非谓语动词精讲PPT课件
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To do two things at a time is to do neither.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁 做的,可以在不定式前加一个由for 引起 的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.
.
1
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中,已经存在一个 主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情 况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
Some who were famous in their own times
would find it difficult to achieve success today.
有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语: afford, promise, refuse, expect, hope, learn, offer, wish, want, fail, plan, agree, forget, like, prefer, decide, manage, arrange, desire, try, determine、
Cf.
He is to marry Rose. 表按计划要做的事情.
4.不定式作定语
不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词、代 词之后,与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关
It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构
在"It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式" 结构中,形容词往往表示人物的性格和特 征,如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid,
非谓语动词的句法功能
语法特征:在句子中充当谓语以外的 各种句子成分的动词叫非谓语动词,包括 不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去 分词),他们没有人称和数的变化,但保 留动词的某些特征:有时态和语态的变化, 有否定式,可以带宾语、状语和补语;又 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子 中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语 等成分。
For you to give up smoking is good.)
2.不定式作宾语
一般情况下不定式都要to ,help可要可不 要;不定式有它自己的补语,要用it 作形式宾 语。 You needn't bother to come yourself.
They are considering what to do next.
非谓语动词
不定式 infinitive
动名词 gerund
分词 participle
.
7
一、不定式
不定式的构成是指不定式符号to 加上动词 原形,表示具体的意义,指一次性行为、动作。 不定式短语是指不定式和它的宾语或状语构成 的词组。
可充当成分: 主语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.
careless, rude, impolite, bold,
thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is + 形容词 + for sb + 不定式”结构中,形容词通常表示 事物的性质,如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。
比 较 It is good of you to help me
with my English. 你真好,帮助我学英语。
(强调you的特征=You are good to help
me.)
It is good for you to give up smoking. 戒烟对你有好处。
(强调的是give up smoking这一行为=
非谓语动词的形式变化
1、不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足 语、状语。 2、动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、 定语、宾语。 3、分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、 定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分
4、语态:必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动 词的关系,从而来确定非谓语动词的语态。
A.to be heard B.to be hearing
C.to hear D.to have heard
3.不定式作表语
What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad.
The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质
不定式各种形式的时间含义:一般式表示 动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态 的同时或之后;完成式在谓语之前;进行式强 调在谓语动词的同时;被动式是指主语是被动 关系,表示被动的动作。
1.不定式作主语
To lose your heart means failure.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
①. I don't want ___ like I' m speaking ill of
anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
Байду номын сангаас
A.to sound
B. to be sounded
B.C. sounding
D. to have sounded
C.②. I think you’ll grow ____ him when you
know him better.
D.A.liking
B.to be like
E.C.to like
D.to be liking
③. I don’t know whether you happen , but
I’ m going to study in the U.S.A. this September .
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁 做的,可以在不定式前加一个由for 引起 的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.
.
1
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中,已经存在一个 主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情 况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
Some who were famous in their own times
would find it difficult to achieve success today.
有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语: afford, promise, refuse, expect, hope, learn, offer, wish, want, fail, plan, agree, forget, like, prefer, decide, manage, arrange, desire, try, determine、
Cf.
He is to marry Rose. 表按计划要做的事情.
4.不定式作定语
不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词、代 词之后,与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关
It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构
在"It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式" 结构中,形容词往往表示人物的性格和特 征,如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid,
非谓语动词的句法功能
语法特征:在句子中充当谓语以外的 各种句子成分的动词叫非谓语动词,包括 不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去 分词),他们没有人称和数的变化,但保 留动词的某些特征:有时态和语态的变化, 有否定式,可以带宾语、状语和补语;又 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子 中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语 等成分。
For you to give up smoking is good.)
2.不定式作宾语
一般情况下不定式都要to ,help可要可不 要;不定式有它自己的补语,要用it 作形式宾 语。 You needn't bother to come yourself.
They are considering what to do next.
非谓语动词
不定式 infinitive
动名词 gerund
分词 participle
.
7
一、不定式
不定式的构成是指不定式符号to 加上动词 原形,表示具体的意义,指一次性行为、动作。 不定式短语是指不定式和它的宾语或状语构成 的词组。
可充当成分: 主语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.
careless, rude, impolite, bold,
thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is + 形容词 + for sb + 不定式”结构中,形容词通常表示 事物的性质,如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。
比 较 It is good of you to help me
with my English. 你真好,帮助我学英语。
(强调you的特征=You are good to help
me.)
It is good for you to give up smoking. 戒烟对你有好处。
(强调的是give up smoking这一行为=
非谓语动词的形式变化
1、不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足 语、状语。 2、动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、 定语、宾语。 3、分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、 定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分
4、语态:必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动 词的关系,从而来确定非谓语动词的语态。
A.to be heard B.to be hearing
C.to hear D.to have heard
3.不定式作表语
What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad.
The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质
不定式各种形式的时间含义:一般式表示 动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态 的同时或之后;完成式在谓语之前;进行式强 调在谓语动词的同时;被动式是指主语是被动 关系,表示被动的动作。
1.不定式作主语
To lose your heart means failure.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
①. I don't want ___ like I' m speaking ill of
anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
Байду номын сангаас
A.to sound
B. to be sounded
B.C. sounding
D. to have sounded
C.②. I think you’ll grow ____ him when you
know him better.
D.A.liking
B.to be like
E.C.to like
D.to be liking
③. I don’t know whether you happen , but
I’ m going to study in the U.S.A. this September .