calculus 谓词演算 predicate calculus合取 conjunction析取 disjunction非,否定 negation量词 quantifier全称量词 universal quantifier 存在量词 existential quantifier 关系 relation函数 function常量 constant变元,变量 variable项 term公式 formula原子公式 atomic formula句子,命题 sentence永真命题 tautology前束标准型 prenex normal form 理论 theory可满足的 satisfiable和谐性,相容性 consistency句法 syntax语义 semantics可靠性定理 soundness theorem完备性定理 completeness theorem 紧致性定理 compactness theorem可公理化 axiomatizable有限可公理化 finitely axiomatizable 同构 isomorphism同态 homomorphism初等等价 elementary equivalent 初等嵌入 elementary embedding 初等子模型 elementary submodel 初等扩张 elementary extension图象 diagram正图象 positive diagram初等图象 elementary diagram模型 model可数模型 countable model不可数模型 uncountable model原子模型 atomic model素模型 prime model齐性模型 homogeneous model万有模型 universal model饱和模型 saturated model特殊模型 special model递归饱和模型 recursively saturated model 布尔值模型 boolean-valued model格值模型 lattice-valued model超滤 ultrafilter超积 ultraproduct超幂 ultrapower模型完备 model complete子模型完备 submodel complete量词消去 quantifier elimination稳定性理论 stable theory集,集合 set子集 subset幂集 power set空集 empty set有限集 finite set无限集 infinite set可数集 countable set不可数集 uncountable set 有限集 finite set无限集 infinite set序数 ordinal极限序数 limit ordinal后继序数 successor ordinal 基数 cardinal大基数 large cardinal可测基数 measurable cardinal正则基数 regular cardinal奇异基数 singular cardinal不可达基数 inaccessible力迫法 forcing连续统假设 Continuum Hypothesis 选择公理 Axiom of Choice决定性公理 Axiom of Determinacy 归纳法 induction超限归纳法 transfinite induction 超限递归 transfinite recursion递归 recursion原始递归 primitive recursive递归函数 recursive function递归可枚举 recursively enumerable递归可判定 recursively decidable 递归不可分 recursively inseparable 递归集 recursive set算术集 arithmetical set解析集 analytic set单纯集 simple set创造集 creative set多一归约 many-one reducible一一归约 one-one reducible图灵归约 Turing reducible不可解度 degree of unsolvability 图灵度 Turing degree一阶逻辑 first-order logic二阶逻辑 second-order logic高阶逻辑 higher-order logic非古典逻辑 non-classical logic 无穷逻辑 infinitary logic古典逻辑 classical logic直觉主义逻辑 intuitionistic logic 模态逻辑 modal logic多值逻辑 many-valued logic。
(完整版)英语阅读逻辑关系词
英语阅读逻辑关系词1．因果关系过渡词语：…and so…; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so;…so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently2．并列关系过渡词语：and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…; in the same way; too3．序列关系过渡词语：first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next; and then; soon4．递进关系过渡词语：accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as…is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second plac e…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not…but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…5．时间关系过渡词语：afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; next; not…until; later; formerly; previously;prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then6．转折关系过渡词语：yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of7．条件关系过渡词语：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless8．重复关系过渡词语：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above9．比较关系过渡词语：apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; simil arly important; equally; when compared with; when in fact…10．举例关系过渡词语：a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take…as an example; you may say…11．对比关系过渡词语：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand…on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while12．强调关系过渡词语：definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a ma tter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is13．总结关系过渡词语：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; all in all。
考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词
考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词考研英语完型填空文章最重要的特点之一就是逻辑性很强，而逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中的因果、转折、原因等各种逻辑关系，是历年真题知识运用的必考点，也是广大考生最难入手，掌握最不好的一种考题，因为它需要考生极大的逻辑判断能力以及对完形填空整体把控能力。
但是，既然是应试的考试形式，它就必然有规律可循。
对于完型填空逻辑惯性词这样的考题，我们同样可以找到它的规律，相信广大考生掌握了这样的规律，加之以充分的练习，逻辑连接词的将变得简单易操作。
下面将从逻辑关系词的分类出发，帮助同学们总结这些规律，并通过相应真题为广大考生讲解。
根据对连年真题的总结发现，完型填空中的逻辑关系词总共有十大类。
第一：并列关系。
并列关系是比较简单的一种逻辑关系词。
常考的标志词：and, and or so, not only…but also, neithe r nor, that is to say. 我们看一个真题，1996(41)：They do not provide energy, ___do they construct or build and part of the body. [A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never 观察一下这句话，有一个显著的特点是在横线后面的语序采用的是倒装语序，那么回忆一下语法中哪些情况可以引起句子倒装呢?肯定有否定词前置引起句子倒装。
同时，在本句中，逗号之前的句子有否定词，因此，横线上选择的词汇必然要满足两个条件，第一可以前面的否定呼应，第二，可以引起句子倒装。
所以，纵观四个选项，只有nor 满足两个条件，为正确答案。
第二：因果关系。
因果关系词是比较容易判断的一种逻辑关系，前面叙述原因，后面叙述结果，反之亦然。
但是，在历年考研完型填空中，经常出现广大考生不熟悉的词组，为了帮助考生辨认，我将这些短语列出如下：because, for, so that, such… that , in order that,due to, thanks to, in response to , con sidering that. 考生看到这样的短语就要想到是因果关系，反过来，判断出上下句逻辑关系是因果，要能够从选项中选出这些短语。
历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词(或称衔接词)”(1)
历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词（或称衔接词）”第一，表示因果（世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系）1.表示原因because （of）=be responsible for = as = since =for = therein = root=origin（al）=causality = due∕owing∕thanks ∕according to = beattributed∕contributed to （原因是）= now∕in that =seeing∕considering∕given （that）= on account of =on this account = onground of∕that（强调主观理由）= out of = for the sake of = in（the）light of = in view of （the fact that）= by∕in virtue of = byreason of = as a result∕consequence of = in consequence of =arise from =put sth down to sth（把……归因于……）【注】put down ① 把……归因于+ to sth ② 把……看作∕视为 put sth down as sth ③使（当众）出丑，让某人丢人现眼④ 写下，记下⑤ 将……提请（议会或委员会）审议 to put down a motion∕amendment提交一项动议或修正案⑥ 登记，注册，列入名单 + for sth 例句：Put me down for three tickets for Saturday。
2.表示结果①So = hence =therefore = therefor = thereby = thereof = thereout =therewithal = thereupon = thus = consequent(ly)= result （ing）=effect =consequence = in consequence = as a result∕consequence =result in = accordingly = give rise to = lead to = arouse = agitate=awaken = fire up = provoke = spark = spur = stimulate = stir （激起，引起，引发，激发）= trigger = activate = prompt = set in motion = set off= contribute∕attribute to = bring about ∕on =present =it follows∕turns out that…②Or else = otherwise 否则，要不然【注】or else与otherwise既表示转折，又表示对比，还表示结果。
英语五大常考逻辑
在英语考试中，常考的逻辑包括以下五种：1. 排除逻辑（Contrastive Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过对比两种不同的观点或事物来得出结论。
它可以用来强调两个相对的概念之间的区别或对比。
例子："Although John is very good at math, he struggles with English."（虽然约翰在数学方面非常擅长，但英语却让他苦恼。
）2. 因果推理（Causal Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过说明一个事件、行为或条件是如何导致或影响另一个事件、行为或条件的，因此可以用来说明原因和结果之间的关系。
例子："Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of developing lung cancer."（吸烟会增加患肺癌的风险。
）3. 类比推理（Analogical Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过比较两个不同的事物或情况之间的相似性来得出结论。
它可以用来解释或支持一个观点，并通过引用类似的情况来强化论据。
例子："Just as exercise is important for physical health, reading is important for mental health."（正如锻炼对于身体健康的重要性一样，阅读对于精神健康也很重要。
）4. 演绎推理（Deductive Reasoning）：这种逻辑是通过应用普遍真理或已知事实来推断特殊情况下的结论。
它可以用来从一般性的前提中得出特殊情况下的结论。
例子："All mammals are warm-blooded. Dogs are mammals. Therefore, dogs are warm-blooded."（所有哺乳动物都是恒温的，狗是哺乳动物，因此狗是恒温的。
历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词(或称衔接词)”
历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词（或称衔接词）”Preface：“逻辑关系词”对于一篇好的文章来说是非常重要的它就像一座桥，连接段与段、句与句，起到一种微妙的“衔接上下文”作用，即承上启下、起承转合、过渡性作用。
有效充分地利用逻辑关系词可以让你的文章“语义连贯、完整、顺畅”，不至于太突兀！下面就是我耗费心血、精心整理而成的历年考研英语中常见的十五种逻辑关系词，掌握了这些有助于你做阅读理解，有助于在阅读中更好、更快地把握文章的的写作思路和整体结构框架，理清文章的逻辑顺序与段与段之间的语义、逻辑关系，从而迅速找出正确答案。
有利于做排序题，更有利于你的写作（写作时尽量用那些字数多的短语，这样可以增加作文字数）。
需要注意的一点是，有的逻辑关系词不只表示一种逻辑关系，有些逻辑关系之间是贯通的，例如otherwise表示转折、对比、结果3种逻辑关系；让步之中含有转折的含义；对比之中含有转折、强调之意；并列之中含有递进的含义，例如as well as，as well，also，too既表示并列又表示递进；总结之中含有强调的含义，例如substantially，generally，mainly既表示总结又表示强调;递进之中有补充解释说明之意，例如namely，in other words。
考研朋友们在做题中应当加以体会和领悟。
期望本文能对考研的朋友有所裨益。
同时本人热烈欢迎各位朋友踊跃对本文加以批评和相互交流，在此，我对朋友们的帮助表示无尽的感激之情第一，表示因果（世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系）1.表示原因because （of）=be responsible for = as = since =for = therein = root=origin（al）=causality = due∕owing∕thanks ∕according to = beattributed∕contributed to （原因是）= now∕in that =seeing∕considering∕given （that）= on account of =on this account = onground of∕that（强调主观理由）= out of = for the sake of = in（the）light of = in view of （the fact that）= by∕in virtue of = byreason of = as a result∕consequence of = in consequence of =arise from =put sth down to sth（把……归因于……）【注】put down ① 把……归因于+ to sth ② 把……看作∕视为 put sth down as sth ③使（当众）出丑，让某人丢人现眼④ 写下，记下⑤ 将……提请（议会或委员会）审议 to put down a motion∕amendment提交一项动议或修正案⑥ 登记，注册，列入名单 + for sth 例句：Put me down for three tickets for Saturday。
考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词
考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词英语写作讲究逻辑，英语作文如果衔接的不好的话，我们的考研写作就落了下乘了。
下面是店铺给大家整理的考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词，供大家参阅!考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词表示对照：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。
表示结果和原因：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。
表示目的：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
表示强调：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
表示解释说明：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually表示总结：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other words，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated表对比whereas, while, as opposed to, by contrast, by comparison, on the contrary, oppositely, but, yet表示时间:in general, every, some, sometimes, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile表举例 for example ，to name a few, say , such as，to list but a few, for instance表递进in addition, furthermore ,what’s more, what’s worse, additionally表示转折:although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise表示时间顺序：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally表示空间顺序：near(to)，far(from)，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right (left)，around，outside这些词或短语起到一个衔接和过渡的作用，使句子间的句子关系更富有逻辑性。
考研英语的材料-逻辑衔接词重点讲解
第二节常见逻辑衔接词总结一．衔接词从作用上主要分为以下四类：起、承、转、合。
1．表示“起”的词语，用于开篇引出扩展句：at first 最初firstly 第一at the very beginning 起初in the beginning 起初first of all 首先at present 现在，当今presently 现在，此刻now 现在lately 最近recently 最近currently 最近，目前to begin with 首先，第一in the first place 首先，第一to start with 首先，第一for one thing…(for another) 首先…（其次）…in general 一般说来generally speaking 一般说来on the whole 总的说来on the one hand…(on the other hand) 一方面…（另一方面）…it goes without saying…不用说it is said that…据说a proverb goes well…俗话说的好2．表示“承”的词语，用来承接上文：at the same time 同时meanwhile 同时by this time 此时after a while 过了一会after / after that / afterwards 此后from now on 从此later 后来soon 不久after a few days / years 几天/几年后also / too 并且，又at any rate 无论如何besides 此外in addition 此外further more 此外，而且moreover 此外，而且what’s more 此外，而且in addition to…除…之外for another 其次then 然后certainly 无疑地，当然地no doubt 无疑的of course 当然obviously 明显的indeed 的确consequently 因此，结果so 所以for example 例如for instance 例如such as 正如in fact 事实上truly 事实上in the same manner / way 同样的similarly 同样的in particular 特别的particularly 特别的still 仍然second / secondly 第二，第二点third / thirdly 第三，第三点in other words 换句话说for this purpose 为了这个目的incidentally 顺便提一句unlike 不像…，和…不同3．表示“转”的词语，用来表示不同或相反的意见：after all 毕竟at the same time 同时，然而anyway 无论如何but 但是by this time 此时even though 即使though / although 尽管despite 尽管…虽然…nonetheless 尽管如此in fact 事实上as a matter of fact 事实上especially 特别地…in particular 特别地fortunately 幸运地…unfortunately 不幸地in other words 换句话说in spite of 尽管…虽然in the same way 同样地luckily 幸运地whereas…然而yet 然而，但是however 然而，无论如何nevertheless 不过，虽然如此no doubt 无疑地in / by contrast 对比之下on the contrary 相反地conversely 相反地on the other hand 另一方面otherwise 否则perhaps 或许unlike 不像…，和…不同4．表示“合”的词语，用来小结上文或结束本段落的内容：accordingly 于是as a consequence 因此consequently 因此hence 因此therefore 因此thus 因此as a result 结果as has been stated 如前所述as above mentioned 如上如述as I have said 如我所述at last 最后at length 最后，终于eventually 最后finally 最后briefly 简单扼要的in brief 简言之in short 简言之in summary 简要地说in conclusion 总之，最后in a word 总之in sum 总之，简言之to sum up 总而言之to summarize 总而言之to conclude 总而言之all in all 总而言之on the whole 总的来说by and large 一般来说above all 最重要to speak frankly 坦白地说frankly speaking 坦白地说surely 无疑no doubt 毫无疑问undoubtedly 无疑certainly 无疑，肯定truly 的确for this reason 所以so 所以obviously 显然by doing so 如此二．衔接词从逻辑意义上主要分为以下十四类：◆ 1. 表次序关系first(ly) / first of allFirst(ly) / First of all, “A good book is a good friend.”above allAbove all, remember to finish the work today.second(ly) / in the second placeSecond(ly) / In the second place, knowledge is power.furthermoreFurthermore, a little learning is a dangerous thing.moreoverMoreover, it’s never too late to learn.finallyFinally, “T o open a book is always beneficial.”last but not leastLast but not least, wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. lastlyLastly, “He laughs best who laughs last.”in the endIn the end, the president made a farewell speech.eventuallyEventually, the man was released from the prison.to concludeTo conclude, lost time is never found again.◆ 2. 表举例关系for exampleThe government has reduced spending in several areas, for example, education and health.for instanceYou can’t depend on her, for instance, she arrived late for an important meeting yesterday.such asHe has some strange hobbies such as collecting bottles.a case in pointThere are many tourist attractions in Nanjing. Dr.Sun Yetsen’s Mausoleumis a case in point.as followsThe reasons are as follows.includingThere are five people, including two babies.as an illustrationHe is a kind person, as an illustration, he is always ready to help others. to illustrateTo illustrate, I will give you many examples.◆ 3. 表转折关系butPatience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet .howeverIt’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out.yetShe’s a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her.thoughHe spoke firmly though pleasantly.even thoughEven though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.althoughAlthough he is young, he knows a lot.even soIt’s raining. Even so, we have to go out.regardless ofThe plane will take off, regardless of the weather.whileTheir country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.at the same timeThis little girl can be very naughty but at the same time you can’t help liking her.despiteHe came to the meeting despite his illness.in spite ofI have to go to school in spite of the bad weather.stillIt’s raining. Still, I have to go out.neverthelessI can’t go. Nevertheless, thank you for inviting me.notwithstandingNotwithstanding any other agreements, we will make a new contract with the firm.otherwiseThe soup was too salty, but otherwise the meal was excellent.on the contraryI thought he was a teacher, on the contrary, he was a student.◆ 4. 表递进关系in additionHe needs our help. In addition, he requires emotional support. additionallyI like playing chess, additionally, surfing the Internet is also my favorite.besides/alsoA qualified teacher should have good manners. Beside, he should have extensive knowledge.as wellThe book tells about Mark Twain’s writings and about his life as well. moreoverThe price is too high, and moreover, the house isn’t in a suitable position.furthermore / furtherThe house is too small, and furthermore, it’s too far from the city. likewiseYou must pack warm clothes for the journey.Likewise, you’ll need plenty of food.that is ( to say ) /in other wordsYour performance in the exam didn’t reach the required standard, that is ( to say ) /in other words, you failed.equally importantTo run a company successfully, we should employ employees with a high sense of responsibility, and equally important, meet every need of the customers.what’s moreHe is handsome, and what’s more, he is humorous.not only…but alsoThe weather was not only cold, but also wet.last but not leastLast but not least, I appreciate all your help.◆ 5. 表过渡关系as to /forYou can have a bed, but as for her, she’ll have to sleep on the floor. by the wayBy the way, what channel did you watch on television last night? concerningConcerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that…talking ofTalking of chemistry, he knows much about it.with reference toWith reference to any other problems during your study here, please let me know.with regard toWith regard to your future, you should make your own decision.as regardsI don’t quite agree with you as regards your idea.regardingIt’s a book regarding energy.incidentallyI have to go now. Incidentally, if you want to borrow the book, I’ll bring it next time.◆ 6. 表同位关系that isThere are two girls, that is Lily and Lucy.that is to sayShe is a very efficient secretary, that is to say, she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.namelyWe visit two famous cities, namely New York and London.in other wordsYou can’t imagine who will be killed finally. In other words, this movie has a dramatic ending.◆ 7. 表推理关系if soIf so, you will win.if notSay you are sorrow, if not, get out now.or elseWear your coat, or else you’ll be cold.otherwiseDo it now. Otherwise, it will be too late.under such circumstancesShe may come to Shanghai, under such circumstances, you should stay here. to put it more preciselyHe has much money, to put it more precisely, he is wealthy.◆ 8. 表因果关系because(of)I went back not because of the bad weather, but because I was feeling uncomfortable.henceVery few people attended the meeting. Hence, we couldn’t make a decision. thusI’ve never been to America. Thus, I know very little about it.sinceSince you can’t help me, I will ask someone else.now thatNow ( that ) David’s arrived, we can begin.so thatHe speaks loudly so that everyone in the room could hear him.on account ofWe had to stay inside on account of the rain.consequentlyThe rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.as a resultHe worked very hard, and as a result he passed the last examination without effort.as a result ofHe was killed as a result of traffic accident.accordinglyThere are the rules. Please act accordingly.thereforeI don’t know much about America, therefore, I can’t advise you about it.so long asYou could make it so long as you work hard.soI was feeling bad, so I went to bed.owing toOwing to lack of money, these transactions must now be delayed.due toHis failure was due to his lack of work.thanks toThanks to his help, she succeeded in her career.◆ 9. 表比较关系insteadIt’s too wet to walk, so we’ll go swimming instead.whileThey have much money, while we have very little.equallyAs a teacher, you should teach well, but equally, you should remember to study yourself.in comparison(with)In comparison with Shanghai, Nanjing is small.in the same wayIt is such a coincidence that we work the math problem out in the same way.in contrast with/toIn contrast with / to your belief that we’ll fail, I know we will succeed.on the contraryBefore I took my new job, I thought that I would like it; on the contrary, when I started it, I found it was terribly uninteresting.in/by contrastIt was cold yesterday, but in contrast it’s very hot today.◆ 10. 表解释关系namelyOnly one person can do the job, namely you.as a matter of factShe doesn’t want to make friends with John, as a matter of fact, she hates him.in other wordsThey don’t have an extra bike for you, in other words, you should buy one yourself.in this caseIn this case, I will go home.frankly speaking / to be frankFrankly speaking / To be frank, I don’t like you.◆ 11. 表强调关系of courseOf course I love you.indeedI am indeed very glad to hear from you soon.above allAbove all, you should remember that where there is a will, there is a way. most importantMost important, it is the best book for beginners.with great emphasis(on)He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the education.in factIn fact, you are wrong.◆ 12. 表选择关系rather thanIn fact, Lily should be praised rather than John.alternativelyYou may go home. Alternatively, you can stay here.instead ofYou should be at school instead of lying here in bed.not…butHe is not a teacher but a student.whether…orPlease tell me whether or not you like it.either…orThe baby will be either a boy or a girl.neither…norNeither my mother nor I were there.◆ 13. 表时间关系after a whileAfter a while, he came back sadly.at lengthAt length he give his daughter leave to take a trip alone.at that timeAt that time, I didn’t know her.eventuallyEventually we won the game.finallyFinally he gave to the public pressure.in the pastIn the past, he was poor.meanwhileThey’ll be here in an hour. Meanwhile, we’ll have some coffee. presentlyThey are presently in the United States.so farSo far, he has been to Japanese more than 10 times.soonThe work will be finished soon.sinceSince when has he had a beard?whenI jumped up when she called.thenWe’ll be married by then.untilWait until tomorrow.until nowThey have not take effective measures until now.◆ 14. 表总结关系in sumIn sum, the decision is to go ahead as planned.in summaryIn summary, we’ve got to try to get further funding.to sum up / summarizeTo sum up, he is a kind person.in conclusionIn conclusion, “A friend without faults will never be found.”to concludeTo conclude, study is the salt of life.on the wholeOn the whole, it is easier to get money than to keep it.in allIn all, “A good beginning is half done.”all in allAll in all, we must fulfill the task on time.in shortIn short, health is happiness.in briefIn brief, health is better than wealth.in a wordIn a word, “A good fame is better than a good face.”。
考研英语材料逻辑衔接词重点讲解
第二节常有逻辑连结词总结一．接从作用上主要分以下四：起、承、、合。
1．表示“起”的，用于开篇引出展句：at first 最初firstly 第一at the very beginning 开初in the beginning 开初first of all 第一at present 在，此刻presently 在，此刻now 在lately 近来recently 近来currently 近来，目前to begin with 第一，第一in the first place 第一，第一to start with 第一，第一for one thing ⋯(for another) 第一⋯（其次）⋯in general 一般来generally speaking 一般来on the whole 的来on the one hand ⋯(on the other hand) 一方面⋯（另一方面）⋯it goes without saying ⋯不用it is said that ⋯据a proverb goes well ⋯俗的好2．表示“承”的，用来承接上文：at the same time 同meanwhile 同by this time 此after a while 了一会after / after that / afterwards 此后from now on 此后later 此后soon 不久after a few days / years 几天 / 几年后also / too 而且，又at any rate 无如何besides 其他in addition 其他further more 其他，而且moreoverwhat’s morein addition to⋯for anotherthencertainlyno doubtof courseobviouslyindeedconsequentlysofor examplefor instancesuch asin facttrulyin the same manner / way similarlyin particularparticularlystillsecond / secondlythird / thirdlyin other wordsfor this purpose incidentallyunlike 其他，而且其他，而且除⋯之外其次尔后无疑地，自然地无疑的自然明的的确因此，果因此比方比方正如事上事上同的同的特的特的依旧第二，第二点第三，第三点句了个目的便提一句不像⋯，和⋯不同样3．表示“ ”的，用来表示不同样或相反的意：after all竟at the same time同，但是anyway无如何but但是by this time此even though即使though / although尽管despite尽管⋯然⋯nonetheless尽管这样in fact事上as a matter of fact事上especially特地⋯in particular特地fortunately好运地⋯unfortunatelyin other wordsin spite ofin the same way luckilywhereas⋯yethowever neverthelessno doubtin / by contrast on the contrary converselyon the other hand otherwise perhapsunlike 不幸地句尽管⋯然同地好运地但是但是，但是但是，无如何不，然这样无疑地比之下相反地相反地另一方面否或不像⋯，和⋯不同样4．表示“合”的，用来小上文或束本段落的内容：accordingly于是as a consequence因此consequently因此hence因此therefore因此thus因此as a result果as has been stated如前所述as above mentioned如上如述as I have said如我所述at last最后at length最后，于eventually最后finally最后briefly简要的in brief言之in short言之in summary要地in conclusion之，最后in a word之in sum之，言之to sum up而言之to summarize而言之to conclude而言之all in all而言之on the whole总的来说by and large一般来说above all最重要to speak frankly爽快地说frankly speaking爽快地说surely无疑no doubt毫无疑问undoubtedly无疑certainly无疑，必定truly的确for this reason因此so因此obviously显然by doing so这样二．连结词从逻辑意义上主要分为以下十四类：◆ 1.表次序关系first(ly) / first of allFirst(ly) / First of all, “A good book is a good friend.”above allAbove all, remember to finish the work today.second(ly) / in the second placeSecond(ly) / In the second place, knowledge is power.furthermoreFurthermore, a little learning is a dangerous thing.moreoverMoreover, it’ s never too late to learn.finallyFinally,“T o open a book is always beneficial.”last but not leastLast but not least, wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.lastlyLastly, “He laughs best who laughs last.”in the endIn the end, the president made a farewell speech.eventuallyEventually, the man was released from the prison.to concludeTo conclude, lost time is never found again.◆ 2.表举例关系for exampleThe government has reduced spending in several areas, for example, education and health.for instanceYou can’t depend on her, for instance, she arrived late for an important meeting yesterday.such asHe has some strange hobbies such as collecting bottles.a case in pointThere are manytourist attractions in Nanjing. Dr.Sun Yetsen ’ s Mausoleum is a case in point.as followsThe reasons are as follows.includingThere are five people, including two babies.as an illustrationHe is a kind person, as an illustration,he is always ready to help others.to illustrateTo illustrate, I will give you many examples.◆ 3.表转折关系butPatience is bitter,but its fruit is sweet.howeverIt ’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out.yetShe’ s a funny girl, yet you can’ t help liking her.thoughHe spoke firmly though pleasantly.even thoughEven though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.althoughAlthough he is young, he knows a lot.even soIt ’s raining. Even so, we have to go out.regardless ofThe plane will take off, regardless of the weather.whileTheir country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.at the same timeThis little girl can be very naughty but at the same time you can’t help liking her.despiteHe came to the meeting despite his illness.in spite ofI have to go to school in spite of the bad weather.stillIt ’s raining. Still, I have to go out.neverthelessI can ’t go. Nevertheless, thank you for inviting me.notwithstandingNotwithstanding any other agreements, we will make a new contractwith the firm.otherwiseThe soup was too salty, but otherwise the meal was excellent.on the contraryI thought he was a teacher, on the contrary, he was a student.◆ 4.表递进关系in additionHe needs our help. In addition, he requires emotional support.additionallyI like playing chess, additionally, surfing the Internet is alsomy favorite.besides/alsoA qualified teacher should have good manners. Beside, he shouldhave extensive knowledge.as wellThe book tells about Mark Twain’s writings and about his life as well.moreoverThe price is too high, and moreover, the house isn ’t in a suitable position.furthermore / furtherThe house is too small, and furthermore, it ’s too far from the city.likewiseYou must pack warm clothes for the journey. Likewise, you’ll need plenty of food.that is ( to say ) /in other wordsYour performance in the exam didn ’t reach the required standard, that is( to say ) /in other words, you failed.equally importantTo run a companysuccessfully, we should employ employees with of responsibility, and equally important, meet everya highneed ofsensethecustomers.what’s moreHe is handsome, and what ’s more, he is humorous.not only⋯but alsoThe weather was not only cold, but also wet.last but not leastLast but not least, I appreciate all your help.◆5. 表渡关系as to /forYou can have a bed, but as for her, she ’ll have to sleep on the floor.by the wayBy the way, what channel did you watch on television last night?concerningConcerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that ⋯talking ofTalking of chemistry, he knows much about it.with reference toWith reference to any other problems during your study here, pleaselet me know.with regard toWith regard to your future, you should make your own decision.as regardsI don ’t quite agree with you as regards your idea.regardingIt ’s a book regarding energy.incidentallyI have to go now. Incidentally, if you want to borrow the book, I ’ ll bring it next time.◆ 6.表同位关系that isThere are two girls, that is Lily and Lucy.that is to sayShe is a very efficient secretary, that is to say, she never forgetsanything or makes a mistake.namelyWe visit two famous cities, namely New York and London.in other wordsYou can’t imagine who will be killed finally. In other words, this movie has a dramatic ending.◆ 7.表推理关系if soIf so, you will win.if notSay you are sorrow, if not, get out now.or elseWear your coat, or else you’ll be cold.otherwiseDo it now. Otherwise, it will be too late.under such circumstancesShe may come to Shanghai, under such circumstances, you should stay here.to put it more preciselyHe has much money, to put it more precisely, he is wealthy.◆ 8.表因果关系because(of)I went back not because of the bad weather, but because I wasfeeling uncomfortable.henceVery few people attended the meeting. Hence, we couldn ’ t makea decision.thusI ’ ve never been to America. Thus, I know very little about it.sinceSince you can ’t help me, I will ask someone else.now thatNow ( that ) David’s arrived, we can begin.so thatHe speaks loudly so that everyone in the room could hear him.on account ofWe had to stay inside on account of the rain.consequentlyThe rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.as a resultHe worked very hard, and as a result he passed the last examination without effort.as a result ofHe was killed as a result of traffic accident.accordinglyThere are the rules. Please act accordingly.thereforeI don ’t know much about America, therefore, I can ’t advise you about it.so long asYou could make it so long as you work hard.soI was feeling bad, so I went to bed.owing toOwing to lack of money, these transactions must now be delayed.due toHis failure was due to his lack of work.thanks toThanks to his help, she succeeded in her career.◆ 9.表比较关系insteadIt ’s too wet to walk, so we’ll go swimming instead.whileThey have much money, while we have very little.equallyAs a teacher, you should teach well, but equally, you should remember tostudy yourself.in comparison(with)In comparison with Shanghai, Nanjing is small.in the same wayIt is such a coincidence that we work the math problem out in thesame way.in contrast with/toIn contrast with / to your belief that we’ll fail, I know we will succeed.on the contraryBefore I took my new job, I thought that I would like it; on the contrary, when I started it, I found it was terribly uninteresting.in/by contrastIt was cold yesterday, but in contrast it ’ s very hot today.◆10. 表讲解关系namelyOnly one person can do the job, namely you.as a matter of factShe doesn’t want to make friends with John, as a matter of fact, she hates him.in other wordsThey don’ t have an extra bike for you, in other words, you shouldbuy one yourself.in this caseIn this case, I will go home.frankly speaking / to be frank Franklyspeaking / To be frank, I don ’t like you.◆ 11.表关系of courseOf course I love you.indeedI am indeed very glad to hear from you soon.above allAbove all, you should remember that where there is a will, there is a way.most importantMost important, it is the best book for beginners.with great emphasis(on)He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the education.in factIn fact, you are wrong.◆ 12.表关系rather thanIn fact, Lily should be praised rather than John.alternativelyYou may go home. Alternatively, you can stay here.instead ofYou should be at school instead of lying here in bed.not ⋯ butHe is not a teacher but a student.whether ⋯orPlease tell me whether or not you like it.either ⋯ orThe baby will be either a boy or a girl.neither ⋯norNeither my mother nor I were there.◆ 13.表关系after a whileAfter a while, he came back sadly.at lengthAt length he give his daughter leave to take a trip alone.at that timeAt that time, I didn’ t know her.eventuallyEventually we won the game.finallyFinally he gave to the public pressure.in the pastIn the past, he was poor.meanwhileThey’ll be here in an hour. Meanwhile, we’ll have some coffee.presentlyThey are presently in the United States.so farSo far, he has been to Japanese more than 10 times.soonThe work will be finished soon.sinceSince when has he had a beard?whenI jumped up when she called.thenWe’ll be married by then.untilWait until tomorrow.until nowThey have not take effective measures until now.◆ 14.表总结关系in sumIn sum, the decision is to go ahead as planned.in summaryIn summary, we ’ve got to try to get further funding.to sum up / summarizeTo sum up, he is a kind person.in conclusionIn conclusion, “A friend without faults will never be found. ”to concludeTo conclude, study is the salt of life.on the wholeOn the whole, it is easier to get money than to keep it.in allIn all, “A good beginning is half done. ”all in allAll in all, we must fulfill the task on time.in shortIn short, health is happiness.in briefIn brief, health is better than wealth.in a wordIn a word, “A good fame is better than a good face. ”。
英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇
写作中常⽤的逻辑词汇：1．并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2．转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3．顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4．因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of5．归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word⼏个⽤得⽐较多的句⼦：As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.。
考研英语逻辑关系词,代词,和文章结构词(DOC)
考研英语逻辑关系词,代词,和文章结构词（DOC）1.五类逻辑关系(前三类常考为核心，后二类为非核心):第一类逻辑关系词:转折，让步，对比(本质:不一致)(1). 转折，对比:however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, yet*,though*, whereas*, while*, still*(但是),conversely, contrarily, contrary to, to the contrary, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast, in comparison(相反地), compared with (与…相比), unlike(不像), excluding, save, except, except that, except for, other than,barring*, aside from*, apart from*(不包括)(2). 让步:even if, even though, despite, in spite of, granted that, granting that, albeit, notwithstanding, although,though*, whereas*, while*(尽管), (but) even so, (but) even now, (but) even then(尽管如此), regardless of, irrespective of, regardless,even*(即使)(3). 转折，让步，对比:while*(尽管，然而)(4). 对比:instead, instead of, rather than, prefer to(与其做…不如做…), either…or…(或者…或者…),neither…nor…(既不…也不…), other, another(其它),some…,others…(一些…另一些…);some…most…(一些…大部分…);some…the remaining(一些…剩余的…);the former…the latter…(前者…后者…); on (the)one hand…on the other hand…; on (the) one side…on the other side…(一方面…另一方面…); some…others…still others…(一些…另一些…再一些…); against (相对)类逻辑词:no, not, without, hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, less(否定功能), stop, cease(停止), firstly, at first, previously(曾经), in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually(其实), oppose, against(反对), comparison, contrast(对比), interestingly(有趣的是), ironically(讽刺的是), (un)fortunately(不幸的是), than(比较级), anyway, anyhow(无论如何，不顾),第二类逻辑关系词:并列，递进，举例(本质:一致)并列:and(和), or(或者), also, as well as, as well, too(也), equally, similarly, alike, likewise, similar to(与…相似), consistent with, parallel with(与…一致), aside from*, apart from*, besides, including(包括), still*(仍然), according to(根据), as*, like*, as if, as though(像，如), the way(按…的方式), as usual(像通常那样)递进:furthermore, moreover, additionally, in addition, in addition to, what’s more(并且), aboveall(最重要的是), indeed(的确), even*(甚至), not only…but (also)…not simply…but (also)(不仅…而且…), more importantly, more significantly(更重要的是), still*, yet*, even*(更，后加比较级)举例总分:for example, for instance, such as, like*(例如), of, among, in, between(在这些当中…)举例分总:on the whole, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in summary, in a word, in a nutshell, toconclude, to sum up, all in all, generally, in general, overall,over all(总而言之), eventually, finally, lastly, at last(最终) 举例的分: firstly, at first, first and foremost, in the first place, to begin with, to start with(第一),secondly, in the second place, in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时) ,then*(然后), 递进词(第二), thirdly(第三)…类逻辑词:并列:“,”, “;” , “—” , “()” , namely, viz., that is, or rather, in other words, put another way(即),this/it mean, this/it refer to, this/it signify, this/it suggest,this/it imply, this/it indicate, this/itconveys, this/it infer, this/it demonstrate, this/it show, this/it illustrate, this/it display, this/ itmanifest, this/ it depict, this/it boil down to…(这意味着, 这指的是), call sth. sth., regard sth. sth. (宾语补足语), 同位语, 同位语从句, same(相同), again, once more(再次), still*(仍然,用于肯定句), yet*(仍然,用于否定句), continue(继续),be动词(是), at theleast(至少), at the most(至多), beregarded as, be considered as, be believed as, be envisioned as…(被看作)举例:“:”, e.g., include, including(包括), 数词+名词, all these(所有这些), conclusion, summary(总结)第三类逻辑关系词:原因，结果，目的(本质:因果), because of, on the ground of, 原因:because, as*, for*, given, considering, now that, in that, since*in view of, in (the) light of, by virtue of, as a result of, as a consequence of, on account of, due to, owing to, thanks to(因为), after all(毕竟), for fear of/that,lest(由于害怕, 唯恐)结果:therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly(因此), consequently, in consequence, as a result, thereby(结果是), so…that…, such…that…(如此…以至于…)目的:for*, so that, such that, in order to, so as to(为了), incase*(以防), to(为了)提示词:explanation(n.), explain(v.), account for(解释), justify, prove(证明), reason(n.), cause(n.,v.),account(原因)problem(问题), causal(adj.), resulting(adj.)(结果的), influence(n.), implication effect(n.)(影响), consequence(n.),result(n.)(结果), why(为什么), result from(导致于), root in,originate from, launched by, follow(来源于), raise, incur, arouse, affect, result in, bring about, lead to(导致), provoke, spur, urge, force, drive, stir, prompt(刺激,激起), make(使得), attribute A to B, owe A to B(把A归因于B), A be put down to B(A被归因于B), A be in response to B, A as a reaction to B(A是B的反应), the problem of A(A的问题在于…), by(通过…手段),to(为了)第四类逻辑关系词:时间(本质:时间)时间:after(在…后), thereafter(此后), before(在…前), between,during(在…间), later(后来), by,until(直到…), in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时), since, ever since,ever after(自从), even as(正当…时候), whenever(每当), then*(然后，那时), as*, while*, when*,whilst, once(当), henceforth, from now on(从今以后), until now, hitherto, so far, to date(至今为止)第五类逻辑关系词:条件(本质:条件)条件:unless, barring*, otherwise, or else(除非), when*, in case*, in case of(在…情况下), oncondition that, as long as, so long as，providing, provided, suppose, supposing, if(如果), only if(只有当), if only(如果是…就好了)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------有一个以上功能的词:even; after all; still; yet; for; in case; aside from; apart from; while;as; like; since; barring; in the meanwhile; meanwhile; then; since; when; whereas, simultaneously易混淆的词:so…that(结果)/so that(目的); such…that(结果)/suchthat(目的);accordingly(结果)/according to(并列); only if/if only(条件)/evenif/even though(让步)/as if/asthough(并列); in case(条件，目的)/in case of(条件); though(让步，转折)/although(让步)2. 代词第一类:he(him, his, his), she(her, her, hers), it(it, its, its), they(them, their, theirs) 第二类:this, that, these, those 第三类:the former, the latter第四类:other, another, else第五类:so, such第六类:then第七类:some, a few, a little, many, much, something, anything, nothing, none 第八类:here, there第九类:the previous, the last, the latest, the next, the subsequent3. 文章结构词第一类:ago, before, past, previously, at first, firstly, once, old, traditional, conventional 第二类:now, nowadays, today, these days, these weeks, these months, these years, these decades,presently, lately, new第三类:no longer, no more, not any more, change, alter, until, subsequently, after 第四类:still, yet, so far, up to now, hitherto, to this day4. 等于号be动词, 代词，并列逻辑关系词和提示词，举例逻辑关系词和提示词5. 提问词直接表达:means, show, reveal, demonstrate, signify, depict, indicate 间接表达:imply, infer, suggest, hint, connote。