考点跟踪突破5
2015中考精英英语总复习考点跟踪训练(5)外研版七年级下Modules9~12
考点跟踪突破5七年级下册Modules 9~12一、词汇。
A.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
每词限用一次,每空限填一词。
w rite,fly,safe,cross,shop1.Mo Yan is a famous w riter.2.Shenzhou Ⅹlanded safely.3.The flight will be late because of bad weather.4.His mother often goes shopping on Sundays.5.Don't go across the bridge.It's dangerous.B.根据汉语提示填写单词。
6.—Is Mr. Black still single?(2014,鄂州)—No,he has_been_married(结婚) for two months by now.7.What other language(s)(语言)do you speak except English?8.When do you think the ship will arri v e(到达)?9.Several Germans(德国人) came to the factory and worked there for half an hour.10.The railway station is a noisy(吵闹的) place,many people go in and out every day.二、语法填空。
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Are trees important?Yes,trees are useful to man in three very important __11__.The first and the __12__ (important) way is that they provide man with much food,wood and other products.Trees provide not only man with food,but __13__ many animals with food.__14__ trees,many animals could not live on the earth.It's not easy for people __15__(live) on the earth,too.The second important way is that trees give us shade(阴凉) on a __16__ summer day.People want to have a __17__ under the shade of a tree after they have walked a long way.You canimagine __18__ important the shade of a tree is to man and to animals.The third important way is that trees help to prevent droughts and floods.However,in some __19__ (part) of the world,people have not realized the third important way.People have __20__ (cut) down large numbers of trees.In the end they find that they have lost the best friends they had.11.w ays 12.most_important 13.also 14.Without15.to_li v e 16.hot 17.rest 18.ho w19.parts 20.cut三、完形填空。
2019-2020年中考语文考点复习考点跟踪突破:文言翻译与断句
3.用现代汉语写出下列句子的意思。 (1)期年之后,虽欲言,无可进者。 一年以后(过了一年),即使(就是)想进谏,也没什么可说的了。 (2)周、隋之晚,忠臣结舌,是谓一言丧邦者。 周、隋两朝的晚期(周、隋到了晚期),忠臣都不说话,这就是人们所说的一句话会亡国 (一言会让一个国家灭亡)。 4.劝谏有多种方式。邹忌委婉劝谏,通过家事、国事类比得出了王之蔽甚矣的结论; 孙伏伽直言进谏,通过分析今世前朝希望唐高祖愿选贤才,澄僚友之选。(用原文语句回答) 5.联系上下文,结合下面句中加点词语,分析齐威王和唐高祖这两个人物的共同特点。 王曰:“善。”乃.下令……大悦,即.诏…… “乃”为“于是、就”的意思,“即”为“立即、立刻”的意思,说明齐王下令和唐高 祖发布诏书速度快,行事果断。说明他们都是虚心纳谏、心胸宽广、广开言路的帝王。 (三)(2016·济南)课外文言文阅读。 孟尝君有舍人①而弗悦,欲逐之。鲁连②谓孟尝君曰:“猿猴错木据水,则不若鱼鳖;历 险乘危,则骐骥不如狐狸;曹沫③奋三尺之剑,一军不能当,使曹沫释其三尺之剑,而操铫 鎒④。与农夫居垅亩之中,则不若农夫。故物舍其所长,之⑤其所短,尧亦有所不及矣。今使 人而不能,则谓之不肖⑥;教人而不能,则谓之拙。拙则罢之不肖则弃之,……岂非世之立 教首也哉⑦?”孟尝君曰:“善!”乃弗逐。(选自《战国策·齐策》) 【注释】①舍人:侍从。②鲁连:战国时齐国人。③曹沫:春秋鲁庄公时武士。④铫(yáo) 鎒(nòu):古代除草的农具。⑤之:这里是用的意思。⑥不肖:没有才能。⑦岂非世之立教 首也哉:这哪里是世上的用人之道呢? 1.用“/”给下面的文字断句(只画一处)。 拙则罢之/不肖则弃之 2.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。 曹沫奋三尺之剑,一军不能当。 曹沫举起三尺长剑整个军队也不能抵挡。 3.文中鲁连委婉劝谏,意在告诉孟尝君金无足赤,人无完人。(我们不必因他人在某一 方面的缺点而完全否定这个人。)的道理。
中考语文考点练习 病句辨析与修改与标点符号
考点跟踪突破5标点符号1.(2013·黄冈)下面各句中,标点符号使用规范正确的一项是(D)A.“在考场上千万别慌,”老师再三叮嘱说:“做题前一定要看清题目要求,答题要完整。
”B.我们吟诵着毛泽东的《沁园春·雪》,怎能不激起心中的豪迈之情?将自己火红的青春投入到实现民族复兴的“中国梦”中去呢?C.麻城的杜鹃花海,织就了大地斑斓的锦幛,黄梅的戏曲,婉转了世间动人的情感,武穴的酥糖,甜蜜了心头美丽的梦想。
D.过去、现在、未来,上下、左右,中国、外国,都是互相联系、互相影响、互相制约的。
[点拨:A“说”后用逗号B第一个问号改为逗号C“锦幛”“情感”之后用分号] 2.(2013·河北)依次填入下面一段文字序号处的标点符号,正确的一项是(D)吕型伟先生说:“教育是事业,事业的意义在于奉献①教育是科学,科学的价值在于求真②教育是艺术,艺术的生命在于创新③奉献,就是不能照顾个人的利害得失④求真,就是敢于坚持真理⑤创新,就是敢于独立思考⑥3.(2014·天津)A.没有风浪,就不能显示船帆的本色;没有曲折,就无法品味人生的乐趣。
B.“假如回到童年”话题征集活动,意在让人们回顾童年,真实感受时代的进步。
C.长篇报告文学《大美昆曲》是一部赞美中国戏曲艺术,讴歌民族优秀文化的作品。
D.是让你的生命更加朝气勃勃?还是让暮气滋长而举步不前?拷问着人生的选择。
4.(2014·随州)下列句子中,标点符号使用有误的一项是(C)A.可以想象,类似谷歌眼镜这样的全媒体比现在已有的信息媒介更吸引注意力。
但关键问题也没有解决:谁需要信息?需要什么样的内容?由什么样的人提供?B.加西亚·马尔克斯(1927年3月6日-2014年4月17日)将现实主义和幻想结合起来,创造了一部风云变幻的哥伦比亚和整个南美大陆的神话般的历史。
C.“歼-15”飞机是我国第一代多用途舰载战斗机,具有作战半径大,机动性能好,载弹量多等特点;该机装载两台大功率发动机,被誉为凶猛强悍的空中飞鲨。
【名师面对面】中考英语总复习 第25讲 九年级下册 modules 5-6考点跟踪突破 外研版
九年级下册Modules 5~6一、词汇。
A.根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
1.True friends require(需要) to show trust and loyalty.2.My father swims twice a week to keep fit/healthy(健康).3.Look at the party invitation(邀请) and answer the questions.4.Sometimes she gets cross/angry(生气) with the children.5.The girl can't see anything.She is blind(失明的).B)选择方框中的单词并用其正确形式填空。
catch up with,thanks to,once in a while,heat up,care for6.About 50 family members of the Chinese passengers on Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 care_for answers at the meeting.7.Thanks_to the new machine,I can save a lot of time to do what I like.8.In summer,we should heat_up the rice and vegetables left,then they can be eaten.9.Study hard,I believe you can catch_up_with the others.10.We can only eat fast food once_in_a_while.二、语法填空。
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
考点跟踪突破5 八年级上册 Units 1-2(真题特训)
考点跟踪突破5八年级上册Units 1-2(真题特训)一、单项选择。
1.—What is Jim doing now? —He is writing __A__ e-mail on ________ Internet.A.an;the B.a;an C.a;/D.an;a2.—My favorite TV __D__ is A Bite of China.—We like it,too.My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.(2014,宜昌)A.instruction B.guidebook C.entertainment D.program3.The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in __C__ is very important.(2014,滨州) A.themselves B.itself C.ourselves D.yourselves4.My mother prefers to take a bus to her office __C__ she has a car of her own.(2014,台州)A.if B.because C.although D.until5.Leo was so __B__ that he rushed to the kitchen,hoping to find something to eat.(2014,温州) A.thirsty B.hungry C.tired D.sleepy6.You __C__ ever saw computers years ago,but now they are everywhere.(2014,沈阳)A.sometimes B.usually C.hardly D.almost7.“I don't think I am different from __A__else.I am just the son of a farmer,” Mo Yan said.(2014,东莞) A.anyone B.nobody C.someone D.everyone8.When summer comes,a lot of people feel like __C__ to have fun.(2014,黄石)A.to swim B.swim C.swimming D.have swim9.The children decide __B__ their school yard this Friday afternoon.(2014,河北)A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned10.On May 22,a Han taxi driver __A__an old lady to the hospital as soon as he could in Xinjiang.(2014,陕西) A.sent B.sends C.is sending D.has sent11.—__A__ does Tom go to the club? —Once a week.(2014,衡阳)A.How often B.How soon C.How long12.—Did you have a sports meeting yesterday?—No,we didn't.It was put off __B__ the heavy rain.(2014,襄阳)A.instead of B.because of C.as for D.across from13.—Oh,it's too difficult for me __B__ the task in such a short time.—Cheer up!I'm sure you can.(2014,荆州)A.finish B.to finish C.finished D.finishing14.—Did you meet __C__?—Y es,I met Guo Degang.He is ________to make everyone laugh.A.interesting anyone;funny enoughB.anyone interesting;enough funnyC.anyone interesting;funny enoughD.interesting anyone;enough funny15.—How was your weekend?—__B__!I enjoyed myself at the party with my friends.A.It is great B.It was great C.It is bad D.It was bad二、完形填空。
第1部分 板块2 核心考点突破拿高分 专题5 第1讲 直线与圆(小题)
第1讲 直线与圆(小题)热点一 直线的方程及应用 1.两条直线平行与垂直的判定若两条不重合的直线l 1,l 2的斜率k 1,k 2存在,则l 1∥l 2⇔k 1=k 2,l 1⊥l 2⇔k 1k 2=-1.若给出的直线方程中存在字母系数,则要考虑斜率是否存在. 2.求直线方程要注意几种直线方程的局限性.点斜式、斜截式方程要求直线不能与x 轴垂直,两点式不能表示与坐标轴垂直的直线,而截距式方程不能表示过原点的直线,也不能表示垂直于坐标轴的直线.3.两个距离公式(1)两平行直线l 1:Ax +By +C 1=0,l 2:Ax +By +C 2=0间的距离d =|C 1-C 2|A 2+B 2(A 2+B 2≠0).(2)点(x 0,y 0)到直线l :Ax +By +C =0的距离d =|Ax 0+By 0+C |A 2+B2(A 2+B 2≠0). 例1 (1)(2019·宝鸡模拟)若直线x +(1+m )y -2=0与直线mx +2y +4=0平行,则m 的值是( )A.1B.-2C.1或-2D.-32(2)我国魏晋时期的数学家刘徽创立了割圆术,也就是用内接正多边形去逐步逼近圆,即圆内接正多边形边数无限增加时,其周长就越逼近圆周长,这种用极限思想解决数学问题的方法是数学史上的一项重大成就.现作出圆x 2+y 2=2的一个内接正八边形,使该正八边形的其中4个顶点在坐标轴上,则下列4条直线中不是该正八边形的一条边所在直线的为( ) A.x +(2-1)y -2=0 B.(1-2)x -y +2=0 C.x -(2+1)y +2=0D.(2-1)x -y +2=0跟踪演练1 (1)已知直线l 1:x ·sin α+y -1=0,直线l 2:x -3y ·cos α+1=0,若l 1⊥l 2,则sin 2α等于( ) A.23 B.±35 C.-35 D.35(2)已知直线l 经过直线l 1:x +y =2与l 2:2x -y =1的交点,且直线l 的斜率为-23,则直线l的方程是( ) A.-3x +2y +1=0 B.3x -2y +1=0 C.2x +3y -5=0 D.2x -3y +1=0热点二 圆的方程及应用 1.圆的标准方程当圆心为(a ,b ),半径为r 时,其标准方程为(x -a )2+(y -b )2=r 2,特别地,当圆心在原点时,方程为x 2+y 2=r 2. 2.圆的一般方程x 2+y 2+Dx +Ey +F =0,其中D 2+E 2-4F >0,表示以⎝⎛⎭⎫-D 2,-E 2为圆心,D 2+E 2-4F 2为半径的圆.3.解决与圆有关的问题一般有两种方法(1)几何法:通过研究圆的性质、直线与圆、圆与圆的位置关系,进而求得圆的基本量和方程. (2)代数法:即用待定系数法先设出圆的方程,再由条件求得各系数.例2 (1)(2018·天津)在平面直角坐标系中,经过三点(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)的圆的方程为____________.方法二 画出示意图如图所示,则△OAB 为等腰直角三角形, 故所求圆的圆心为(1,0),半径为1, ∴所求圆的方程为(x -1)2+y 2=1, 即x 2+y 2-2x =0.(2)抛物线x 2=4y 的焦点为F ,点P 为抛物线上的动点,点M 为其准线上的动点,当△FPM 为等边三角形时,则△FPM 的外接圆的方程为________.跟踪演练2 (1)(2019·黄冈调研)已知圆x 2+y 2+2k 2x +2y +4k =0关于y =x 对称,则k 的值为( )A.-1B.1C.±1D.0(2)(2019·河北省级示范性高中联合体联考)已知A ,B 分别是双曲线C :x 2m -y 22=1的左、右顶点,P (3,4)为C 上一点,则△P AB 的外接圆的标准方程为________________. 热点三 直线与圆、圆与圆的位置关系1.直线与圆的位置关系:相交、相切和相离,判断的方法 (1)点线距离法.(2)判别式法:设圆C :(x -a )2+(y -b )2=r 2,直线l :Ax +By +C =0(A 2+B 2≠0),方程组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Ax +By +C =0,(x -a )2+(y -b )2=r 2, 消去y ,得到关于x 的一元二次方程,其根的判别式为Δ,则直线与圆相离⇔Δ<0,直线与圆相切⇔Δ=0,直线与圆相交⇔Δ>0.2.圆与圆的位置关系有五种,即内含、内切、相交、外切、外离.3.圆上的点与圆外点的距离的最值问题,可以转化为圆心到点的距离问题;圆上的点与直线上点的距离的最值问题,可以转化为圆心到直线的距离问题;圆上的点与另一圆上点的距离的最值问题,可以转化为圆心到圆心的距离问题.例3 (1)(2019·长沙市长郡中学模拟)已知圆C 1:(x -2)2+(y -2)2=r 21(r 1>0),圆C 2:(x +1)2+(y +1)2=r 22(r 2>0),圆C 1与圆C 2相切,并且两圆的一条外公切线的斜率为7,则r 1r 2为________.(2)(2019·淄博模拟)已知直线l :y =-2x -m (m >0)与圆C :x 2+y 2-2x -2y -23=0,直线l 与圆C 相交于不同两点M ,N .若|MN →|≤2|CM →+CN →|,则m 的取值范围是( ) A.[5,5) B.[2,55-3) C.(5,55)D.(3,2)跟踪演练3 (1)(2019·柳州模拟)已知点M 是抛物线y 2=2x 上的动点,以点M 为圆心的圆被y 轴截得的弦长为8,则该圆被x 轴截得的弦长的最小值为( ) A.10 B.4 3 C.8 D.215(2)(2019·绵阳诊断)已知圆C 1:x 2+y 2=r 2,圆C 2:(x -a )2+(y -b )2=r 2(r >0)交于不同的A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2)两点,给出下列结论:①a (x 1-x 2)+b (y 1-y 2)=0;②2ax 1+2by 1=a 2+b 2;③x 1+x 2=a ,y 1+y 2=b .其中正确结论的个数是( ) A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3真题体验1.(2018·全国Ⅲ,理,6)直线x +y +2=0分别与x 轴,y 轴交于A ,B 两点,点P 在圆(x -2)2+y 2=2上,则△ABP 面积的取值范围是( ) A.[2,6] B.[4,8] C.[2,32]D.[22,32]2.(2016·全国Ⅱ,理,4)圆x 2+y 2-2x -8y +13=0的圆心到直线ax +y -1=0的距离为1,则a 等于( )A.-43B.-34C. 3D.23.(2019·浙江,12)已知圆C 的圆心坐标是(0,m ),半径长是r .若直线2x -y +3=0与圆C 相切于点A (-2,-1),则m =________,r =________. 押题预测1.已知直线x -ay =0与圆x 2+(y +4)2=9相切,则实数a 等于( ) A.377 B.-377 C.±377 D.972.若圆x 2+y 2=4与圆x 2+y 2+ax +2ay -9=0(a >0)相交,公共弦的长为22,则a =________.3.甲、乙两人参加歌咏比赛的得分(均为两位数)如茎叶图所示,甲的平均数为b ,乙的众数为a ,且直线ax +by +8=0与以A (1,-1)为圆心的圆交于B ,C 两点,且∠BAC =120°,则圆A 的标准方程为________.A 组 专题通关1.(2019·衡水质检)直线2x ·sin 210°-y -2=0的倾斜角是( ) A.45° B.135° C.30° D.150°2.(2019·黄冈调研)过点A (1,2)的直线在两坐标轴上的截距之和为零,则该直线方程为( ) A.y -x =1B.y +x =3C.2x -y =0或x +y =3D.2x -y =0或y -x =13.(2019·东北三省三校模拟)设直线y =x -2与圆O :x 2+y 2=a 2相交于A ,B 两点,且|AB |=23,则圆O 的面积为( ) A.π B.2π C.4π D.8π4.(2019·湘赣十四校联考)圆(x +2)2+(y -3)2=9上到直线x +y =0的距离等于2的点有( ) A.4个 B.3个 C.2个 D.1个5.(2019·黄山质检)直线2x -y -3=0与y 轴的交点为P ,点P 把圆(x +1)2+y 2=36的直径分为两段,则较长一段与较短一段的长度的比值等于( ) A.2 B.3 C.4 D.56.若直线ax +by +1=0始终平分圆M :x 2+y 2+4x +2y +1=0,则(a -2)2+(b -2)2的最小值为( )A. 5B.5C.2 5D.107.(2019·河北省五个一名校联盟诊断)已知点P 为圆C :(x -1)2+(y -2)2=4上一点,A (0, -6),B (4,0),则|P A →+PB →|的最大值为( ) A.26+2 B.26+4 C.226+4D.226+28.(2019·菏泽模拟)已知点P 是直线l :3x +4y -7=0上的动点,过点P 引圆C :(x +1)2+y 2=r 2(r >0)的两条切线PM ,PN .M ,N 为切点,当∠MPN 的最大值为π3时,则r 的值为( )A.4B.3C.2D.1 9.(2019·宝鸡模拟)设D 为椭圆x 2+y 25=1上任意一点,A (0,-2),B (0,2),延长AD 至点P ,使得|PD |=|BD |,则点P 的轨迹方程为( ) A.x 2+(y -2)2=20 B.x 2+(y -2)2=5 C.x 2+(y +2)2=20D.x 2+(y +2)2=510.(2019·德阳模拟)已知点P (-3,0)在动直线m (x -1)+n (y -3)=0上的投影为点M ,若点N ⎝⎛⎭⎫2,32,那么|MN |的最小值为( ) A.2 B.32 C.1 D.1211.已知圆C :x 2+y 2=1,点P 为直线x +2y -4=0上一动点,过点P 向圆C 引两条切线分别为P A ,PB ,A ,B 为切点,则直线AB 经过定点( ) A.⎝⎛⎭⎫12,14 B.⎝⎛⎭⎫14,12 C.⎝⎛⎭⎫34,0D.⎝⎛⎭⎫0,34 12.(2019·南昌模拟)已知A (-3,0),B (3,0),P 为圆x 2+y 2=1上的动点,AP →=PQ →,过点P 作与AP 垂直的直线l 交直线QB 于点M ,则M 的横坐标的取值范围是( ) A.|x |≥1 B.|x |>1 C.|x |≥2D.|x |≥2213.(2019·福建四校联考)已知直线3x +4y -3=0,6x +my +14=0平行,则它们之间的距离是________.14.(2019·天津市十二重点中学联考)已知圆C 的圆心在x 轴的正半轴上,且y 轴和直线3x +4y +4=0均与圆C 相切,则圆C 的标准方程为________.15.(2019·湖北省部分重点中学联考)已知O 为原点,过点P ⎝⎛⎭⎫1,-32的直线l 与圆O :x 2+y 2=5相交于A ,B 两点,若△AOB 的面积为2,则直线l 的方程为________.16.(2019·辽宁省六校联考)已知⊙O :x 2+y 2=1.若直线y =kx +2上总存在点P ,使得过点P 的⊙O 的两条切线互相垂直,则实数k 的取值范围是________.B 组 能力提高17.若对圆(x -1)2+(y -1)2=1上任意一点P (x ,y ),||3x -4y +a ||+3x -4y -9的取值与x ,y 无关,则实数a 的取值范围是________.18.已知圆C 与x 轴相切于点T (1,0),与y 轴正半轴交于两点A ,B (B 在A 的上方)且|AB |=2,过点A 任作一条直线与圆O :x 2+y 2=1相交于M ,N 两点,下列三个结论:①|NA ||NB |=|MA ||MB |;②|NB ||NA |-|MA ||MB |=2;③|NB ||NA |+|MA ||MB |=2 2.其中正确结论的序号是________.。
考点跟踪突破【第17讲 九年级(全)Unit 5 ~ Unit 6】
第17讲九年级(全)Unit 5 ~Unit 6一、单项选择。
1. —What should we do for the camping trip?—We'd better make a __A__ of things like foods, drinks, medicine and so on.(2019,福建)A. listB. cardC. report2. —Confucius Institute(孔子学院)has been set up in many other countries.—Yes, Chinese is __B__ spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese.(2019,滨州)A. hardlyB. widelyC. neverD. seldom3. —What time do you get up in the morning on school days?—I get up at 7:00 every morning to avoid __C__ the early bus.(2019,安顺)A. missB. missedC. missingD. to miss4. The cheese cake __D__ so good that I can't wait to eat it. (2018,温州)A. tastesB. feelsC. soundsD. smells5. He was once __D__ killed in a car accident several years ago. (2018,包头)A. completelyB. sadlyC. exactlyD. nearly6. —Excuse me, sir. Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you?—Oh, sorry. I took it __C__. Mine is over there under the chair. (2018,襄阳)A. at onceB. on timeC. by mistakeD. in all7. A true friend is a person __C__ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which8. —Our classroom is so clean. Who's cleaned it, Li Fei?—Sorry, I don't know. I think __A__ did it before class.A. somebodyB. nobodyC. everyoneD. anyone9. Nowadays some __B__ made in China are both good and cheap, such as Xiaomi mobile phones, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers.A. toolsB. productsC. materialsD. instruments10. —Why do you always go to that supermarket to go shopping?—The clerks there are very nice to their __B__.A. bossB. customersC. coachesD. managers二、补全对话。
【名师面对面】中考英语总复习 第8讲 八年级上册 modules 5-6考点跟踪突破 外研版
八年级上册Modules 5~6一、词汇。
A.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
每词限用一次,每空限填一词。
show,dangerous,twenty,natural,science1.Yesterday was my twentieth birthday,I received lots of presents.2.Would you mind showing me the photos you took in Africa?3.My dream is to be a scientist,so I must work hard at all the subjects now.4.Do you know that a lot of animals are in danger?They need our help.5.More and more young people go close to nature when they are free.B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示,在空白处填入单词的正确形式。
每空限填一词。
Many people say dolphins are very intelligent(聪颖的).They seem to be able to think,understand,and learn things quickly.But are they 6.clever(聪明的)like humans or more like cats or dogs?Scientists say dolphin intelligence is 7.similar(相似的)to human intelligence in some ways.How?Like humans,every dolphin has a “name”.It is a 8.special(特别的) whistle(哨声).Scientists think dolphins,like people,“9.talk”(谈话)to each other about a lot of things,such as their age,their feelings,or finding food.And,like humans,dolphins use system(系统) of sounds and body language to municate(交流).But understanding their conversations is not easy for humans.No one “speaks dolphin” yet,but some scientists are trying to learn.Dolphins are also social animals.They live in groups,and they often come to play games from different groups and have 11.fun(乐趣),just like people.In fact,playing 12.together(一起)is something only intelligent animals do.Dolphins and humans 13.both(都)make plans to get something they want.In the seas of southern Brazil,dolphins use an interesting way to get food.When fish are 14.near(靠近)a boat,dolphins signal(发信号) to the fishermen to put their nets(网)in the water.And the men can catch a lot of fish.What is the advantage for the dolphins?Why do they 15.help(帮助)the men?The dolphins can get some of the fish.二、语法填空。
第1部分 板块2 核心考点突破拿高分 专题5 第3讲 圆锥曲线中的最值、范围、证明问题(大题)
第3讲 圆锥曲线中的最值、范围、证明问题(大题)热点一 最值问题求圆锥曲线中三角形面积的最值的关键(1)公式意识,把求三角形的面积转化为求距离、求角等; (2)方程思想,即引入参数,寻找关于参数的方程;(3)不等式意识,寻找关于参数的不等式,利用基本不等式等求最值.例1 (2019·邯郸模拟)已知椭圆E :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的左、右焦点分别为F 1,F 2,P 为E 上的一个动点,且|PF 2|的最大值为2+3,E 的离心率与椭圆Ω:x 22+y 28=1的离心率相等.(1)求E 的方程;(2)直线l 与E 交于M ,N 两点(M ,N 在x 轴的同侧),当F 1M ∥F 2N 时,求四边形F 1F 2NM 面积的最大值.跟踪演练1 (2019·焦作模拟)已知椭圆C :x 22+y 2=1,点A ⎝⎛⎭⎫1,12,B (1,2). (1)若直线l 1与椭圆C 交于M ,N 两点,且A 为线段MN 的中点,求直线MN 的斜率; (2)若直线l 2:y =2x +t (t ≠0)与椭圆C 交于P ,Q 两点,求△BPQ 的面积的最大值.圆锥曲线的范围问题的常见解法(1)几何法:若题目中的条件和结论能明显体现几何特征和意义,则考虑利用图形性质来解决; (2)代数法:若题目中的条件和结论能体现一种明确的函数关系或不等关系或已知参数与新参数之间的等量关系等,则可利用这些关系去求参数的范围.例2 (2019·江西九校联考)已知椭圆E :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的右焦点F (1,0),A ,B ,C 是椭圆上任意三点,A ,B 关于原点对称且满足k AC ·k BC =-12.(1)求椭圆E 的方程;(2)若斜率为k 的直线与圆:x 2+y 2=1相切,与椭圆E 相交于不同的两点P ,Q ,求|PQ |≥435时,k 的取值范围.跟踪演练2 (2019·合肥质检)已知抛物线C :x 2=2py (p >0)上一点M (m ,9)到其焦点F 的距离为10.(1)求抛物线C 的方程;(2)设过焦点F 的直线l 与抛物线C 交于A ,B 两点,且抛物线在A ,B 两点处的切线分别交x 轴于P ,Q 两点,求|AP |·|BQ |的取值范围.圆锥曲线的证明问题,常表现为证明相等、定值、过定点、点在曲线上等,一般是以直线与圆锥曲线为载体,综合使用圆锥曲线的性质及位置关系进行论证.例3 (2019·南开模拟)已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的离心率为12,以原点为圆心,以椭圆的短半轴长为半径的圆与直线x -y +6=0相切.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)过椭圆的右焦点F 的直线l 1与椭圆交于A ,B ,过F 与l 1垂直的直线l 2与椭圆交于C ,D ,与l 3:x =4交于P ,求证:直线P A ,PF ,PB 的斜率k P A ,k PF ,k PB 成等差数列.跟踪演练3 (2019·深圳调研)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,椭圆C 的中心在坐标原点O ,其右焦点为F (1,0),且点⎝⎛⎭⎫1,32在椭圆C 上.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)设椭圆的左、右顶点分别为A ,B ,M 是椭圆上异于A ,B 的任意一点,直线MF 交椭圆C 于另一点N ,直线MB 交直线x =4于Q 点,求证:A ,N ,Q 三点在同一条直线上.真题体验(2019·全国Ⅱ,理,21)已知点A (-2,0),B (2,0),动点M (x ,y )满足直线AM 与BM 的斜率之积为-12.记M 的轨迹为曲线C .(1)求C 的方程,并说明C 是什么曲线;(2)过坐标原点的直线交C 于P ,Q 两点,点P 在第一象限,PE ⊥x 轴,垂足为E ,连接QE 并延长交C 于点G .①证明:△PQG 是直角三角形; ②求△PQG 面积的最大值.押题预测已知椭圆W :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的离心率为22,点P (2a ,3),F 1,F 2分别是椭圆W 的左、右焦点,△PF 1F 2为等腰三角形. (1)求椭圆W 的方程;(2)过左焦点F 1作直线l 1交椭圆于A ,B 两点,其中A (0,1),另一条过F 1的直线l 2交椭圆于C ,D 两点(不与A ,B 重合),且D 点不与点(0,-1)重合.过F 1作x 轴的垂线分别交直线AD ,BC 于E ,G . ①求B 点坐标; ②求证:|EF 1|=|F 1G |.A 组 专题通关1.(2019·吉林调研)已知A ,B 为椭圆E :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的上、下顶点,|AB |=2,且离心率为32. (1)求椭圆E 的方程;(2)若点P (x 0,y 0)(x 0≠0)为直线y =2上任意一点,P A ,PB 交椭圆于C ,D 两点,求四边形ACBD 面积的最大值.2.已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的短轴长为2,离心率为32.(1)求椭圆C 的标准方程;(2)若过点(-3,0)的直线l 与椭圆C 交于不同的两点M ,N ,O 为坐标原点,求OM →·ON →的取值范围.3.(2019·恩施州质检)已知抛物线C :y 2=2px (p >0)的焦点为F ,其准线L :x =-1与x 轴的交点为K ,过点K 的直线l 与抛物线C 交于A ,B 两点. (1)求抛物线C 的方程;(2)点A 关于x 轴的对称点为D ,证明:存在实数t ∈(0,1),使得KF →=tKB →+(1-t )KD →.B 组 能力提高4.(2019·泰安质检)已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的离心率e =22,且经过点⎝⎛⎭⎫-22,32.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)过点P (-2,0)且不与x 轴重合的直线l 与椭圆C 交于不同的两点A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2),过右焦点F 的直线AF ,BF 分别交椭圆C 于点M ,N ,设AF →=αFM →,BF →=βFN →,α,β∈R ,求α+β的取值范围.5.(2019·六安模拟)设椭圆E :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0),其中长轴长是短轴长的2倍,过焦点且垂直于x 轴的直线被椭圆截得的弦长为2 3.(1)求椭圆E 的方程;(2)点P 是椭圆E 上动点,且横坐标大于2,点B ,C 在y 轴上,(x -1)2+y 2=1内切于△PBC ,试判断点P 的横坐标为何值时△PBC 的面积S 最小.。
聚焦中考英语(人教版)考点聚焦考点跟踪突破:考点跟踪突破5 七年级(下)Units9~12
考点跟踪突破5 七年级(下)Units 9~12一、单项选择。
1.The little dancer from Australia looks __D__ in the long skirt.(2015,上海)A.gently B.happily C.beautifully D.lovely2.I lost my ticket,but __C__ the travel agent gave me another one.(2015,江西)A.actually B.firstlyC.luckily D.exactly3.Now,people have more free time.Square Dancing is becoming more and more __D__.(2015,安徽)A.comfortable B.difficultC.different D.popular4.—Jason,would you please __C__ this notice?—With pleasure.(2015,武汉)A.put on B.put off C.put up D.put out5.On Fridays,I often __C__ with my sister and watch Running Man at home.(2015,龙东) A.show up B.come upC.stay up6.—Jim,please help me __B__ the cooked meat.I want to make fried rice.—OK,Mom.(2015,莆田)A.cut down B.cut upC.cut off7.I am new here.I often get lost and can't find my __B__.(2015,菏泽)A.ticket B.way C.wallet8.There was something wrong with the line.We couldn't __C__ each other clearly.(2015,呼和浩特)A.listen B.sound C.hear D.speak9.Lao She's Teahouse __A__ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.(2015,天津) A.describes B.improvesC.prepares D.corrects10.__B__ stop more accidents,we should slow down the driving speed.(2015,白银) A.In order that B.In order toC.Thanks for D.Thanks to11.—Could you tell me the way __B__ the railway station?(2015,天津)—Go along this road and soon you'll find it.A.at B.to C.in D.between12.The shoes don't fit me.Would you please show me __A__?(2015,遵义)A.another pair B.the other oneC.the other D.another one13.When our teacher heard of the news,he was too angry to say __D__.(2015,烟台) A.everything B.nothingC.something D.anything14.—Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge?—Yes.She __B__ it two years ago.(2015,沈阳)A.visits B.visitedC.has visited D.was visiting15.—__B__?—He is of medium height and has straight hair.A.What does his uncle doB.What does his uncle look likeC.What can his uncle doD.What is his uncle doing二、词汇运用。
精编2019级(四川省)聚焦中考语文习题课件、考点跟踪突破5_句子的衔接、排序与仿写
考点跟踪突破5句子的衔接、排序与仿写1.(2015·乐山)依次填入下列横线上的短语最恰当的一项是( B )一位老先生为学徒留下了一段精彩的题词:“待人应守________,治事应持________,创业酌用________,养心可奉释家之超脱,行文当如________,读书当如________。
”如此博采百家学问而集于一身,必能成为贤者。
①兵家之权变②儒家之忠诚③纵横家之灵活④墨家之兼爱⑤法家之严明A.①②③④⑤B.②⑤①③④C.④①⑤③② D.②③⑤①④2.(2015·资阳)文中画横线的句子排序正确的一项是( D )有的人脑子天生聪明,可这并不是成才的保证。
①荀子说过:“骐骥一跃,不能十步;驽马十驾,功在不舍。
”②方仲永不正是由于不好学而从一个天才成为一个让人遗憾的庸才吗?③只有踏踏实实地学习,才能打下扎实的基础。
④人不好学,要想成才又从何说起呢?⑤知识的海洋是无边的,一个人生命却有限。
A.③①②④⑤ B.②①③④⑤C.③①②⑤④ D.②①③⑤④3.(2015·武汉)把下面句子还原到文中的位置,正确的一处是( C )比如“一粥一饭当思来之不易,半丝半缕恒念物力维艰”,说得何等的好!现在人们注重用传统经典来教育下一代。
(A)一些家训,一些幼年启蒙读物重新受到关注。
(B)其中有的是对行为举止的强调,今天看来虽然严格,但能有效规范人们的行为;有的是对道德情操的熏陶,意旨深远,直指伟大民族的精神源头。
(C)有了这样的认知,难得不让人产生敬畏。
(D)可喜的是,不少人已经有了这样的认识。
4.(2015·杭州)阅读下面的文字,按要求完成(1)(2)两小题。
今年母亲节,许多年轻人在微信朋友圈晒文字,秀照片,倾诉对母亲的爱,表达对母亲的感恩和祝福。
而在现实生活中,年轻人往往不太习惯向母亲当面表达感情。
他们或忙于学习,或忙于工作,或因为其他种种原因,很少陪母亲。
在这个属于母亲的节日里,他们通过微信尽情抒发自己的感情。
【2020】中考英语 考点跟踪突破39 阅读理解训练五 人教新目标版
A.The Story of Ma Yun
B.The Story of China Yellow Pages
C.The Story of Alibaba
D
Tony Wheeler was born to travel..His father worked for an airline..For the first 16 years of his life,Wheeler and his family lived in many different countries..
C.a well known club in New York
B(20xx,成都)
How much do you know about Albert Einstein?
Albert Einstein,born on March 14,1879 in Germany,was a great scientist in the world..He was strange because he hated haircuts and new clothes..He believed in peace..All his life,he hated war..However,his most famous idea,E=mc2,helped create the world's most dangerous weapon (武器).Many people think he was the smartest person in the world..But Einstein said that he_thought_like_a_child_with_many_questions_and_unusual_ideas..
2019-2020年中考语文考点复习考点跟踪突破:说明对象与特征
2019-2020年中考语文考点复习考点是艮踪突破:说明对象与特征(一)(2016 •包头)阅读下文,完成1—4题。
筷子春秋①我们的祖先何时开始使用筷子,已无可考。
但这两根小玩意,一旦能熟练操纵,使用起来灵巧无比,难怪西方有学者赞扬筷子是古老东方文明的代表。
②筷子在先秦时称为“校”,是木字旁,不是“挟”。
《礼记•曲礼上》提及“羹之有菜者用校”,郑玄的注释是“校,犹箸也”。
司马迁的《史记•宋微子世家》谓“纣始为象箸,箕子叹曰:'彼为象箸,必为玉梧‘。
”说明“箸”的称呼始自商代。
③“箸”变成今天的“筷”,有个说法是与江南沿海的船民有关,因“箸”与“住”同音,对船民而言有不吉利的意思,所以反其意称“箸”为“快儿”。
又因多数“快儿”是用竹子所做,于是在“快”字上加了竹字头,成为“筷子。
虽明代已经有人称“箸”为“快” 或“筷”,但清《康熙字典》仅收录了“箸”而并未收录“筷”。
④《礼记》有所谓“饭黍毋从箸”,先秦时人们吃饭用手抓食,箸只用于夹菜。
从饮食进化推想,原始社会以手抓食可谓自然不过,其后的食器发展为“匕”,曲柄浅斗,很像今天的羹匙•。
今天的“匙”相信是由“匕”发展而来,但总不及用箸夹菜更为方便。
⑤理论上,促成“箸”的诞生,契机应是熟食烫手。
先民发明钻木取火,将食物煮熟后,・・・随手用树枝捞取是合理推测,因为原始人类生活在森林和洞穴,最方便的材料是树枝。
从现在筷子的形体来看,它还带有原始竹木棍棒的特征。
⑥筷子虽是餐具,却又像微型健身器。
有学者指出,用筷子进食时,要牵动人体三十多个关节和五十多条肌肉,有助于刺激神经系统的活动。
⑦筷子不过是小小餐具,却魅力十足,成为文明进步的标志。
法国思想家罗兰•巴特谈到筷子时认为,筷子不像西方餐具刀、叉那样用于切、扎、截,因而“食物不再成为人们暴力之下的猎物,而是和谐传送的物质”。
(作者李阳波,选自2016年5月6日《光明日报》,有删改)1.本文从哪几个方面介绍了有关“筷子”的知识?①“筷子,,一词的由来和演变。
【名师面对面】中考精英英语(外研版)总复习考点跟踪突破19 九年级上册 Modules 5~6(1)
考点跟踪突破19九年级上册Modules 5~6一、词汇。
A.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
每词限用一次,每空限填一词。
punish,miss,popular,repair,necessary1.It's necessary for us to learn English well.2.Who helped you repair the car?3.British Museum is one of the most_popular museums in London.4.The teacher punished the noisy children by making them stay after school yesterday.5.I can't find my missing cat.Could you help me,Tom?B.根据电子邮件内容和括号内所给汉语意思,写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
(2013,嘉兴)Dear Annie,Everyone thinks I am so lucky to have parents who are always 6.spending(度过) their time with me.I don't feel that way,though.Mum and dad have made many 7.rules(规则) at home.For example,they don't allow me to have fun with friends on weekends.8.Instead(代替),I have to stay at home,busy with endless 9.home w ork(家庭作业).They are watching over me all the time.I want to 10.join(加入) the after-class activities I'm interested in,and not the ones they think are eful(有用的),but I have to obey them.Can you tell me what I should do?TomDear Tom,Thank you for your message.It 12.seems(似乎) that your parents want to protect you,though you may feel uncomfortable sometimes.Why don't you have an 13.honest(诚实的) chat with them?Show your parents that you are old enough to take 14.care(照料) of yourself and make your own decision.Express your feelings to them.Then,work 15.together(一起) to reach an agreement.Be patient,and I'm sure things will be better from now on.Annie二、语法填空。
中考语文复习+考点跟踪突破5 文学常识与名著阅读(一)
考点跟踪突破5文学常识与名著阅读(一)1.(2015·黔南)下面关于文学常识的说法,不正确的一项是( A )A.法国作家莫泊桑被称为短篇小说巨匠,《我的叔叔于勒》就选自其小说集《羊脂球》,其代表作品还有《项链》《巴黎圣母院》《九三年》等。
B.同样以母爱为主题,现代著名作家冰心在散文诗《荷叶•母亲》中借助具体形象来表达,而学者胡适在《我的母亲》中通过回忆母亲的教子方式来体现。
C.《论语》是儒家经典,记录了春秋时期思想家、教育家孔子和他的弟子的言行;《庄子》属于道家经典,是战国时期哲学家庄周及其后学的著作集。
D.《桃花源记》借虚构的故事寄托社会理想,《五柳先生传》用传记的形式表现人物的性格志趣,这两篇文章都是东晋诗人陶渊明的作品。
2.(2015·攀枝花)下列关于文学、文化常识的表述不正确的一项是( D )A.《世说新语》是南朝宋刘义庆组织编写的一部小说集,主要记载汉末到东晋士大夫的言谈、逸事。
B.书信和普通文章的区别,主要在体例格式上而非内容上。
在书信中,可以记叙事情,描写景物,说明事物,抒发情感,也可以发表对人生和社会的议论。
C.课文《马》的作者布封是法国博物学家、作家,著有《自然史》和《昆虫记》。
D.在《格列佛游记》中,格列佛和慧骃之间的对话成了对“人类”社会的无情鞭笞——比如,格列佛对英国士兵的解释是:“一只受人雇佣、杀人不眨眼的耶胡,它杀自己的同类越多越好。
”3.(2015·黄冈)下列关于名著知识及文学常识的表述,有误的一项是( D )A.我国古代的“文房四宝”指笔、墨、纸、砚。
“一门三父子,都是大文豪。
诗赋传千古,峨眉共比高”中的“三父子”是指苏洵、苏轼、苏辙。
B.林冲是《水浒传》中的人物,绰号“豹子头”,他武艺高强,但安分守己,懦弱隐忍,逆来顺受,因被高俅陷害,被一步步逼上梁山。
鲁智深是林冲的结拜兄弟,他胆大心细,疾恶如仇,侠肝义胆,有勇有谋。
C.《骆驼祥子》中,祥子在历经被抢劫、被敲诈、虎妞难产而死、小福子自杀等一系列打击之后,彻底丧失了生活的希望,由原来那个老实、坚韧、善良的人变成了狡猾、麻木、自暴自弃的行尸走肉。
【名师面对面】中考英语总复习 第1讲 七年级上册 modules 1-5考点跟踪突破 外研版
七年级上册Modules 1~5一、词汇运用。
A.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
每词限用一次,每空限填一词。
build,lesson,hospital,health,give1.I'm Jim Green.Jim is my given name.2.My mother works in a hospital.She's a doctor.3.How many buildings are there at Park School?4.Vegetables are healthy food.They are good for our bodies.5.—How many lessons do you have every day?—I have four in the morning and three in the afternoon.B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示在空白处写出单词的正确形式,每空限填一词。
Hello,everyone!Here is a photo.Do you want to know this girl?Her (名字) is Betty.She is 7.from(来自) England.She is 8.English(英国人).She is in Beijing 9.with(和……一起) her mother.She is 10.in(在) Class Six Grade Seven of No. 12 Middle School.She is 11.twelve(十二) years old.Her mother works in a hospital.She is a good 12.doctor(医生).Look,this girl is me.Who 13.is(是) the man next to me?He is Betty's14.father(父亲).He is an 15.American(美国人).He is very kind to us.二、语法填空。
考点跟踪突破
考点跟踪突破1 七年级(上)Starters~Unit 4一、完形填空。
Many years ago in a village, Harlem, Holland, there lived a young boy. His name wasHans and he was eight years old. One __1__ day, Hans went across the reservoir(水库) to visit anold blind man. He took the man some biscuits and stayed there for a while. Then, Hans decided to __2__ his home.“The water in the reservoir usually gets __3__ in autumn, 〞said the old man. “Be __4__,Hans.〞On his way home, Hans sang a song, watched the rabbits run around and picked some flowers for his mother. __5__,the sky got dark and heavy rain began to fall. Hans felt afraid and started to __6__. Just then, he heard the sound of water running away. He looked around carefully,and then __7__ a very small hole in the dam(水坝).The next morning, a farmer walked by and heard Hans'cries. “I am trying to stop the __13__,〞the boy said. “Can you help me?〞The farmer called some other people and they quickly __14__ the hole. Then, they took Hans home. Everyone was very proud of that __15__ boy.1. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter2. A. clean B. find out C. return to D. draw3. A. dirtier B. colder C. quieter D. higher4. A. careful B. kind C. clever D. helpful5. A. Surely B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Normally6. A. jump B. wait C. run D. work7. A. made B. noticed C. dug D. felt8. A. because B. even if C. before D. so that9. A. rain B. dam C. finger D. hole10. A. unless B. when C. so D. but11. A. regretted B. expectedC. imaginedD. shouted12. A. leave B. believe C. see D. build13. A. rabbits B. people C. water D. river14. A. discovered B. repairedC. developedD. protected15. A. brave B. patient C. active D. cute1~DAB6~10.CBADC11~15.DACBA二、阅读理解。
2015辽宁省中考英语总复习考点跟踪突破(17)九年级Units5-6
考点跟踪突破17九年级Units 5-6一、单项选择。
1.—When was __D__ umbrella invented?—It was said that it was invented in ________11th century B.C.in China.A.a;an B.an;an C.an;the D.the;the2.In autumn there are a lot of __C__ on the ground.(2013,茂名)A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves3.He is an honest boy.I have no reason to __B__ what he said.(2014,安徽) A.hear B.doubt C.repeat D.believe4.Mom is making dinner.It __A__ so nice!(2014,河北)A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds5.Books are made __C__ paper while paper is mainly made ____ wood.A.of;of B.from;fromC.of;from D.from;of6.It __D__ last week that haze (雾霾) in Beijing caused many problems.(2013,广东) A.reports B.reportedC.is reported D.was reported7.Tom was made __C__ his own clothes by his sister.(2014,衡阳)A.wash B.washed C.to wash8.Look at our new school.It __B__ last year.(2014,天津)A.built B.was builtC.is built D.will be built9.—Look,__D__ is dancing under the tree.—Oh,that's my cousin,Anna.(2014,温州)A.everybody B.anybodyC.nobody D.somebody10.—Claudia,are you going to Jeff's birthday party on Saturday?—Unless I __B__.(2014,黄冈)A.will be invited B.am invitedC.was inviting D.invited二、补全对话。
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考点跟踪突破5 二次根式及其运算一、选择题(每小题6分,共30分)1.(2014·金华)在式子1x -2,1x -3,x -2,x -3中,x 可以取2和3的是( C )A .1x -2B .1x -3C .x -2D .x -32.(2014·安徽)设n 为正整数,且n <65<n +1,则n 的值为( D ) A .5 B .6 C .7 D .83.(2014·泸州)已知实数x ,y 满足x -1+|y +3|=0,则x +y 的值为( A ) A .-2 B .2 C .4 D .-4 4.(2014·白银)下列计算错误的是( B ) A .2³3= 6 B .2+3= 5 C .12÷3=2 D .8=2 25.(2014·内江)按如图所示的程序计算,若开始输入的n 值为2,则最后输出的结果是( C )A .14B .16C .8+5 2D .14+ 2 二、填空题(每小题6分,共30分)6.(2014·衡阳)化简:2(8-2)=__2__.7.已知:一个正数的两个平方根分别是2a -2和a -4,则a 的值是__2__.8.(2012·江西)当x =-4时,6-3x 的值是. 9.(2014·福州)计算:(2+1)(2-1)=__1__.10.(2012·杭州)已知a(a -3)<0,若b =2-a ,则b 的取值范围是. 三、解答题(共40分)11.(6分)(2013·济宁)(2-3)2012²(2+3)2013-2|-32|-(-2)0.解:原式=[(2-3)(2+3)]2012²(2+3)-3-1=2+3-3-1=112.(12分)(1)(2014·成都)先化简,再求值:(a a -b -1)÷ba 2-b 2,其中a =3+1,b =3-1;解:原式=b a -b³(a +b )(a -b )b =a +b ,当a =3+1,b =3-1时,原式=2 3(2)先化简,再求值:1-2a +a 2a -1-a 2-2a +1a 2-a-1a ,其中a =2- 3.解:∵a =2-3,∴a -1=2-3-1=1-3<0,∴原式化简得(1-a )2a -1-(a -1)2a (a -1)-1a =a -1-1-a a (a -1)-1a =a -1+1a -1a =a -1=1- 313.(7分)已知x ,y 为实数,且满足1+x -(y -1)1-y =0,求x 2013-y 2013的值. 解:∵1+x -(y -1)1-y =0,∴1+x +(1-y)1-y =0,∴x +1=0,y -1=0,解得x =-1,y =1,∴x 2013-y 2013=(-1)2013-12013=-1-1=-214.(7分)已知m =20112012-1,求m 5-2m 4-2011m 3的值.解:∵m =20112012-1=2012+1,∴m -1=2012,(m -1)2=2012,∴原式=m 3(m 2-2m -2011)=m 3(m 2-2m +1-2012)=m 3[(m -1)2-2012]=015.(8分)已知a ,b 为有理数,m ,n 分别表示5-7的整数部分和小数部分,且amn +bn 2=1,求2a +b 的值.解:∵4<7<9,即2<7<3,∴2<5-7<3,∴m =2,n =(5-7)-2=3-7,将m ,n 代入amn +bn 2=1,得a ³2³(3-7)+b ³(3-7)2=1,(6-27)a +(16-67)b-1=0,(6a +16b -1)+(-2a -6b)7=0,∵a ,b 为有理数,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧6a +16b -1=0,-2a -6b =0,解得⎩⎨⎧a =32,b =-12.∴2a +b =2³32+(-12)=3-12=52第一章 数与式自我测试一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)1.(2014·宜宾)下列运算的结果中,是正数的是( C ) A .(-2014)-1 B .-(2014)-1C .(-1)³(-2014)D .(-2014)÷20142.(2014·泰安)PM2.5是指大气中直径≤0.0000025米的颗粒物,将0.0000025用科学记数法表示为( B )A .2.5³10-7 B .2.5³10-6C .25³10-7 D .0.25³10-53.(2014·丽水)在数23,1,-3,0中,最大的数是( B )A.23B .1C .-3D .0 4.(2013·淄博)如果分式x 2-12x +2的值为0,则x 的值是( A )A .1B .0C .-1D .±1 5.(2013·东营)16的算术平方根是( D ) A .±4 B .4 C .±2 D .2 6.(2014·安徽)(-2)³3的结果是( C ) A .-5 B .1 C .-6 D .6 7.(2014·长沙)下列计算正确的是( D ) A .2+5=7 B .(ab 2)2=ab 4 C .2a +3a =6a D .a ²a 3=a 48.(2014·潍坊)若代数式x +1(x -3)2有意义,则实数x 的取值范围是( B )A .x ≥-1B .x ≥-1且x ≠3C .x >-1D .x >-1且x ≠39.(2014·菏泽)下列计算中,正确的是( B ) A .a 3²a 2=a 6 B .(π-3.14)0=1C .(13)-1=-3 D .9=±310.(2014·南昌)如图①,将一个边长为a 的正方形纸片剪去两个小矩形,得到一个“”的图案,如图②所示,再将剪下的两个小矩形拼成一个新的矩形,如图③所示,则新矩形的周长可表示为( B )A .2a -3bB .4a -8bC .2a -4bD .4a -10b二、填空题(每小题4分,共24分)11.(2012·广安)实数m ,n 在数轴上的位置如图所示,则|n -m|=__m -n__.12.(2014·株洲)分解因式:x 2+3x(x -3)-9=__(4x +3)(x -3)__.13.(2014·白银)化简:x 2x -2+42-x=__x +2__.14.(2012·攀枝花)若分式方程2+1-kx x -2=12-x有增根,则k =__1__.15.(2014·梅州)已知a +b =4,a -b =3,则a 2-b 2=__12__.16.(2014·咸宁)观察分析下列数据:0,-3,6,-3,23,-15,32,…,根据数据排列的规律得到第16个数据应是.(结果需化简) 三、解答题(共46分)17.(6分)(2013·东营)计算:(23)-1+(π-3.14)0-2sin 60°-12+|1-33|.解:原式=32+1-2³32-23-(1-33)=32+1-3-23-1+33=3218.(6分)(2014·福州)先化简,再求值:(x +2)2+x(2-x),其中x =13.解:原式=6x +4,把x =13代入得原式=619.(6分)(2013·北京)已知x 2-4x -1=0,求代数式(2x -3)2-(x +y)(x -y)-y 2的值.解:代数式化简得4x 2-12x +9-x 2+y 2-y 2=3x 2-12x +9=3(x 2-4x +3),∵x 2-4x =1,代入得原式=1220.(6分)(2013·衢州)如图,将长和宽分别是a ,b 的矩形纸片的四个角都剪去一个边长为x 的正方形.(1)用含a ,b ,x 的代数式表示纸片剩余部分的面积;(2)当a =6,b =4,且剪去部分的面积等于剩余部分的面积时,求正方形的边长.解:(1)ab -4x 2(2)依题意得:ab -4x 2=4x 2,将a =6,b =4,代入上式得x 2=3,解得x =3(x =-3舍去),∴正方形边长为 321.(6分)(2014·铁一中模拟)先化简,再求值:(1-1x +2)÷x 2+2x +12x 2-8,其中x 满足(x +2)(x -1)=0.解:原式=(x +2x +2-1x +2)÷x 2+2x +12x 2-8=(x +2x +2-1x +2)³2x 2-8x 2+2x +1=2(x -2)x +1,解方程(x+2)(x -1)=0得,x +2=0或x -1=0,所以x 1=-2,x 2=1,其中x =-2使分式1x +2分母为0,无意义,∴x =-2(舍去),把x =1代入2(x -2)x +1得,原式=-122.(8分)(2012·北京)符号“f”表示一种运算,它对一些数的运算如下:f(1)=1+21,f(2)=1+22,f(3)=1+23,f(4)=1+24,……(1)利用以上运算的规律写出f(n)=__1+2n__;(n 为正整数)(2)计算:f(1)·f(2)·f(3)·…·f(100)的值.解:(2)f(1)·f(2)·f(3)·…·f(100)=(1+21)(1+22)(1+23)…(1+2100)=31³42³53³…³102100=101³1022=515123.(8分)(2014·上海)解方程:x +1x -1-2x 2-1=1x +1.解:去分母得:(x +1)2-2=x -1,整理得:x 2+x =0,即x(x +1)=0,解得:x =0或x =-1,经检验x =-1是增根,分式方程的解为x =0。