初中复合句(带练习)

复合句

英语句子按照句子的功能或使用目的,可分为: 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。按照句子的结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立，不能单独存在,在句中作某一成分,如宾语.状语.定语。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。从句

宾语从句

【名师精讲】

一. 宾语从句的分类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语（或直宾）、介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

I don’t know why the train is late.

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

4.下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment.

二. 宾语从句的语序

无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。例如：I think (that) you will like this school soon.

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

三. 宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon after he graduated from the college.

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言警句，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

he teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.

四. 其它注意事项

1.宾语从句的变换步骤：

(1).确定引导词：that (陈述句) if / whether (一般疑问句) what / when 等（殊疑问句)

(2). 时态一致：如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时,从句时态保持不变．如果主句是一般过去时,时态必须一致,即用过去的相应时态，客观真理除外．3).转换语序：三大动词与主语颠倒位置, do / does / did 去掉,谓语作相应变化．

２.当主句的主语是第一人称I / we，谓语动词是think , believe, suppose等时，其后的that宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not应否定主句谓语，这叫“否定前移”。例如:I don’t think he is right. I don’t believe he will come.另外，要注意：这种句子变否定句和一般疑问句时变主句，但完成反义疑问句时要看从句。３.宾语从句与简单句的转换：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句常简化为“疑问词＋动词不定式”。I don’t know what I should do next.↔I don’t know what to do next.４.if, whether辨析：if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句时一般可互换。但有些情况例外。在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：

1) 引导主语从句和表语从句时。例如：

Whether he will come to the party is unknown.

The question is whether I can pass the exam.

2) 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时。例如：I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not. Could you tell me whether you go or not?

3)当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if