东北师范大学真题
20春东北师范大学《当代外国学前教育》离线考核试题及答案
20春东北师范大学《当代外国学前教育》离线考核试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个国家的学前教育体系被誉为“全球学前教育典范”？A. 美国B. 英国C. 德国D. 日本答案：B2. 在英国的学前教育体系中，以下哪个阶段属于基础阶段？A. 3-5岁B. 5-7岁C. 7-11岁D. 11-14岁答案：A3. 以下哪个国家的学前教育注重幼儿的自主性和创造性？A. 瑞典B. 俄罗斯C. 法国D. 韩国答案：A4. 以下哪个国家的学前教育课程以“五大领域”为核心？A. 美国B. 德国C. 日本D. 英国答案：D5. 以下哪个国家的学前教育强调“以儿童为中心”？A. 中国B. 英国C. 德国D. 法国答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 美国的学前教育体系主要包括______、______和______三个阶段。
答案：婴儿阶段、幼儿阶段、学龄前阶段2. 英国的学前教育体系分为______、______和______三个阶段。
答案：基础阶段、第一关键阶段、第二关键阶段3. 德国学前教育的特点是______、______和______。
答案：注重实践、注重环境、注重自主性4. 日本学前教育的核心课程包括______、______、______和______。
答案：语言、健康、社会、自然5. 瑞典学前教育的目标是______、______和______。
答案：促进幼儿全面发展、培养幼儿自主性、提高幼儿创造性三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 请简要介绍美国的学前教育体系。
答案：美国的学前教育体系主要包括婴儿阶段、幼儿阶段和学龄前阶段。
婴儿阶段主要针对0-2岁的儿童，注重培养幼儿的基本生活技能和情感发展；幼儿阶段主要针对3-5岁的儿童，注重培养幼儿的语言、认知、情感和社会技能；学龄前阶段主要针对5-6岁的儿童，注重为幼儿进入小学做好准备工作。
2. 请简要介绍英国的学前教育课程设置。
东北师范大学学校心理健康教育考试卷
东北师范大学学校心理健康教育考试卷《学校心理健康教育》试题一、简答题（每题15分，共60分）1. 简述心理健康教育的内涵？答：心理健康教育，是一种以发展学生心理素质，培养适应现代社会需要的健康的人格为目的的教育。
人的发展，不仅是身体的成长、知识经验的增多和技能的形成，而且是各种智能、需要、动机、态度、价值观、气质和性格等心理特征的全面发展。
通过营养和体育锻炼，可以促进身体的成长；通过学校的语文、数学等各门课程的教学，可以增长知识和技能；而通过有目的的心理健康教育，则可以促进学生优良心理品质的形成发展。
心理健康教育就是采用观察和评定方法了解学生的心理特点、长处和局限性，采用各种教育和心理学手段与措施改正心理的缺陷，发扬心理的长处或优势，并发展现代社会所需要的心理特征，从而使人格平衡地发展，形成健全的人格。
心理健康教育是素质教育的重要组成部分。
其中，心理素质是指以先天禀赋为基础，在环境和教育的影响下形成并发展起来的个体稳定的心理品质，它既包括智力因素又包括非智力因素，是先天的遗传素质和后天环境影响的结合物。
而心理健康教育则是有目的、有计划地对受教育者的心理施加影响，使他们提高心理健康水平、全面发展个性的过程。
它是指学生潜能的开发和各种优秀心理品质的培养和发展，同时预防各种异常心理和心理问题的产生。
心理健康是一个人整体素质提高的基础，而以提高心理素质为直接目的的心理健康教育则无疑是促进受教育者迅速而全面发展的奠基工程。
从一定角度而言，心理健康教育应该是一切教育的前提和基础，因为人类自身的行为活动不外乎生理活动和心理活动两个方面，生理活动的外显形式是身体活动，它可以通过体育来求得发展。
心理活动是内隐的，它可以直接表现为人的认识、情感、意志、个性等心理现象，也可以通过道德行为、智慧行为、审美行为及劳动行为等外显形式表现出来。
因此，德育、智育、美育、劳动技术教育等都是心理健康教育的组成部分，是心理健康教育的具体内容和途径。
东北师范大学汉语国际教育汉语基础考研真题
【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。
目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师.东北师范大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试业务课试卷专业名称：汉语国际教育硕士考试科目：汉语基础考试时间：说明：所有试题答案均须写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上一律无效。
壹汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1.现代汉语有_________和书面语两种不同的形式。
2.语言是人类社会的交际工具，而且也是_________的工具。
3.语音是语言的物质外壳，是一种__________现象。
4.言语具有个人的特点，而______却属于全社会。
5.现代汉语有两种含义，广义的现代汉语包括普通话和各种_______。
6.按照汉语传统分析方法，一个音节可分为____，韵母和声调三部分。
7.音素是构成______的最小单位，它是从音色的角度划分出来的。
8.语言中的元音大多数是__________元音。
9.语言符号是由_____形式和意义内容构成，是音与义相结合的统一体。
10.由______的不同而导致的语言变体就是语体。
11.词汇是词的集合体，词汇和词的关系是________和个体的关系。
12.单纯词是从_______角度划分出来的，单音词是从音节角度划分出来的。
13.色彩义大致可以分为_________，语体色彩和形象色彩等三类。
14.古语词是来源于古代文言著作的文言词和___________。
15.地域方言是__________在不同地域上的分支，变体。
16.词的形式不变，而意义发生了变化叫________的演变。
17.汉字是记录汉语书写符号的系统，它是___________的结合体。
18.汉字的特点是以字音，________为造字的基础。
东北师范大学语言学考试题库
I. Brief Introduction of Linguistics1. Why is linguistics a vast field of study?Linguistics is a broad field of study, because language is a complicated entity with many layers and facets. It is hardly possible for a linguist to deal with all aspects of language at once. There are a number of divisions of linguistics, which can be put into two categories.1) Intra-disciplinary divisions: the study of language in general is often termed general linguistics. It is based on the view that language as a system is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning.2) Inter-disciplinary divisions:a) Sociology deals with language and culture.b) Psycholinguistics deals with the relation between language and mindc) Applied linguistics is concerned with the application of linguistic theories and descriptions in other fields.All above three belong to sociolinguistics.2. How is linguistics different from traditional grammar?1) Traditional grammar is prescriptive, while modern linguistics is descriptive.2) Traditional grammatical categories are merely based on European language, while modern linguisticsstudies all languages.3) Traditional grammar lacks a theoretical framework, while modern linguistics is theoretically rather thanpedagogically oriented.3. What are the two main schools of contemporary western linguistics? What are the fundamental differences between them?TG grammar v.s systematic-functional grammarTG based on UG, studies the general principles while systematic-functional grammar studies language functions.4. On what basis do linguists regard human language as species-specific (unique to humans)? Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Many philosophers and linguists believe that language is unique to man. Language is a human trait that sets us apart from other living creatures. They spell out a number of features of language which are not found in animal communication systems. These features: creativity, duality, arbitrariness, displacement, cultural transmission, interchangeability and reflexivity. These are universal features possessed by all human languages. Although some animal communication systems possess, to a very limited degree, one or another of these features except creativity and duality, none is found to have all the features. On this basis linguists tend to conclude that human languages are qualitatively different form animal communication systems.5. What is the difference between linguistic competence and communicative competence?The term linguistic competence is applied to account for a speaker’s knowledge of his language. While communicative competence is proposed to account for both the tacit knowledge of language and the ability to use it. There are four parameters that underlie a speaker’s communicative competence, namely the ability to judge: Whether (and to what degree) something is feasible/appropriate/formally possible/in fact done.II. Phonetics 语音学1. How are speech sounds described?The study of speech sounds is phonetics which includes 3 parts: 1) articulatory phonetics 2) acoustic phonetics 3) auditory phonetics.Articulatory phonetics is the primary concern in linguistics, in which speech sound is described within 3 sides: The description of consonants: a) place of articulation b) manners of articulation c) voicing d) aspirationThe description of vowels: a) monophthongs b) diphthongs c) lip rounding d) tensityIn more detailed transcription (sometimes referred to as narrow transcription), a sound may be transcribed with a symbol to which a smaller symbol is added in order to mark the finer distinctions. The smaller one is called diacritic.2. What are the two classes of phonetic features? What is the fundamental difference?The two classes of phonetic features are distinctive features and non-distinctive features. Features thatdistinguish meaning are called distinctive features, in other words, those distinguishing phonemes. Non-distinctive features do not distinguish meanings, i.e. the features belong to allophones. However, whether a phonetic feature is distinctive or non-distinctive varies from one language to another language.III. Phonology 音位学1.Analyze the two English sound segments [t] and [t h], [k] and [k h], [p] and[p h] in terms of distribution and the phonetic feature that distinguishes them.[t] and [t h], [k] and [k h], [p] and [p h] are the allophones of the same phoneme /t/, /k/, /p/. They are in complementary distribution and share phonetic features.[t] is an unaspirated voiceless alveolar stop; [t h] is an aspirated voiceless alveolar stop[k] is an unaspirated voiceless velar stop; [k h] is an aspirated voiceless velar stop[p] is an unaspirated voiceless bilabial stop;[p h] is an aspirated voiceless bilabial stop/t/→ [t] / [voiceless, fricative, alveolar]_______[t h]/ elsewhere[k] and [k h], [p] and [p h] is the same as above.2.Analyze the change of feature concerning the vowels in "bean, time, farm" and generalize the rule. This rule is called nasalization, that is a vowel becomes nasalized before a nasal segment, possible followed by one or two consonants within a syllable.V →[+nasal] / ____ [+nasal]3.Analyze the relation of {im-}, {in-}, {ir-}, {il-} in English and generalize of their distribution.{im-}, {in-}, {ir-}, {il-} are the allomorphs of the same morpheme {in-},which represents the negative meaning as a prefix.{in-}→ {im-} / ________ [m,p, b] [bilabial stop, or nasal]{ir-} / _________ [r] [retroflex, alveolar]{il-} / _________ [l] [lateral, alveolar]{in-} / elsewhere4. How do you account for the relation between phonetics and phonology?1) Phonology and phonetics are both concerned with the study of speech sounds, but the two differ in perspectives.2) Phonetics, particularly articulatory phonetics, focuses on how speech sounds are produced, what phonetic features they have, and how to transcribe them. In phonetics, sound segments are assumed to be invariable; variations are overlooked.3) Phonology focuses on three fundamental questions. What sounds make up the list of sounds that can distinguish meaning in a particular language? What sounds vary in what ways in what context? What sounds can appear together in a sequence in a particular language?5. What are the functions of supra-segmental features?Supra-segmental features are distinctive features that can be found in units of syllables, words, phrases and sentences. They are stress, intonation and tone. Intonation and stress generally occur simultaneously in utterance. The simultaneous functioning of the features serves to highlight the information focus, or to eliminate ambiguity of the phrases and sentences. "a greenhouse" and "a green house", "Jack hit the ball under the desk".Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish words. English is not a tone language, but Chinese is a typical tone language in which each of the four tones means four different words.6. Analyze the change of feature concerning the liquids and nasals in flight, snow, smart, pray and generalize the rule.Liquids /l/ /r/ appear after a voiceless consonant /f/ and /p/ respectively, they are devoiced.Nasals /n//m/ appear after a voiceless consonant /s/, they are devoiced.Rule: Devoice a voiced consonant after a voiceless consonant.Or:When the English liquids, glides and the two anterior nasals appear after a voiceless consonant, it is devoiced. This rule can be expressed as follows: devoice a voiced consonant after a voiceless consonant，that is, [+voiced+consonantal] [-voiced] / [-voiced+consonantal]-. The phonology /l/ /r/ belongs to liquids, and /m//n/ belong to anterior nasals. All these four are voiced consonant, but in these words, they change to the voiceless, for they appear after voiceless consonants.7. What is distinctive feature?Features that distinguish meaning are called distinctive features, in other words, just those distinguishing phonemes, such as [b] and [p] in the words between "big" and "pig".8. Analyze the relation of -er, -est and more, most in Englsih and generalize their distribution.They are in complementary distribution. -er and more, -est and most are allomorphs. More and most are put before adjectives and adverbs composed of two or more syllables.IV. Morphology 形态学1. What are the categories of lexical meaning?Lexical meaning includes:a) Referential meaning (also denotative meaning) is the central meaning and it is more stable and universal.b) Associative meanings. Associative meanings are meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meaning, which are less stable and more culture-specific.Types of associative meanings: connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning,collective meaning2. How are words decomposed into their constituents?1) Words are composed of one or more than one morphemes.2) Morphemes are the smallest meaningful unit of language.3) A morpheme may be represented by different forms, called allomorphs.4) Morphemes can be categorized into 2 kinds. a) Free morphemes (they constitute words by themselves)b) bound morphemes (they are never used independently)5) Bound morphemes include inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes.6) The distinction between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is whether it can be used independently in speech or writing.V. Syntax 句法1.What are the aspects of syntactic knowledge?Knowing which strings of words are grammatical and which are not is part of syntactic knowledge. In addition, native speakers know at least the following:1) structural ambiguity---which strings of words have more than one meaning.2) word order---different arrangements of the same words have different meanings.3) grammatical relations---what element relates to what other element directly or indirectly4) recursion---the repeated use of the same rules to create infinite sentences5) sentence relatedness---sentences may be structurally variant but semantically related6) syntactic categories---a class of words or phrases that can substitute for one another without loss of grammaticality.2. How does transformational grammar (转换生成语法)account for sentence- relatedness?1) Sentence- relatedness: sentences may be structurally variant but semantically related.2) According to Chomsky, a grammar as the tacit shared knowledge of all speakers is a system of finite rules by which an infinite number of sentences can be generated. He attempts to account for this aspect of syntax by postulating that deep structures and surface structures.3) Deep structures are the basic structures generated by phrase structure rules.4) Surface structures are derived structures, the structures of sentences that we actually speak. Surface structures are derived from deep structures through transformational rules which include replacement, insertion, deletion and coping, etc.5) There are five transformations: particle movement transformation, replacement, insertion, deletion and copying.3. What is the advantage of immediate constituent analysis compared with traditional grammar?1) The concept of immediate constituent is an important concept of structural grammar, which is characterized by a top-down analysis. A sentence is seen as a constituent structure, i.e. all the components of the sentence are constituent. A sentence can be cut into sections. Each section is its immediate constituent. Then each section can be further cut into constituents. This on-going cutting is termed immediate constituent analysis.2) Traditional grammar mainly analyzes a sentence horizontally with a synthetic (bottom-up) approach. It focuses on the product of a sentence rather than the procedure. It is prescriptive in nature.3) Therefore, immediate constituent analysis adds a new dimension to the analysis of sentence structure. In this way, sentence structure is analyzed not only horizontally but also vertically. In other words, this way of syntactic analysis can account for the linearity and the hierarchy of sentence structure, and, therefore, structural ambiguity.4.What part of syntax can phrase structure rules account for and what they cannot?1) Phrase structure rules are rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.2) Deep structures are the basic structures generated by phrase structure rules, but the surface structures are derived from the deep structures, and is generated by transformational rules.3) All in all, phrase structure rules can account for structural ambiguity, word order, grammatical relations, recursion, and syntactic categories; but they cannot account for sentence relatedness.5. Analyze the sentence in terms of type of process, mood structure, and theme and rheme:The academician will address the issue of the legitimacy of cloning at the conference.1) It is the verbal process. In this sentence, the sayer is the academician, the receivers are the people at the conference though it is not mentioned but we can infer it from the sentence. The verbiage is the issue of the legitimacy of cloning.2) This sentence is the realization of linguistic interaction; it is the giving of information. Its syntactic form is statement. The subject is the academician; the finite is the verbal operator “will”.3) The constituent that stands for the starting-point for the message is termed theme; all the rest of the sentence is labeled rheme. In this sentence, the theme is the academician and “the issue of the legitimacy of cloning at the conference” is the rheme.VI. Semantics语义学1. What are the components of metaphor?Target domain and source domain are the components of metaphors. That is to say all metaphors are composed of two components. This allows us to understand one domain of experience in terms of another. The domain to be conceptualized is called target domain, while the conceptualizing domain is termed the source domain. The transference of properties of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguistics as mapping. The source domain is concrete and familiar. The target domain is abstract and novel.2. Why is metaphor essential in cognition?Our linguistic knowledge is part of general cognition and linguistic categorization is a product of the human mind. According to this view, meaning is based on conventionalized conceptual structures. Semantic structure reflcects the mental categories which are formed on the basis of experiences. Metaphor is an essential element in our categorization of the world and our thinking process. Cognitive linguistics has shown that metaphor is not an unusual or deviant way of using language. The use of metaphor is not confined to literature, rhetoric and art. It is actually ubiquitous in everyday communication. Metaphors as linguistic expressions are possible precisely because there are metaphors in a person's conceptual systems.3. How is word meaning analyzed? And what are the limitations of the method of analysis?1) In modern linguistics, semanticists manifest that the sense of a word can be analyzed in terms of a set of more general sense components (or semantic properties/features). The approach that analyzes word meaning by decomposing it into its atomic features is called componential analysis (CA).2) The limitations of componential analysis are apparent. It cannot be applied to the analysis of all lexicons, merely to words within the same semantic field. It is controversial whether semantic features are universal prime of word meanings in all languages.3) Advantages: a. It is a breakthrough in the formal representation of meaning. Once formally represented,meaning components can be seen. b. It reveals the impreciseness of the terminology in the traditional approach to meaning analysis. CA examines the components of sense. The more semantic features a word has, the narrower its reference is.4. Analyze the semantic properties of the given cooking terms, using the features [+/- WATER], [+/-FAT], [+/- PAN], [+/- POT], [+/- OVEN], [+/- SIEVE], etc.boil: [+WATER] [-FAT] [- PAN] [+ POT] [- OVEN] [- SIEVE]fry: [- WATER] [+FAT] [+ PAN] [- POT], [- OVEN] [+SIEVE]steam: [+WATER] [-FAT] [- PAN] [+POT] [-OVEN] [- SIEVE]stew: [+WATER] [+FAT] [- PAN] [+ POT] [- OVEN] [- SIEVE]bake: [- WATER] [+FAT] [- PAN] [- POT] [+ OVEN] [- SIEVE]5. Analyze the semantic differences of father and daddy in the given sentences, using Leech's classification of lexical meanings.It is easy for every man to be a father, but not to be a daddy.They differ in affective meaning. Affective meaning is what is communicated of the feeling or attitude of the speaker or writer toward what is referred to. "Father" is commending in sense while "daddy" is rich in passion.6. Analyze the difference between summon and call in terms of register.Register refers to varieties according to use. Summon is a formal word, used in court of law to order sb to appear, while call is widely used in daily life.7. Point out the semantic problem of the sentence “The orphan is staying with his parents.”There are some sentences which sound grammatical but meaningless. The sentence "the orphan is staying with his parents” is just one example. This sentence is always false which is called contradiction. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead, or a child who has been deprived of parental care. The theme (the orphan) and the rheme (is staying with his parents) are incompatible.VII. Pragmatics 语用学1.Write 3 sentences, each of which contains it in either euphoric reference or endothermic reference(anaphoric or cataphoric)1) It is rather foggy these days."It" here refers to the weather. It is an euphoric reference, referring to the word outside linguistic forms.2) It is so far hard to tell how many lives are claimed in the catastrophe."It" refers to the following expression "how many lives are claimed in the catastrophe", which is a linguistic form. Thus, it is an endothermic reference, specifically, cataphoric reference.3) The most powerful earthquakes triggered massive tidal waves that slammed into coastlines across Asia yesterday. It killed over 30,000 people in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladeshand Maldives."It" refers to the preceding expression that "massive tidal waves slammed into coastlines across Asia yesterday". Therefore, it is an endothermic reference, specifically, anaphoric reference..2. Point out the maxim flouted and the implicature of B `s utterance:A: Did you notice something odd between the host and hostess?B: Have another glass of beer?The maxim of relation is violated. The implicature of B’s utterance: the hearer doesn’t want to gossip about those people.3. Point out the degree of formality of:It is gratifying that cooperative program has been proceeding smoothly. Degree of formal4. Analyze the ambiguity of the two sentences, telling the difference:1) Flying planes can be dangerous.2) She cannot bear children.1) a. The behavior of flying planes can be dangerous.b. Planes which are flying can be dangerous.2) a. She cannot tolerate children.b. She cannot give birth to a baby..c. she can not carry a child.★How do you account for the relation between semantics and pragmatics.They are two separate fields. Both study meaning, but semantics studies the conventional meaning of a word while pragmatics studies the international meaning, the meaning in use. Semantics is bilateral while pragmatics is trilateral. Semantics studies the relationship between sign and meaning, but pragmatics studies the sign, meaning and user.VIII. Sociolinguistics 社会语言学1. How do sociolinguists classify the varieties of English?1) The term variety is the label given to the form of a language used by any group of speakers or used in a particular field. A variety is characterized by the basic lexicon, phonology, syntax shared by members of the group. Varieties of a language are of four types: the standard variety, regional dialects, sociolects and registers.2) The standard variety is the form of a language used by the government and communication media, taught in schools and universities and is the main or only written form.3) A regional dialect is a variety of a language spoken by people living in an area. For example, the English language has many regional dialects. British English, American English, Australian English. Indian English, South African English, etc. are all regional varieties of the language. One dialect is distinctive from another phonologically, lexically and grammatically.2. Analyze the cause of the error that some Chinese speakers of English use although and but within one sentence.In the process of analyzing learners' language, error analysis is a milestone. Explaining errors is the final but very important step in error analysis. In terms of sources, errors are divided into interlingual errors and intralingual errors. Interlingual errors are caused by mother tongue interference which means the negative role one's knowledge of L1 to L2 learning. In Chinese, we can use “不但”，“而且”in the same sentence, so some Chinese speakers transfer this expression directly to English. But according t o English grammar, “although” and “but” can not appear in the same sentence. This phenomenon is a kind of negative transfer of learners' syntactic knowledge. This is a typical phenomenon of interference in learning.。
东北师范大学成人学位英语考试真题
东北师范大学成人学位英语考试真题Northeast Normal University Adult Degree English Examination QuestionsSection I. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and write its corresponding letter in the brackets on your answer sheet.1. The hotel must be having a lot of financially difficulties, or else they wouldn't have______so many staff.A. laid offB. lie offC. lain offD. laying off2. Jenny's eyes are a beautiful blue, but she often suffers______ the glare of the sun.A. withB. ofC. fromD. off3. I think it's time we ______the success of our students in the examination; they have worked really hard.A. celebrateB. celebratedC. to celebrateD. celebrating4. After years of hard work, Mark was eventually ______ the position of CEO in his company.A. promoted toB. promotedC. promotingD. promotion5. There is no use______ what has already been done. Let's look to the future and what we can achieve.A. to regretB. to be regrettingC. being regrettedD. and regretting6. In the past, people always believed that technology would______ the way we live, work, and communicate.A. have revolutionizedB. revolutionizeC. be revolutionizingD. be revolutionized7. The Mindset of Growth is the belief that______ can achieve success if they work hard and learn from their mistakes.A. eachB. anyoneC. everyoneD. no one8. The majority of people have expressed their support for the new plan, and very few voiced______.A. to dissentB. to dissentingC. dissentingD. dissent9. The government must take measures to protect the rights of workers and ensure that they are treated______.A. fairB. fairlyC. fairnessD. the most fairly10. When asked about the incident, the suspect remained______ and refused to answer any questions from the police.A. quite B quiet C. quite quiet D. quiet quite11. It is essential that all information in the report is______ and up to date before it is published.A. completeB. completedC. completingD. completion12. The rapid development of technology has significantly changed the way we______and connect with our friends and family.A. interactionB. interactC. to interactD. interacting13. The museum holds a vast collection of rare artifacts, many of which are______ from ancient civilizations.A. descendedB. descendingC. descentD. descendants14. The success of the project will largely depend onthe______ of the team members and their ability to work together.A. cooperationB. cooperateC. cooperativeD. cooperating15. The company's decision to______ a new factory has sparked controversy among local residents.A. buildB. buildingC. buildsD. builtSection II. Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following text. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the text and write its corresponding letter in the brackets on your answer sheet.Robots are becoming more and more prevalent in our society, __16__ many people worry that they will replace human workers in the __17__ future. While it is true that automation has led to __18__ job loss in some industries, there are also __19__ where humans are still essential. For example, in the field ofhealthcare, robots __20__ assist doctors in performing surgery, but they cannot replace the __21__ and compassion that human caregivers provide. In addition, jobs that require creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence are __22__ less likely to be taken over by robots. As machines become more __23__ advanced, it is important for workers to __24__ new skills that complement rather than compete with automation. By embracing technology, we can __25__ a future where humans and robots work together to create a better world.16. A. but B. as C. so D. and17. A. near B. nearly C. nearing D. nearby18. A. significant B. significant C. significantly D. significance19. A. areas B. areas C. are D. arena20. A. may B. can C. might D. shall21. A. comfort B. comforter C. comforting D. comforted22. A. more B. ever C. most D. much23. A. increasingly B. increased C. increaseD. increasing24. A. adopt B. adapt C. adept D. adapt25. A. envision B. envisage C. visualizeD. viewSection III. Reading Comprehension (60 points)Directions: This section consists of three passages. Answer the questions according to the information given in each passage.Passage 1Good communication is essential for success in business. A recent study found that companies with effective communication strategies are more likely to achieve their goals and experience high levels of employee satisfaction. To improve communication in the workplace, businesses can implement regular feedback sessions, encourage open dialogue, and provide training in active listening skills. By fostering a culture of communication, organizations can enhance productivity, build trust among employees, and create a positive work environment.26. According to the passage, what is important for success in business?A. InnovationB. CommunicationC. LeadershipD. Marketing27. What can businesses do to improve communication in the workplace?A. Hire more employeesB. Increase profitsC. Implement feedback sessionsD. Decrease productivity28. How can organizations create a positive work environment?A. By focusing on individual goalsB. By fostering a culture of communicationC. By reducing employee satisfactionD. By limiting feedback sessionsPassage 2Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the way we live and work. From self-driving cars to virtual assistants, AI technology is transforming various industries and shaping the future of our society. While AI has the potential to enhance efficiency and productivity, there are also concerns about its impact on jobs and privacy. As AI continues to advance, it isimportant for policymakers to consider the ethical implications and ensure that this technology benefits humanity as a whole.29. According to the passage, what is revolutionizing the way we live and work?A. Virtual realityB. Personal computersC. Artificial intelligenceD. Autonomous vehicles30. What are some concerns associated with AI technology?A. Increased efficiencyB. Enhanced productivityC. Impact on jobs and privacyD. Ethical implications31. Why is it important for policymakers to consider ethical implications of AI technology?A. To enhance efficiencyB. To shape the futureC. To benefit humanityD. To revolutionize societyPassage 3The fashion industry is known for its fast-paced nature and constant innovation. With trends changing rapidly, consumers are often pressured to keep up with the latest styles. However, the focus on fast fashion has a negative impact on both the environment and garment workers. Many fashion companies are now embracing sustainable practices and ethical sourcing toreduce their carbon footprint and ensure fair labor conditions. By supporting eco-friendly and ethical fashion brands, consumers can play a role in promoting sustainability and social responsibility in the industry.32. What is the fashion industry known for?A. Slow-paced natureB. Stable trendsC. Constant innovationD. Low consumer demand33. What impact does fast fashion have on the environment?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. NeutralD. Minimal34. How are fashion companies addressing sustainability and fair labor practices?A. By increasing productionB. By embracing fast fashionC. By implementing ethical sourcingD. By ignoring environmental concerns35. How can consumers promote sustainability in the fashion industry?A. By purchasing from eco-friendly brandsB. By keeping up with fast fashion trendsC. By pressuringcompanies to produce more D. By ignoring ethical sourcing practicesSection IV. Writing (15 points)Directions: Write an essay of about 200–300 words on the following topic. Use specific examples and details to support your argument.Topic: The impact of social media on communicationIn recent years, social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become an integral part of our daily lives. While these tools have revolutionized the way we connect with others, they have also raised concerns about the quality of communication in society. Some argue that social media promotes shallow interactions and hinders meaningful relationships, while others believe that it enhances communication and allows for global connectivity.In your opinion, what is the impact of social media on communication? Do you think it has overall positive or negative effects? Provide examples to support your views and suggest ways to improve communication in the digital age.End of the ExaminationThat concludes the Northeast Normal University Adult Degree English Examination. Please review your answers, and when you have finished, submit your answer sheet to the proctor. Thank you for your participation, and we wish you the best of luck in your future endeavors.。
东北师范大学《生物化学》历年考研试题
2011年生物化学一、增色效应生物膜酶活性部位一碳单位酮体氧化磷酸化二、写出下列结构式：α-葡萄糖 AMP 假尿苷卵磷脂谷胱甘肽三、简答题：1、比较一下蛋白质变性和蛋白质沉淀2、简述原核DNA复制机制3、脂肪酸从头合成的过程4、维生素参与代谢反应（举出3例）5、什么是生命，说出生命现象的本质。
四、计算无氧酵解生成的ATP 写出每一步反应五、简述SANGER法测序的过程六、实验：测定米氏常数的原理和方法2009生物化学一、名词解释（32分）蛋白质脂质体同工酶氧化磷酸化作用一碳单位冈崎片段聚合酶链式反应酶的别构效应二、结构式（15分）GDP蔗糖谷胱甘肽磷脂酸假尿苷三、说明下列物质或循环途径在代谢过程中的作用（30分）乙醛酸循环α-磷酸甘油穿梭反转录酶NADP转肽酶四、DNA和蛋白质同是线性的生物分子，总结DNA复制和蛋白质生物合成过程中有哪些相似的规律性（10分）五、假设细胞匀浆中存在代谢所需要的酶和辅酶等各种必需条件，若葡萄糖的C-1处用14C 标记，那么在代谢产物中能否找到14C标记的CO2、乳酸和丙氨酸（10分）六、1摩尔辛酯酰COA彻底氧化可净产生多少摩尔ATP？假若DNP存在时，又将净产生多少摩尔ATP？（要求用文字写出ATP产生和消耗的步骤）（15）七、实验（选作两题）1 写出稀碱提取酵母RNA的过程，得到RNA产品后，如何测的产品中RNA的含量（详细写出离心机和分光光度计的使用过程）20分2 简述SDS-PAGE电泳测定蛋白质相对分子质量的原理 10分3 设计一个实验证明淀粉是由葡萄糖组成的 10分（生化专业必做）八、论述DNA双螺旋结构的发现对探索生命的意义 8分2008一名词解释1 核酸的变性与复性2 蛋白质一级结构3 糖复合物4 反转录酶5 黄素辅酶6 脂质体7 联合脱氨基作用二简要回答下列问题1 什么是酶活力？酶活力单位是什么？用中间产物学说解释米氏方程曲线的变化。
2 维持蛋白质空间结构的因素有哪些？根据这些因素解释可逆变性和不可逆变性。
东北师范大学2020年金融专硕431金融学综合真题
东北师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码：431科目名称：金融学综合
所有试题答案均须写在答题纸业，写在本试题纸上一律无效
金融学部分（90分）
一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）
1基准利率
2派生存款
3表外业务
4巴塞尔协议
二、简答题（每小题15分，共30分）
5牙买加体系的主要内容
6货币制度的演变过程
三、论述题（每小题20分，共40分）
7基础货币对货币供给的影响
8一般性货币政策工具的作用机制
公司金融学部分（60分）
四、论述题（每小题20分，共60分）
9简述有效资本市场假说的主要内容，并论述市场有效性对公司理财的意义
10辨析债务融资与股权融资的区别
11什么是货币的时间价值？货币的时间价值是如何运用到对股票估值的？
第1页。
2023年东北师范大学马克思主义哲学原理考研初试试题真题
2023年东北师范大学马克思主义哲学原理初试试题
业务课名称：马克思主义哲学原理
考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
一、简答
1.简述思维与存在的关系问题是哲学的基本问题。
2.简述社公布在与社会意识的关系。
二、论述
1.“哲学家只是以不同的方式解释世界，问题在于改变世界。
”体现的哲学变革
2.从思维方式的角度理解马克思的实践观。
3.否定之否定。
4.真理和价值的统一性。
5.合力论和群众史观。
6.《1844 年经济学哲学手稿》中:“共产主义是私有财产即人的自我异化的积极的扬弃，因而是通过人并且为了人而对人的本质的真正占有;因此，它是人向自身、向社会的(即人的)人的复归，这种复归是完全的、自觉的而且保存了以往发展的全部财富的。
这种共产主义，作为完成了的自然主义，等于人道主义，而作为完成了的人道主义，等于自然主义，它是人和自然界之间、人和人之间的矛盾的真正解决，是存在和本质、对象化和自我确证、自由和必然、个体和类之间的斗争的真正解决。
”体现的共产主义的内涵。
6.“辩证法从不崇拜任何东西...”辩证法的革命的批判的本质。
7.“人们自己创造自己的历史”体现了什么历史观。
东北师范大学“物理学”《物理课程与教学论》23秋期末试题库含答案
东北师范大学“物理学”《物理课程与教学论》23秋期末试题库含答案第1卷一.综合考核(共20题)1.英国《国家科学教育课程标准》颁布在哪一年?()A.1889B.1949C.1979D.19892.不属于所谓物理教学的“四化”是()。
A.生活化B.体验化C.情感化D.国际化3.《美国国家科学教育标准》颁行在哪一年?()A.1990B.1996C.1999D.20004.凯洛夫的五段教学法是特点是：()。
A.教师中心B.学生中心C.教师主导，学生主体D.教师、学生双主体5.学分制(名词解释)6.实验物理教学研究法的特点有()。
A.揭示因果性B.具有主动性D.可控制性7.举例说明如何培养学生的科学探究能力。
8.以评价实施的阶段为依据可将教学评价分为哪几类?结合教学实践举例说明。
9.教师是履行教育教学职责的非专业人员。
()A.错误B.正确10.“善为师者，既美其德，又慎其行。
”是教师职业标准的集中概括。
()A.错误B.正确11.物理观念(名词解释)12.不能以综合性实践问题开展“物理课题研究”。
()A.错误B.正确13.不属于演示实验的作用的有()。
A.激发学习兴趣B.发挥学习能动性C.培养思维能力D.促进学生记忆力发展14.教学过程的认识具有特殊性，是因为()。
A.认识的对象特殊B.认识的条件特殊C.认识的任务特殊D.认识的主体特殊15.合理的教师能力结构应包括()。
A.熟悉教材的能力B.驾驭教材的能力C.实验能力D.科研能力16.物理教学中选择教学媒体应该遵循的原则包括()。
A.需要性C.有效性D.经济性17.“课题研究”要结合学生的实际情况。
()A.错误B.正确18.英国近年的物理教育改革的特点有()。
A.注重个体差异B.强调个性化教学C.课程综合化D.评价单一化19.不应该将物理教材的教育价值绝对化。
()A.错误B.正确20.学生科技创作活动无需教师指导。
()A.错误B.正确第1卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：D2.参考答案：D3.参考答案：B4.参考答案：A5.参考答案：学分制是一种以选课为前提，以学分作为计算学生受教育程度的基本计量单位，以取得最低的必要学分制作为毕业标准的一种教学管理制度。
东北师范大学“英语”《高级英语写作》23秋期末试题库含答案
东北师范大学“英语”《高级英语写作》23秋期末试题库含答案第1卷一.综合考核(共20题)1.It has been rather costly to install the machinery, but it should () in the long run.A.pay offB.pay forC.pay backD.have paid off2.The old man jumped off from the bridge and ___ the icy water save the drowning child.A、plunged intoB、plunged toC、plunged outD、plunged for3.The cost of the material is ____ in the bill for the work.A.dismissedB.excludedC.rejectedD.discovered4.5.The engineer didn't do it, ____?A.isn't heB.doesn't heC.did heD.didn't he6.She came into the room quietly ____ wake her friends.A.so as not toB.in order to notD.so she does not7.8.offend 选择能代替的选项()A.botherB.hurtC.annoyD.excite9.In their efforts to ____ us to buy that product, advertiser have madea close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.A.causeB.forceC.persuadeD.convince10.The girls didn't have any pens, ____?A.have theyB.do theyC.did theyD.are they11.___ World War Ⅱ, DDT has been used in large quantities.A、becauseB、althoughC、for exampleD、since12.Phillip placed too much ____ on sports and not enough on his work.A、interestB、concernC、hobbyD、emphasis13.____ an old store building.A.here'sB.there'sC.their'sD.there has14.evolve选择能代替的选项A、manifestC、developD、resolve15.The house ______ in bad repair since he moved out.A、wasB、has beenC、had beenD、was being16.Because he never tells a lie, Jim makes many enemies. People are often ____ by the truth.A、offendedB、defendedC、defeatedD、defined17.outstanding选择能代替的选项A、typicalB、ordinaryC、exceptionalD、speedily18.He stood up and reached ____ the key.A、toB、aboutC、withD、for19.‘Psychology’ is () the study of human behaviors by scientific methods.A.taken asB.regarded asC.defined asD.believed as20.She bought a new dress to show off her lovely ____.A.formB.sampleC.shapeD.structure第1卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：A2.参考答案：A3.参考答案：B5.参考答案：C6.参考答案：A8.参考答案：B9.参考答案：C10.参考答案：C11.参考答案：D12.参考答案：D13.参考答案：A14.参考答案：C15.参考答案：B16.参考答案：A17.参考答案：B18.参考答案：D19.参考答案：C20.参考答案：C。
东北师范大学“计算机科学与技术”《算法分析与设计》23秋期末试题库含答案
东北师范大学“计算机科学与技术”《算法分析与设计》23秋期末试题库含答案第1卷一.综合考核(共20题)1.十六进制数5A.8转换为十进制数是()。
A.89.6B.90.1C.90.5D.96.82.设变量定义为char s[]=“hello”，则数组s中有6个元素。
()A.错误B.正确3.顺序查找n个元素的顺序表，若查找成功，则比较关键字的次数最多为()次。
A.n/2B.(n+1)/2C.(n-1)/2D.n4.一个n个顶点的连通无向图，其边的个数至少为()。
A.n-1B.nC.n+1D.nlogn5.下列排序方法中，哪一个是稳定的排序方法?()A.直接选择排序B.二分法插入排序C.希尔排序D.快速排序6.快速排序的基本思想是将每次将一个待排序的数据元素，插入到前面已经排好序的数列中的适当位置，使数列依然有序﹔直到待排序数据元素全部插入完为止。
()A.错误B.正确7.字符数组的初始化可以逐个元素进行初始化。
()A.错误B.正确8.冒泡排序是一种不稳定排序方法。
()A.错误B.正确9.下列叙述中正确的是()。
A.顺序存储结构的存储一定是连续的，链式存储结构的存储空间不一定是连续的B.顺序存储结构只针对线性结构，链式存储结构只针对非线性结构C.顺序存储结构能存储有序表，链式存储结构不能存储有序表D.链式存储结构比顺序存储结构节省存储空间10.()是一个基本完整的开发工具集，它包括了整个软件生命周期中所需要的大部分工具，如UML工具、代码管控工具、集成开发环境等等。
A.VSB.VMC.Dev-C++D.IDE11.二进制的基数是()。
A.2B.8C.10D.1612.十进制算术表达式：3*512+7*64+4*8+5的运算结果，用二进制表示为()。
A.10111100101B.11111100101C.11110100101D.1111110110113.顺序结构、选择结构、循环结构三种结构共同特点是()A.只有一个入口B.只有一个出口C.结构内的每一部分都有机会被执行到(不存在死语句)D.结构内不存在死循环(永远执行不完的循环)14.对于任意一棵二叉树，如果度为0的结点个数为n₀，度为2的结点个数为n₂，则n₀=n₂+1。
东北师范大学线性代数试卷及答案
8、设三阶方阵A与B相似，A的特征值为1、2、3，则 。
二、计算题(6题，共66分)
1、计算行列式（8分）
2、计算 阶行列式(12分)
3、解矩阵方程（10分）
4、求向量组： ，
， 的秩及一个最大无关组（10分）
5、解方程组（12分）
6、用正交变换化二次型为标准型（14分）
将 单位化 得 ，单位化得 ，（12分）
。即：有正交变换 使： （14分）
三、证明题（10分）
设向量组 线性无关，求证 ， ， 也线性无关。（10分）
证明：令 得：
由向量组 线性无关得 （2分）
即: ， 由克莱姆法则， （6分）
方程组只有唯一解
所以 ， ， 也线性无关 （10分）
一、填空题（每题3分，共24分）
1、要使3ｉ2981ｋ65为偶排列，则k＝。
2、如果在行列式中，奇数号码各行之和等于偶数号码各行的和的两倍，则行列式值等于。
3、ｎ阶方阵A满足 ，则 。
4、设A、B、C为ｎ阶方阵， ，则 。
5、设向量 可由向量 线性表示，则表示方法唯一的充分必要条件是。
6、n个未知量的线性方程组AX＝0只有零解的充分必要条件是。
三、证明题(10分)
设向量组 线性无关，求证 ， ， 也线性无关。（10分）
线性代数（本科）试卷参考答案及评分标准
一、填空题（每题3分，共24分）
1、4；2、0；3、 4、 5、 线性无关。
6、r(A)=n7、28、24。
二、计算题（6题，共66分）
1、计算行列式（8分）
解： （4分）
（8分）
2、计算 阶行列式(12分)
解： = （4分）
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==============东北师大“比较文学与世界文学”考研试题================外国文学史2004年卷一、解释概念（每题5分，共55分）威塞克斯小说复调小说迷茫的一代梅塘集团为艺术而艺术拉普荷马式比喻亚瑟王传说系统第四堵墙三一律破晓歌二、简答（每题10分，共50分）1、俄狄普斯情结；2、教育小说的基本特征；3、巴尔扎克《（人间喜剧）前言》所提出的创作思想；4、古希腊悲剧中的命运观；5、“新小说派”的创作特征。
三、简述下列各题（每题15分，共45分）1、论莎士比亚悲剧《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的延宕；2、论法国作家司汤达的小说《红与黑》的社会历史观念；3、论厄内斯特海明威的“冰山原则”外国文学史2005年卷一、解释概念（每题5分，共55分）镀金时代传奇体小说狂飙突进为艺术而艺术史诗剧拜论式英雄扁平人物大学才子派死海古卷歌舞伎阿克梅派二、简答（每题10分，共50分）1、狄奥尼索斯精神和阿波罗精神的关系。
2、亚里士多德的悲剧观；3、传奇与现代小说的分别；4、民间史诗的基本特征；5、分析印度古代诗人迦梨陀娑的戏剧《沙恭达罗》的艺术理想。
三、简述下列各题（每题15分，共45分）1、论威廉•莎士比亚化创作的美学依据；2、论罗宾德拉纳特•泰戈尔的诗歌主题；3、论弗郎茨•卡夫卡小说中荒诞情节的功能。
外国文学史2006年卷一、解释概念（每题5分，共55分）万物有灵论主神奥丁罗宾汉谣曲《圣经旧约》埃达悲剧表现说湖畔派诗人反英雄角色苏联解冻文学魔幻现实主义二、简答（每题10分，共50分）1、《圣经•雅歌》中的爱情描写有何特征？2、埃斯库罗斯的《俄瑞斯特斯》的主题是什么？3、莫里哀的《伪君子》的开场好在哪里？4、易卜生在《玩偶之家》中表达了怎样的女性观？5、拜伦和雪莱的诗风有何不同？三、简述下列各题（每题15分，共45分）1、论狄更斯小说中人物形象的艺术特征；2、论西奥多德莱塞的现实主义创作成就；3、如何理解巴尔扎克文学创作的思想基础？外国文学史2007年卷一、名词解释神谱大学才子派七星诗社克伦威尔序言人物再现法意识流小说物语吠陀二、简答题1、《神曲》的象征意义。
2、“巴洛克文学”的基本特征。
3、《少年维特之烦恼》反映了市民阶级的哪些特点？4、菲尔丁小说理论与实践方面的贡献。
5、《吉檀迦利》种对神的理解。
三、论述题1、谈谈阿提卡神话与雅典悲剧在价值取向上的差异。
2、哈姆雷特对人生的悲观看法。
3、托尔斯泰主义与陀思妥耶夫斯基救世主张的比较。
外国文学史2008年卷一、名词和概念解释（每题5分，共30分）1、骑士传奇2、《李尔王》3、俳句4、浮士德精神5、自然派6、萨特的“境遇剧”二、简答题（每题10分，共60分）1、举例说明希腊神话“神、人同形同性说”。
2、简述拜伦的长篇叙事诗《唐璜》中同名主人公性格特征。
3、结合作品简答《玩偶之家》中海尔茂的人生哲学。
4、举例说明“威塞克斯”小说的基本特征。
5、结合《老人与海》的结尾描写，简论作品的写作技巧。
6、《源氏物语》所表现的日本人的审美意识。
三、分析题（每题20分，共60分）1、莎士比亚笔下奥赛罗形象的基本特征以及艺术上的价值。
2、请根据《安娜•卡列尼娜》中三个生活圈子的描写，谈谈安娜最后卧轨自杀的必然性。
3、结合卡夫卡小说《城堡》的情节或细节谈谈表现主义的特征。
外国文学史2009年卷一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）荷马问题破晓歌自然派象征主义文学酒神精神苏菲派文学二、简答题（每题10分，共60分）1、用亚里士多德的《诗学》理论阐释《俄狄浦斯王》是“十全十美”的悲剧。
2、以《哈姆雷特》为例，分析莎士比亚对人性复杂性的深刻认识。
3、《浮士德》对善与恶辩证关系的体现。
4、比较托尔斯泰笔下两个聂赫留道夫形象，分析托尔斯泰思想的发展变化。
5、《百年孤独》的魔幻色彩。
6、川端康成小说的美学特质。
三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）1、一八三〇年代法国文学对历史的贡献。
2、联系创作实际，论述西方后现代主义文学的创作特征。
外国文学史2010年卷一、名词解释加洛林文艺复兴复调小说巴洛克文学梅塘集团耶拿派鲁拜新小说派新感觉派二、简答1、结合巴赫金的狂欢化理论，谈《巨人传》所体现的自由平等思想；2、简论《新爱罗伊斯》对“天性”和“美德”关系的处理；3、简论《悲惨世界》中体现的美丑对照原则；4、《复活》中对托尔斯泰“救世”思想的体现；5、《源氏物语》对物哀美学风格的体现。
三、论述1、19世纪欧洲批判现实主义文学社会批判主题的发展和演变；2、结合西方现代主义文论分析20世纪上半期西方现代主义文学的基本特征。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------比较文学理论2004年试卷一、解释概念（每题5分，共55分）1、钱钟书（比较文学论著两部）2、梵第根3、什么是总体文学4、中国比较文学年会开过几届年会？5、法国学派的基本特色6、美国学派7、伏尔泰的《中国孤儿》根据什么创作的？8、日尔蒙斯基9、和而不同10、欧洲中心主义二、简答（每题12分，共60分）1、主题与母题有何不同？2、“他者形象”；3、你怎样认识歌德“世界文学”的主张？4、简谈翻译中的“误读”；5、什么是古代文论的“现代阐释”。
三、简述下列各题（每题20分，共40分）1、为什么说中国文学在近代仍对日本文学产生着影响？2、试论中国比较文学所肩负的历史使命。
比较文学理论2005年试卷一、填空题（每题4分，共40分）1、中国比较文学学会在（）成立，首任会长是（）；2、美国学者韦勒克在国际第（）届会议（教堂山会议）上发表《》，向法国学派发难；3、波斯奈特写出的第一本文学著作为（），他是（）国人。
4、钱钟书最有影响的比较文学著作为《》，此外还有《》。
5、提出“解释团体”概念的是（），他的理论被称作（）。
6、对“葛天氏之乐”的论述出自我国古代典籍《》。
7、“诗中有画，画中有诗”是（）对（）诗画作品的评价。
8、翻译在比较文学中的地位是（）。
9、“真”被看作是（）的最早诗学理念。
10、比较文艺学是（）国比较文学的规范称呼，它建立于（）世纪末。
二、简答题（共60分，每题12分）1、中国比较文学的历史使命。
2、如何理解翻译带来的“创造型误读”3、《源氏物语》与中国文学的关系。
4、“影响”的实质。
5、简谈中西诗学的“表现说”有何同异。
三、论述题（共50分，每题25分）1、论述“和而不同”与对话原则。
2、论比较文学的跨学科研究的必要性及注意的问题。
比较文学理论2006年试卷一、填空题（每题4分，共40分）1、梁启超倡导“小说界革命”，是从日本引进（）；2、荣格青睐东方文化，特别是对我国的（）情有独钟；3、1921年来华后写出《支那游记》的日本作家是（）。
4、什克洛夫斯基是俄国（）文论家。
5、说“我是依我想来画对象，而非依我所见来画的”的是著名画家（）。
6、《存在与时间》的作者为（）。
7、“和而不同”的思想最早见于我国古代（）。
8、刘象愚的（）是一部富有开拓性的以新的观点研究中国文学的著作。
9、翻译在比较文学研究中具有（）的地位。
10、1958年韦勒克发表的（）被看作是美国比较文学的宣言书。
二、简答题（共70分，每题14分）1、费什的“解释团体”对影响研究的启示。
2、谷崎润一郎的《中国趣味》对你有何启示？3、谈鲁迅的《狂人日记》如何接受外国作家作品的影响。
4、弗莱与原型批评。
5、“新批评派”对文学批评的贡献与局限。
三、论述题（共40分，每题20分）1、试论全球化语境下受西方文化影响的日本诗学的几个特点。
2、试论禅对中国古代诗歌的影响。
比较文学理论2007年试卷一、填空题（每题4分、每空2分，共40分）1、钱钟书的（）和（）是中国比较文学的重要著作。
2、提出复调小说理论的是（）国的学者（）。
3、“替罪羊”的原型出自（）的著作（）。
4、（）的《艺术哲学》强调（）三要素。
5、《比较文学的危机》的作者是（）国学者（）。
6、说“我是依我想来画对象，而非我所见来画的”是世界美术大师（）国的（）。
7、马克思、恩格斯在（）中亦提出了“世界的文学”的主张，这与（）的“世界文学”的主张处于同一时代。
8、瑞士语言学家（）的（）语言学对于符号学、形式主义文论都产生了重大影响。
9、日本作家（）在（）年来华后写出了以《支那游记》为代表的系列游记作品。
10、王国维先生将humour译为（）未流行起来，（）将其译为“幽默”，现仍在使用。
二、简答题（每题14分，共70分）1、你怎样认识中国比较文学的本质特性？2、什么是诠释循环？3、你如何认识文学与自然科学的关系？4、“物哀”及本居宣长对它的阐释。
5、简述伽达默尔的“视域融合”。
三、论述题（每题20分，共40分）1、结合具体文论谈为什么说“不存在放之四海而皆准的文学批评模式”。
2、谈谈一部中华文化史就是“和而不同”的发展史。
比较文学理论2008年试卷一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、“互证”2、渊源学3、《管锥编》4、比较诗学5、亚里士多德的四种叙事方式6、“解释团体”二、简答题（每小题10分，共60分）1、“和而不同”的当代文化策略价值。
2、概括韦勒克的《比较文学的危机》的主要思想。
3、简谈译介学与世界文学的关系。
4、如何理解比较文学跨学科研究中的“跨”字。
5、“哭”与“笑”的美学比较。
6、欧洲象征主义文学对中国作家的影响。
三、论述题（每小题30分，共60分）1、比较郁达夫的“零余人”与屠格涅夫的“多余人”形象。
2、结合具体文学现象，谈谈影响研究的新视野。
比较文学理论2009年试卷一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1、平行研究2、主题学研究3、接受美学4、社会学批评二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1、结合《一千零一夜》、《十日谈》两部作品，简述两部作品结构技巧之间的相似性。
2、为什么说“文学与艺术间存在着天然的姻缘”？3、比较诗学所研究的对象以及目的。
三、分析题1、《圣经•旧约》中上帝造人的神话情节和希腊“普罗米修斯造人”的神话情节的比较。
2、柯勒律治《古舟子咏》中的老水手与海明威《老人与海》中的桑迪亚哥对待“灾难”的不同态度。
3、谈谈萨特小说《卧室》与阿尔比《动物园故事》对人与人之间隔膜的不同表现。
4、阅读下面的材料，并根据莎士比亚的创作实际，来谈谈其中所蕴含的主要文学理论主张。
哈姆莱特说：“说这段剧词的时候，要照我刚才读给你的样子，一个字一个字打舌头上很轻快地吐出来；要是你也像多数的伶人们一样，只会拉开了喉咙嘶叫，那么我宁愿叫那宣布告示的公差念我这几行词句。
也不要老是把你的手在空中这么摇挥；一切动作都要温文，因为就是在洪水风暴一样的感情激发之中，你也必须取得一种节制，免得流于过火。